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Vincent van Gogh - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Surat-surat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surat-surat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Surat-surat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surat-surat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kehidupan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kehidupan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kehidupan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masa_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Masa awal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etten,_Drenthe_dan_Den_Haag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etten,_Drenthe_dan_Den_Haag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Etten, Drenthe dan Den Haag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etten,_Drenthe_dan_Den_Haag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menjadi_seniman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menjadi_seniman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Menjadi seniman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menjadi_seniman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuenen_dan_Antwerpen_(1883–86)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuenen_dan_Antwerpen_(1883–86)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Nuenen dan Antwerpen (1883–86)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuenen_dan_Antwerpen_(1883–86)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_(1886–88)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_(1886–88)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Paris (1886–88)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_(1886–88)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puncak_artistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puncak_artistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Puncak artistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puncak_artistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arles_(1888–89)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arles_(1888–89)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Arles (1888–89)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arles_(1888–89)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kunjungan_Gauguin_(1888)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kunjungan_Gauguin_(1888)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Kunjungan Gauguin (1888)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kunjungan_Gauguin_(1888)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles_(Desember_1888)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles_(Desember_1888)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Rumah Sakit di Arles (Desember 1888)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles_(Desember_1888)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint-Rémy_(Mei_1889_–_Mei_1890)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint-Rémy_(Mei_1889_–_Mei_1890)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Saint-Rémy (Mei 1889 – Mei 1890)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint-Rémy_(Mei_1889_–_Mei_1890)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auvers-sur-Oise_(Mei–Juli_1890)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auvers-sur-Oise_(Mei–Juli_1890)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Auvers-sur-Oise (Mei–Juli 1890)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auvers-sur-Oise_(Mei–Juli_1890)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kematian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kematian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kematian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kematian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaya_dan_karya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaya_dan_karya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gaya dan karya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gaya_dan_karya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Gaya dan karya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gaya_dan_karya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengembangan_artistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengembangan_artistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pengembangan artistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengembangan_artistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serial_besar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serial_besar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Serial besar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serial_besar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Potret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Potret</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potret_diri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potret_diri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Potret diri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potret_diri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bunga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bunga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Bunga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bunga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pohon_sanobar_dan_zaitun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pohon_sanobar_dan_zaitun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Pohon sanobar dan zaitun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pohon_sanobar_dan_zaitun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebun_buah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebun_buah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Kebun buah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebun_buah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ladang_gandum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ladang_gandum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Ladang gandum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ladang_gandum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reputasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reputasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Reputasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reputasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum_Van_Gogh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_Van_Gogh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Museum Van Gogh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_Van_Gogh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vincent van Gogh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 207 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-207" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">207 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Altai Selatan" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Altai Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5_%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%8C%8E" title="ቪንሰንት ቫን ጎ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቪንሰንት ቫን ጎ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AE" title="فينسنت فان خوخ – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فينسنت فان خوخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%A2%DC%9B_%DC%92%DC%90%DC%A2_%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%9F" title="ܒܝܢܣܢܛ ܒܐܢ ܟܘܟ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܝܢܣܢܛ ܒܐܢ ܟܘܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AE" title="ڤينسنت ڤان غوخ – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤينسنت ڤان غوخ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AE" title="فينسينت فان جوخ – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فينسينت فان جوخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%98" title="ভিনচেণ্ট ভেন গঘ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভিনচেণ্ট ভেন গঘ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Van_Gogh" title="Vincent Van Gogh – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vincent Van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsent_van_Qoq" title="Vinsent van Qoq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vinsent van Qoq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82" title="وینسنت وان قوق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وینسنت وان قوق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент Ван Гог – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Винсент Ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincents_van_Gogs" title="Vincents van Gogs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vincents van Gogs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Вінцэнт ван Гог – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінцэнт ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Вінцэнт ван Гог – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вінцэнт ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97" title="विन्सेंट वान गॉग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विन्सेंट वान गॉग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%96" title="ভিনসেন্ট ফন গখ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিনসেন্ট ফন গখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝིན་སན་ཝན་ཀའོ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝིན་སན་ཝན་ཀའོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97" title="ভিনসেন্ট ভ্যান গগ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভিনসেন্ট ভ্যান গগ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AA_%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%AE" title="ڤینسێنت ڤان گۆخ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤینسێنت ڤان گۆخ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsent_van_Gog" title="Vinsent van Gog – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vinsent van Gog" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог Винсент – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ван Гог Винсент" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Βίνσεντ βαν Γκογκ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίνσεντ βαν Γκογκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Van_Gogh" title="Vincent Van Gogh – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vincent Van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ونسان ون گوگ – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ونسان ون گوگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Goghi_Vincent" title="Van Goghi Vincent – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Van Goghi Vincent" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E9%AB%98" title="梵高 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="梵高" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Van_Gogh" title="Vincent Van Gogh – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Vincent Van Gogh" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84_%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD_%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B7" title="𐌱𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍄 𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌷 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍄 𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌷" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B" title="વિન્સેન્ટ વેન ગો – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિન્સેન્ટ વેન ગો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9A" title="וינסנט ואן גוך – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וינסנט ואן גוך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B" title="विन्सेंट वैन गो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विन्सेंट वैन गो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A9_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%A3" title="Վինսենթ վան Գոգ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վինսենթ վան Գոգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A9_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF" title="Վինսընթ Վան Կոկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վինսընթ Վան Կոկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%83%E3%83%9B" title="フィンセント・ファン・ゴッホ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィンセント・ファン・ゴッホ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვინსენტ ვან გოგი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვინსენტ ვან გოგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент Ван Гог – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Винсент Ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%80" title="វីនហ្សេន ហ្វាន់ ហ្គូក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីនហ្សេន ហ្វាន់ ហ្គូក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B" title="ವಿನ್ಸೆಂಟ್ ವಾನ್ ಗೋ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿನ್ಸೆಂಟ್ ವಾನ್ ಗೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%98_%EA%B3%A0%ED%9D%90" title="빈센트 반 고흐 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빈센트 반 고흐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент Ван Гог – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Винсент Ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincentius_van_Gogh" title="Vincentius van Gogh – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vincentius van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент Ван Гог – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Винсент Ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0" title="ວິນເຊັນ ແວນ ໂກະ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິນເຊັນ ແວນ ໂກະ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsents_van_Gogs" title="Vinsents van Gogs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vinsents van Gogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гог, Винсент ван – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гог, Винсент ван" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="വിൻസന്റ് വാൻഗോഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൻസന്റ് വാൻഗോഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B" title="व्हिन्सेंट व्हॅन घो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हिन्सेंट व्हॅन घो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гог, Винсент ван – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гог, Винсент ван" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဗင်းဆင့် ဗန်ဂိုး – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗင်းဆင့် ဗန်ဂိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ونسان ون گوگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ونسان ون گوگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%96" title="भिन्सेन्त फन गोख – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिन्सेन्त फन गोख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97:" title="विन्सेन्ट भ्यान ग: – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विन्सेन्ट भ्यान ग:" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B" title="ਵਿੰਸੈਂਟ ਵੈਨ ਗੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿੰਸੈਂਟ ਵੈਨ ਗੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ونسینٹ وان گوگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونسینٹ وان گوگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Van_Gogh" title="Vincent Van Gogh – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vincent Van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%90%D0%BE%D2%91" title="Вінсент ван Ґоґ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вінсент ван Ґоґ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7" title="ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱷ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱷ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D" title="වින්සන්ට් වැන් ගෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වින්සන්ට් වැන් ගෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsent_van_Gogh" title="Finsent van Gogh – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Finsent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="வின்சென்ட் வான் கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வின்சென்ட் வான் கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D" title="విన్సెంట్ వాన్ గోహ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విన్సెంట్ వాన్ గోహ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент Ван Гог – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Винсент Ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84" title="ฟินเซนต์ ฟัน โคค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟินเซนต์ ฟัน โคค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wan_Gog_Win%C2%ADsen" title="Wan Gog Win­sen – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wan Gog Win­sen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Винсент ван Гог – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Винсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ван Гог, Винсент – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ван Гог, Винсент" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%DB%90%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ۋېىنىست – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋېىنىست" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Вінсент ван Гог – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вінсент ван Гог" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AE" title="ونسنٹ وین خوخ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ونسنٹ وین خوخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gog_Vinsent_van" title="Gog Vinsent van – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gog Vinsent van" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%B5%E9%AB%98" title="文森特·梵高 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文森特·梵高" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვინსენტ ვან გოგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვინსენტ ვან გოგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9A" title="ווינצענט וואן גאך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווינצענט וואן גאך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%B5%E9%AB%98" title="文森特·梵高 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文森特·梵高" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%A2%B5%E9%AB%98" title="文森·梵高 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文森·梵高" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Vincent van Gogh" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5582#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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Klik di sini untuk informasi lebih lanjut." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/20px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/30px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/40px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Nama ini merupakan sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nama_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nama Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">nama Belanda</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nama_keluarga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nama keluarga">nama keluarganya</a> adalah <i>Van Gogh</i>, bukan <i>Gogh</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Vincent van Gogh</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(454045).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah potret kepala dan bahu pria berusia 30-an tahun, dengan jenggot merah, dan menghadap ke kiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Potret Diri</i>, 1887, <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span class="nickname">Vincent Willem van Gogh</span><br />30 Maret 1853<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Zundert" title="Zundert">Zundert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">29 Juli 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-07-29)</span> (umur&#160;37)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Auvers-sur-Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvers-sur-Oise">Auvers-sur-Oise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Makam</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Cimetière d'Auvers-sur-Oise, Prancis<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;language=id&amp;params=49.07531_N_2.17894_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°04′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.07531°N 2.17894°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">49.07531; 2.17894</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Belanda</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendidikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mauve" title="Anton Mauve">Anton Mauve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal atas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Lukisan, gambar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Karya terkenal</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sien_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Sien (serial Van Gogh)">Kenestapaan</a></i> (1882)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Eaters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Potato Eaters">Pemakan Kentang</a></i> (1885)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Bunga_matahari_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Bunga matahari (serial Van Gogh)">Bunga Matahari</a></i> (1887)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Bedroom_in_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedroom in Arles">Kamar Tidur di Arles</a></i> (1888)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="The Starry Night">Malam Berbintang</a></i> (1889)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Dr. Gachet">Potret Dr. Gachet</a></i> (1890)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_dengan_Gagak-gagak" title="Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak">Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak</a></i> (1890)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gerakan politik</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Pasca-impresionisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasca-impresionisme">Pasca-impresionisme</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=345&amp;url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&amp;id=nm0994883" title="IMDB: nm0994883"><img alt="IMDB: nm0994883" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/20px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/30px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/40px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/2238691" title="Discogs: 2238691" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Discogs: 2238691" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/20px-Discogs.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/30px-Discogs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/40px-Discogs.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Gogh,_Vincent_van" title="IMSLP: Category:Gogh,_Vincent_van" rel="nofollow"><img alt="IMSLP: Category:Gogh,_Vincent_van" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg/23px-Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg/35px-Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg/46px-Music_2b1%2B30x45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1055" title="Find a Grave: 1055" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 1055" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582#identifiers" title="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/18px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/36px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg/260px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg/390px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg/520px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Sunflowers_-_VGM_F458.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i>Bunga Matahari</i> (F.458), pengulangan versi ke-4 (latar belakang kuning), Agustus 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Museum_Van_Gogh" title="Museum Van Gogh">Museum Van Gogh</a>, Amsterdam.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/260px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/390px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/520px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_with_crows_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_dengan_Gagak-gagak" title="Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak">Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak</a></i>, 1890. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vincent Willem van Gogh</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Belanda:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">&#91;ˈvɪnsɛnt<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʋɪləm<span class="wrap"> </span>vɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɣɔx&#93;</a></span> <small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/Vincent_willem_van_gogh.ogg\/Vincent_willem_van_gogh.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;id&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;Vincent willem van gogh.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Vincent_willem_van_gogh.ogg/Vincent_willem_van_gogh.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_willem_van_gogh.ogg" title="Berkas:Vincent willem van gogh.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) (30 Maret 1853&#160;&#8211;&#160;29 Juli 1890) adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Pelukis" title="Pelukis">pelukis</a> <a href="/wiki/Pascaimpresionisme" title="Pascaimpresionisme">pascaimpresionis</a> <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> yang menjadi salah satu tokoh paling terkenal dan berpengaruh dalam sejarah seni di Barat. Dalam waktu lebih dari satu dasawarsa, ia menciptakan kurang lebih 2.100 karya seni, termasuk sekitar 860 <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_minyak" title="Lukisan minyak">lukisan minyak</a> yang kebanyakan dibuat selama dua tahun terakhir kehidupannya. Karya-karya tersebut meliputi lukisan <a href="/wiki/Pohon_dan_Semak_Belukar_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon dan Semak Belukar (serial Van Gogh)">bentang alam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Paris)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)">alam benda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potret_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret karya Vincent van Gogh">potret</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Potret_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret Vincent van Gogh">potret diri</a>, dan memiliki ciri khas berupa warna yang tebal dan dramatis serta goresan kuas yang impulsif dan ekspresif. </p><p>Pada masa kecilnya, putra sulung kelahiran keluarga menengah ke atas ini merupakan seorang anak yang serius, pendiam dan penuh dengan pikiran. Saat masih muda, ia menjadi seorang pedagang seni dan sering berkelana, tetapi ia mengalami depresi setelah dipindah ke London. Ia beralih ke bidang agama dan menjalani waktunya sebagai seorang misionaris <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> di Belgia Selatan. Ia terombang ambing di tengah kesakitan dan kesendirian sebelum akhirnya mulai melukis pada tahun 1881 setelah kembali ke rumah orang tuanya. Ia mendapatkan bantuan keuangan dan emosional dari adiknya yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(pedagang_seni)" title="Theo van Gogh (pedagang seni)">Theo</a>, dan mereka berdua menjalin <a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Surat-surat Vincent van Gogh">komunikasi jangka panjang melalui surat-menyurat</a>. Karya-karya awalnya, yang kebanyakan merupakan lukisan <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Belanda)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)">alam benda</a> dan ilustrasi <a href="/wiki/Studi_Karakter_Petani_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)">para buruh tani</a>, sudah menunjukkan pewarnaan yang cerah dan tebal yang kelak menjadi ciri khas karya-karyanya. Pada tahun 1886, ia pindah ke Paris, dan di situ ia bertemu dengan anggota pergerakan <i><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a></i>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>. Seiring berjalannya waktu, ia mengembangkan pendekatan baru terhadap lukisan alam benda dan <a href="/wiki/Montmartre_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montmartre (serial Van Gogh)">bentang alam setempat</a>. Lukisan-lukisannya menjadi lebih cerah dan akhirnya gaya baru ini terbentuk secara utuh pada masanya di <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a> di Prancis Selatan pada tahun 1888. Pada masa itu pula ia memperluas cakupan subjek-subjeknya, termasuk sejumlah lukisan <a href="/wiki/Pohon_Zaitun_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)">pohon zaitun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Ladang Gandum (serial Van Gogh)">ladang gandum</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bunga_matahari_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Bunga matahari (serial Van Gogh)">bunga matahari</a>. </p><p>Van Gogh mengalami <a href="/wiki/Psikosis" title="Psikosis">psikosis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Delusi" title="Delusi">waham</a>. Walaupun ia merasa khawatir dengan kondisi kejiwaannya, ia sering kali mengabaikan kesehatan fisiknya, sehingga ia tidak makan dengan benar dan malah banyak minum alkohol. Pertemanannya dengan Gauguin berakhir setelah terjadinya pertengkaran yang kemudian membuat Van Gogh memotong kuping kirinya sendiri. Ia lalu secara sukarela masuk ke rumah sakit jiwa di <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy</a> pada tanggal 8 Mei 1889. Setahun kemudian, ia memutuskan untuk keluar, dan ia kemudian pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Auberge_Ravoux" title="Auberge Ravoux">Auberge Ravoux</a> di <a href="/wiki/Auvers-sur-Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvers-sur-Oise">Auvers-sur-Oise</a> di dekat Paris. Di situ ia dirawat oleh seorang dokter <a href="/wiki/Homeopati" title="Homeopati">homeopati</a> yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gachet" title="Paul Gachet">Paul Gachet</a>. Depresinya masih berlanjut dan pada tanggal 27&#160;Juli 1890 van Gogh menembak dadanya sendiri dengan sepucuk pistol <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a>. Ia menjemput ajal akibat luka-lukanya dua hari kemudian. </p><p>Van Gogh bukanlah seorang seniman yang sukses pada masa hidupnya dan dianggap sebagai orang gila. Ia menjadi terkenal setelah ia bunuh diri, dan tampil dalam khayalan publik sebagai seorang jenius yang disalahpahami dan "tempat bertemunya kegilaan dengan kreativitas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan19899_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan19899-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Reputasinya mulai bertumbuh pada awal abad ke-20 karena unsur-unsur gaya lukisnya digunakan oleh seniman <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionisme_Jerman" title="Ekspresionisme Jerman">ekspresionis Jerman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fauvisme" title="Fauvisme">Fauvis</a>. Dalam beberapa dasawarsa berikutnya, ia meraih kesuksesan dari segi popularitas, komersial, dan kritik, dan namanya diingat sebagai seorang pelukis yang penting namun berakhir tragis, dan kepribadiannya yang bermasalah melambangkan idealisme romantik akan seorang <a href="/wiki/Seniman_yang_tersiksa" title="Seniman yang tersiksa">seniman yang tersiksa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surat-surat">Surat-surat</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Surat-surat Vincent van Gogh">Surat-surat Vincent van Gogh</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:328px;max-width:328px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg/170px-Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg/255px-Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg/340px-Vincent_van_Gogh_January_1873-cropped.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1118" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg/150px-Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg/225px-Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg/300px-Theo_van_Gogh_May_1878-cropped.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:;background-color:">Vincent van Gogh pada tahun 1873, saat ia bekerja di galeri <a href="/wiki/Goupil_%26_Cie" title="Goupil &amp; Cie">Goupil &amp; Cie</a> di <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">Den Haag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(pedagang_seni)" title="Theo van Gogh (pedagang seni)">Theo</a> (gambar kanan, dari tahun 1878) mendukung kakaknya dan juga menjadi sahabat Vincent sepanjang hidupnya</div></div></div></div> <p>Sumber primer yang paling lengkap mengenai kehidupan Vincent van Gogh adalah surat-menyurat antara dirinya dan adiknya, <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(pedagang_seni)" title="Theo van Gogh (pedagang seni)">Theo</a>. Hubungan persahabatan seumur hidup mereka dan sebagian besar dari apa yang diketahui tentang pemikiran dan teori seni Vincent tertulis di dalam ratusan surat yang mereka saling kirimkan dari tahun 1872 sampai 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.vangoghletters.org/vg_&quot;Van_Gogh:_The_Letters&quot;&#93;_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg_&quot;Van_Gogh:_The_Letters&quot;]-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Theo sendiri adalah seorang pedagang seni yang memberikan bantuan keuangan dan emosional kepada kakaknya, dan ia juga memiliki hubungan dengan tokoh-tokoh seni yang berpengaruh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theo menyimpan semua surat yang dikirimkan oleh Vincent kepadanya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xv_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xv-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi Vincent hanya menyimpan beberapa surat yang ia terima. Setelah mereka berdua meninggal dunia, istri Theo yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Johanna_van_Gogh-Bonger" title="Johanna van Gogh-Bonger">Johanna</a> memutuskan untuk mengumpulkan dan menerbitkan surat-surat mereka. Beberapa surat tersebut muncul pada tahun 1906 dan 1913, dan kebanyakan diterbitkan pada tahun 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986248_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986248-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix,_xv_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix,_xv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Surat-surat yang ditulis oleh Vincent berkesan fasih dan ekspresif dan disebut-sebut memiliki tingkat "keintiman seperti buku harian",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan sebagian lainnya terasa seperti sebuah otobiografi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penerjemah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Pomerans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Pomerans (halaman belum tersedia)">Arnold Pomerans</a> menyatakan bahwa penerbitan surat-surat tersebut menambahkan sebuah "dimensi segar untuk memahami pencapaian seni Van Gogh, sebuah pemahaman yang tidak dianugerahkan kepada kita oleh pelukis yang lain".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terdapat lebih dari 600 surat yang dikirimkan oleh Vincent kepada Theo dan sekitar 40 dari Theo untuk Vincent. Selain itu, terdapat 22 surat yang dikirimkan oleh Vincent kepada adik perempuannya, <a href="/wiki/Wil_van_Gogh" title="Wil van Gogh">Wil</a>, 58 kepada pelukis <a href="/wiki/Anthon_van_Rappard" title="Anthon van Rappard">Anthon van Rappard</a>, 22 kepada <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a>, serta surat-surat pribadi kepada <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> dan kritikus <a href="/wiki/Albert_Aurier" title="Albert Aurier">Albert Aurier</a>. Beberapa dilengkapi dengan <a href="/wiki/Sketsa_(gambar)" title="Sketsa (gambar)">sketsa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak dari antara surat-surat tersebut yang tidak diberi tanggal, tetapi para sejarawan seni dapat mengurutkan surat-surat ini secara kronologis. Masih terdapat masalah-masalah dalam proses transkripsi dan penanggalan, terutama untuk surat-surat yang dikirim dari Arles. Saat berada di sana, Vincent menulis sekitar 200 surat dalam bahasa Belanda, Prancis dan Inggris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebagai catatan, tidak ditemukan surat pada masa ketika Vincent menetap di Paris karena ia tinggal bersama dengan Theo, sehingga mereka tidak perlu saling mengirimkan surat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997i–xxvi_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997i–xxvi-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan">Kehidupan</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_awal">Masa awal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Van_Gogh_dalam_seni_rupanya" title="Keluarga Van Gogh dalam seni rupanya">Keluarga Van Gogh dalam seni rupanya</a></div> <p>Vincent Willem van Gogh lahir pada tanggal 30 Maret 1853 di <a href="/wiki/Zundert" title="Zundert">Groot-Zundert</a> di provinsi <a href="/wiki/Brabant_Utara" title="Brabant Utara">Brabant Utara</a> yang mayoritas penduduknya menganut agama <a href="/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans19971_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans19971-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia adalah anak sulung dari pasangan Theodorus van Gogh, seorang pendeta <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Reformasi_Belanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Reformasi Belanda">Gereja Reformasi Belanda</a>, dan Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Van Gogh diberi nama kakeknya dan juga kakaknya yang <a href="/wiki/Lahir_mati" title="Lahir mati">lahir mati</a> setahun sebelum Vincent dilahirkan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nama Vincent sendiri sebenarnya merupakan nama yang sering dipakai dalam keluarga Van Gogh: kakeknya, Vincent (1789–1874), yang memperoleh gelar dalam bidang teologi di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Leiden" title="Universitas Leiden">Universitas Leiden</a> pada tahun 1811, dikaruniai enam anak laki-laki, dan tiga diantaranya menjadi pedagang seni. Vincent yang ini mungkin dinamai dari paman ayahnya yang berprofesi sebagai seorang pemahat (1729–1802).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson19989_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson19989-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibu Van Gogh berasal dari keluarga kaya di <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">Den Haag</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201114–16_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201114–16-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sementara ayahnya adalah anak bungsu seorang pendeta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201159_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201159-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Keduanya bertemu saat adik Anna, Cornelia, menikahi kakak Theodorus, Vincent (Cent). Orang tua Van Gogh menikah pada Mei 1851 dan pindah ke Zundert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201118_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201118-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Adik Van Gogh yang bernama Theo lahir pada tanggal 1 Mei 1857. Van Gogh juga memiliki seorang adik laki-laki yang bernama Cor dan tiga adik perempuan yang bernama Elisabeth, Anna, dan <a href="/wiki/Wil_van_Gogh" title="Wil van Gogh">Willemina</a> (dikenal sebagai "Wil"). Pada saat sudah dewasa, Van Gogh hanya berhubungan dengan Willemina dan Theo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199416_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199416-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ibu Van Gogh adalah seorang wanita religius dan saklek yang sangat mementingkan keluarga hingga orang yang berada di sekitarnya merasa <a href="/wiki/Klaustrofobia" title="Klaustrofobia">klaustrofobik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201123–25_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201123–25-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gaji Theodorus tidaklah besar, tetapi gereja menyediakan keluarga tersebut dengan sebuah rumah, seorang pembantu, dua juru masak, seorang tukang kebun, dan sebuah kereta kuda, dan Anna mewajibkan anak-anaknya untuk menjunjung tinggi status sosial keluarga tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201131–32_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201131–32-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh adalah seorang anak yang serius dan penuh dengan pikiran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman199013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman199013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minatnya terhadap seni sudah berkembang sejak masih muda. Ia didorong untuk menggambar semenjak kecil oleh ibunya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201136–50_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201136–50-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan gambar-gambar pertama yang ia buat terlihat ekspresif,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> namun tak sebanding dengan karya-karyanya saat sudah dewasa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker19808–9_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker19808–9-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia dididik di rumah oleh ibunya dan seorang pengajar, dan pada tahun 1860 ia dikirim ke sekolah desa. Pada tahun 1864, ia masuk ke <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_asrama" title="Sekolah asrama">sekolah asrama</a> di <a href="/wiki/Zevenbergen" title="Zevenbergen">Zevenbergen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi di situ ia merasa ditinggalkan dan meminta dipulangkan. Sebagai gantinya, pada tahun 1866, orang tuanya mengirimkannya ke sekolah menengah di <a href="/wiki/Tilburg" title="Tilburg">Tilburg</a>, tetapi di situ ia sangat tidak bahagia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201145–49_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201145–49-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, Constantijn C. Huysmans yang telah menjadi seniman sukses di Paris menjadi guru di sekolah Van Gogh di Tilburg. Huysmans menolak teknik-teknik dan lebih mendukung upaya penangkapan kesan-kesan dari suatu hal, terutama objek secara umum atau alam. Ketidakbahagiaan Van Gogh yang mendalam tampaknya telah membayangi pelajaran-pelajarannya, sehingga ilmu yang diberikan oleh Huysmans tidak terlalu berdampak terhadap diri Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201148_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201148-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Maret 1868, Van Gogh secara mendadak kembali ke rumahnya. Saat sudah dewasa, ia menulis bahwa masa mudanya "keras, dingin, dan hampa".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let403/letter.html_Letter_403&#93;_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let403/letter.html_Letter_403]-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Juli 1869, paman Van Gogh, Cent, memberikannya sebuah pekerjaan di perusahaan seni <a href="/wiki/Goupil_%26_Cie" title="Goupil &amp; Cie">Goupil &amp; Cie</a> di Den Haag.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199420_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199420-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah menyelesaikan pelatihannya pada tahun 1873, ia dikirim ke kantor cabang Goupil di Southampton Street, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, dan ia lalu tinggal di <a href="/wiki/87_Hackford_Road_(Van_Gogh)" title="87 Hackford Road (Van Gogh)">87 Hackford Road</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockwell (halaman belum tersedia)">Stockwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let007/letter.html_Letter_007&#93;_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let007/letter.html_Letter_007]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Masa ini merupakan masa yang bahagia bagi Van Gogh; ia sukses dengan pekerjaannya, dan pada usia 20 tahun pendapatannya sudah melebihi ayahnya. Istri Theo kemudian berkomentar bahwa ini adalah tahun terbaik dalam kehidupan Vincent. Namun, ia tergila-gila dengan anak ibu kosnya, Eugénie Loyer, dan Van Gogh ditolak setelah mengungkapkan perasaannya; perempuan tersebut diam-diam malah bertunangan dengan seorang bekas pemilik penginapan. Van Gogh pun menjadi terisolasi dan semakin kuat agamanya. Ayah dan pamannya lalu memindahkannya ke Paris pada tahun 1875, tetapi di situ ia merasa marah akibat berbagai hal, seperti bagaimana perusahaannya menjadikan seni sebagai komoditas, sehingga ia dipecat satu tahun kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198135–47_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198135–47-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg/220px-Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg/330px-Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg/440px-Cuesmes_JPG001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maison_Van_Gogh" title="Maison Van Gogh">Rumah Van Gogh di Cuesmes</a>. Di sini ia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang seniman</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada April 1876, ia kembali ke Inggris untuk melakukan pekerjaan tak dibayar sebagai guru pengganti di sebuah <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_asrama" title="Sekolah asrama">sekolah asrama</a> kecil di <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>. Saat pemiliknya pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Isleworth" title="Isleworth">Isleworth</a>, Middlesex, Van Gogh juga ikut dengannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xxvii_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xxvii-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let088/letter.html_Letter_088&#93;_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let088/letter.html_Letter_088]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada akhirnya ia tidak cocok dengan pekerjaan tersebut dan keluar untuk menjadi asisten pendeta <a href="/wiki/Methodisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodisme">Methodis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198147–56_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198147–56-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, orang tuanya sudah pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Etten-Leur" title="Etten-Leur">Etten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011113_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011113-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia kembali ke Belanda pada hari Natal tahun 1876 dan lalu menetap selama enam bulan dan bekerja di sebuah toko buku di <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a>. Ia merasa tak bahagia dengan pekerjaan tersebut dan menjalani waktunya dengan mencorat-coret sesuatu atau menerjemahkan ayat-ayat Alkitab ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Prancis dan Jerman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow199054_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow199054-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia memutuskan untuk membenamkan dirinya dalam ilmu agama dan menjadi semakin saleh dan hidup sesuai dengan aturan keagamaan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011146–147_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011146–147-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut teman kosnya pada saat itu yang bernama Paulus van Görlitz, Van Gogh makan dengan sederhana dan menghindari konsumsi daging.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990175_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990175-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagai bentuk dukungan terhadap keinginan Van Gogh untuk menjadi seorang pastor, pada tahun 1877 ia dikirim oleh keluarganya untuk tinggal bersama dengan pamannya, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stricker" title="Johannes Stricker">Johannes Stricker</a>, yang merupakan seorang teolog yang dihormati di Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh mempersiapkan diri untuk ikut ujian masuk teologi di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Amsterdam" title="Universitas Amsterdam">Universitas Amsterdam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant20149_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant20149-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi ia gagal lulus ujian tersebut dan meninggalkan rumah pamannya pada Juli 1878. Ia lalu mengambil kursus tiga bulan di sekolah misionaris <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> di <a href="/wiki/Laken" class="mw-redirect" title="Laken">Laken</a> di dekat Brussel, tetapi ia lagi-lagi mengalami kegagalan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker199060–62,_73_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker199060–62,_73-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Januari 1879, Van Gogh diberi tugas sebagai seorang misionaris di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petit_Wasmes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Petit Wasmes (halaman belum tersedia)">Petit-Wasmes</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990101_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990101-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang terletak di daerah penambangan batu bara <a href="/wiki/Borinage" title="Borinage">Borinage</a> di Belgia. Sebagai tanda dukungannya kepada para jemaat yang miskin, ia memberikan tempat tinggalnya yang nyaman di sebuah toko roti kepada seorang tuna wisma, dan ia lalu pindah ke sebuah gubuk kecil dan tidur di atas jerami.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFell201517_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFell201517-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kondisi hidupnya yang kumuh membuatnya tidak disukai oleh gereja, yang kemudian memecatnya karena Van Gogh dianggap telah "merusak martabat kependetaan". Ia kemudian berjalan sejauh 75&#160;km ke Brussel,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow199072_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow199072-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan sempat kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Cuesmes" title="Cuesmes">Cuesmes</a> di Borinage. Ia akhirnya mau menuruti permintaan orang tuanya untuk kembali ke Etten. Namun, ia tinggal di sana hanya sampai bulan Maret 1880,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sehingga orang tuanya merasa cemas dan frustrasi. Terjadi perseteruan antara dirinya dengan ayahnya, sampai-sampai sang ayah mempertimbangkan untuk mengirim Van Gogh ke rumah sakit jiwa di <a href="/wiki/Geel" title="Geel">Geel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011209–210,_488–489_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011209–210,_488–489-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let186/letter.html_Letter_186&#93;_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let186/letter.html_Letter_186]-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh kembali ke Cuesmes pada Agustus 1880, dan di situ ia tinggal dengan seorang penambang hingga bulan Oktober.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let156/letter.html_Letter_156&#93;_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let156/letter.html_Letter_156]-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia mulai tertarik dengan orang-orang dan pemandangan di sekitarnya, dan ia mengabadikannya dalam bentuk gambar-gambar sesuai dengan saran dari Theo agar ia mempelajari seni dengan sungguh-sungguh. Van Gogh mengunjungi Brussel setahun kemudian untuk mengikuti nasihat Theo agar ia berguru dengan seniman Belanda <a href="/wiki/Willem_Roelofs" title="Willem Roelofs">Willem Roelofs</a>. Roelofs berhasil meyakinkannya untuk masuk ke <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts">Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts</a>, meskipun Van Gogh sebenarnya tidak menyukai sekolah seni yang resmi. Ia mendaftar di akademi tersebut pada November 1880, dan di situ ia mempelajari anatomi dan aturan-aturan standar pemodelan dan <a href="/wiki/Perspektif_(grafis)" title="Perspektif (grafis)">perspektif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198167–71_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198167–71-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etten,_Drenthe_dan_Den_Haag"><span id="Etten.2C_Drenthe_dan_Den_Haag"></span>Etten, Drenthe dan Den Haag</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Karya-karya_awal_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karya-karya awal Vincent van Gogh">Karya-karya awal Vincent van Gogh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg/170px-Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg/255px-Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg/340px-Kee_Vos_met_zoon_Jan-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1471" /></a><figcaption>Kee Vos-Stricker dengan putranya Jan, sekitar tahun 1879–80</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh kembali ke Etten pada April 1881 untuk tinggal bersama dengan orang tuanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans199783_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans199783-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia terus menggambar dan sering kali menjadikan tetangga-tetangganya sebagai subjek lukisan. Pada Agustus 1881, sepupunya yang telah menjanda, Cornelia "Kee" Vos-Stricker, datang berkunjung. Kee merupakan anak dari pasangan Johannes Stricker dan istrinya yang merupakan kakak kandung ibu Van Gogh, Willemina. Van Gogh merasa sangat senang dengan kehadiran Kee dan sering berjalan kaki bersamanya. Kee berusia tujuh tahun lebih tua darinya, dan memiliki seorang putra berusia delapan tahun. Van Gogh mengejutkan semua orang dengan menyatakan cintanya kepadanya dan mengusulkan pernikahan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990145_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990145-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia menolak dengan berkata "Tidak akan, tidak, tidak akan pernah" ("<i>nooit, neen, nimmer</i>").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let179/letter.html_Letter_179&#93;_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let179/letter.html_Letter_179]-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah Kee kembali ke Amsterdam, Van Gogh datang ke Den Haag untuk mencoba menjual lukisan-lukisannya dan untuk menemui sepupu jauhnya, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Mauve" title="Anton Mauve">Anton Mauve</a>. Mauve adalah seorang seniman sukses dan Van Gogh ingin menjadi sepertinya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mauve mengundangnya untuk kembali dalam beberapa bulan, dan menyarankan agar ia menjalani waktu dengan berkarya menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Arang_(seni_rupa)" title="Arang (seni rupa)">arang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pastel" title="Pastel">pastel</a>; Van Gogh lalu kembali ke Etten dan mengikuti nasihatnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada akhir November 1881, Van Gogh menulis sebuah surat kepada Johannes Stricker, yang dikatakan oleh Theo sebagai sebuah serangan pribadi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let189/letter.html_Letter_189&#93;_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let189/letter.html_Letter_189]-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah beberapa hari, ia pergi ke Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let193/letter.html_Letter_193&#93;_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let193/letter.html_Letter_193]-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kee tak sudi menemuinya, dan orangtuanya menyatakan bahwa "kekerasan hatinya menjijikkan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228&#93;_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228]-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh merasa putus asa, sehingga ia menyentuh api lentera dengan tangan kirinya dan berkata: "Biarkan aku bertemu dengannya selama aku bisa menahan tanganku di api."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228&#93;_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228]-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990147_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990147-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia tidak dapat mengingat peristiwa tersebut dengan baik, tetapi kemudian menduga bahwa pamannya telah memadamkan api tersebut. Ayah Kee menegaskan bahwa penolakan Kee harus dihormati dan keduanya tidak dapat menikah, terutama karena Van Gogh tidak mampu menafkahi dirinya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006125_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006125-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mauve menerima Van Gogh sebagai muridnya dan mengenalkannya pada <a href="/wiki/Cat_air" title="Cat air">cat air</a>, yang ia pakai selama sebulan berikutnya sebelum pulang untuk perayaan hari Natal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011250–252_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011250–252-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia berseteru dengan ayahnya, menolak ke gereja, dan lalu pergi ke Den Haag.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199464_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199464-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah sebulan berlalu, Van Gogh dan Mauve bertengkar, kemungkinan akibat permasalahan mengenai kelayakan penggunaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plaster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plaster (halaman belum tersedia)">plaster</a> untuk menggambar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let219/letter.html_Letter_219&#93;_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let219/letter.html_Letter_219]-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh hanya dapat mempekerjakan orang-orang dari jalanan sebagai model, dan praktik ini tampaknya juga tidak disukai oleh Mauve.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011258_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011258-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Juni, Van Gogh terserang <a href="/wiki/Kencing_nanah" title="Kencing nanah">kencing nanah</a> dan masuk rumah sakit selama tiga minggu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let237/letter.html_Letter_237&#93;_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let237/letter.html_Letter_237]-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tidak lama sesudahnya, ia mulai melukis dengan menggunakan minyak<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981110_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981110-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang dibeli dengan uang yang dipinjamkan oleh Theo. Ia menyukai penggunaan medium tersebut, dan ia menggoreskan kuasnya dengan bebas. Ia mengaku terkejut bahwa hasilnya ternyata bagus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011306_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011306-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg/220px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg/330px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg/440px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption><i>Atap, Pemandangan dari Ruang Kerja Den Haag,</i> 1882, koleksi pribadi</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada Maret 1882, Mauve tampaknya telah memperlakukan Van Gogh dengan dingin, dan ia berhenti membalas surat-suratnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198196–103_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198196–103-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia mendengar kabar mengenai hubungan Van Gogh dengan seorang pelacur alkoholik yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Sien_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Sien (serial Van Gogh)">Clasina Maria "Sien" Hoornik</a> (1850–1904).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh bertemu dengan Sien menjelang akhir Januari 1882, saat Sien tidak hanya memiliki seorang putri yang berumur lima tahun, tetapi juga sedang hamil. Ia sebelumnya sudah pernah melahirkan dua anak yang telah meninggal, tetapi Van Gogh tidak mengetahui hal tersebut;<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> pada tanggal 2 Juli, ia melahirkan seorang bayi laki-laki yang diberi nama Willem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Saat ayah Van Gogh mendapati rincian hubungan mereka, ia berusaha menekan Van Gogh untuk mencampakkan Sien dan kedua anaknya. Vincent mula-mula menolaknya,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan mempertimbangkan untuk pindah bersama dengan Sien dan anak-anaknya ke luar kota, tetapi pada akhir tahun 1883 ia memutuskan untuk meninggalkan Sien dan anak-anaknya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199238_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199238-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kemiskinan mungkin telah memaksa Sien untuk kembali ke dunia pekerja seks komersial; keadaan di rumah menjadi kurang bahagia dan Van Gogh merasa kehidupan keluarganya tak sejalan dengan perkembangan artistiknya. Sien menitipkan anak perempuannya kepada ibunya, dan bayi Willem kepada saudara laki-lakinya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981113_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981113-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Willem ingat bahwa ia pernah mengunjungi <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> saat ia berusia sekitar 12 tahun, dan di situ seseorang mencoba meyakinkan Sien untuk menikah untuk mengesahkan anak-anaknya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkie2004185_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkie2004185-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia percaya bahwa Van Gogh adalah ayah kandungnya, tetapi waktu kelahirannya menjadikan hal tersebut tidak mungkin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981101–107_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981101–107-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sien akhirnya menenggelamkan dirinya sendiri di <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheldt">Sungai Scheldt</a> pada tahun 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada September 1883, Van Gogh pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a> di Belanda Utara. Pada bulan Desember, akibat kesendirian yang menyayat hati, ia memutuskan untuk tinggal dengan orang tuanya yang menetap di <a href="/wiki/Nuenen" title="Nuenen">Nuenen</a>, Brabant Utara, pada masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menjadi_seniman">Menjadi seniman</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuenen_dan_Antwerpen_(1883–86)"><span id="Nuenen_dan_Antwerpen_.281883.E2.80.9386.29"></span>Nuenen dan Antwerpen (1883–86)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Studi_Karakter_Petani_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)">Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Belanda)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)">Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg/220px-Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg/330px-Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg/440px-Van-willem-vincent-gogh-die-kartoffelesser-03850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pemakan_Kentang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemakan Kentang">Pemakan Kentang</a></i>, 1885. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>Di Nuenen, Van Gogh berfokus pada lukisan dan gambar. Ia bekerja di luar ruangan dengan sangat cepat, dan ia berhasil menyelesaikan berbagai sketsa dan <a href="/wiki/Studi_Karakter_Petani_(serial_Van_Gogh)#Penenun" title="Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)">lukisan para penenun</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gubuk_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Gubuk (serial Van Gogh)">gubuk mereka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990174_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990174-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dari Agustus 1884, Margot Begemann, seorang putri tetangga yang lebih tua sepuluh tahun dari Van Gogh, jatuh cinta kepada Van Gogh dan Van Gogh membalas perasaan tersebut, walaupun perasaannya tidak sekuat Margot. Mereka ingin menikah, tetapi keluarga mereka tak menyetujuinya. Margot merasa putus asa dan meracuni dirinya sendiri dengan <a href="/wiki/Striknina" title="Striknina">striknina</a>, tetapi selamat setelah Van Gogh melarikannya ke rumah sakit terdekat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 26 Maret 1885, ayah Van Gogh meninggal dunia akibat serangan jantung.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981154_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981154-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh membuat sejumlah lukisan <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Belanda)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)">alam benda</a> pada tahun 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980196–205_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980196–205-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selama dua tahun di Nuenen, ia menyelesaikan banyak gambar dan lukisan cat air, dan hampir sekitar 200 lukisan minyak. Paletnya utamanya terdiri dari warna-warna tanah yang gelap, terutama warna cokelat tua, dan tak menunjukkan warna-warna tebal dan cerah yang kelak menjadi ciri khas karyanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seorang pedagang seni di Paris tertarik dengan karyanya pada awal tahun 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011436_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011436-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Theo menanyakan kepada Vincent apakah ia memiliki lukisan-lukisan yang siap untuk dipamerkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Mei, Van Gogh menjawabnya dengan mempersembahkan karya besar pertamanya, <i><a href="/wiki/Pemakan_Kentang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemakan Kentang">Pemakan Kentang</a></i>, dan sejumlah lukisan "<a href="/wiki/Studi_Karakter_Petani_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)">studi karakter petani</a>" yang merupakan hasil kerja selama beberapa tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989127_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989127-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Saat ia mengeluh karena ia merasa bahwa Theo tidak melakukan upaya yang cukup untuk menjual lukisan-lukisannya di Paris, Theo menjawabnya dengan menyatakan bahwa lukisan-lukisan tersebut terlalu gelap, dan tidak sejalan dengan gaya Impresionisme yang cerah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Agustus, karya Van Gogh dipamerkan untuk pertama kalinya di muka umum, tepatnya di jendela toko seni Leurs di Den Haag. Salah satu <a href="/wiki/Studi_Karakter_Petani_(serial_Van_Gogh)#Wanita" title="Studi Karakter Petani (serial Van Gogh)">petani muda</a> yang pernah ia lukis hamil pada September 1885; Van Gogh dituduh telah memaksa berhubungan badan dengannya, sehingga pendeta di desa melarang jemaatnya untuk menjadi model Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994709_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994709-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_(F997).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sangat Lelah, pensil di kertas cat air, 1882. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam [90]"><img alt="Sangat Lelah, pensil di kertas cat air, 1882. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam [90]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg/100px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg/151px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg/201px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Worn_Out_%28F997%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4706" data-file-height="7722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Di_Gerbang_Keabadian" title="Di Gerbang Keabadian">Sangat Lelah</a></i>, pensil di kertas cat air, 1882. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alam benda dengan Alkitab Terbuka, Lilin Mati dan Novel, yang juga disebut Alam benda dengan Alkitab, 1885. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Alam benda dengan Alkitab Terbuka, Lilin Mati dan Novel, yang juga disebut Alam benda dengan Alkitab, 1885. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/165px-Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/248px-Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/330px-Stilleven_met_bijbel_-_s0008V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6811" data-file-height="5642" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Van_Gogh_dalam_seni_rupanya" title="Keluarga Van Gogh dalam seni rupanya">Alam benda dengan Alkitab Terbuka, Lilin Mati dan Novel</a></i>, yang juga disebut <i>Alam benda dengan Alkitab</i>, 1885. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tengkorak Sebuah Kerangka dengan Rokok yang Menyala, 1885–86. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Tengkorak Sebuah Kerangka dengan Rokok yang Menyala, 1885–86. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/124px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/187px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/249px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Head_of_a_skeleton_with_a_burning_cigarette_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tengkorak_Sebuah_Kerangka_dengan_Rokok_yang_Menyala" title="Tengkorak Sebuah Kerangka dengan Rokok yang Menyala">Tengkorak Sebuah Kerangka dengan Rokok yang Menyala</a></i>, 1885–86. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wanita Petani yang Sedang Membungkuk, atau Wanita dengan Sekop, Dilihat dari Belakang, 1885. Galeri Seni Rupa Ontario, Toronto"><img alt="Wanita Petani yang Sedang Membungkuk, atau Wanita dengan Sekop, Dilihat dari Belakang, 1885. Galeri Seni Rupa Ontario, Toronto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg/127px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg/190px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg/253px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Peasant_woman_digging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Wanita Petani yang Sedang Membungkuk</i>, atau <i>Wanita dengan Sekop, Dilihat dari Belakang</i>, 1885. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Seni_Rupa_Ontario" title="Galeri Seni Rupa Ontario">Galeri Seni Rupa Ontario</a>, Toronto</div> </li> </ul> <p>Ia pindah ke Antwerpen pada bulan November, dan menyewa sebuah kamar di atas sebuah toko lukisan di rue des Images (<i>Lange Beeldekensstraat</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990181_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990181-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia hidup dalam kemiskinan dan makan seadanya, dan ia lebih memilih untuk menggunakan uang yang diberikan oleh Theo untuk membeli bahan lukisan dan menyewa model. Roti, kopi dan <a href="/wiki/Tembakau" title="Tembakau">tembakau</a> menjadi bagian dari makanan pokoknya. Pada Februari 1886, ia menulis kepada Theo bahwa ia hanya dapat mengingat enam hidangan panas yang pernah ia makan sejak bulan Mei. Giginya menjadi longgar dan menyakitkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990184_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990184-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Antwerpen, ia berusaha mempelajari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_warna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori warna (halaman belum tersedia)">teori warna</a> dan menghabiskan waktu di museum-museum&#160;&#8212; terutama untuk mempelajari karya <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>&#160;– dan menambah warna yang ia pakai di paletnya dengan warna <a href="/wiki/Karmina" title="Karmina">karmina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biru_kobalt" title="Biru kobalt">biru kobalt</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hijau_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijau Paris">hijau zamrud</a>. Van Gogh membeli karya seni <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> Jepang di daerah dermaga, dan kemudian memasukkan unsur-unsur seni tersebut ke dalam latar belakang beberapa lukisannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammacher198584_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammacher198584-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, ia kembali menjadi seorang peminum alkohol yang berlebihan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990253_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990253-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia juga masuk rumah sakit dari Februari hingga Maret 1886,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan di situ ia mungkin juga menjalani pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Sifilis" title="Sifilis">sifilis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199277_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199277-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah pulih, ia mengambil ujian masuk <a href="/wiki/Akademi_Seni_Rupa_Kerajaan_(Antwerpen)" title="Akademi Seni Rupa Kerajaan (Antwerpen)">Akademi Seni Rupa</a> di Antwerpen, meskipun sebenarnya ia membenci pendidikan akademis. Pada Januari 1886, ia diterima di program lukisan dan gambar. Ia jatuh sakit dan dibuat lunglai oleh kerja yang berlebihan, pola makan yang buruk dan kebiasaan merokok yang berlebihan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981173_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981173-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun begitu, ia mulai mengikuti kelas-kelas menggambar model-model plaster di Akademi Antwerpen pada tanggal 18 Januari 1886. Ia kemudian berseteru dengan <a href="/wiki/Charles_Verlat" title="Charles Verlat">Charles Verlat</a>, direktur akademi dan guru kelas melukis, akibat gaya lukisan Van Gogh yang tidak biasa. Van Gogh juga berselisih pandang dengan guru kelas menggambar <a href="/wiki/Franz_Vinck" title="Franz Vinck">Franz Vinck</a>. Van Gogh akhirnya masuk kelas menggambar model-model plaster yang diajarkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt" title="Eugène Siberdt">Eugène Siberdt</a>. Siberdt dan Van Gogh bertengkar setelah Van Gogh tak memenuhi permintaan Siberdt untuk menegaskan kontur dan berkonsentrasi pada garis. Ketika Van Gogh diminta untuk menggambar <a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a>, ia malah membuat gambar tubuh seorang petani perempuan Flandria yang telanjang dan tak bertangan. Siberdt menganggapnya sebagai tindakan pembangkangan terhadap ajarannya dan ia memperbaiki lukisan Van Gogh dengan krayonnya hingga kertasnya robek. Van Gogh kemudian mengamuk dan berteriak kepada Siberdt: 'Kau benar-benar tidak tahu seorang wanita muda itu seperti apa, <i>jahanam!</i> Seorang wanita harus memiliki pinggul, pantat, panggul yang dapat menggendong seorang bayi!' Menurut beberapa catatan, ini menjadi terakhir kalinya Van Gogh menghadiri kelas-kelas di akademi tersebut dan kemudian ia pindah ke Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011448–489_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011448–489-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 31 Maret 1886, sekitar sebulan setelah berseteru dengan Siberdt, para guru akademi memutuskan agar 17 murid, termasuk Van Gogh, mengulang satu tahun. Maka dari itu, kabar bahwa Van Gogh dikeluarkan dari akademi oleh Siberdt terbukti salah.<sup id="cite_ref-lam_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lam-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paris_(1886–88)"><span id="Paris_.281886.E2.80.9388.29"></span>Paris (1886–88)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Japonaiserie_(Van_Gogh)" title="Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)">Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Paris)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)">Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg/220px-Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg/330px-Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg/440px-Toulouse-Lautrec_de_Henri_Vincent_van_Gogh_Sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5404" data-file-height="6431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, <i>Potret Vincent van Gogh</i>, 1887, gambar pastel, Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh pindah ke Paris pada Maret 1886 dan di situ ia tinggal di apartemen rue Laval di <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> bersama dengan Theo, dan berguru di studio <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Cormon" title="Fernand Cormon">Fernand Cormon</a>. Pada bulan Juni, kakak beradik tersebut pindah ke apartemen yang lebih besar di 54 <a href="/wiki/Rue_Lepic" title="Rue Lepic">rue Lepic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981187–192_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981187–192-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Paris, Vincent melukis <a href="/wiki/Agostina_Segatori_Duduk_di_Caf%C3%A9_du_Tambourin" title="Agostina Segatori Duduk di Café du Tambourin">potret teman-teman dan kenalan-kenalannya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_alam_benda_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Paris)" title="Lukisan alam benda karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)">lukisan alam benda</a>, serta pemandangan <a href="/wiki/Le_Moulin_de_la_Galette_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Le Moulin de la Galette (serial Van Gogh)">Le Moulin de la Galette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montmartre_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montmartre (serial Van Gogh)">Montmartre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Asnières (serial Van Gogh)">Asnières</a>, dan daerah di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Seine_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Seine (serial Van Gogh)">Sungai Seine</a>. Pada tahun 1885 di Antwerpen, ia mulai tertarik dengan teknik <a href="/wiki/Cukil_kayu" title="Cukil kayu">cukil kayu</a> Jepang yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a>, dan memakainya untuk menghias tembok studionya; saat berada di Paris, ia mengumpulkan ratusan karya seni cukil kayu. Ia juga mencoba membuat seni <a href="/wiki/Japonaiserie_(Van_Gogh)" title="Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)">Japonaiserie</a>, termasuk dengan melukis <i><a href="/wiki/Salinan_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh#Salinan_dari_Keisai_Eisen" title="Salinan karya Vincent van Gogh">The Courtesan or Oiran</a></i> (1887) yang merupakan reproduksi gambar buatan <a href="/wiki/Keisai_Eisen" title="Keisai Eisen">Keisai Eisen</a> dari majalah <i>Paris Illustre</i> yang telah ia perbesar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198438–39_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198438–39-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah melihat potret <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Monticelli" title="Adolphe Monticelli">Adolphe Monticelli</a> di Galerie Delareybarette, Van Gogh menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Palet" title="Palet">palet</a> yang lebih cerah dan goresan kuas yang lebih berani, terutama dalam lukisan-lukisan seperti <i><a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Saintes-Maries (serial Van Gogh)">Pemandangan Laut di Saintes-Maries</a></i> (1888).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990135_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990135-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let853/letter.html_Letter_853&#93;_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let853/letter.html_Letter_853]-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dua tahun kemudian, Vincent dan Theo membiayai penerbitan sebuah buku mengenai lukisan-lukisan Monticelli, dan Vincent membeli beberapa karya Monticelli untuk menambah koleksinya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011520–522_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011520–522-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh mendengar kabar mengenai ruang kerja <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Cormon" title="Fernand Cormon">Fernand Cormon</a> dari Theo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011702_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011702-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia bekerja di studio tersebut pada April dan Mei 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di situ ia bertemu dengan seniman Australia <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Russell" title="John Peter Russell">John Peter Russell</a> dan murid-muridnya, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Anquetin" title="Louis Anquetin">Louis Anquetin</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, dan Russell juga membuat lukisan diri Van Gogh pada tahun 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662–63_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662–63-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mereka bertemu di toko lukisan <a href="/wiki/Potret_P%C3%A8re_Tanguy" title="Potret Père Tanguy">Julien "Père" Tanguy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang pada masa itu merupakan satu-satunya tempat penyimpanan lukisan-lukisan buatan <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>. Pada tahun 1886, dua pameran besar digelar di sana dan menampilkan lukisan <a href="/wiki/Pointillisme" title="Pointillisme">Pointillisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Neo-impresionisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-impresionisme">Neo-impresionisme</a> untuk pertama kalinya, sehingga menarik perhatian kepada pelukis <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> dan Paul Signac. Theo menyimpan lukisan-lukisan bergaya Impresionis di galerinya di bulevar Montmartre, tetapi Van Gogh tidak langsung mengakui perkembangan baru ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981212–213_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981212–213-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terjadi perselisihan di antara kedua kakak beradik tersebut. Pada akhir tahun 1886, Theo merasa "hampir tidak tahan lagi" tinggal bersama dengan Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada akhir tahun 1887, mereka kembali berbaikan, tetapi Vincent sudah pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine" title="Asnières-sur-Seine">Asnières</a>, sebuah kawasan suburban di Paris barat laut, dan di situ ia berkenalan dengan Signac. Ia mulai menggunakan unsur-unsur Pointillisme, sebuah teknik yang menorehkan sejumlah titik kecil yang berwarna di atas kanvas sehingga jika dilihat dari jauh akan membentuk perpaduan warna. Gaya tersebut menekankan penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Warna_komplementer" title="Warna komplementer">warna komplementer</a> – yang meliputi biru dan jingga – untuk menghasilkan kontras yang penuh dengan energi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1215px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Moulin de Blute-Fin (1886) dari serial Le Moulin de la Galette dan Montmartre. Museum Seni Rupa Bridgestone, Tokyo (F273)"><img alt="Le Moulin de Blute-Fin (1886) dari serial Le Moulin de la Galette dan Montmartre. Museum Seni Rupa Bridgestone, Tokyo (F273)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/161px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/242px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/323px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Windmills_on_Montmartre_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4035" data-file-height="5001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Le Moulin de Blute-Fin</i> (1886) dari serial <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moulin_de_la_Galette_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Le Moulin de la Galette (serial Van Gogh)">Le Moulin de la Galette</a></i> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montmartre (serial Van Gogh)">Montmartre</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Bridgestone" title="Museum Seni Rupa Bridgestone">Museum Seni Rupa Bridgestone</a>, Tokyo (F273)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Courtesan (berdasarkan karya Eisen), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Courtesan (berdasarkan karya Eisen), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/120px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/180px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg/239px-Van_Gogh_-_la_courtisane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4582" data-file-height="7648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Courtesan</i> (berdasarkan karya <a href="/wiki/Keisai_Eisen" title="Keisai Eisen">Eisen</a>), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Père Tanguy, 1887. Musée Rodin, Paris"><img alt="Potret Père Tanguy, 1887. Musée Rodin, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/159px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/238px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG/317px-Van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Pere_Tanguy_1887-8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Potret_P%C3%A8re_Tanguy" title="Potret Père Tanguy">Potret Père Tanguy</a>,</i> 1887. <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebun Prem yang Bermekaran (salinan karya Hiroshige), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Kebun Prem yang Bermekaran (salinan karya Hiroshige), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/168px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/252px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/336px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Bloeiende_pruimenboomgaard-_naar_Hiroshige_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kebun Prem yang Bermekaran</i> (salinan karya <a href="/wiki/Hiroshige" title="Hiroshige">Hiroshige</a>), 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alam benda dengan Segelas Absinthe dan sebuah Botol Anggur Kaca, 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="A glass and bottle on a cafe table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/140px-Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/210px-Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/281px-Caf%C3%A9tafel_met_absint_-_s0186V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5243" data-file-height="7471" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Alam benda dengan Segelas <a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a> dan sebuah Botol Anggur Kaca</i>, 1887. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> </ul> <p>Saat berada di Asnières, Van Gogh melukis <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res_(serial_Van_Gogh)#Taman" title="Asnières (serial Van Gogh)">taman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res_(serial_Van_Gogh)#Restoran" title="Asnières (serial Van Gogh)">restoran</a> dan Sungai <a href="/wiki/Seine_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Seine (serial Van Gogh)">Seine</a>, termasuk <i><a href="/wiki/Seine_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Seine (serial Van Gogh)">Jembatan yang melintasi sungai Seine, Asnières</a></i>. Pada November 1887, Theo dan Vincent berteman dengan Paul Gauguin yang baru tiba di Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menjelang akhir tahun, Vincent menggelar sebuah pameran bersama dengan Bernard, Anquetin, dan mungkin juga dengan Toulouse-Lautrec, di Grand-Bouillon Restaurant du Chalet, 43 avenue de Clichy, Montmartre. Dalam catatan kontemporer, Bernard menulis bahwa lukisan-lukisan di pameran tersebut lebih maju daripada lukisan-lukisan di pameran yang lainnya di Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990256_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990256-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di sana, Bernard dan Anquetin menjual lukisan-lukisan pertama mereka, sementara Van Gogh bertukar karya dengan Gauguin. Diskusi tentang seni, seniman, dan keadaan sosial mereka dimulai saat pameran tersebut, yang kemudian juga diikuti oleh para pengunjung acara tersebut, seperti Signac, Seurat, serta <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> dan putranya, <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Pissarro" title="Lucien Pissarro">Lucien</a>. Pada Februari 1888, Vincent merasa dilelahkan oleh kehidupan di Paris, sehingga ia memutuskan untuk pindah setelah menghabiskan waktu selama dua tahun di sana dan menghasilkan lebih dari 200 lukisan. Berjam-jam sebelum keberangkatannya dan dengan ditemani oleh Theo, ia melakukan lawatan pertama dan satu-satunya ke studio milik Seurat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let640/letter.html_Letter_640&#93;_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let640/letter.html_Letter_640]-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puncak_artistik">Puncak artistik</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arles_(1888–89)"><span id="Arles_.281888.E2.80.9389.29"></span>Arles (1888–89)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9korasi_untuk_Rumah_Kuning" title="Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning">Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jembatan_Langlois_di_Arles" title="Jembatan Langlois di Arles">Jembatan Langlois di Arles</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Saintes-Maries (serial Van Gogh)">Saintes-Maries (serial Van Gogh)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_(%27The_street%27).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_yellow_house_%28%27The_street%27%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6917" data-file-height="5366" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rumah_Kuning" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah Kuning">Rumah Kuning</a></i>, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh jatuh sakit akibat minum-minum dan mengalami batuk-batuk yang dipicu oleh rokok, sehingga pada Februari 1888 Van Gogh pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia tampaknya memiliki hasrat untuk mendirikan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Koloni_seni_rupa" title="Koloni seni rupa">koloni seni rupa</a> di situ. Seniman Denmark <a href="/wiki/Christian_Mourier-Petersen" title="Christian Mourier-Petersen">Christian Mourier-Petersen</a> menemaninya selama dua bulan, dan pada awalnya Arles terkesan eksotis. Dalam sebuah surat, ia menggambarkan kota tersebut sebagai sebuah negeri asing: "Para <a href="/wiki/Zouave" title="Zouave">Zouave</a>, rumah-rumah <a href="/wiki/Bordil" title="Bordil">bordil</a>, anak-anak kecil <i>Arlésienne</i> yang menerima Komuni Pertamanya, pastor dengan jubahnya yang terlihat seperti badak yang berbahaya, orang-orang meminum <a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">absinthe</a>, bagiku semuanya terkesan seperti makhluk-makhluk dari dunia lain."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Masa-masa di Arles menjadi salah satu masa yang paling produktif bagi Van Gogh: ia menyelesaikan 200 lukisan dan lebih dari 100 gambar dan karya cat air.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198411_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198411-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia terpesona oleh pemandangan dan sinar di sekelilingnya; karya-karyanya pada masa itu kaya akan warna kuning, <a href="/wiki/Biru_laut" title="Biru laut">biru laut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mauve" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauve">ungu pucat</a>. Lukisan-lukisannya bertema panen, ladang gandum dan pemandangan desa di kawasan sekitar, termasuk lukisan <i>Penggilingan Tua</i> (1888), sebuah bangunan yang berada di sebelah ladang gandum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ini adalah salah satu dari tujuh kanvas yang dikirim ke <a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont-Aven">Pont-Aven</a> pada tanggal 4 Oktober 1888 untuk ditukar dengan karya Paul Gauguin, Émile Bernard, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laval" title="Charles Laval">Charles Laval</a>, dan lain-lain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cara Van Gogh menggambarkan pemandangan di Arles dipengaruhi oleh latar belakangnya sebagai seseorang yang dibesarkan di Belanda; perpaduan ladang dan jalanan di lukisannya tampak datar dan kurang <a href="/wiki/Perspektif_(visual)" title="Perspektif (visual)">perspektif</a>, tetapi penggunaan warnanya sangat bagus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143–144_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143–144-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun begitu, pada Maret 1888, ia mulai melukis bentang-bentang alam dengan menggunakan "kerangka perspektif"; tiga karya tersebut ditampilkan di pameran tahunan <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Artistes_Ind%C3%A9pendants" title="Société des Artistes Indépendants">Société des Artistes Indépendants</a>. Pada bulan April, ia dikunjungi oleh seniman Amerika <a href="/wiki/Dodge_MacKnight" title="Dodge MacKnight">Dodge MacKnight</a> yang tinggal di <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontvieille, Bouches-du-Rhône">Fontvieille</a> yang terletak tidak jauh dari Arles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986129_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986129-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997348_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997348-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 1 Mei 1888, dengan biaya 15 <a href="/wiki/Franc_Prancis" title="Franc Prancis">franc</a> per bulan, ia menyewa bagian timur <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Kuning" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah Kuning">Rumah Kuning</a> yang beralamat di 2 place Lamartine. Kamar-kamarnya tak memiliki perabotan dan tidak berpenghuni selama berbulan-bulan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENemeczek199959–61_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENemeczek199959–61-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tanggal 7 Mei, Van Gogh pindah dari Hôtel Carrel ke Café de la Gare,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford200616_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford200616-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan di situ ia berteman dengan para pemiliknya, yaitu Joseph dan <a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(lukisan)" title="L&#39;Arlésienne (lukisan)">Marie Ginoux</a>. Rumah Kuning harus diisi dengan perabotan sebelum ia dapat tinggal di sana, tetapi ia masih dapat memanfaatkannya sebagai sebuah studio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990219_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990219-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia ingin mendirikan sebuah galeri untuk memamerkan karya-karyanya, dan mulai membuat sejumlah lukisan yang meliputi <i><a href="/wiki/Kursi_Van_Gogh" title="Kursi Van Gogh">Kursi Van Gogh</a></i> (1888), <i><a href="/wiki/Kamar_Tidur_di_Arles" title="Kamar Tidur di Arles">Kamar Tidur di Arles</a></i> (1888), <i><a href="/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9_Malam" title="Kafé Malam">Kafé Malam</a></i> (1888), <i><a href="/wiki/Teras_Kaf%C3%A9_pada_Malam_Hari" title="Teras Kafé pada Malam Hari">Teras Kafé pada Malam Hari</a></i> (September 1888), <i><a href="/wiki/Malam_Berbintang_di_Atas_Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Malam Berbintang di Atas Rhone">Malam Berbintang di Atas Rhone</a></i> (1888), dan <i><a href="/wiki/Bunga_Matahari_(serial_lukisan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga Matahari (serial lukisan)">Alam Benda: Vas dengan Dua Belas Bunga Matahari</a></i> (1888), semuanya ditujukan sebagai <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9korasi_untuk_Rumah_Kuning" title="Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning">dekorasi untuk Rumah Kuning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984175–176_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984175–176-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh menulis bahwa dalam lukisan <i>Kafé Malam</i>, ia berusaha "untuk mengungkapkan gagasan bahwa kafe adalah tempat orang dapat menghancurkan dirinya sendiri, menjadi gila, atau melakukan kejahatan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981266_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981266-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Saat ia mengunjungi <a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer" title="Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer">Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer</a> pada bulan Juni, ia memberikan pelajaran kepada seorang letnan dua Zouave yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Potret_Paul-Eug%C3%A8ne_Milliet#Kekasih:_Paul-Eugène_Milliet" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret Paul-Eugène Milliet">Paul-Eugène Milliet</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan melukis <a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Saintes-Maries (serial Van Gogh)">perahu-perahu di laut dan desa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MacKnight memperkenalkan Van Gogh kepada <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch" title="Eugène Boch">Eugène Boch</a>, seorang pelukis Belgia yang terkadang singgah di Fontvieille, dan keduanya saling mengunjungi pada bulan Juli.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seorang Penabur dengan Matahari Terbenam, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Seorang Penabur dengan Matahari Terbenam, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/200px-De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/300px-De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/400px-De_zaaier_-_s0029V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7003" data-file-height="5625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Seorang Penabur dengan Matahari Terbenam</i>, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapal-kapal Nelayan di Pantai Saintes-Maries, Juni 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Kapal-kapal Nelayan di Pantai Saintes-Maries, Juni 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/200px-Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/300px-Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg/400px-Vissersboten_op_het_strand_van_Les_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer_-_s0028V1962_-_Van_Gogh_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6713" data-file-height="5342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kapal-kapal Nelayan di Pantai Saintes-Maries</i>, Juni 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamar Tidur di Arles, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Kamar Tidur di Arles, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/200px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_slaapkamer_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="23803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Kamar_Tidur_di_Arles" title="Kamar Tidur di Arles">Kamar Tidur di Arles</a></i>, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_(1853-1890)_-_The_Old_Mill_(1888).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Penggilingan Tua, 1888. Galeri Seni Rupa Albright–Knox, Buffalo, New York"><img alt="Penggilingan Tua, 1888. Galeri Seni Rupa Albright–Knox, Buffalo, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg/165px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg/248px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_-_The_Old_Mill_%281888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3670" data-file-height="4443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Penggilingan Tua</i>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Seni_Rupa_Albright%E2%80%93Knox" title="Galeri Seni Rupa Albright–Knox">Galeri Seni Rupa Albright–Knox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kunjungan_Gauguin_(1888)"><span id="Kunjungan_Gauguin_.281888.29"></span>Kunjungan Gauguin (1888)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Bunga_Matahari_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga Matahari (serial Van Gogh)">Bunga Matahari (serial Van Gogh)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_painting_sunflowers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3116" data-file-height="2481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pelukis_Bunga_Matahari" title="Pelukis Bunga Matahari">Pelukis Bunga Matahari</a>: Potret Vincent van Gogh</i>, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>Setelah Gauguin menyatakan kesediaannya untuk berkunjung ke Arles pada tahun 1888, Van Gogh mengharapkan persahabatan dan perwujudan gagasan Van Gogh mengenai perkumpulan seniman. Sembari menunggu, pada bulan Agustus, ia melukis <i><a href="/wiki/Bunga_Matahari_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga Matahari (serial Van Gogh)">Bunga Matahari</a></i>. Saat Boch berkunjung lagi, Van Gogh membuat potret Boch serta lukisan <i>Penyair dengan Latar Belakang Langit Berbintang.</i><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Untuk mempersiapkan kunjungan Gauguin, Van Gogh membeli dua kasur atas saran dari seorang pengawas pos di stasiun yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Roulin_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluarga Roulin (serial Van Gogh)">Joseph Roulin</a>. Roulin dan keluarganya sendiri pernah <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Roulin_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluarga Roulin (serial Van Gogh)">dijadikan model</a> oleh Van Gogh. Kemudian, pada tanggal 17 September, ia melewati malam pertamanya di Rumah Kuning yang masih belum banyak diisi oleh perabotan.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah Gauguin mengabarkan bahwa ia bersedia untuk bekerja dan tinggal di Arles dengannya, Van Gogh mulai mengerjakan proyek <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9korasi_untuk_Rumah_Kuning" title="Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning">Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning</a></i> yang mungkin merupakan proyek paling ambisius yang pernah ia lakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorn1990_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorn1990-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia berhasil menyelesaikan dua lukisan kursi: <i>Kursi Van Gogh</i> dan <i>Kursi Gauguin.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984234–235_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984234–235-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah berulang kali dimohon oleh Van Gogh, Gauguin tiba di Arles pada tanggal 23 Oktober, dan mereka kemudian mulai melukis bersama pada bulan November. Gauguin menggambarkan Van Gogh dalam lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Pelukis_Bunga_Matahari" title="Pelukis Bunga Matahari">Pelukis Bunga Matahari</a></i> buatannya, sementara Van Gogh melukis gambar-gambar berdasarkan ingatannya, sesuai dengan saran dari Gauguin. Salah satu lukisan "imajinatif" tersebut adalah <i><a href="/wiki/Kenangan_Kebun_di_Etten_(Wanita-wanita_Arles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenangan Kebun di Etten (Wanita-wanita Arles)">Kenangan Kebun di Etten</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980374–376_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980374–376-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah itu, mereka untuk pertama kalinya membuat lukisan bersama-sama di luar rumah, tepatnya di <a href="/wiki/Alyscamps" title="Alyscamps">Alyscamps</a>, dan di situ mereka menghasilkan sepasang lukisan yang dijuluki <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Alyscamps" title="Les Alyscamps">Les Alyscamps</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford200661_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford200661-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu lukisan yang berhasil diselesaikan oleh Gauguin selama kunjungannya di Arles adalah lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Pelukis_Bunga_Matahari" title="Pelukis Bunga Matahari">Van Gogh Melukis Bunga Matahari</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh dan Gauguin juga mengunjungi kota <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> pada Desember 1888, dan di situ mereka menyaksikan karya-karya <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Courbet</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a> di <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fabre" title="Musée Fabre">Musée Fabre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984195_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984195-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, hubungan mereka mulai retak. Van Gogh mengagumi Gauguin dan ingin dianggap sebagai rekan sejawatnya, tetapi Gauguin bersikap arogan dan mendominasi, yang membuat Van Gogh merasa frustrasi. Mereka sering bertengkar, sementara Van Gogh semakin takut dengan kemungkinan bahwa Gauguin akan meninggalkannya. Permasalahan ini, yang digambarkan oleh Van Gogh sebagai "ketegangan yang berlebihan", dengan segera mencapai titik terburuknya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006274–277_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006274–277-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_(The_Night_Caf%C3%A9)_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kafe Malam, 1888. Galeri Seni Rupa Universitas Yale, New Haven, Connecticut"><img alt="Kafe Malam, 1888. Galeri Seni Rupa Universitas Yale, New Haven, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg/165px-Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg" decoding="async" width="165" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg/248px-Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg/330px-Le_caf%C3%A9_de_nuit_%28The_Night_Caf%C3%A9%29_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="7408" data-file-height="5848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Kafe_Malam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafe Malam">Kafe Malam</a></i>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Seni_Rupa_Universitas_Yale" title="Galeri Seni Rupa Universitas Yale">Galeri Seni Rupa Universitas Yale</a>, New Haven, Connecticut</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Red_vineyards.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebun Anggur Merah, November 1888. Museum Pushkin, Moskwa. Dijual kepada Anna Boch, 1890"><img alt="Kebun Anggur Merah, November 1888. Museum Pushkin, Moskwa. Dijual kepada Anna Boch, 1890" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_vineyards.jpg/165px-Red_vineyards.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_vineyards.jpg/248px-Red_vineyards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_vineyards.jpg/330px-Red_vineyards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Kebun_Anggur_Merah" title="Kebun Anggur Merah">Kebun Anggur Merah</a></i>, November 1888. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Pushkin" title="Museum Pushkin">Museum Pushkin</a>, Moskwa. Dijual kepada <a href="/wiki/Anna_Boch" title="Anna Boch">Anna Boch</a>, 1890</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kursi Van Gogh, 1888. Galeri Nasional, London"><img alt="Kursi Van Gogh, 1888. Galeri Nasional, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg/129px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg/193px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg/257px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_138.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4678" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Kursi_Van_Gogh" title="Kursi Van Gogh">Kursi Van Gogh</a></i>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Galeri Nasional">Galeri Nasional</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kursi Berlengan Paul Gauguin, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Kursi Berlengan Paul Gauguin, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/132px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/198px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/264px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_stoel_van_Gauguin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kursi Berlengan Paul Gauguin</i>, 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles_(Desember_1888)"><span id="Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles_.28Desember_1888.29"></span>Rumah Sakit di Arles (Desember 1888)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Sakit_di_Arles" title="Rumah Sakit di Arles">Rumah Sakit di Arles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_(Arles)_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg/220px-Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg/330px-Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg/440px-Le_Forum_R%C3%A9publicain_%28Arles%29_-_30_December_1888_-_Vincent_van_Gogh_ear_incident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Laporan surat kabar setempat tertanggal 30 Desember 1888 yang melaporkan tindakan mutilasi diri Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980380–382_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980380–382-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Urutan kronologis peristiwa yang membuat Van Gogh memotong telinganya sendiri tidak diketahui secara pasti. Gauguin mengklaim <i>lima belas tahun</i> sesudah peristiwa ini bahwa insiden tersebut terjadi setelah kemunculan perilaku-perilaku yang mengancam secara <a href="/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik">fisik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198966_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198966-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hubungan mereka rumit, dan Theo mungkin berutang kepada Gauguin, sehingga Gauguin merasa curiga bahwa kedua kakak beradik tersebut sedang memanfaatkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kemungkinan Van Gogh sadar bahwa Gauguin berencana untuk meninggalkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan">Hujan</a> deras turun pada hari-hari berikutnya, dan akibatnya mereka berdua tidak meninggalkan Rumah Kuning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gauguin melaporkan bahwa ketika ia keluar rumah hanya untuk berjalan kaki, Van Gogh mengikutinya dan "bergegas menuju diriku, dengan pisau cukur yang terbuka di tangannya".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pernyataan tersebut tidak didukung oleh bukti;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman19901_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman19901-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gauguin hampir pasti tidak berada di Rumah Kuning pada malam itu dan kemungkinan bermalam di sebuah hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah bertengkar dengan Gauguin, Van Gogh kembali ke kamarnya, dan di situ ia mengalami halusinasi pendengaran hingga akhirnya ia memotong telinga kirinya sendiri dengan sebuah pisau cukur (secara keseluruhan atau sebagian, tergantung sumbernya),<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sehingga mengakibatkan pendarahan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia membalut lukanya, membungkus telinga yang telah diputus dengan kertas, dan lalu mengirimkannya kepada seorang perempuan di rumah bordil yang sering dikunjungi oleh Van Gogh dan Gauguin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh ditemukan dalam keadaan tak sadarkan diri pada keesokan paginya oleh seorang polisi dan lalu ia dibawa ke rumah sakit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002235_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002235-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006277_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006277-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di situ ia dirawat oleh Félix Rey, seorang dokter muda yang masih menjalani pelatihan. Telinga yang diputus dikirim ke rumah sakit, tetapi Rey tak dapat menyatukannya kembali karena sudah terlambat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh sama sekali tak mengingat kejadian tersebut, sehingga kemungkinan besar ia mengalami <a href="/wiki/Kekalutan_mental" title="Kekalutan mental">kekalutan mental</a> yang akut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011707–708_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011707–708-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rumah sakit menjatuhkan diagnosis "<a href="/wiki/Mania" title="Mania">mania</a> akut dengan <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a> umum",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011249_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011249-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan dalam waktu beberapa hari, kepolisian setempat memerintahkan agar ia tetap dirawat di rumah sakit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation&#93;_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation]-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002237_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002237-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gauguin langsung memberitahukan Theo mengenai peristiwa ini, padahal Theo baru saja melamar saudara perempuan <a href="/wiki/Andries_Bonger" title="Andries Bonger">Andries Bonger</a> (teman lama Theo) yang bernama Johanna pada tanggal 24 Desember.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald198637_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald198637-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Theo kemudian bergegas ke stasiun untuk menumpangi kereta malam menuju Arles. Ia tiba pada Hari Natal dan mencoba menenangkan Vincent yang tampak setengah sadar. Pada sore harinya, Theo meninggalkan Arles dan kembali ke Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011704–705_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011704–705-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada hari-hari pertama pengobatannya, Van Gogh berulang kali meminta dipertemukan dengan Gauguin, tetapi permintaan ini tidak dikabulkan. Gauguin lalu berkata kepada seorang polisi yang mengurus perkaranya untuk "berbaik hati, <i>Monsieur</i>, dengan membangunkan laki-laki ini dengan penuh perhatian, dan jika ia ingin bertemu denganku katakan kepadanya bahwa aku sudah berangkat ke Paris; jika ia melihat saya, bisa berakibat fatal baginya."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006284_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006284-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gauguin melarikan diri dari Arles dan tak pernah bertemu dengan Van Gogh lagi. Namun demikian, mereka masih saling mengirimkan surat, dan pada tahun 1890 Gauguin mengusulkan agar mereka mendirikan sebuah studio di Antwerpen. Meskipun tidak sempat bertemu lagi dengan Gauguin, masih ada orang lain yang membesuknya di rumah sakit, termasuk Marie Ginoux dan Roulin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walaupun ia memperoleh diagnosis yang bernada pesimis, Van Gogh berhasil pulih dan akhirnya pulang ke Rumah Kuning pada tanggal 7 Januari 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011713_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011713-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Akan tetapi, ia masih mengalami halusinasi dan <a href="/wiki/Delusi" title="Delusi">waham</a> yang membuatnya merasa keracunan, sehingga ia beberapa kali pergi ke rumah sakit selama satu bulan berikutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990298–300_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990298–300-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Maret, kepolisian memutuskan untuk menutup rumahnya setelah menerima petisi dari 30 warga (termasuk keluarga Ginoux) yang menyebutnya "<i>le fou roux</i>" (orang gila berambut merah);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation&#93;_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation]-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh pun kembali ke rumah sakit. Paul Signac mengunjunginya dua kali pada bulan Maret;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990300_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990300-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> pada bulan April, Van Gogh pindah ke kamar yang dimiliki oleh Dr Rey setelah banjir merusak lukisan-lukisan Van Gogh di rumahnya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dua bulan kemudian, ia meninggalkan Arles dan secara sukarela masuk ke rumah sakit jiwa di <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>. Pada masa tersebut, ia menulis: "Kadang-kadang [aku] merasakan penderitaan yang tak dapat dijelaskan, kadang-kadang [muncul] momen ketika tirai waktu dan takdir kenyataan seolah hancur dalam sekejap."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990145_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990145-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh memberikan lukisan <i>Potret Dokter Félix Rey</i> yang dibuat olehnya pada tahun 1889 kepada Dr Rey. Sang dokter tidak menyukai lukisan tersebut dan memakainya untuk memperbaiki kandang ayam, dan lalu ia memutuskan untuk memberikannya kepada orang lain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2016, potret tersebut disimpan di <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Murni_Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Seni Rupa Murni Pushkin">Museum Seni Rupa Murni Pushkin</a> dan nilainya diperkirakan melebihi $50 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban dan Pipa, 1889, koleksi pribadi"><img alt="Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban dan Pipa, 1889, koleksi pribadi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg/177px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg/265px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg/353px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_106.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban dan Pipa</i>, 1889, koleksi pribadi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halaman Rumah Sakit di Arles, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart &quot;Am Römerholz&quot;, Winterthur, Swiss"><img alt="Halaman Rumah Sakit di Arles, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart &quot;Am Römerholz&quot;, Winterthur, Swiss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg/200px-Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg/300px-Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg/400px-Van_Gogh_-_Garten_des_Hospitals_in_Arles1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="3084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Halaman Rumah Sakit di Arles</i>, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart "<a href="/wiki/Am_R%C3%B6merholz" title="Am Römerholz">Am Römerholz</a>", <a href="/wiki/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a>, Swiss</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_(1889,_Courtauld_Institute).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban, 1889, Institut Seni Rupa Courtauld, London"><img alt="Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban, 1889, Institut Seni Rupa Courtauld, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg/164px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg/247px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg/329px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_bandaged_ear_%281889%2C_Courtauld_Institute%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3083" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Diri dengan Telinga Diperban</i>, 1889, <a href="/wiki/Institut_Seni_Rupa_Courtauld" title="Institut Seni Rupa Courtauld">Institut Seni Rupa Courtauld</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_(F500).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Dokter Félix Rey"><img alt="Potret Dokter Félix Rey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg/165px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg/248px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg/331px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Doctor_F%C3%A9lix_Rey_%28F500%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8279" data-file-height="10004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Dokter Félix Rey</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangsal di Rumah Sakit di Arles, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart &quot;Am Römerholz&quot;, Winterthur, Swiss"><img alt="Bangsal di Rumah Sakit di Arles, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart &quot;Am Römerholz&quot;, Winterthur, Swiss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg/200px-Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg/300px-Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg/400px-Ward_in_the_Hospital_in_Arles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Bangsal di Rumah Sakit di Arles</i>, 1889, Koleksi Oskar Reinhart "Am Römerholz", Winterthur, Swiss</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saint-Rémy_(Mei_1889_–_Mei_1890)"><span id="Saint-R.C3.A9my_.28Mei_1889_.E2.80.93_Mei_1890.29"></span>Saint-Rémy (Mei 1889&#160;– Mei 1890)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Sakit_Jiwa_Saint-Paul,_Saint-R%C3%A9my_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Rumah Sakit Jiwa Saint-Paul, Saint-Rémy (serial Van Gogh)">Rumah Sakit Jiwa Saint-Paul, Saint-Rémy (serial Van Gogh)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/290px-Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/435px-Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/580px-Van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="23756" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Malam_Berbintang" title="Malam Berbintang">Malam Berbintang</a></i>, Juni 1889. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Seni Rupa Modern">Museum Seni Rupa Modern</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh masuk rumah sakit jiwa <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Sakit_Jiwa_Saint-Paul,_Saint-R%C3%A9my_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Rumah Sakit Jiwa Saint-Paul, Saint-Rémy (serial Van Gogh)">Saint-Paul-de-Mausole</a> pada tanggal 8 Mei 1889 dengan ditemani oleh perawatnya, Frédéric Salles, seorang rohaniwan Protestan. Rumah sakit jiwa tersebut merupakan bekas biara yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a> yang berjarak kurang dari 30&#160;km dari Arles, dan dikelola oleh bekas dokter angkatan laut, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_Peyron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Théophile Peyron (halaman belum tersedia)">Théophile Peyron</a>. Van Gogh memiliki dua sel dengan jendela berjeruji, dan salah satu selnya ia jadikan sebuah studio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990246_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990246-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rumah sakit dan <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Sakit_Jiwa_Saint-Paul,_Saint-R%C3%A9my_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Rumah Sakit Jiwa Saint-Paul, Saint-Rémy (serial Van Gogh)">kebunnya</a> menjadi subjek utama lukisan-lukisannya. Ia juga membuat lukisan-lukisan yang menggambarkan bagian dalam rumah sakit tersebut, seperti <i>Ruang Depan Rumah Sakit Jiwa </i> dan <i>Saint-Rémy (September 1889)</i>. Beberapa karyanya dari masa ini memiliki ciri khas berupa pola <a href="/wiki/Spiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral">spiral</a> atau melingkar, seperti yang dapat dilihat dalam lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Malam_Berbintang" title="Malam Berbintang">Malam Berbintang</a></i>. Ia diperbolehkan berkeliling untuk waktu yang singkat dengan ditemani seseorang, dan pada saat-saat itu ia melukis pohon <a href="/wiki/Cupressus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupressus">sanobar</a> dan zaitun, sehingga dihasilkanlah beberapa karya seperti <a href="/wiki/Pohon_Zaitun_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)"><i>Pohon Zaitun dengan Pegunungan Alpilles di Latar Belakang 1889,</i></a> <i>Pohon Sanobar 1889,</i> <i>Ladang Jagung dengan Pohon Sanobar</i> (1889), dan <i>Jalan Desa di Provence pada Malam Hari</i> (1890). Pada September 1889, ia membuat dua versi baru lukisan <i>Kamar Tidur di Arles</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984102–103_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984102–103-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akibat hidupnya yang terkungkung di kompleks rumah sakit jiwa, Van Gogh kekurangan bahan lukisan. Maka dari itu, ia membuat <a href="/wiki/Salinan_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Salinan karya Vincent van Gogh">tafsiran lukisan seniman-seniman lainnya</a>, seperti lukisan <i>Sang Penabur</i> dan <i>Peristirahatan Siang Hari</i> karya <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Millet</a>, serta variasi karya-karya sebelumnya yang pernah ia buat. Van Gogh mengagumi gaya <a href="/wiki/Realisme_(seni_rupa)" title="Realisme (seni rupa)">realisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton">Jules Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> dan Millet,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199023_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199023-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan ia membandingkan apa yang ia lakukan dengan seorang musisi yang menafsirkan karya-karya <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986154–157_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986154–157-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lukisan <i>Putaran Para Tahanan</i> (1890) yang ia buat didasarkan pada salah satu seni <a href="/wiki/Gravir" title="Gravir">gravir</a> karya <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a> (1832–1883). Tralbaut berpendapat bahwa wajah tahanan di bagian tengah lukisan yang menatap ke arah penyimak adalah Van Gogh sendiri,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981286_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981286-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hulsker" title="Jan Hulsker">Jan Hulsker</a> menolak klaim ini akibat kurangnya bukti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990434_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990434-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dari Februari hingga April 1890, gangguan kejiwaan Van Gogh kembali kambuh. Ia merasa depresi dan tak mampu menulis, tetapi ia masih dapat melukis dan sedikit menggambar pada masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia kemudian menulis kepada Theo bahwa ia membuat beberapa lukisan kecil "berdasarkan ingatan&#160;... <a href="/wiki/Rumah_di_Auvers#.22Ingatan_di_Utara.22" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah di Auvers">kenangan di utara</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863&#93;_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863]-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salah satu diantaranya adalah <i>Dua Petani Wanita Menggali di Sebuah Ladang yang Diselimuti Salju saat Matahari Terbenam</i>. Hulsker meyakini bahwa lukisan-lukisan ini merupakan lukisan-lukisan inti dari banyak gambar dan lembar studi yang ia kerjakan pada masa itu. Hulsker juga berkomentar bahwa masa pendek tersebut adalah satu-satunya masa ketika penyakit kejiwaan yang diidap oleh Van Gogh berdampak besar terhadap pekerjaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990390,_404_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990390,_404-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, Van Gogh meminta ibunya dan adiknya untuk mengirimkan gambar-gambar dan karya yang masih dalam bentuk kasar yang pernah ia buat pada awal tahun 1880-an agar ia dapat mengerjakan lukisan-lukisan baru dari sketsa-sketsa lamanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978326–329_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978326–329-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salah satu karya buatannya pada masa ini adalah <i><a href="/wiki/Di_Gerbang_Keabadian" title="Di Gerbang Keabadian">Pria Tua yang Bersedih ("Di Gerbang Keabadian")</a></i>, sebuah studi warna yang Hulsker sebut sebagai "kenangan lainnya akan masa lampau".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lukisan-lukisan berikutnya menampilkan seorang seniman pada puncak performanya yang "merindukan keringkasan dan keanggunan", seperti yang dikatakan oleh kritikus seni <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(kritikus)" title="Robert Hughes (kritikus)">Robert Hughes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Putaran Para Tahanan (berdasarkan karya Doré), 1890. Museum Pushkin, Moskwa"><img alt="Putaran Para Tahanan (berdasarkan karya Doré), 1890. Museum Pushkin, Moskwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg/157px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg/235px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg/314px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Putaran Para Tahanan</i> (berdasarkan karya <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Doré</a>), 1890. Museum Pushkin, Moskwa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Sower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sang Penabur (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo"><img alt="Sang Penabur (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Sower.jpg/200px-The_Sower.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Sower.jpg/300px-The_Sower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Sower.jpg/400px-The_Sower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Sang Penabur</i> (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dua Petani Wanita Menggali di Sebuah Ladang yang Diselimuti Salju saat Matahari Terbenam (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1890. Koleksi Yayasan E.G. Bührle, Zurich, Swiss"><img alt="Dua Petani Wanita Menggali di Sebuah Ladang yang Diselimuti Salju saat Matahari Terbenam (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1890. Koleksi Yayasan E.G. Bührle, Zurich, Swiss" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg/200px-Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg/300px-Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg/400px-Van_Gogh_-_Zwei_grabende_B%C3%A4uerinnen_auf_schneebedecktem_Feld.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Salinan_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Salinan karya Vincent van Gogh">Dua Petani Wanita Menggali di Sebuah Ladang yang Diselimuti Salju saat Matahari Terbenam</a></i> (berdasarkan karya Millet), 1890. <a href="/wiki/Yayasan_E.G._B%C3%BChrle" title="Yayasan E.G. Bührle">Koleksi Yayasan E.G. Bührle</a>, Zurich, Swiss</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pria Tua yang Bersedih (&#39;Di Gerbang Keabadian&#39;), 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo [90]"><img alt="Pria Tua yang Bersedih (&#39;Di Gerbang Keabadian&#39;), 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo [90]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg/156px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg/234px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg/312px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1611" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Di_Gerbang_Keabadian" title="Di Gerbang Keabadian">Pria Tua yang Bersedih ('Di Gerbang Keabadian')</a></i>, 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Aurier" title="Albert Aurier">Albert Aurier</a> memuji karya Van Gogh dalam majalah <i><a href="/wiki/Mercure_de_France" title="Mercure de France">Mercure de France</a></i> pada Januari 1890, dan menyebutnya sebagai "seorang jenius".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986Appendix_III,_310–315_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986Appendix_III,_310–315-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada bulan Februari, Van Gogh membuat lima versi baru lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(lukisan)" title="L&#39;Arlésienne (lukisan)">L'Arlésienne</a> (Madame Ginoux)</i>, yang didasarkan pada sketsa arang yang Gauguin buat saat Madame Ginoux duduk di hadapan Van Gogh dan Gauguin pada November 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986175–177_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986175–177-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kemudian, pada bulan Februari, Van Gogh diundang oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Les_XX" title="Les XX">Les XX</a></i> (sebuah perkumpulan para pelukis <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> di Brussel) untuk ikut serta dalam <a href="/wiki/Pameran_Vincent_van_Gogh_di_Les_XX,_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Pameran Vincent van Gogh di Les XX, 1890">pameran tahunan mereka</a>. Namun, selama acara makan malam pembukaan, salah satu anggota <i>Les XX</i> yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Groux" title="Henry de Groux">Henry de Groux</a> menghina karya Van Gogh. Toulouse-Lautrec menuntut permohonan maaf, dan Signac dengan lantang menyatakan bahwa ia akan terus mempertahankan kehormatan Van Gogh apabila Lautrec memutuskan untuk menyerah. De Groux meminta maaf atas perbuatannya dan meninggalkan kelompok tersebut. Belakangan, saat lukisan Van Gogh dipamerkan di <i>Artistes Indépendants</i>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> berkata bahwa karya Van Gogh adalah karya terbaik di acara tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978346–347,_348–350_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978346–347,_348–350-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah kelahiran keponakannya, Van Gogh menulis, "Aku langsung membuatkan gambar untuknya, untuk digantung di kamar tidur mereka, cabang-cabang <a href="/wiki/Almond_Bermekaran" title="Almond Bermekaran">pohon almond yang bermekaran</a> dengan latar belakang langit biru."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981293_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981293-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Auvers-sur-Oise_(Mei–Juli_1890)"><span id="Auvers-sur-Oise_.28Mei.E2.80.93Juli_1890.29"></span>Auvers-sur-Oise (Mei–Juli 1890)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Rumah-Rumah_di_Auvers" title="Rumah-Rumah di Auvers">Rumah-Rumah di Auvers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Whitehousenight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitehousenight.jpg/220px-Whitehousenight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitehousenight.jpg/330px-Whitehousenight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Whitehousenight.jpg/440px-Whitehousenight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12682" data-file-height="10528" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rumah_Putih_pada_Malam_Hari" title="Rumah Putih pada Malam Hari">Rumah Putih pada Malam Hari</a></i>, 1890. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Hermitage" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Hermitage">Museum Hermitage</a>, St Petersburg, yang dilukis enam pekan sebelum kematian Van Gogh</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada Mei 1890, Van Gogh meninggalkan Saint-Rémy dan pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Auvers-sur-Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvers-sur-Oise">Auvers-sur-Oise</a> agar lebih dekat dengan <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gachet" title="Paul Gachet">Dr Paul Gachet</a> dan Theo. Dr Gachet juga merupakan seorang pelukis amatir dan telah merawat beberapa seniman lainnya – sang dokter sendiri direkomendasikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>. Setelah bertemu dengan Gachet untuk pertama kalinya, ia merasa bahwa sang dokter "tampaknya lebih sakit daripada aku, atau katakanlah sama sakitnya."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM20/letter.html_Letter_RM20&#93;_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM20/letter.html_Letter_RM20]-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_(F816).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Tree_Roots_and_Trunks_%28F816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Akar-Akar_Pohon" title="Akar-Akar Pohon">Akar-Akar Pohon</a>,</i> Juli 1890, Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p>Pelukis <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Daubigny" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François Daubigny">Charles Daubigny</a> pindah ke Auvers pada tahun 1861, dan kehadirannya membuat seniman-seniman lain berdatangan, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Camille Corot</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a>. Pada Juli 1890, Van Gogh menyelesaikan dua lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Kebun_Daubigny" title="Kebun Daubigny">Kebun Daubigny</a></i>, dan salah satunya mungkin merupakan karya terakhirnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise,_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_The_Church_in_Auvers-sur-Oise%2C_View_from_the_Chevet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="4433" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Gereja_di_Auvers" title="Gereja di Auvers">Gereja di Auvers</a></i>, 1890. Musée d'Orsay, Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada minggu-minggu terakhirnya di Saint-Rémy, ia kembali teringat akan "<a href="/wiki/Rumah_di_Auvers#.22Kenangan-kenangan_Utara.22" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah di Auvers">kenangan-kenangan utara</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863&#93;_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863]-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dari antara sekitar 70 lukisan minyak yang dibuat pada masa-masanya di Auvers-sur-Oise, terdapat beberapa lukisan yang menjadi kenangan akan pemandangan-pemandangan di utara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenblum197598–100_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblum197598–100-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Juni 1890, ia melukis beberapa <a href="/wiki/Potret_Dr._Gachet" title="Potret Dr. Gachet">potret dokternya</a> dan satu-satunya karya <a href="/wiki/Etsa" title="Etsa">etsa</a> buatannya. Dalam lukisan-lukisan Gachet, ia berupaya menegaskan unsur melankolik pada pribadi sang dokter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994640_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994640-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terdapat lukisan-lukisan lainnya yang mungkin belum selesai, seperti misalnya <i><a href="/wiki/Lahan_Tani_di_Dekat_Auvers_(Van_Gogh)" title="Lahan Tani di Dekat Auvers (Van Gogh)">Gubuk-Gubuk yang Beratapkan Jerami di Kaki Bukit</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada bulan Juli, Van Gogh menulis bahwa ia merasa hanyut "dalam hamparan luas dengan perbukitan di latar belakang, [yang] tak terbatas seperti laut, [dengan] warna kuning yang lembut".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia pertama kali merasa terkesima dengan ladang gandum pada bulan Mei, ketika gandumnya masih muda dan kehijauan. Pada bulan Juli, ia menjelaskan kepada Theo perihal "ladang gandum yang luas di bawah langit yang bergolak".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html_Letter_898&#93;_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html_Letter_898]-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ia menulis dalam suratnya kepada Theo bahwa semua hal ini melambangkan "kesedihan" dan "kesendirian yang amat mendalam" dalam dirinya, dan ia juga mengaku bahwa "kanvas-kanvas akan memberitahukan kepadamu apa yang tak bisa aku ungkapkan dalam kata-kata, bagaimana saya merasa pedesaan itu menyehatkan dan menyegarkan".<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Walaupun bukan lukisan minyak terakhir yang ia buat, lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_dengan_Gagak-gagak" title="Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak">Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak</a></i> diselesaikan pada Juli 1890, dan Hulsker merasa bahwa lukisan ini terkait dengan "melankoli dan kesendirian yang amat mendalam".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hulsker kemudian mengidentifikasikan tujuh lukisan minyak dari Auvers yang dibuat setelah lukisan <i>Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak</i> dituntaskan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990472–480_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990472–480-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kematian">Kematian</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Auberge_Ravoux" title="Auberge Ravoux">Auberge Ravoux</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg/220px-Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg/330px-Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg/440px-Vincent-van-gogh-echo-pontoisien-august7-1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Artikel tentang kematian Vincent dalam surat kabar <i>L'Écho Pontoisien</i> edisi 7 Agustus 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tanggal 27 Juli 1890, saat berumur 37 tahun, Vincent Van Gogh menembaki dadanya sendiri dengan menggunakan sepucuk <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casimir_Lefaucheux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Casimir Lefaucheux (halaman belum tersedia)">Lefaucheux</a> à broche 7mm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990342–343_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990342–343-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tidak ada saksi mata pada saat kejadian berlangsung, dan ia meninggal dunia 30 jam kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_169-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peristiwa penembakan ini mungkin terjadi di ladang gandum tempat ia melukis, atau di sebuah bangsal ternak setempat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994669_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994669-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arah peluru sedikit melenceng akibat membentur salah satu tulang rusuknya sehingga menembusi dadanya tanpa merusak organ-organ dalam, tetapi mungkin tertahan di tulang rusuknya. Ia masih sanggup berjalan pulang ke <a href="/wiki/Auberge_Ravoux" title="Auberge Ravoux">Auberge Ravoux</a>, tempat ia kemudian diobati oleh dua orang dokter; namun tanpa penanganan seorang ahli bedah, peluru yang bersarang di tubuhnya mustahil dapat dikeluarkan. Kedua dokter itu memberi perawatan semampu mereka, lalu meninggalkan Vincent beristirahat seorang diri di dalam kamar sambil mengisap pipa tembakau. Pada pagi hari berikutnya, Theo buru-buru datang menjenguk Vincent, tetapi justru mendapati kakaknya itu dalam keadaan riang gembira. Akan tetapi beberapa jam kemudian tubuh Vincent mulai melemah karena luka tembakan di tubuhnya mengalami infeksi. Ia menghembuskan nafas terakhir pada dini hari tanggal 29 Juli. Menurut keterangan Theo, ucapan terakhir Vincent adalah: "Kesedihan akan kekal selama-lamanya".<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TvGletter_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TvGletter-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg/220px-Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg/330px-Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg/440px-Graves_of_Vincent_and_Th%C3%A9odore_Van_Gogh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="1269" /></a><figcaption>Makam Vincent dan Theo di tanah pemakaman <a href="/wiki/Auvers-sur-Oise" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvers-sur-Oise">Auvers-sur-Oise</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jenazah Vincent Van Gogh dimakamkan pada 30 Juli, di tanah pemakaman Auvers-sur-Oise. Upacara pemakamannya dihadiri oleh dua puluh orang kerabat, sahabat, dan warga setempat, termasuk Theo van Gogh, <a href="/wiki/Andries_Bonger" title="Andries Bonger">Andries Bonger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laval" title="Charles Laval">Charles Laval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Pissarro" title="Lucien Pissarro">Lucien Pissarro</a>, Émile Bernard, Julien Tanguy, dan Paul Gachet. Theo sendiri sebenarnya sedang sakit, dan kesehatannya semakin terganggu sepeninggal kakaknya. Akibat kondisi tubuh yang lemah dan dukacita mendalam karena ditinggal mati kakaknya, Theo akhirnya meninggal dunia pada 25 Januari 1891 di <a href="/wiki/Den_Dolder" title="Den Dolder">Den Dolder</a>, dan dimakamkan di Utrecht.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1914, <a href="/wiki/Johanna_van_Gogh-Bonger" title="Johanna van Gogh-Bonger">Johanna van Gogh-Bonger</a> mengeluarkan jenazah Theo dari makamnya di Utrecht untuk dimakamkan kembali di tanah pemakaman Auvers-sur-Oise, tepat di sebelah makam Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990367_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990367-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hakikat dari gangguan kesehatan yang diderita Van Gogh serta dampaknya terhadap karya-karyanya sudah banyak diperdebatkan, dan ada banyak pula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagnosis_retrospektif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagnosis retrospektif (halaman belum tersedia)">diagnosis retrospektif</a> yang dikemukakan. Menurut kesepakatan umum, Vincent Van Gogh mengidap gangguan jiwa yang bersifat episodik (adakalanya kambuh dan adakalanya normal).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold2004_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold2004-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Isabella H. Perry adalah orang pertama yang berpendapat (pada tahun 1947) bahwa Vincent Van Gogh mengidap <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_bipolar" title="Gangguan bipolar">gangguan bipolar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry1947_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry1947-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pendapatnya ini telah didukung oleh para psikiater, yakni oleh R. E. Hemphill dan Dietrich Blumer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHemphill1961_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemphill1961-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun demikian, pendapat ini telah disanggah oleh ahli biokimia, Wilfred Arnold, yang beranggapan bahwa gejala-gejala pada diri Vincent lebih bersuaian dengan gangguan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porfiria_intermiten_akut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Porfiria intermiten akut (halaman belum tersedia)">porfiria intermiten akut</a>, dan berpendapat bahwa penyangkutpautan gangguan bipolar dengan kreativitas, sebagaimana yang banyak dilakukan orang, mungkin saja menyesatkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold2004_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold2004-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epilepsi_lobus_temporalis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Epilepsi lobus temporalis (halaman belum tersedia)">Epilepsi lobus temporalis</a> disertai masa-masa depresi yang berlangsung singkat juga pernah dikemukakan sebagai gangguan kesehatan yang diderita Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Apa pun diagnosisnya, kondisi kesehatan Vincent agaknya kian diperburuk oleh malagizi, bekerja melampaui batas, insomnia, dan alkohol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaya_dan_karya">Gaya dan karya</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengembangan_artistik">Pengembangan artistik</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4331" data-file-height="3346" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Malam_Berbintang_di_Atas_Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Malam Berbintang di Atas Rhone">Malam Berbintang di Atas Rhone</a></i>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d&#39;Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh pernah menggambar dan melukis dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Cat_air" title="Cat air">cat air</a> saat masih di sekolah, tetapi hanya beberapa contoh yang masih ada saat ini dan sebagian dari antaranya diklaim bukan sebagai karya Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Heugten1996246–251_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Heugten1996246–251-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah ia mulai menekuni bidang kesenian, ia harus merangkak dari tingkat yang paling dasar. Pada awal tahun 1882, pamannya, Cornelis Marinus, pemilik sebuah galeri seni yang terkenal di Amsterdam, meminta agar Van Gogh membuat lukisan kota Den Haag. Karya Van Gogh tidak memenuhi ekspektasi pamannya. Marinus memberikan kesempatan kedua dan merincikan subjek-subjeknya secara detail, tetapi lagi-lagi kecewa dengan hasilnya. Walaupun begitu, Van Gogh tetap gigih; ia mencoba mengubah pencahayaan di studionya dengan menggunakan beragam alat pengatur cahaya, dan ia juga memakai bahan-bahan yang berbeda. Selama lebih dari setahun, ia melakukan studi yang sangat mendalam hanya dengan menggunakan warna hitam-putih,<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> tetapi pada masa itu karya-karyanya yang ini hanya menuai kritikan. Kelak karya-karya tersebut diakui sebagai adikarya-adikarya pertama yang ia buat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornKeyes2000_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornKeyes2000-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Agustus 1882, Theo memberikan uang kepada Vincent untuk membeli bahan-bahan yang diperlukan untuk bekerja <i><a href="/wiki/En_plein_air" title="En plein air">en plein air</a></i> (di luar ruangan). Vincent menulis kepada Theo bahwa ia sekarang "melukis dengan semangat baru".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let253/letter.html_Letter_253&#93;_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let253/letter.html_Letter_253]-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Semenjak awal 1883, ia mulai mengerjakan komposisi-komposisi multifigur. Ia memfoto beberapa di antaranya, tetapi saat adiknya berkomentar bahwa komposisi-komposisi ini kurang terlihat hidup, ia menghancurkannya dan beralih ke lukisan minyak. Van Gogh mencoba belajar dari para seniman <a href="/wiki/Aliran_Den_Haag" title="Aliran Den Haag">Aliran Den Haag</a> yang terkenal seperti <a href="/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Weissenbruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan Hendrik Weissenbruch">Weissenbruch</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Blommers" title="Bernard Blommers">Blommers</a>, dan mendapatkan nasihat-nasihat yang bersifat teknis dari mereka, serta dari pelukis-pelukis seperti <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Bock" title="Théophile de Bock">De Bock</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Herman_Johannes_van_der_Weele" title="Herman Johannes van der Weele">Van der Weele</a> yang merupakan generasi kedua Aliran Den Haag.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah pindah ke Nuenen, ia mulai membuat beberapa lukisan besar, tetapi ia lalu memutuskan untuk menghancurkan sebagian besar karya-karya tersebut. Dari antara lukisan-lukisan ini, hanya lukisan <i>Pemakan Kentang</i> dan karya-karya yang menyertainya yang masih bertahan hingga kini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kemudian, seusai lawatannya ke <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a>, Van Gogh menulis bagaimana ia mengagumi goresan kuas yang irit dan cepat dari <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_Zaman_Keemasan_Belanda" title="Lukisan Zaman Keemasan Belanda">pelukis-pelukis terbesar Belanda</a>, khususnya <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Frans_Hals" title="Frans Hals">Frans Hals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html_Letter_535&#93;_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html_Letter_535]-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia menyadari bahwa kelemahannya dalam melukis diakibatkan oleh kurangnya pengalaman dan keahlian teknis,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sehingga pada November 1885, ia berkunjung ke Antwerpen dan kemudian Paris untuk mengembangkan keterampilannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994708_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994708-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg/220px-Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg/330px-Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg/440px-Van_Gogh_The_Olive_Trees..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3580" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pohon_Zaitun_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)">Pohon-pohon Zaitun dengan Perbukitan Alpilles di Latar Belakang</a></i>, 1889. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Theo mengkritik lukisan <i>Pemakan Kentang</i> karena paletnya menggunakan warna-warna gelap, yang ia anggap tak sesuai dengan gaya modern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada saat Van Gogh tinggal di Paris dari tahun 1886 hingga 1887, ia berusaha untuk menguasai palet yang baru dengan warna yang lebih cerah. <i><a href="/wiki/Potret_P%C3%A8re_Tanguy" title="Potret Père Tanguy">Potret Père Tanguy</a></i> (1887) buatannya menunjukkan keberhasilannya dengan palet yang lebih cerah dan merupakan bukti bahwa ia telah mengembangkan gayanya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018–19_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018–19-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Risalah buatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Blanc&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Blanc (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles Blanc</a> mengenai penggunaan warna sangat memengaruhi gaya Van Gogh dan membuatnya berkarya dengan warna-warna komplementer. Van Gogh kemudian mulai meyakini bahwa dampak warna lebih dari sekadar unsur deskriptif; ia menulis bahwa "warna mengekspresikan sesuatu dalam warna itu sendiri".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988666_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund1988666-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let537/letter.html_Letter_537&#93;_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let537/letter.html_Letter_537]-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut Hughes, Van Gogh menganggap warna sebagai sesuatu yang mengandung "beban psikologis dan moral", seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh warna merah dan hijau dalam lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Kafe_Malam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafe Malam">Kafe Malam</a></i>, ketika ia ingin "mengungkapkan gairah-gairah buruk kemanusiaan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20027_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20027-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kuning merupakan warna yang paling penting baginya, karena dianggap melambangkan kebenaran emosional. Ia memakai warna kuning sebagai simbol sinar matahari, kehidupan dan Tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200211_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200211-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh berusaha keras untuk menjadi pelukis kehidupan dan alam di pedesaan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981232_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981232-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pada musim panas pertamanya di Arles, ia menggunakan palet barunya untuk melukis pemandangan dan kehidupan pedesaan tradisional.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199020_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199020-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia percaya akan adanya suatu kekuatan di balik alam, sehingga ia berupaya untuk menangkap perasaan dari kekuatan tersebut atau esensi alam di dalam karya-karyanya, terkadang melalui penggunaan simbol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lukisan penabur yang ia buat (awalnya disalin dari lukisan <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Jean-François Millet</a>) melambangkan keyakinan agama Van Gogh: penabur seperti Kristus yang sedang menaburkan kehidupan di bawah panasnya matahari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988668_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund1988668-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia sering kali mencoba mengerjakan ulang dan mengembangkan tema semacam ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981236_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981236-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, lukisan-lukisan bunga buatannya dipenuhi dengan simbolisme, dan ia membuat sendiri simbol-simbolnya ketimbang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Ikonografi" title="Ikonografi">ikonografi</a> Kristen tradisional. Dalam simbolisme ini, kehidupan dihidupi di bawah matahari dan kerja merupakan alegori kehidupan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200212_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200212-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Arles, ia memperoleh kepercayaan diri setelah melukis kembang-kembang musim semi dan belajar menangkap pencahayaan matahari di lukisannya, sehingga ia merasa siap untuk membuat lukisan <i>Sang Penabur</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988666_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund1988666-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg/220px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg/330px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg/440px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_098.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5098" data-file-height="4001" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Kenangan_Taman_di_Etten_(Para_Wanita_Arles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenangan Taman di Etten (Para Wanita Arles)">Kenangan Taman di Etten (Para Wanita Arles)</a></i>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Museum_Hermitage" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Hermitage">Museum Hermitage</a>, St Petersburg</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh menulis bahwa ia memakai "samaran berupa kenyataan",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan mengkritik karya-karya yang gayanya terlalu berlebihan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia kemudian menulis bahwa abstraksi dalam lukisan <i>Malam Berbintang</i> sudah melampaui batas dan kenyataan "telah surut jauh ke latar belakang".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hughes mendeskripsikannya sebagai sebuah momen kegairahan visioner yang amat besar: bintang-bintangnya melingkar seperti <a href="/wiki/Spiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral">spiral</a> (mungkin secara tidak sadar terpengaruh oleh lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Ombak_Besar_di_Kanagawa" title="Ombak Besar di Kanagawa">Ombak Besar</a></i> karya <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>), sementara gerakan di langit tercermin oleh gerakan pohon sanobar di bawah, sehingga apa yang dilihat oleh Van Gogh "diterjemahkan menjadi sebuah bentuk cat yang tebal dan tegas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20028-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dari tahun 1885 hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1890, Van Gogh tampaknya sedang membuat sebuah <i>oeuvre</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981224_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981224-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yaitu koleksi yang melambangkan visi pribadinya. Ia dipengaruhi oleh definisi gaya menurut Blanc, bahwa sebuah lukisan yang sesungguhnya membutuhkan pemanfaatan warna, perspektif dan goresan kuas yang optimal. Van Gogh menyematkan sebutan "memiliki tujuan" untuk lukisan-lukisan yang dianggap telah ia kuasai, berbeda dengan lukisan yang menurutnya hanyalah sebuah hasil studi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199016–17_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199016–17-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia membuat banyak lukisan studi;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223_230-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kebanyakan adalah lukisan alam benda, dan banyak yang dibuat untuk mengujicoba warna atau sebagai hadiah untuk teman-temannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karya-karyanya di Arles dianggap sangat berkontribusi kepada <i>oeuvre</i>-nya: lukisan-lukisan yang ia anggap paling penting dari masa itu adalah <i>Sang Penabur</i>, <i>Kafe Malam</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kenangan_Taman_di_Etten_(Para_Wanita_Arles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenangan Taman di Etten (Para Wanita Arles)">Kenangan Taman di Etten</a></i> dan <i>Malam Berbintang</i>. Dari segi goresan kuasnya yang besar, perspektifnya yang berdaya cipta, warnanya, konturnya dan rancangannya, lukisan-lukisan tersebut mencerminkan gaya yang ia inginkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serial_besar">Serial besar</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg/170px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg/255px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg/340px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_059.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4565" data-file-height="5748" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(lukisan)" title="L&#39;Arlésienne (lukisan)">L'Arlésienne: Nyonya Ginoux dengan Buku-buku</a></i>, November 1888. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>Pengembangan gaya Van Gogh biasanya dikaitkan dengan masa-masa yang ia jalani saat tinggal di berbagai tempat di Eropa. Ia sering kali membenamkan dirinya di dalam kebudayaan setempat dan kondisi-kondisi pencahayaan, walaupun ia tetap mempertahankan pandangan visual yang sangat bersifat individual. Proses perkembangannya sebagai seorang seniman berlangsung lambat, dan ia sadar bahwa ia memiliki keterbatasan sebagai seorang pelukis. Ia sering berpindah tempat, kemungkinan untuk mencari rangsangan visual yang baru agar ia dapat mengembangkan keterampilannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989138_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989138-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejarawan seni Melissa McQuillan meyakini bahwa perpindahannya mencerminkan perubahan gaya pada masa-masa berikutnya, dan Van Gogh berpindah-pindah untuk menghindari konflik dan juga sebagai mekanisme untuk tetap bertahan ketika sang seniman yang sangat idealistik dihadapkan dengan kenyataan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989193_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989193-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Potret">Potret</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Potret_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret karya Vincent van Gogh">Potret karya Vincent van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_Anak-anak_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan Anak-anak (serial Van Gogh)">Lukisan Anak-anak (serial Van Gogh)</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Van_Gogh_dalam_seni_rupanya" title="Keluarga Van Gogh dalam seni rupanya">Keluarga Van Gogh dalam seni rupanya</a></div> <p>Van Gogh meyakini bahwa lukisan-lukisan potret yang ia buat adalah "satu-satunya hal dalam bidang seni lukis yang sangat menyentuhku dan memberiku sebuah perasaan akan sesuatu yang tak terhingga."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let652/letter.html_Letter_652&#93;_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let652/letter.html_Letter_652]-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia berkata kepada adik perempuannya bahwa ia ingin melukis potret-potret yang akan terus ada, dan bahwa ia akan menggunakan warna untuk menangkap emosi dan karakter mereka ketimbang berupaya mewujudkan realisme fotografi.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Orang-orang terdekat Van Gogh kebanyakan tidak menjadi subjek lukisan potretnya; ia jarang melukis Theo, Van Rappard, atau Bernard. Potret-potret ibunya dibuat berdasarkan foto yang sudah ada.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989198_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989198-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Desember 1888, ia melukis <i>La Berceuse</i> – sebuah lukisan yang ia anggap sebaik lukisan-lukisan bunga mataharinya. Karya tersebut memiliki palet dengan warna yang terbatas, goresan kuas yang beragam, dan kontur yang sederhana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karya tersebut kemungkinan merupakan karya puncak dari lukisan-lukisan potret keluarga Roulin yang ia buat di Arles dari November hingga Desember. Potret-potret tersebut menunjukkan sebuah perubahan gaya dari goresan kuas yang terkendali dan mengalir dan permukaan lukisan <i>Potret Tukang Pos</i> yang halus menjadi bergaya sangat liar dengan permukaan yang kasar, goresan kuas yang besar, serta penggunaan pisau palet seperti yang tergambarkan di dalam lukisan <i>Madame Roulin dengan Bayi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986224–228_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986224–228-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Ibu Seniman, Oktober 1888, Museum Seni Rupa Norton Simon, Pasadena, California"><img alt="Potret Ibu Seniman, Oktober 1888, Museum Seni Rupa Norton Simon, Pasadena, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg/125px-Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="125" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg/188px-Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg/250px-Van_Gogh_-_Bildnis_der_Mutter_des_K%C3%BCnstlers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="5082" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Ibu Seniman</i>, Oktober 1888, <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Norton_Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Seni Rupa Norton Simon">Museum Seni Rupa Norton Simon</a>, Pasadena, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Boch, (Sang Penyair Di Depan Malam Berbintang), 1888, Musée d&#39;Orsay, Paris"><img alt="Eugène Boch, (Sang Penyair Di Depan Malam Berbintang), 1888, Musée d&#39;Orsay, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3875" data-file-height="5329" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch" title="Eugène Boch">Eugène Boch</a>, (Sang Penyair Di Depan Malam Berbintang)</i>, 1888, Musée d'Orsay, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Tukang Pos Joseph Roulin (1841–1903) awal Agustus 1888, Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston"><img alt="Potret Tukang Pos Joseph Roulin (1841–1903) awal Agustus 1888, Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg/132px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg/198px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg/264px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portret_van_de_postbode_Joseph_Roulin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="2233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Tukang Pos Joseph Roulin</i> (1841–1903) awal Agustus 1888, <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Murni,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston">Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin) 1889, Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston"><img alt="La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin) 1889, Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg/128px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg/193px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg/257px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_084.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin)</i> 1889, Museum Seni Rupa Murni, Boston</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Potret_diri">Potret diri</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Potret_diri_buatan_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret diri buatan Vincent van Gogh">Potret diri buatan Vincent van Gogh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3142" data-file-height="3820" /></a><figcaption><i>Potret Diri</i>, September 1889. Musée d'Orsay, Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh membuat lebih dari 43 potret diri dari tahun 1885 hingga 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karya-karya tersebut biasanya diselesaikan dalam bentuk serial-serial, seperti serial yang dibuat di Paris pada pertengahan tahun 1887, dan ia masih membuat lukisan potret dirinya hingga menjelang akhir hayatnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994263–269,_653_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994263–269,_653-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Potret-potret ini pada umumnya merupakan hasil studi yang dibuat pada masa-masa introspektif ketika ia merasa enggan untuk berbaur dengan orang lain, atau saat ia tidak memiliki model, sehingga ia melukis dirinya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002261_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002261-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potret-potret diri Van Gogh menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan yang cermat terhadap dirinya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200210_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200210-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seringkali, karya-karya tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menandai masa-masa penting dalam kehidupanya, contohnya serial Paris yang dibuat pada pertengahan tahun 1887 dilukis pada saat ia mulai mengenal karya-karya <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cezanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Cezanne">Paul Cezanne</a>, dan Signac.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994265–269_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994265–269-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam lukisan <i>Potret Diri dengan Topi Keabu-Abuan</i>, cat-cat tebal menyebar ke arah luar kanvas. Karya tersebut merupakan salah satu potret diri buatannya yang paling terkenal "dengan goresan-goresan kuas ritmik yang sangat teratur dan lingkaran-lingkaran baru yang didatangkan dari repertoar Neo-Impresionis", sehingga Van Gogh menganggap lukisan tersebut sebagai lukisan yang "memiliki tujuan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199083_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199083-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karya-karya tersebut mengandung unsur-unsur <a href="/wiki/Fisiognomi" title="Fisiognomi">fisiognomi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kondisi kejiwaan dan fisik Van Gogh biasanya dapat terlihat; ia mungkin terkesan tak terawat dengan jenggot yang belum dicukur atau dibiarkan begitu saja, mata yang cekung, rahang yang lemah, atau gigi yang sudah copot. Beberapa di antaranya menggambarkannya dengan bibir tebal, wajah yang tidak bahagia, tengkorak yang menonjol, atau raut muka yang tajam dan waspada. Rambutnya biasanya berwarna merah atau kadang kala keabu-abuan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pandangan Van Gogh jarang diarahkan langsung ke penyimaknya. Potret-potret tersebut memiliki intensitas dan warna yang beragam, dan dalam potret-potret yang khususnya dibuat setelah Desember 1888, warna yang cerah menunjukkan kulitnya yang pucat dan lesu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002261_245-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002261-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa potret diri buatannya menggambarkan dirinya dengan jenggot, sementara di potret-potret diri lainnya jenggotnya tidak ada. Ia dapat terlihat dengan perban dalam potret-potret yang dilukis tepat setelah ia memotong telinganya. Hanya sedikit dari antaranya yang menggambarkannya sebagai seorang pelukis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, potret-potret yang dibuat di Saint-Rémy menampilkan kepalanya dari arah kanan, yaitu sisi yang berlawanan dengan telinganya yang rusak, dan ia melukis dirinya seperti yang terlihat di dalam cermin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994535–537_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994535–537-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2003305–306_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2003305–306-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri dengan Topi Abu-abu, Musim Dingin 1887–88. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Potret Diri dengan Topi Abu-abu, Musim Dingin 1887–88. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/136px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/204px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/272px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-portrait_with_grey_felt_hat_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Diri dengan Topi Abu-abu</i>, Musim Dingin 1887–88. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri dengan Topi Jerami, Paris, Musim Dingin 1887–88. museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York"><img alt="Potret Diri dengan Topi Jerami, Paris, Musim Dingin 1887–88. museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg/131px-Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg/196px-Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg/261px-Van_Gogh_Self-Portrait_with_Straw_Hat_1887-Metropolitan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4411" data-file-height="5572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Potret_diri_buatan_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret diri buatan Vincent van Gogh">Potret Diri dengan Topi Jerami</a></i>, Paris, Musim Dingin 1887–88. museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(719161).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri, 1889. Galeri Seni Rupa Nasional, Washington, D.C. Potret-potret diri Saint-Rémy buatannya menunjukkan bagian sampingnya dengan telinga tak termutilasi, karena ia melihat dirinya sendiri di cermin"><img alt="Potret Diri, 1889. Galeri Seni Rupa Nasional, Washington, D.C. Potret-potret diri Saint-Rémy buatannya menunjukkan bagian sampingnya dengan telinga tak termutilasi, karena ia melihat dirinya sendiri di cermin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg/127px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg/191px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg/254px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28719161%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3571" data-file-height="4633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Diri</i>, 1889. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Seni_Rupa_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Galeri Seni Rupa Nasional">Galeri Seni Rupa Nasional</a>, Washington, D.C. Potret-potret diri Saint-Rémy buatannya menunjukkan bagian sampingnya dengan telinga tak termutilasi, karena ia melihat dirinya sendiri di cermin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potret Diri Tanpa Jenggot, c. September 1889. Lukisan ini merupakan potret diri terakhir buatan Van Gogh. Ia memberikannya kepada ibunya sebagai hadiah ulang tahun.[238][239]"><img alt="Potret Diri Tanpa Jenggot, c. September 1889. Lukisan ini merupakan potret diri terakhir buatan Van Gogh. Ia memberikannya kepada ibunya sebagai hadiah ulang tahun.[238][239]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg/131px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg/198px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg/263px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Potret Diri Tanpa Jenggot</i>, c. September 1889. Lukisan ini merupakan potret diri terakhir buatan Van Gogh. Ia memberikannya kepada ibunya sebagai hadiah ulang tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986131_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986131-251"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let806/letter.html#n-16_Letter_806,_note_16&#93;_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let806/letter.html#n-16_Letter_806,_note_16]-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bunga">Bunga</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Bunga_Matahari_(serial_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga Matahari (serial Van Gogh)">Bunga Matahari (serial Van Gogh)</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Almond_Bermekaran" title="Almond Bermekaran">Almond Bermekaran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg/170px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg/255px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg/340px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i>Alam Benda: Vas dengan Empat Belas Bunga Matahari</i>, Agustus 1888. <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Galeri Nasional">Galeri Nasional</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh melukis berbagai macam bunga, yang meliputi mawar, <a href="/wiki/Lilac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac">lilac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iris_(tumbuhan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris (tumbuhan)">iris</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bunga_matahari" title="Bunga matahari">bunga matahari</a>. Beberapa di antaranya menunjukkan minatnya terhadap penggunaan warna dan juga terhadap seni <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> Jepang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198680–81,_184–187_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198680–81,_184–187-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terdapat dua serial yang menggambarkan bunga matahari yang sedang layu. Yang pertama dilukis di Paris pada tahun 1887 dan menampilkan bunga-bunga yang terbaring di tanah. Serial kedua diselesaikan setahun kemudian di Arles, dan menggambarkan bunga-bunga matahari di dalam vas di tengah sinar pagi hari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994413_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994413-254"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Serial-serial tersebut dibuat di atas <a href="/wiki/Impasto" title="Impasto">permukaan dengan lapisan yang tebal</a>, dan menurut Galeri Nasional London gaya ini membangkitkan "tekstur kepala benih".<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam serial-serial ini, Van Gogh tidak berupaya memasukkan unsur subjektif dan emosi ke dalam lukisan-lukisannya seperti yang biasanya ia lakukan, tetapi ia bermaksud menunjukkan kemampuannya kepada Gauguin,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang saat itu akan segera berkunjung. Lukisan-lukisan bunga dari tahun 1888 dibuat pada masa optimisme yang jarang muncul di benak Van Gogh. Vincent menulis kepada Theo pada Agustus 1888, "Aku melukis dengan semangat seorang <i><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseillais</a></i> yang menyantap <i><a href="/wiki/Bouillabaisse" title="Bouillabaisse">bouillabaisse</a></i>, yang sama sekali tidak mengejutkan mengingat yang dilukis adalah bunga-bunga matahari besar&#160;... Jika aku menjalankan rencana ini, akan terdapat lusinan. Semuanya akan menjadi simfoni biru dengan kuning. Aku mengerjakannya setiap pagi dari waktu matahari terbit. Bunga-bunga cepat layu, sehingga [lukisannya] harus dibuat pada saat itu juga."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let666/letter.html_Letter_666&#93;_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let666/letter.html_Letter_666]-256"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bunga-bunga matahari dilukis untuk <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9korasi_untuk_Rumah_Kuning" title="Dékorasi untuk Rumah Kuning">mendekorasi Rumah Kuning</a></i> di Arles untuk mempersiapkan kunjungan Gauguin, dan lukisan-lukisan tersebut kemudian ia pasang di ruang tamunya. Gauguin merasa sangat terkesan dan kelak ia memperoleh dua lukisan bunga matahari yang dibuat di Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah Gauguin pergi, Van Gogh membayangkan dua versi besar yang menggambarkan bunga matahari sebagai sayap-sayap <i>Berceuse Triptych</i>, dan lalu mengikutsertakan karya ini dalam <a href="/wiki/Pameran_Vincent_van_Gogh_di_Les_XX,_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Pameran Vincent van Gogh di Les XX, 1890">pameran <i>Les XX</i> di Brussel</a>. Kini, karya-karya besar dalam serial bunga matahari merupakan beberapa karyanya yang paling dikenal, yang disanjung akan konotasi dari warna kuningnya dan hubungannya dengan Rumah Kuning, ekspresionisme goresan-goresan kuasnya, dan kontras dengan warna gelap di latar belakang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994417_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994417-257"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alam Benda: Vas dengan Dua Belas Bunga Matahari, Agustus 1888. Neue Pinakothek, Munich"><img alt="Alam Benda: Vas dengan Dua Belas Bunga Matahari, Agustus 1888. Neue Pinakothek, Munich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg/144px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg/216px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg/288px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_128.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunga_Matahari_(lukisan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga Matahari (lukisan)">Alam Benda: Vas dengan Dua Belas Bunga Matahari</a></i>, Agustus 1888. <a href="/wiki/Neue_Pinakothek" title="Neue Pinakothek">Neue Pinakothek</a>, Munich</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iris, 1889. Museum J. Paul Getty, Los Angeles"><img alt="Iris, 1889. Museum J. Paul Getty, Los Angeles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg/180px-Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg/270px-Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg/360px-Irises-Vincent_van_Gogh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11516" data-file-height="8801" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iris_(lukisan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iris (lukisan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Iris</a></i>, 1889. <a href="/wiki/Museum_J._Paul_Getty" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum J. Paul Getty">Museum J. Paul Getty</a>, Los Angeles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Almond Bermekaran, 1890. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Almond Bermekaran, 1890. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Almond_blossom_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3139" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Almond_Bermekaran" title="Almond Bermekaran">Almond Bermekaran</a></i>, 1890. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alam Benda: Vas dengan Bunga Iris beserta Latar Belakang Kuning, Mei 1890, Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam [245]"><img alt="Alam Benda: Vas dengan Bunga Iris beserta Latar Belakang Kuning, Mei 1890, Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam [245]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/142px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/213px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/284px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Irises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="3141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Alam Benda: Vas dengan Bunga Iris beserta Latar Belakang Kuning</i>, Mei 1890, Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alam Benda: Mawar di dalam Sebuah Vas, Mei 1890, Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York [245]"><img alt="Alam Benda: Mawar di dalam Sebuah Vas, Mei 1890, Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York [245]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg/144px-Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg/216px-Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg/288px-Van_Gogh_-_Vase_of_Roses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4582" data-file-height="5724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Alam Benda: Mawar di dalam Sebuah Vas</i>, Mei 1890, Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820_258-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pohon_sanobar_dan_zaitun">Pohon sanobar dan zaitun</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Pohon_Zaitun_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)">Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/170px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/255px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg/340px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Road_with_Cypress_and_Star_-_c._12-15_May_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="3579" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Jalan_dengan_Pohon_Sanobar_dan_Bintang" title="Jalan dengan Pohon Sanobar dan Bintang">Jalan dengan Pohon Sanobar dan Bintang</a></i>, Mei 1890, Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo</figcaption></figure> <p>Terdapat lima belas kanvas yang menggambarkan <a href="/wiki/Cupressus_sempervirens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupressus sempervirens">pohon sanobar</a>, dan Van Gogh mulai merasa terkesima dengan pohon ini di Arles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia membawa unsur kehidupan ke dalam pohon-pohon tersebut, yang sebelumnya dianggap sebagai lambang kematian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9_226-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Serial pohon sanobar yang ia mulai di Arles menggambarkan pohon-pohon tersebut dari kejauhan sebagai penahan angin di ladang; saat ia berada di Saint-Rémy, ia menggambarkan pohon-pohon ini dari jarak dekat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986110_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986110-260"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vincent menulis kepada Theo pada Mei 1889: "Pohon sanobar masih menyita pikiranku, aku sebaiknya membuat sesuatu dengannya seperti kanvas-kanvas bunga matahariku", dan ia lalu berkomentar bahwa "Barisan dan proporsi pohon-pohon ini indah seperti sebuah <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> Mesir."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978311_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978311-261"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada pertengahan tahun 1889, atas permintaan adiknya yang bernama Wil, Van Gogh membuat beberapa versi lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_beserta_Pohon-pohon_Sanobar" title="Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar">Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar</a></i> yang lebih kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986132–133_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986132–133-262"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karya-karya tersebut memiliki ciri berupa putaran-putaran <a href="/wiki/Spiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiral">spiral</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Impasto" title="Impasto">impasto</a> yang sangat tebal, dan salah satunya adalah <i>Malam Berbintang</i> dengan pohon-pohon sanobar yang mendominasi di bagian depan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191_259-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa contoh karya lain Van Gogh yang menggambarkan pohon sanobar adalah <i>Pohon-pohon Sanobar</i> (1889), <i>Pohon-pohon Sanobar dengan Dua Perempuan</i> (1889–90), dan <i><a href="/wiki/Jalan_dengan_Pohon_Sanobar_dan_Bintang" title="Jalan dengan Pohon Sanobar dan Bintang">Jalan dengan Pohon Sanobar dan Bintang</a></i> (1890).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101-263"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama enam atau tujuh bulan terakhir tahun 1889, ia juga membuat paling tidak lima belas lukisan pohon zaitun, sebuah subjek yang ia anggap menantang.<sup id="cite_ref-NGA_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGA-264"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Salah satu contohnya adalah lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Pohon_Zaitun_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Pohon Zaitun (serial Van Gogh)">Pohon Zaitun dengan Pegunungan di Latar Belakang</a></i> (1889). Terkait dengan lukisan ini, Van Gogh pernah menulis kepada Theo: "Akhirnya aku memiliki sebuah bentang alam dengan pohon-pohon zaitun."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101_263-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101-263"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pohon Sanobar pada Malam Berbintang, sebuah gambar yang dibuat dengan sebuah kalam dan didasarkan pada lukisan Malam Berbintang"><img alt="Pohon Sanobar pada Malam Berbintang, sebuah gambar yang dibuat dengan sebuah kalam dan didasarkan pada lukisan Malam Berbintang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg/165px-Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg/248px-Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg/330px-Van_Gogh_Starry_Night_Drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pohon Sanobar pada Malam Berbintang</i>, sebuah gambar yang dibuat dengan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">kalam</a> dan didasarkan pada lukisan <i>Malam Berbintang</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pohon-pohon Sanobar dengan Dua Perempuan, 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda"><img alt="Pohon-pohon Sanobar dengan Dua Perempuan, 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg/130px-Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg" decoding="async" width="130" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg/196px-Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg/260px-Van_Gogh_-_Zypressen_mit_zwei_weiblichen_Figuren.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="3192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pohon-pohon Sanobar dengan Dua Perempuan</i>, 1890. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York"><img alt="Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/165px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/248px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_beserta_Pohon-pohon_Sanobar" title="Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar">Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar</a></i>, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195px; height: 195px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pohon Sanobar, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York"><img alt="Pohon Sanobar, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg/130px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg/195px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg/260px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4177" data-file-height="5306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pohon Sanobar</i>, 1889. Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan, New York</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kebun_buah">Kebun buah</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kebun_Buah_Berbunga" title="Kebun Buah Berbunga">Kebun Buah Berbunga</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg/220px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg/330px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg/440px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption><i>Pohon Persik Merah Jambu Bermekaran (Kenangan Mauve)</i>, warna cair, Maret 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kebun_Buah_Berbunga" title="Kebun Buah Berbunga">Kebun Buah Berbunga</a></i> (juga disebut <i>Kebun Buah Bermekaran</i>) adalah salah satu dari sejumlah karya pertama yang diselesaikan setelah Van Gogh tiba di Arles pada Februari 1888. Empat belas lukisan yang dihasilkan bersifat optimistik, gembira dan secara visual mengungkapkan musim semi yang berkelimpahan. Van Gogh membuat lukisan-lukisan ini dengan cepat. Walaupun ia menggunakan sejenis gaya Impresionisme di dalam lukisan-lukisan ini, gaya pribadi yang kuat mulai muncul pada masa ini. Kesementaraan pohon-pohon yang bermekaran dan peralihan musim tampaknya sejalan dengan perasaan fana yang ada di dalam benaknya dan keyakinan akan permulaan yang baru di Arles. Pada saat pohon-pohon tersebut bermekaran pada musim semi, ia menemukan "sebuah dunia motif yang sangat Jejepangan."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333-265"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vincent menulis kepada Theo pada tanggal 21 April 1888 bahwa ia memiliki 10 lukisan kebun buah dan "satu [lukisan] besar yang menggambarkan sebuah pohon ceri, [tetapi lukisan itu] aku rusak".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198445–53_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198445–53-266"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada masa ini, Van Gogh telah menguasai teknik penggunaan cahaya dan menggambarkan pohon-pohon tersebut seolah seperti sumber cahaya yang membuatnya hampir terkesan seperti objek suci.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333_265-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333-265"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada awal tahun berikutnya, ia melukis lukisan-lukisan kebun buah lainnya, termasuk lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Pemandangan_Arles,_Kebun_Buah_Berbunga" title="Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga">Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980385_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980385-267"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh terpesona dengan bentang alam dan tumbuh-tumbuhan di Prancis selatan, dan sering kali mengunjungi kebun-kebun di dekat Arles. Di tengah pencahayaan <a href="/wiki/Iklim_Mediterania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim Mediterania">Mediterania</a> yang cerah, warna-warna di paletnya pun menjadi semakin terang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFell199732_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFell199732-268"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebun Buah Merah Jambu, juga disebut Kebun Buah dengan Pohon Aprikot Bermekaran, Maret 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam"><img alt="Kebun Buah Merah Jambu, juga disebut Kebun Buah dengan Pohon Aprikot Bermekaran, Maret 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_De_roze_boomgaard_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5019" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kebun Buah Merah Jambu</i>, juga disebut <i>Kebun Buah dengan Pohon Aprikot Bermekaran</i>, Maret 1888. Museum Van Gogh, Amsterdam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten,_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebun Buah Bermekaran, Dibatasi oleh Pohon-pohon Sanobar, April, 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda"><img alt="Kebun Buah Bermekaran, Dibatasi oleh Pohon-pohon Sanobar, April, 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg/180px-Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg/270px-Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg/360px-Van_Gogh_-_Bl%C3%BChender_Obstgarten%2C_von_Zypressen_umgeben.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="2010" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kebun Buah Bermekaran, Dibatasi oleh Pohon-pohon Sanobar</i>, April, 1888. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga, 1889. Neue Pinakothek, Munich"><img alt="Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga, 1889. Neue Pinakothek, Munich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg/180px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg/270px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg/360px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3926" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pemandangan_Arles,_Kebun_Buah_Berbunga" title="Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga">Pemandangan Arles, Kebun Buah Berbunga</a></i>, 1889. <a href="/wiki/Neue_Pinakothek" title="Neue Pinakothek">Neue Pinakothek</a>, Munich</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ladang_gandum">Ladang gandum</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Ladang Gandum (serial Van Gogh)">Ladang Gandum (serial Van Gogh)</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum" title="Ladang Gandum">Ladang Gandum</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/310px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/465px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/620px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Wheatfield_under_thunderclouds_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption><i>Ladang Gandum di bawah Awan Petir</i>, 1890, <a href="/wiki/Museum_Van_Gogh" title="Museum Van Gogh">Museum Van Gogh</a>, Amsterdam, Belanda</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Gogh mengunjungi berbagai bentang alam di sekitaran Arles, dan di situ ia membuat lukisan-lukisan yang menggambarkan panen, ladang gandum, dan pemandangan pedesaan lainnya, termasuk lukisan <i>Penggilingan Tua</i> (1888) yang merupakan contoh struktur indah yang bersebelahan dengan ladang gandum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada saat-saat tertentu, Van Gogh melukis pemandangan dari jendelanya – di Den Haag, Antwerpen, dan Paris. Karya-karya dengan tema semacam ini mencapai puncaknya dalam serial <a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum" title="Ladang Gandum">Ladang Gandum</a> yang menggambarkan pemandangan dari sel-selnya di Rumah Sakit Jiwa di Saint-Rémy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980390–394_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980390–394-269"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak lukisan-lukisan Van Gogh dari masa-masa akhirnya yang berkesan suram, tetapi sebenarnya lukisan tersebut bersifat optimistik, dan menjelang kematiannya lukisan-lukisan ini melambangkan hasratnya untuk pulih dari segi kejiwaan. Namun begitu, beberapa karya akhirnya menunjukkan kekhawatiran-kekhawatirannya yang mendalam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990283_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990283-270"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680–686_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680–686-271"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Gogh pernah menulis pada Juli 1890 di Auvers bahwa ia menjadi hanyut "dalam hamparan luas dengan perbukitan di latar belakang, [yang] tak terbatas seperti laut, [dengan] warna kuning yang lembut".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115_191-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van Gogh merasa terkesima dengan ladang pada bulan Mei saat gandumnya masih muda dan hijau. Lukisan <i>Ladang Gandum di Auvers dengan Rumah Putih</i> buatannya menunjukkan palet bewarna kuning dan biru dengan intensitas yang lebih rendah, dan perpaduan warna-warna ini menghasilkan keharmonisan yang indah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994654_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994654-272"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sekitar 10 Juli 1890, Van Gogh menulis kepada Theo tentang "ladang gandum yang luas di bawah langit yang bergejolak".<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lukisan <i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_dengan_Gagak-gagak" title="Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak">Ladang Gandum dengan Gagak-gagak</a></i> menunjukkan keadaan pikiran Van Gogh pada hari-hari terakhirnya; Hulsker menyebut karya tersebut sebagai sebuah "lukisan yang dipenuhi unsur malapetaka dengan langit yang mengancam dan gagak-gagak yang menandai kemalangan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479_194-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Palet dengan warna tua dan goresan kuasnya yang kuat menyampaikan pesan ancaman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680-274"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladang Gandum Tertutup dengan Matahari Terbit, Mei 1889, Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda"><img alt="Ladang Gandum Tertutup dengan Matahari Terbit, Mei 1889, Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg/180px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg/270px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg/360px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1227" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ladang Gandum Tertutup dengan Matahari Terbit,</i> Mei 1889, Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Belanda</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh,_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hujan atau Ladang Gandum Tertutup saat Hujan, November 1889, Museum Seni Rupa Philadelphia, Philadelphia"><img alt="Hujan atau Ladang Gandum Tertutup saat Hujan, November 1889, Museum Seni Rupa Philadelphia, Philadelphia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh%2C_Dutch_-_Rain_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5025" data-file-height="3908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Hujan</i> atau <i>Ladang Gandum Tertutup saat Hujan,</i> November 1889, <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Philadelphia" title="Museum Seni Rupa Philadelphia">Museum Seni Rupa Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladang Gandum, awal Juni 1889. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo"><img alt="Ladang Gandum, awal Juni 1889. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg/180px-Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg/270px-Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg/360px-Landscape_with_wheat_sheaves_and_rising_moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2538" data-file-height="1986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_(serial_Van_Gogh)" title="Ladang Gandum (serial Van Gogh)">Ladang Gandum</a></i>, awal Juni 1889. Museum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ladang Gandum di Auvers dengan Rumah Putih, Juni 1890, The Phillips Collection, Washington D.C."><img alt="Ladang Gandum di Auvers dengan Rumah Putih, Juni 1890, The Phillips Collection, Washington D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_House_at_Auvers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3801" data-file-height="2970" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Ladang Gandum di Auvers dengan Rumah Putih,</i> Juni 1890, <a href="/wiki/The_Phillips_Collection" title="The Phillips Collection">The Phillips Collection</a>, Washington D.C.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputasi">Reputasi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ketenaran_anumerta_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Ketenaran anumerta Vincent van Gogh">Ketenaran anumerta Vincent van Gogh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger,_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg/170px-Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg/255px-Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg/340px-Jo_van_Gogh-Bonger%2C_by_Woodbury_and_Page-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johanna_van_Gogh-Bonger" title="Johanna van Gogh-Bonger">Johanna van Gogh-Bonger</a>, 1889</figcaption></figure> <p>Selepas pameran perdana Vincent yang digelar pada akhir era 1880-an, reputasinya terus bertumbuh di kalangan para seniman, kritikus seni, pedagang seni, dan kolektor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1887, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Antoine" title="André Antoine">André Antoine</a> memajang lukisan-lukisan karya Vincent bersama-sama dengan lukisan-lukisan karya <a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a> di <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Libre" title="Théâtre Libre">Théâtre Libre</a>, Paris; beberapa di antaranya dibeli oleh Julien Tanguy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002305_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002305-276"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1889, karyanya diulas dalam jurnal <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moderniste_Illustr%C3%A9" title="Le Moderniste Illustré">Le Moderniste Illustré</a></i> oleh Albert Aurier sebagai lukisan yang ditandai oleh "api, intensitas, sinar matahari".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002307_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002307-277"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sepuluh buah lukisan karyanya dipajang di <i>Société des Artistes Indépendants</i>, Brussel pada Januari 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972-278"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konon kabarnya Presiden Prancis, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Marie François Sadi Carnot</a>, sangat terkesan melihat karya-karya Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah kematian Vincent, pameran-pameran digelar di Brussel, Paris, Den Haag, dan Antwerpen untuk mengenang dirinya. Lukisan-lukisan karyanya dipajang dalam beberapa pameran terkemuka, antara lain dalam pameran tahunan <i><a href="/wiki/Les_XX" title="Les XX">Les XX</a></i> yang mengikutsertakan enam buah lukisan karyanya; pada tahun 1891, digelar sebuah pameran retrospektif di Brussel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972_278-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972-278"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1892, <a href="/wiki/Octave_Mirbeau" title="Octave Mirbeau">Octave Mirbeau</a> mengulas dalam tulisannya bahwa peristiwa bunuh diri Vincent adalah "kehilangan yang sangat memilukan bagi dunia seni rupa&#160;... sekalipun upacara pemakamannya tidak digelar secara besar-besaran serta dihadiri banyak pelayat, dan si malang Vincent van Gogh, yang kepergiannya bermakna sirnanya secercah cahaya jenius yang indah, telah berpulang dalam keadaan tidak terkenal dan terabaikan sebagaimana ketika ia masih hidup."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002305_276-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002305-276"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theo meninggal dunia pada bulan Januari 1891, dan dengan demikian hilanglah sosok pendukung Vincent yang paling lantang bersuara dan yang paling luas koneksinya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002310_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002310-280"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Janda Theo, Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, adalah seorang perempuan Belanda berusia sekitar dua puluhan yang tidak begitu lama mengenal suami maupun kakak iparnya, dan mendadak harus mengurusi beberapa ratus lukisan, surat-surat, gambar-gambar, dan putranya yang masih bayi, Vincent Willem van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Paul Gauguin tidak tergerak menawarkan bantuannya untuk mengangkat reputasi Vincent, bahkan kakak kandung Johanna sendiri, Andries Bonger, tampaknya tidak sungguh-sungguh berminat mengurusi lukisan-lukisan peninggalan Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Albert Aurier, salah seorang pendukung Vincent yang paling awal dari kalangan kritikus, meninggal akibat <a href="/wiki/Demam_tifoid" title="Demam tifoid">demam tifoid</a> (<i>typhus abdominalis</i>) pada tahun 1892 saat berusia dua puluh tujuh tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986245-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg/170px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg/255px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg/340px-Vincent_Van_Gogh_0013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><i>Pelukis di Jalan menuju Tarascon</i>, Agustus 1888 (musnah terbakar pada Perang Dunia Kedua)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun 1892, Émile Bernard menggelar sebuah pameran tunggal kecil-kecilan yang menampilkan lukisan-lukisan karya Vincent di Paris, dan Julien Tanguy memamerkan lukisan-lukisan karya Vincent yang ia miliki bersama-sama dengan beberapa buah lukisan Vincent yang dititipkan untuk dijual oleh Johanna van Gogh-Bonger. Pada April 1894, <a href="/wiki/Durand-Ruel" class="mw-redirect" title="Durand-Ruel">Galeri Durand-Rue</a> di Paris setuju untuk mengambil 10 buah lukisan dari antara kumpulan harta benda peninggalan Vincent sebagai barang titipan sampai laku terjual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986245-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1896, <a href="/wiki/Fauvisme" title="Fauvisme">pelukis aliran Fauvisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, yang kala itu masih berstatus pelajar seni rupa yang belum terkenal, mengunjungi <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Russell" title="John Peter Russell">John Peter Russell</a> di Pulau <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%8Ele" title="Belle Île">Belle Île</a> yang terletak di perairan lepas pantai Bretagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurling1998119–138_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurling1998119–138-284"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abc_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-285"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> John Peter Russell, salah seorang kawan akrab Vincent semasa hidupnya, mengenalkan Henri Matisse pada karya-karya pelukis Belanda itu, dan menghadiahinya sebuah gambar karya Vincent. Henri Matisse, yang terilhami oleh karya-karya Vincent, meninggalkan palet warna-warna membumi yang sebelumnya ia gunakan, dan menggantinya dengan palet warna-warna cerah.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_285-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-285"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurling1998138_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurling1998138-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah pameran retrospektif berskala besar yang menampilkan lukisan-lukisan karya Vincent diselenggarakan pada tahun 1901 di Galeri <a href="/wiki/Bernheim-Jeune" title="Bernheim-Jeune">Bernheim-Jeune</a>, Paris. Pameran ini disambut gembira oleh <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a>, dan turut berjasa memunculkan aliran seni lukis Fauvisme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986245-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pameran-pameran bersama yang penting sifatnya diselenggarakan dengan para seniman <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a> di Koln pada tahun 1912, <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, New York pada tahun 1913, dan Berlin pada tahun 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornLeeman1990_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornLeeman1990-287"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henk_Bremmer" title="Henk Bremmer">Henk Bremmer</a> turut berjasa mengajar dan berbicara tentang Vincent Van Gogh,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERovers2007262_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERovers2007262-288"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> serta memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Helene_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller" title="Helene Kröller-Müller">Helene Kröller-Müller</a> pada karya-karya seni rupa Vincent Van Gogh; Helene Kröller-Müller menjadi gemar mengoleksi karya-karya Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERovers2007258_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERovers2007258-289"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seniman-seniman pelopor aliran <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionisme_Jerman" title="Ekspresionisme Jerman">ekspresionisme Jerman</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Emil Nolde</a> mengaku berutang budi pada karya-karya Vincent Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelz196882_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelz196882-290"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Henk Bremmer membantu <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Baart_de_la_Faille" title="Jacob Baart de la Faille">Jacob Baart de&#160;la&#160;Faille</a> menyusun <i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9" title="Catalogue raisonné">catalogue raisonné</a></i> <i>L'Oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh</i> yang terbit pada tahun 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketenaran Van Gogh pertama kali membumbung tinggi di Austria dan Jerman sebelum <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeikop2007208_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeikop2007208-295"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> didorong oleh kumpulan surat-suratnya yang diterbitkan dalam tiga jilid buku pada tahun 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011867_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011867-296"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Surat-suratnya sangat fasih mengungkapkan isi hati, terkesan ditulis orang yang terpelajar, dan telah digambarkan sebagai salah satu karya tulis abad ke-19 yang paling terkemuka di antara karya-karya tulis sejenisnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Semuanya ini menciptakan sebuah mitos memikat tentang pribadi Vincent van Gogh sebagai seorang pelukis yang tekun berkarya dan berbakti bagi dunia seni, rela menderita demi seni yang ditekuninya, dan mati muda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997x_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997x-297"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1934, novelis <a href="/wiki/Irving_Stone" title="Irving Stone">Irving Stone</a> menulis sebuah novel biografi tentang kehidupan Vincent van Gogh dengan judul <i><a href="/wiki/Lust_for_Life_(novel)" title="Lust for Life (novel)">Lust for Life</a></i>, didasarkan atas surat-surat Vincent kepada Theo. Novel ini, serta <a href="/wiki/Lust_for_Life_(film)" title="Lust for Life (film)">film tahun 1956 dengan judul yang sama</a> semakin membumbungkan ketenarannya, teristimewa di Amerika Serikat, tempat Vincent van Gogh hanya dikenal oleh beberapa ratus orang saja, menurut perkiraan Irving Stone, sebelum penerbitan novelnya yang tidak disangka-sangka sangat laris terjual.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xii_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xii-298"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1957, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(seniman)" title="Francis Bacon (seniman)">Francis Bacon</a> membuat beberapa buah lukisan yang didasarkan atas karya-karya reproduksi lukisan <i>Pelukis di Jalan menuju Tarascon</i> karya Vincent, yang aslinya telah musnah dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>. Francis Bacon terinspirasi oleh citra yang ia sebut "menghantui" itu, dan menganggap Vincent berada pada posisi orang luar yang terkucil, yakni posisi yang juga ia sendiri rasakan. Francis Bacon merasa memiliki kesamaan gagasan dengan dengan teori-teori seni rupa Vincent dan kalimat-kalimat dalam surat Vincent kepada Theo yang berbunyi "pelukis-pelukis sejati tidak melukis benda-benda sebagaimana adanya&#160;... mereka melukis benda-benda menurut apa yang <i>mereka sendiri</i> rasakan tentang benda-benda itu."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrPeppiattYard1999112_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrPeppiattYard1999112-300"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lukisan-lukisan karya Vincent tergolong <a href="/wiki/Daftar_lukisan_termahal" title="Daftar lukisan termahal">lukisan-lukisan termahal</a> di dunia. Lukisan-lukisan yang terjual lebih dari <a href="/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dolar Amerika Serikat">US$</a> 100 juta (disesuaikan dengan nilai uang saat ini) adalah <i>Potret Dokter Gachet</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><i> <a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Portrait_of_Joseph_Roulin.jpg" title="Berkas:Vincent van Gogh - Portrait of Joseph Roulin.jpg">Potret Joseph Roulin</a></i>, dan <i>Bunga-Bunga Iris</i>. Versi <i><a href="/wiki/Ladang_Gandum_beserta_Pohon-pohon_Sanobar" title="Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar">Ladang Gandum beserta Pohon-pohon Sanobar</a></i> yang tersimpan di <a href="/wiki/Museum_Seni_Rupa_Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan">Museum Seni Rupa Metropolitan</a> dibeli pada tahun 1993 dengan harga US$ 57 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Alyscamps" title="Les Alyscamps">L'Allée des Alyscamps</a></i> terjual senilai US$ 66,3 juta di balai lelang Sotheby's, New York, lebih tinggi dari harga ancangan yang ditetapkan sebesar US$ 40 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_Van_Gogh">Museum Van Gogh</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg/220px-Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg/330px-Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg/440px-Van_Gogh_Museum_Amsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_Van_Gogh" title="Museum Van Gogh">Museum Van Gogh</a> menyimpan koleksi karya seni Vincent van Gogh yang terbesar di dunia</figcaption></figure> <p>Kemenakan Vincent yang bernama sama dengan pamannya, Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890–1978),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986253_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986253-304"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mewarisi seluruh harta benda peninggalan keluarganya setelah ibunya meninggal dunia pada tahun 1925. Pada awal era 1950-an, ia mengupayakan penerbitan sebuah edisi lengkap dari surat-surat mendiang pamannya dalam empat jilid buku dan diterjemahkan ke dalam sejumlah bahasa. Ia selanjutnya mulai berusaha berunding dengan pemerintah Belanda agar bersedia mendanai pembentukan sebuah yayasan yang akan membeli dan menyimpan seluruh lukisan warisan pamannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986252_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986252-305"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vincent Willem van Gogh, putra mendiang Theo van Gogh, turut dilibatkan dalam perencanaan proyek pembangunan gedung yayasan dengan maksud agar karya-karya seni peninggalan Vincent nantinya akan dapat dipamerkan dalam keadaan sebaik mungkin. Proyek ini bermula pada tahun 1963; arsitek <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Gerrit Rietveld</a> diserahi tugas merancang gedungnya, dan setelah ia meninggal dunia pada tahun 1964, tugas ini beralih kepada <a href="/wiki/Kisho_Kurokawa" title="Kisho Kurokawa">Kisho Kurokawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nga_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nga-306"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengerjaannya gedung berlangsung sepanjang era 1960-an, dengan rencana akan diresmikan secara meriah pada tahun 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986253_304-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986253-304"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Museum_Van_Gogh" title="Museum Van Gogh">Museum Van Gogh</a> dibuka di <a href="/wiki/Museumplein" title="Museumplein">Museumplein</a>, Amsterdam, pada tahun 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xiii_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xiii-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Museum ini menjadi museum terpopuler nomor dua di Belanda, sesudah <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a>, dan secara teratur dikunjungi oleh lebih dari 1,5 juta orang setiap tahun. Pada 2015, jumlah pengunjung mencapai rekor tertinggi, yakni seramai 1,9 juta orang;<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 85 persen pengunjung adalah orang-orang dari luar negeri.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pengucapan "Van Gogh" berbeda-beda dalam bahasa Inggris maupun Belanda. Dalam bahasa Inggris dari Britania, namanya dilafalkan <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="&#39;v&#39; in &#39;vie&#39;">v</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: &#39;g&#39; in &#39;guy&#39;">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;body&#39;">ɒ</span><span title="/x/: &#39;ch&#39; in &#39;loch&#39;">x</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau terkadang <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="&#39;v&#39; in &#39;vie&#39;">v</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: &#39;g&#39; in &#39;guy&#39;">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;body&#39;">ɒ</span><span title="&#39;f&#39; in &#39;find&#39;">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman19907_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman19907-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kamus-kamus Inggris Amerika mencantumkan <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="&#39;v&#39; in &#39;vie&#39;">v</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: &#39;g&#39; in &#39;guy&#39;">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;code&#39;">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, dengan <i>gh</i> yang tak diucapkan, sebagai pelafalan yang paling umum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies200783_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies200783-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam dialek Holandia, namanya dibaca <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">&#91;ˈvɪnsɛnt<span class="wrap"> </span>fɑŋˈxɔx&#93;</a></span> <small><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/32\/Nl-Vincent_van_Gogh.ogg\/Nl-Vincent_van_Gogh.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;id&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;Nl-Vincent van Gogh.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Nl-Vincent_van_Gogh.ogg/Nl-Vincent_van_Gogh.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nl-Vincent_van_Gogh.ogg" title="Berkas:Nl-Vincent van Gogh.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></small>, dengan <i>V</i> yang nirsuara. Ia dibesarkan di Brabant, dan menulis dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Brabant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Brabant (halaman belum tersedia)">dialek Brabant</a>; jika ia mengucapkan namanya dengan logat Brabant, pelafalannya akan menjadi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">&#91;vɑɲˈʝɔç&#93;</a></span>, dengan <i>V</i> yang bersuara dan <i>G</i> dan <i>gh</i> yang mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatisasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">palatisasi</a>. Di Prancis, tempat pembuatan sebagian besar karyanya, namanya dibaca <small></small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Prancis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Prancis">[vɑ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡɔɡ<sup>ə</sup>]</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pemberian nama yang sama dengan kakaknya yang meninggal diyakini memiliki dampak psikologis yang mendalam terhadap diri Vincent, dan unsur-unsur karya seninya, seperti penggambaran sepasang figur lelaki, mungkin diakibatkan oleh hal tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELubin197282–84_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELubin197282–84-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hulsker menduga bahwa Van Gogh pergi ke Borinage dan lalu kembali lagi ke Etten pada masa ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeskó200648_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeskó200648-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat pidato Jan Hulsker <i>The Borinage Episode and the Misrepresentation of Vincent van Gogh,</i> Van Gogh Symposium, 10–11 Mei 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson199867–68_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson199867–68-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Pada hari Natal, aku berantem dengan Pa, dan emosinya menjadi penuh dengan amarah sehingga Pa berkata akan lebih baik jika aku keluar dari rumah. Yah, hal itu dikatakan dengan begitu tegas sehingga aku pergi pada hari yang sama."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let194/letter.html_Letter_194&#93;_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let194/letter.html_Letter_194]-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Januari 1882, Mauve mengenalkannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_minyak" title="Lukisan minyak">lukisan minyak</a> dan meminjamkannya uang untuk mendirikan studionya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html_Letter_196&#93;_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html_Letter_196]-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Satu-satunya bukti yang menunjukkan hal ini berasal dari wawancara dengan cucu dokternya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981177–178_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981177–178-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Untuk ulasan selengkapnya lihat Naifeh dan Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_n._199_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_n._199-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saudara perempuan Boch yang bernama <a href="/wiki/Anna_Boch" title="Anna Boch">Anna</a> (1848–1936), yang juga seorang seniman, membeli lukisan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladang_Anggur_Merah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladang Anggur Merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Ladang Anggur Merah</a></i> pada tahun 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let719/letter.html">Letter 719</a>&#160;Vincent kepada Theo van Gogh. Arles, Minggu, 11 atau Senin, 12 November 1888:<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Aku sedang mengerjakan dua kanvas&#160;... Mengingatkan pada kebun kita di Etten dengan kubis, pohon sanobar, dahlia dan orang-orang&#160;... Gauguin membuatku berani untuk berimajinasi, dan hal-hal dalam imajinasi memang lebih bersifat misterius.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theo dan istrinya, Gachet dan putranya, dan Signac, mereka semua melihat Van Gogh setelah perbannya dilepas, dan mereka mengaku bahwa hanya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuping_telinga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuping telinga (halaman belum tersedia)">cuping telinganya</a> yang dipotong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut Doiteau dan Leroy, potongan secara diagonal memutus cuping telinga tersebut dan mungkin sedikit lebih dari itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoiteauLeroy1928_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoiteauLeroy1928-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Polisi dan Rey sama-sama mengklaim bahwa Van Gogh memotong seluruh telinganya;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rey mengulangi pernyataan ini pada tahun 1930 saat menulis sebuah catatan untuk penulis novel <a href="/wiki/Irving_Stone" title="Irving Stone">Irving Stone</a>, dan di dalam catatan tersebut juga terdapat sebuah sketsa yang menggambarkan garis potongannya.<sup id="cite_ref-artnews_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artnews-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Versi yang dibuat untuk Ginoux telah hilang. Upaya untuk mengirimkan versi lukisan ini kepadanya di Arles mempercepat kambuhnya gangguan kejiwaan Van Gogh pada bulan Februari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beberapa contoh gambar hitam-putih dapat ditemui dalam surat-surat kabar seperti <i><a href="/wiki/The_Graphic" title="The Graphic">The Graphic</a></i> atau <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a></i>, dan keduanya merupakan surat kabar bergambar kesukaan Van Gogh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1974_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1974-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html">Letter 535 </a>Kepada Theo van Gogh. Nuenen, pada atau sekitaran hari Selasa, 13 Oktober 1885:<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Apa yang muncul di benakku saat aku melihat lagi lukisan-lukisan Belanda lama adalah bagaimana lukisan-lukisan ini dibuat dengan cepat. Para ahli-ahli besar seperti Hals, Rembrandt, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_van_Ruisdael&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob van Ruisdael (halaman belum tersedia)">Ruisdael</a>&#160;– dan masih banyak lagi&#160;– langsung menorehkannya&#160;– dan tidak terlalu sering memeriksanya lagi. Dan &#160;... jika berhasil, mereka akan membiarkannya. Aku mengagumi khususnya tangan-tangan Rembrandt and Hals&#160;– tangan-tangan yang hidup, tetapi <i>belum selesai</i> dalam artian seperti yang ingin ditegakkan oleh orang-orang saat ini&#160;... Pada musim dingin aku akan menjelajahi berbagai hal yang aku sadari dari lukisan-lukisan lama. Aku melihat banyak hal yang aku perlukan. Tapi yang paling penting adalah&#160;– apa yang mereka sebut&#160;– <i>langsung pergi</i>&#160;– kamu bisa lihat itu adalah sesuatu yang terkenal dilakukan oleh para pelukis Belanda lama. Hal tersebut &#160;– [yaitu] langsung pergi &#160;– dengan sedikit goresan kuas &#160;– hal seperti itu saat ini tidak lagi terdengar &#160;– tetapi betapa bagus hasilnya.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> adalah salah satu dari segelintir pelukis besar yang mampu membuat lebih banyak potret diri daripada Van Gogh dengan menghasilkan lebih dari 50 potret, tetapi potret-potret ini dibuat dalam kurun waktu yang melebihi empat puluh tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendiang suaminya adalah satu-satunya pencari nafkah dalam keluarga, dan Johanna hanya ditinggali sebuah apartemen di Paris, beberapa buah perabot, dan lukisan-lukisan karya kakak iparnya yang kala itu "dianggap sama sekali tidak bernilai".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html_Memoirs_of_V.W._Van_Gogh&#93;_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html_Memoirs_of_V.W._Van_Gogh]-281"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalam katalog tahun 1928 yang disisin oleh Jacon Baart de&#160;la&#160;Faille, setiap karya Van Gogh diberi nomor kode. Nomor-nomor kode yang diawali dengan huruf "F" ini kerap digunakan untuk merujuk lukisan atau gambar tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994721_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994721-292"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kini tidak semua lukisan dalam katalog perdana ini dipercaya sebagai hasil karya Vincent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeilchenfeldt2013278–279_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeilchenfeldt2013278–279-293"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0031V1962">Sunflowers, Van Gogh Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2010/01/how_to_say_van_gogh.shtml">"BBC – Magazine Monitor: How to Say: Van Gogh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. 22 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&amp;rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Magazine+Monitor%3A+How+to+Say%3A+Van+Gogh&amp;rft.date=2010-01-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fmagazinemonitor%2F2010%2F01%2Fhow_to_say_van_gogh.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman19907-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman19907_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies200783-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies200783_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies2007">Davies (2007)</a>, hlm.&#160;83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Veltkamp, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922202031/http://www.vggallery.com/misc/pronunciation.htm">"Pronunciation of the Name "Van Gogh<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <i>vggallery.com</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vggallery.com/misc/pronunciation.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=vggallery.com&amp;rft.atitle=Pronunciation+of+the+Name+%22Van+Gogh%22&amp;rft.aulast=Veltkamp&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vggallery.com%2Fmisc%2Fpronunciation.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan19899-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan19899_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 129; <a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.vangoghletters.org/vg_&quot;Van_Gogh:_The_Letters&quot;&#93;-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg_&quot;Van_Gogh:_The_Letters&quot;]_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg">"Van Gogh: The Letters"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198919_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xv-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xv_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986248-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986248_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix,_xv-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix,_xv_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, ix, xv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997ix_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes1990">Hughes (1990)</a>, 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997i–xxvi-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997i–xxvi_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, i–xxvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans19971-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans19971_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELubin197282–84-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELubin197282–84_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLubin1972">Lubin (1972)</a>, 82–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson19989-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson19989_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1998">Erickson (1998)</a>, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201114–16-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201114–16_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201159-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201159_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201118-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201118_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199416-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199416_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201123–25-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201123–25_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201131–32-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201131–32_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman199013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman199013_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201136–50-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201136–50_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 36–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198125–35_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 25–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker19808–9-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker19808–9_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201145–49-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201145–49_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 45–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201148-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith201148_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let403/letter.html_Letter_403&#93;-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let403/letter.html_Letter_403]_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let403/letter.html">Letter 403</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, Nieuw-Amsterdam, on or about Monday, 5 November 1883.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199420-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199420_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let007/letter.html_Letter_007&#93;-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let007/letter.html_Letter_007]_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let007/letter.html">Letter 007</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, The Hague, Monday, 5 May 1873.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198135–47-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198135–47_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 35–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xxvii-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xxvii_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, xxvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let088/letter.html_Letter_088&#93;-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let088/letter.html_Letter_088]_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let088/letter.html">Letter 088</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Isleworth, Friday, 18 August 1876.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198147–56-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198147–56_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 47–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011113-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011113_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow199054-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow199054_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011146–147-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011146–147_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 146–147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990175-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990175_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 26; <a href="#CITEREFErickson1998">Erickson (1998)</a>, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrant20149-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrant20149_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrant2014">Grant (2014)</a>, hlm.&#160;9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker199060–62,_73-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker199060–62,_73_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 60–62, 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990101-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990101_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFell201517-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFell201517_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFell2015">Fell (2015)</a>, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow199072-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow199072_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeskó200648-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeskó200648_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeskó2006">Geskó (2006)</a>, 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011209–210,_488–489-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011209–210,_488–489_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 209–210, 488–489.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let186/letter.html_Letter_186&#93;-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let186/letter.html_Letter_186]_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let186/letter.html">Letter 186</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Etten, Friday, 18 November 1881.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson199867–68-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson199867–68_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErickson1998">Erickson (1998)</a>, 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let156/letter.html_Letter_156&#93;-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let156/letter.html_Letter_156]_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let156/letter.html">Letter 156</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Cuesmes, Friday, 20 August 1880.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198167–71-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198167–71_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 67–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans199783-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans199783_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990145-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990145_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let179/letter.html_Letter_179&#93;-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let179/letter.html_Letter_179]_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let179/letter.html">Letter 179</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Etten, Thursday, 3 November 1881.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011239–240_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 239–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let189/letter.html_Letter_189&#93;-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let189/letter.html_Letter_189]_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let189/letter.html">Letter 189</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Etten, Wednesday, 23 November 1881.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let193/letter.html_Letter_193&#93;-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let193/letter.html_Letter_193]_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let193/letter.html">Letter 193</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, Etten, on or about Friday, 23 December 1881, describing the visit in more detail.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228&#93;-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228]_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html_Letter_228]_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let228/letter.html">Letter 228</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, The Hague, on or about Tuesday, 16 May 1882.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990147-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990147_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006125-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006125_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011250–252-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011250–252_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 250–252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let194/letter.html_Letter_194&#93;-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let194/letter.html_Letter_194]_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let194/letter.html">Letter 194</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, The Hague, Thursday 29 December 1881</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html_Letter_196&#93;-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html_Letter_196]_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html">Letter 196</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. The Hague, on or about Tuesday, 3 January 1882.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199464-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger199464_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let219/letter.html_Letter_219&#93;-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let219/letter.html_Letter_219]_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let219/letter.html">Letter 219</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011258-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011258_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let237/letter.html_Letter_237&#93;-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let237/letter.html_Letter_237]_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let237/letter.html">Letter 237</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. The Hague, on or about Thursday, 8 June 1882.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981110-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981110_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011306-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011306_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut198196–103-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut198196–103_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 96–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 116; mengutip karya Hulsker; <a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 123–124; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let224/letter.html">Letter 224</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. The Hague, on or about Sunday, 7 May 1882</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 116–117, mengutip hasil penelitian <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hulsker" title="Jan Hulsker">Jan Hulsker</a>; dua anaknya yang telah meninggal dunia lahir pada tahun 1874 dan 1879.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981107_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 132; <a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 102–104, 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199238-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199238_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1992">Arnold (1992)</a>, 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981113-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981113_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkie2004185-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkie2004185_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkie2004">Wilkie (2004)</a>, 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981101–107-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981101–107_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 101–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981111–122_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 111–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990174-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990174_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981154-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981154_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980196–205-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980196–205_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 196–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981123–160_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 123–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011436-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011436_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199029_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989127-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989127_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994709-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994709_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 709.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011820_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 820.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990181-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990181_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990184-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990184_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammacher198584-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHammacher198584_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHammacher1985">Hammacher (1985)</a>, 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990253-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990253_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199277-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199277_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1992">Arnold (1992)</a>, 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981177–178-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981177–178_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_n._199-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011477_n._199_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 477 n. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981173-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981173_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011448–489-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011448–489_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 448–489.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lam-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lam_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://janlampo.com/category/romantiek/">Jan Lampo, <i>In het Spoor van de Academie – persbericht</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Middle Dutch" lang="Middle Dutch">(Middle Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981187–192-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981187–192_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 187–192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198438–39-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198438–39_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 38–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990135-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990135_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let853/letter.html_Letter_853&#93;-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let853/letter.html_Letter_853]_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let853/letter.html">Letter 853</a>. Vincent to Albert Aurier. Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Sunday, 9 or Monday, 10 February 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011520–522-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011520–522_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 520–522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011702-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011702_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 702.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994710_114-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 710.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662–63-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662–63_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981212–213-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981212–213_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDruickZegers2001">Druick &amp; Zegers (2001)</a>, 81; <a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990256-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990256_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let640/letter.html_Letter_640&#93;-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let640/letter.html_Letter_640]_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let640/letter.html">Letter 640</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh, Arles, Sunday, 15 July 1888. Letter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let695/letter.html">695</a>. Vincent to Paul Gauguin, Arles, Wednesday, 3 October 1888.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990144_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes1990">Hughes (1990)</a>, 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198411-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198411_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984177_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143–144-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990143–144_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes1990">Hughes (1990)</a>, 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986129-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986129_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997348-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997348_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENemeczek199959–61-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENemeczek199959–61_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNemeczek1999">Nemeczek (1999)</a>, 59–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford200616-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford200616_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990219-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990219_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984175–176-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984175–176_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 175–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981266-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981266_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997356,_360_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, 356, 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0028V1962">"Fishing Boats on the Beach at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, 1888"</a>. Koleksi Permanen. Museum Van Gogh. Diakses 23 Februari 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 356; <a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 168–169, 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 356; <a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 168–169, 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let677/letter.html">Letter 677</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Arles, Sunday, 9 September 1888; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let681/letter.html">Letter 681</a> Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Arles, Sunday, 16 September 1888; <a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 18; <a href="#CITEREFNemeczek1999">Nemeczek (1999)</a>, 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorn1990-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorn1990_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorn1990">Dorn (1990)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984234–235-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984234–235_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 234–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980374–376-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980374–376_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 374–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford200661-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford200661_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994411_142-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984195-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984195_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006274–277-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006274–277_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 274–277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980380–382-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980380–382_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 380–382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198966-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198966_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDruickZegers2001266_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDruickZegers2001">Druick &amp; Zegers (2001)</a>, 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990290_148-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman19901-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman19901_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978243–248_150-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1978">Rewald (1978)</a>, 243–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoiteauLeroy1928-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoiteauLeroy1928_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoiteauLeroy1928">Doiteau &amp; Leroy (1928)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artnews-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-artnews_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bailey, Martin (20 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/name-of-mystery-woman-who-recieved-van-gogh-s-ear-revealed-for-first-time/">"Name of mystery woman who received Van Gogh's ear revealed for first time"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Art_Newspaper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Art Newspaper (halaman belum tersedia)">The Art Newspaper</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&amp;rft.atitle=Name+of+mystery+woman+who+received+Van+Gogh%27s+ear+revealed+for+first+time&amp;rft.date=2016-07-20&amp;rft.aulast=Bailey&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fname-of-mystery-woman-who-recieved-van-gogh-s-ear-revealed-for-first-time%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002235-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002235_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006277-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006277_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011707–708-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011707–708_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 707–708.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011249-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011249_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation&#93;-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation]_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html_Concordance,_lists,_bibliography:_Documentation]_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/documentation.html">Concordance, lists, bibliography: Documentation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002237-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002237_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald198637-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald198637_160-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011704–705-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011704–705_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 704–705.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayford2006284-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayford2006284_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayford2006">Gayford (2006)</a>, 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198662_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011713-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011713_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 713.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990298–300-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990298–300_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 298–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990300-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990300_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 239–242; <a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 265–273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1990145-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1990145_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes1990">Hughes (1990)</a>, 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_169-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_169-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Cluskey, Peter (12 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/gun-used-by-vincent-van-gogh-to-kill-himself-goes-on-display-1.2719415">"Gun used by Vincent van Gogh to kill himself goes on display"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Gun+used+by+Vincent+van+Gogh+to+kill+himself+goes+on+display&amp;rft.date=2016-07-12&amp;rft.aulast=Cluskey&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgun-used-by-vincent-van-gogh-to-kill-himself-goes-on-display-1.2719415&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghstudio.com/portrait-of-doctor-felix-rey/">"Portrait of Doctor Felix Rey Oil Painting Reproduction, 1889"</a>. <i>van gogh studio</i> (dalam bahasa Belanda)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=van+gogh+studio&amp;rft.atitle=Portrait+of+Doctor+Felix+Rey+Oil+Painting+Reproduction%2C+1889&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vangoghstudio.com%2Fportrait-of-doctor-felix-rey%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallow1990246-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallow1990246_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallow1990">Callow (1990)</a>, 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984102–103-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1984102–103_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199023-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199023_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986154–157-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986154–157_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 154–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981286-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981286_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990434-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990434_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440_177-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990440_177-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863&#93;-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863]_178-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html_letter_863]_178-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let863/letter.html">letter 863</a>. Theo van Gogh to Vincent, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Tuesday, 29 April 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990390,_404-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990390,_404_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 390, 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978326–329-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978326–329_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1978">Rewald (1978)</a>, 326–329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 390, 404; <a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986Appendix_III,_310–315-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986Appendix_III,_310–315_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, Appendix III, 310–315. Aurier's original 1890 review in French with parallel English translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986175–177-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986175–177_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 175–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978346–347,_348–350-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978346–347,_348–350_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1978">Rewald (1978)</a>, 346–347, 348–350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981293-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETralbaut1981293_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTralbaut1981">Tralbaut (1981)</a>, 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM20/letter.html_Letter_RM20&#93;-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM20/letter.html_Letter_RM20]_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM20/letter.html">Letter RM20</a>. Vincent to Theo and Jo van Gogh-Bonger. Auvers-sur-Oise, Saturday, 24 May 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271_188-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986270–271_188-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 270–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenblum197598–100-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenblum197598–100_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosenblum1975">Rosenblum (1975)</a>, 98–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994640-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994640_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 640.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115_191-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1989115_191-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdwards1989">Edwards (1989)</a>, 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html_Letter_898&#93;-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html_Letter_898]_192-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html">Letter 898</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh and Jo van Gogh-Bonger. Auvers-sur-Oise, on or about Thursday, 10 July 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html">Letter 898</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh and Jo van Gogh-Bonger. Auvers-sur-Oise, on or about Thursday, 10 July 1890; <a href="#CITEREFRosenblum1975">Rosenblum (1975)</a>, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479_194-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990478–479_194-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 478–479.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990472–480-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1990472–480_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1990">Hulsker (1990)</a>, 472–480.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990342–343-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990342–343_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 342–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jones, Jonathan (12 Juli 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/jul/12/vincent-van-gogh-truth-about-ear-exhibition-on-verge-of-insanity-amsterdam">"The whole truth about Van Gogh's ear, and why his 'mad genius' is a myth"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 Oktober</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=The+whole+truth+about+Van+Gogh%27s+ear%2C+and+why+his+%27mad+genius%27+is+a+myth&amp;rft.date=2016-07-12&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2Fjonathanjonesblog%2F2016%2Fjul%2F12%2Fvincent-van-gogh-truth-about-ear-exhibition-on-verge-of-insanity-amsterdam&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994669-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994669_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 669.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 342–343; <a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 480–483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5703399s">"La misère ne finira jamais", Études, 1947, p. 9</a>, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, D-33939</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"La tristesse durera toujours", François-Bernard Michel, <i>La face humaine de Vincent Van Gogh</i>, Grasset, 3 November 1999, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/2-246-58959-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/2-246-58959-2">2-246-58959-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TvGletter-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TvGletter_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">van Gogh, Theodorus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624060011/http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/21/etc-Theo-Lies.htm">"Letter from Theo van Gogh to Elisabeth van Gogh Paris, 5 August 1890"</a>. Webexhibits.org. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/21/etc-Theo-Lies.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2015</span>. <q>ia berkata, "La tristesse durera toujours" [kesedihan akan kekal selama-lamanya]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Letter+from+Theo+van+Gogh+to+Elisabeth+van+Gogh+Paris%2C+5+August+1890&amp;rft.pub=Webexhibits.org&amp;rft.aulast=van+Gogh&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodorus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fvangogh%2Fletter%2F21%2Fetc-Theo-Lies.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayden2003">Hayden (2003)</a>, 152; <a href="#CITEREFVan_der_VeenKnapp2010">Van der Veen &amp; Knapp (2010)</a>, 260–264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweetman1990367-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweetman1990367_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSweetman1990">Sweetman (1990)</a>, 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold2004-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold2004_205-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold2004_205-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold2004">Arnold (2004)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerry1947-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerry1947_206-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerry1947">Perry (1947)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemphill1961-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHemphill1961_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHemphill1961">Hemphill (1961)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumer2002_208-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlumer2002">Blumer (2002)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Heugten1996246–251-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Heugten1996246–251_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Heugten1996">Van Heugten (1996)</a>, 246–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1974-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1974_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1974">Pickvance (1974)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornKeyes2000-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornKeyes2000_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDornKeyes2000">Dorn &amp; Keyes (2000)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let253/letter.html_Letter_253&#93;-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let253/letter.html_Letter_253]_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let253/letter.html">Letter 253</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Saturday, 5 August 1882.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDornSchröderSillevis1996_214-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDornSchröderSillevis1996">Dorn, Schröder &amp; Sillevis (1996)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html_Letter_535&#93;-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html_Letter_535]_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let535/letter.html">Letter 535</a>To Theo van Gogh. Nuenen, on or about Tuesday, 13 October 1885.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994708-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994708_217-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 708.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018–19-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199018–19_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund1988666-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988666_220-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988666_220-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund1988">Sund (1988)</a>, 666.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let537/letter.html_Letter_537&#93;-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let537/letter.html_Letter_537]_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let537/letter.html">Letter 537</a>. Vincent to Theo, Nuenen, on or about Wednesday, 28 October 1885.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20027-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20027_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200211-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200211_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981232-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981232_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitert1981">van Uitert (1981)</a>, 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199020-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199020_225-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9_226-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028–9_226-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund1988668-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund1988668_227-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund1988">Sund (1988)</a>, 668.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981236-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981236_228-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitert1981">van Uitert (1981)</a>, 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200212-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200212_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223_230-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981223_230-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitert1981">van Uitert (1981)</a>, 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199021_231-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes20028-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes20028_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981224-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981224_233-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitert1981">van Uitert (1981)</a>, 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199016–17-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199016–17_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitert1981242_235-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitert1981">van Uitert (1981)</a>, 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989138-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989138_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989193-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989193_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let652/letter.html_Letter_652&#93;-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let652/letter.html_Letter_652]_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let652/letter.html">Letter 652</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Arles, Tuesday, 31 July 1888.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChanningBradley2007">Channing &amp; Bradley (2007)</a>, 67; <a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let879/letter.html">Letter 879</a>. Vincent to Willemien van Gogh. Auvers-sur-Oise, Thursday, 5 June 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989198-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan1989198_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986224–228-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986224–228_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 224–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198915_242-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994263–269,_653-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994263–269,_653_244-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 263–269, 653.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002261-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002261_245-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002261_245-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200210-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200210_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes2002">Hughes (2002)</a>, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994265–269-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994265–269_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 265–269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199083-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten199083_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994535–537-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994535–537_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 535–537.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen2003305–306-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen2003305–306_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen2003">Cohen (2003)</a>, 305–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986131-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986131_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let806/letter.html#n-16_Letter_806,_note_16&#93;-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let806/letter.html#n-16_Letter_806,_note_16]_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let806/letter.html#n-16">Letter 806, note 16</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Saturday, 28 September 1889.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198680–81,_184–187-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198680–81,_184–187_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 80–81, 184–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994413-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994413_254-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/vincent-van-gogh-sunflowers">"Vincent van Gogh; Sunflowers; NG3863"</a>. National Gallery, London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%3B+Sunflowers%3B+NG3863&amp;rft.pub=National+Gallery%2C+London&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk%2Fpaintings%2Fvincent-van-gogh-sunflowers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let666/letter.html_Letter_666&#93;-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let666/letter.html_Letter_666]_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let666/letter.html">Letter 666</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh. Arles, Tuesday, 21 or Wednesday, 22 August 1888.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994417-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994417_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820_258-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaifehSmith2011819–820_258-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaifehSmith2011">Naifeh &amp; Smith (2011)</a>, 819–820.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191_259-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101,_189–191_259-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 101, 189–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986110-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986110_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1978311-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1978311_261-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1978">Rewald (1978)</a>, 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986132–133-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986132–133_262-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 132–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101_263-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance1986101_263-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1986">Pickvance (1986)</a>, 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGA-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NGA_264-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510143650/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg84/gg84-46627.html">"The Olive Garden, 1889"</a>. <i>Collection</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Collection&amp;rft.atitle=The+Olive+Garden%2C+1889&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fcollection%2Fgallery%2Fgg84%2Fgg84-46627.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333_265-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994331–333_265-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 331–333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPickvance198445–53-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPickvance198445–53_266-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPickvance1984">Pickvance (1984)</a>, 45–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980385-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980385_267-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFell199732-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFell199732_268-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFell1997">Fell (1997)</a>, 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980390–394-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHulsker1980390–394_269-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHulsker1980">Hulsker (1980)</a>, 390–394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990283-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990283_270-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990">van Uitert, van Tilborgh &amp; van Heugten (1990)</a>, 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680–686-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680–686_271-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 680–686.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994654-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994654_272-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 654.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let898/letter.html">Letter 898</a>. Vincent to Theo van Gogh and Jo van Gogh-Bonger. Auvers-sur-Oise, on or about Thursday, 10 July 1890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltherMetzger1994680_274-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994">Walther &amp; Metzger (1994)</a>, 680.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986244–254_275-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 244–254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002305-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002305_276-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002305_276-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002307-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002307_277-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972_278-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuillan198972_278-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuillan1989">McQuillan (1989)</a>, 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Furness, Hannah (27 Agustus 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/27/van-gogh-not-unappreciated-lifetime-myth-busting-letter-shows/">"Van Gogh was not unappreciated in his lifetime, myth-busting letter shows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Van+Gogh+was+not+unappreciated+in+his+lifetime%2C+myth-busting+letter+shows&amp;rft.date=2018-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Furness&amp;rft.aufirst=Hannah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F27%2Fvan-gogh-not-unappreciated-lifetime-myth-busting-letter-shows%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESund2002310-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESund2002310_280-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSund2002">Sund (2002)</a>, 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009&#91;http&#58;//www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html_Memoirs_of_V.W._Van_Gogh&#93;-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gogh2009[http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html_Memoirs_of_V.W._Van_Gogh]_281-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gogh2009">Van Gogh (2009)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html">Memoirs of V.W. Van Gogh</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986245-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986245_283-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurling1998119–138-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurling1998119–138_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurling1998">Spurling (1998)</a>, 119–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc_285-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_285-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">interview with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilary_Spurling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilary Spurling (halaman belum tersedia)">Hilary Spurling</a> (8 Juni 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1430343.htm">"The Unknown Matisse&#160;... – Book Talk"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC_Online&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC Online (halaman belum tersedia)">ABC Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dictionary of Art Historians. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionaryofarthistorians.org/faillej.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 Agustus</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Day+at+Night&amp;rft.atitle=Irving+Stone+interview&amp;rft.date=1974-04-23&amp;rft.au=James+Day&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ddlhn_Kxgm8g&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrPeppiattYard1999112-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrPeppiattYard1999112_300-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarrPeppiattYard1999">Farr, Peppiatt &amp; Yard (1999)</a>, 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Decker, Andrew (5 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/decker/decker11-4-98.asp">"The Silent Boom"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artnet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Artnet (halaman belum tersedia)">Artnet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Artnet&amp;rft.atitle=The+Silent+Boom&amp;rft.date=1998-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Decker&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnet.com%2Fmagazine_pre2000%2Ffeatures%2Fdecker%2Fdecker11-4-98.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kimmelman, Michael (25 Mei 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/25/arts/annenberg-donates-a-van-gogh-to-the-met.html">"Annenberg Donates A van Gogh to the Met"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Annenberg+Donates+A+van+Gogh+to+the+Met&amp;rft.date=1993-05-25&amp;rft.aulast=Kimmelman&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F05%2F25%2Farts%2Fannenberg-donates-a-van-gogh-to-the-met.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Boucher, Brian (5 Mei 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/market/led-66m-van-gogh-sothebys-impressionist-modern-sale-robustly-kicks-off-season-294831">"Mysterious Asian Buyer Causes Sensation at Sotheby's $368 Million Impressionist Sale"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artnet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Artnet (halaman belum tersedia)">Artnet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Agustus</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Artnet&amp;rft.atitle=Mysterious+Asian+Buyer+Causes+Sensation+at+Sotheby%27s+%24368+Million+Impressionist+Sale&amp;rft.date=2015-05-05&amp;rft.aulast=Boucher&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fmarket%2Fled-66m-van-gogh-sothebys-impressionist-modern-sale-robustly-kicks-off-season-294831&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986253-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986253_304-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986253_304-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERewald1986252-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERewald1986252_305-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRewald1986">Rewald (1986)</a>, 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nga-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nga_306-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529195527/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/vgmsm.shtm"><i>Van Gogh's Van Goghs: The Van Gogh Museum</i></a>, National Gallery of Art, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/vgmsm.shtm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh%27s+Van+Goghs%3A+The+Van+Gogh+Museum&amp;rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2Fvgmsm.shtm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xiii-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomerans1997xiii_307-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomerans1997">Pomerans (1997)</a>, xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.at5.nl/artikelen/150751/bezoekersrecords_voor_van_gogh_museum_en_nemo">"Bezoekersrecords voor Van Gogh Museum en NEMO"</a> &#91;Record breaking number of visitors to the Van Gogh Museum and the NEMO Science Museum&#93;. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=AT5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="AT5 (halaman belum tersedia)">AT5</a></i> (dalam bahasa Belanda). 15 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AT5&amp;rft.atitle=Bezoekersrecords+voor+Van+Gogh+Museum+en+NEMO&amp;rft.date=2015-12-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.at5.nl%2Fartikelen%2F150751%2Fbezoekersrecords_voor_van_gogh_museum_en_nemo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Caines, Matthew (1 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture-professionals-network/2015/sep/01/van-gogh-museum-chief-axel-ruger-interview">"Van Gogh Museum chief: it's critical to diversify our income streams"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 Agustus</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Van+Gogh+Museum+chief%3A+it%27s+critical+to+diversify+our+income+streams&amp;rft.date=2015-09-01&amp;rft.aulast=Caines&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture-professionals-network%2F2015%2Fsep%2F01%2Fvan-gogh-museum-chief-axel-ruger-interview&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFArnold1992" class="citation book">Arnold, Wilfred Niels (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghch0000arno"><i>Vincent van Gogh: Chemicals, Crises, and Creativity</i></a>. Birkhäuser. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-7643-3616-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-7643-3616-5">978-3-7643-3616-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+Chemicals%2C+Crises%2C+and+Creativity&amp;rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-7643-3616-5&amp;rft.aulast=Arnold&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilfred+Niels&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincentvangoghch0000arno&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFArnold2004" class="citation journal">Arnold, Wilfred Niels (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wilfred_Arnold/publication/8345093_The_Illness_of_Vincent_van_Gogh/links/00b4952869cc0ec876000000.pdf">"The illness of Vincent van Gogh"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_History_of_the_Neurosciences&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the History of the Neurosciences (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of the History of the Neurosciences</a></i>. <b>13</b> (1): 22–43. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09647040490885475">10.1080/09647040490885475</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370335">15370335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+the+Neurosciences&amp;rft.atitle=The+illness+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=22-43&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09647040490885475&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15370335&amp;rft.aulast=Arnold&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilfred+Niels&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FWilfred_Arnold%2Fpublication%2F8345093_The_Illness_of_Vincent_van_Gogh%2Flinks%2F00b4952869cc0ec876000000.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBlumer2002" class="citation journal">Blumer, Dietrich (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2002-04_159_4/page/519">"The Illness of Vincent van Gogh"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Journal_of_Psychiatry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="American Journal of Psychiatry (halaman belum tersedia)">American Journal of Psychiatry</a></i>. <b>159</b> (4): 519–526. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.159.4.519">10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11925286">11925286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Psychiatry&amp;rft.atitle=The+Illness+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.volume=159&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=519-526&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fappi.ajp.159.4.519&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11925286&amp;rft.aulast=Blumer&amp;rft.aufirst=Dietrich&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2002-04_159_4%2Fpage%2F519&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Akses_terbuka" title="publikasi akses terbuka - bebas untuk dibuka"><img alt="publikasi akses terbuka - bebas untuk dibuka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/8px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/12px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/16px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCallow1990" class="citation book">Callow, Philip (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghli00call_0"><i>Vincent van Gogh: A Life</i></a>. Ivan R. Dee. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56663-134-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56663-134-1">978-1-56663-134-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+A+Life&amp;rft.pub=Ivan+R.+Dee&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56663-134-1&amp;rft.aulast=Callow&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincentvangoghli00call_0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChanningBradley2007" class="citation book">Channing, Laurence; Bradley, Barbara J. (2007). <i>Monet to Dalí: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Cleveland Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-940717-90-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-940717-90-9">978-0-940717-90-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Monet+to+Dal%C3%AD%3A+Impressionist+and+Modern+Masterworks+from+the+Cleveland+Museum+of+Art&amp;rft.pub=Cleveland+Museum+of+Art&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-940717-90-9&amp;rft.aulast=Channing&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurence&amp;rft.au=Bradley%2C+Barbara+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCohen2003" class="citation journal">Cohen, Ben (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539517">"A Tale of Two Ears"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></i>. <b>96</b> (6): 305–6. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1258%2Fjrsm.96.6.305">10.1258/jrsm.96.6.305</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539517">539517</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12782701">12782701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Ears&amp;rft.volume=96&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=305-6&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC539517&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12782701&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Fjrsm.96.6.305&amp;rft.aulast=Cohen&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC539517&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDavies2007" class="citation book">Davies, Christopher (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HTSWCwAAQBAJ"><i>Divided by a Common Language: A Guide to British and American English</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-547-35028-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-547-35028-8">978-0-547-35028-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Divided+by+a+Common+Language%3A+A+Guide+to+British+and+American+English&amp;rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-547-35028-8&amp;rft.aulast=Davies&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHTSWCwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDoiteauLeroy1928" class="citation book">Doiteau, Victor; Leroy, Edgard (1928). <i>La Folie de Vincent Van Gogh</i> (dalam bahasa Prancis). Éditions Aesculape. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/458125921">458125921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Folie+de+Vincent+Van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Aesculape&amp;rft.date=1928&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F458125921&amp;rft.aulast=Doiteau&amp;rft.aufirst=Victor&amp;rft.au=Leroy%2C+Edgard&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDorn1990" class="citation book">Dorn, Roland (1990). <i>Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Werkreihe für das Gelbe Haus in Arles</i> &#91;<i>Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Series of Works for the Yellow House in Arles</i>&#93; (dalam bahasa Jerman). Olms Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-487-09098-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-487-09098-6">978-3-487-09098-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=D%C3%A9coration%3A+Vincent+van+Gogh%27s+Werkreihe+f%C3%BCr+das+Gelbe+Haus+in+Arles&amp;rft.pub=Olms+Verlag&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-487-09098-6&amp;rft.aulast=Dorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Roland&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDornLeeman1990" class="citation encyclopaedia">Dorn, Roland; Leeman, Fred (1990). "(exh. cat.)". Dalam Költzsch, Georg-Wilhelm. <i>Vincent van Gogh and the Modern Movement, 1890–1914</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-923641-33-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-923641-33-8">978-3-923641-33-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat.%29&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh+and+the+Modern+Movement%2C+1890%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-923641-33-8&amp;rft.aulast=Dorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Roland&amp;rft.au=Leeman%2C+Fred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> Other editions: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-923641-31-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-923641-31-4">978-3-923641-31-4</a> (German); <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-6630-247-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-6630-247-1">978-90-6630-247-1</a>(Dutch)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDornKeyes2000" class="citation encyclopaedia">Dorn, Roland; Keyes, George (2000). "(exh. cat)". <i>Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits</i>. Thames &amp; Hudson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-89558-153-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-89558-153-2">978-0-89558-153-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+Face+to+Face%3A+The+Portraits&amp;rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-89558-153-2&amp;rft.aulast=Dorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Roland&amp;rft.au=Keyes%2C+George&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDornSchröderSillevis1996" class="citation book">Dorn, Roland; Schröder, Albrecht; Sillevis, John, ed. (1996). <i>Van Gogh und die Haager Schule</i>. Bank Austria Kunstforum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-88-8118-072-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-88-8118-072-1">978-88-8118-072-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+und+die+Haager+Schule&amp;rft.pub=Bank+Austria+Kunstforum&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-88-8118-072-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDruickZegers2001" class="citation encyclopaedia">Druick, Douglas; Zegers, Pieter (2001). "(exh. cat)". <i>Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Studio of the South</i>. Thames &amp; Hudson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-500-51054-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-500-51054-4">978-0-500-51054-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+and+Gauguin%3A+The+Studio+of+the+South&amp;rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-500-51054-4&amp;rft.aulast=Druick&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas&amp;rft.au=Zegers%2C+Pieter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1989" class="citation book">Edwards, Cliff (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghgodcreati0000edwa"><i>Van Gogh and God: A Creative Spiritual Quest</i></a>. Loyola University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8294-0621-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8294-0621-4">978-0-8294-0621-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+and+God%3A+A+Creative+Spiritual+Quest&amp;rft.pub=Loyola+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8294-0621-4&amp;rft.aulast=Edwards&amp;rft.aufirst=Cliff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghgodcreati0000edwa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFErickson1998" class="citation book">Erickson, Kathleen Powers (1998). <i>At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-4978-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-4978-6">978-0-8028-4978-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=At+Eternity%27s+Gate%3A+The+Spiritual+Vision+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Eerdmans&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4978-6&amp;rft.aulast=Erickson&amp;rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Powers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFaille1928" class="citation book">Faille, Jacob-Baart de la (1928). <i>L'Oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh: Catalogue Raisonnée (4 volumes)</i> (dalam bahasa French). G. van Oest. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/3312853">3312853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Oeuvre+de+Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+Catalogue+Raisonn%C3%A9e+%284+volumes%29&amp;rft.pub=G.+van+Oest&amp;rft.date=1928&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3312853&amp;rft.aulast=Faille&amp;rft.aufirst=Jacob-Baart+de+la&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFarrPeppiattYard1999" class="citation book">Farr, Dennis; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Peppiatt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Peppiatt (halaman belum tersedia)">Peppiatt, Michael</a>; Yard, Sally (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/francisbaconretr0000farr"><i>Francis Bacon: A Retrospective</i></a>. Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8109-2925-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8109-2925-8">978-0-8109-2925-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Francis+Bacon%3A+A+Retrospective&amp;rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8109-2925-8&amp;rft.aulast=Farr&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis&amp;rft.au=Peppiatt%2C+Michael&amp;rft.au=Yard%2C+Sally&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrancisbaconretr0000farr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFeilchenfeldt2013" class="citation book">Feilchenfeldt, Walter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghye0000feil"><i>Vincent Van Gogh: The Years in France: Complete Paintings 1886–1890</i></a>. Philip Wilson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-78130-019-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-78130-019-0">978-1-78130-019-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+Van+Gogh%3A+The+Years+in+France%3A+Complete+Paintings+1886%E2%80%931890&amp;rft.pub=Philip+Wilson&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78130-019-0&amp;rft.aulast=Feilchenfeldt&amp;rft.aufirst=Walter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincentvangoghye0000feil&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFell1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Fell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Fell (halaman belum tersedia)">Fell, Derek</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/impressionistgar0000fell_u4h9"><i>The Impressionist Garden</i></a>. Frances Lincoln. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7112-1148-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7112-1148-3">978-0-7112-1148-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Impressionist+Garden&amp;rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7112-1148-3&amp;rft.aulast=Fell&amp;rft.aufirst=Derek&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimpressionistgar0000fell_u4h9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFell2015" class="citation book">Fell, Derek (2015). <i>Van Gogh's Women: His Love Affairs and Journey into Madness</i>. Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-910232-42-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-910232-42-2">978-1-910232-42-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh%27s+Women%3A+His+Love+Affairs+and+Journey+into+Madness&amp;rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-910232-42-2&amp;rft.aulast=Fell&amp;rft.aufirst=Derek&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGayford2006" class="citation book">Gayford, Martin (2006). <i>The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Arles</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-670-91497-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-670-91497-5">978-0-670-91497-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Yellow+House%3A+Van+Gogh%2C+Gauguin%2C+and+Nine+Turbulent+Weeks+in+Arles&amp;rft.pub=Penguin&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-670-91497-5&amp;rft.aulast=Gayford&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGeskó2006" class="citation book">Geskó, Judit, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghinbudapes0000gogh"><i>Van Gogh in Budapest</i></a>. Vince Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-963-7063-34-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-963-7063-34-3">978-963-7063-34-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+in+Budapest&amp;rft.pub=Vince+Books&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-963-7063-34-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghinbudapes0000gogh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/963-7063-33-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/963-7063-33-1">963-7063-33-1</a> (Hungarian)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrant2014" class="citation book">Grant, Patrick (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c2L7AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA9"><i>The Letters of Vincent van Gogh: A Critical Study</i></a>. Athabasca University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-927356-74-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-927356-74-6">978-1-927356-74-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+A+Critical+Study&amp;rft.pub=Athabasca+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-927356-74-6&amp;rft.aulast=Grant&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc2L7AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHammacher1985" class="citation book">Hammacher, Abraham M. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghge0000hamm"><i>Vincent van Gogh: Genius and Disaster</i></a>. Harry N. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8109-8067-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8109-8067-9">978-0-8109-8067-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+Genius+and+Disaster&amp;rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8109-8067-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hammacher&amp;rft.aufirst=Abraham+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincentvangoghge0000hamm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHayden2003" class="citation book">Hayden, Deborah (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poxgeniusmadness0000hayd"><i>Pox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis</i></a>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-465-02881-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-465-02881-8">978-0-465-02881-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pox%3A+Genius%2C+Madness+and+the+Mysteries+of+Syphilis&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-465-02881-8&amp;rft.aulast=Hayden&amp;rft.aufirst=Deborah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoxgeniusmadness0000hayd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHemphill1961" class="citation journal">Hemphill, R. E. (1961). "The illness of Vincent van Gogh". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (halaman belum tersedia)">Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></i>. <b>54</b>: 1083–1088.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=The+illness+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.pages=1083-1088&amp;rft.date=1961&amp;rft.aulast=Hemphill&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHughes1990" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hughes_(critic)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hughes (critic) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hughes, Robert</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nothingifnotcrit00robe"><i>Nothing If Not Critical</i></a>. The Harvill Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-016524-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-016524-1">978-0-14-016524-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nothing+If+Not+Critical&amp;rft.pub=The+Harvill+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-016524-1&amp;rft.aulast=Hughes&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnothingifnotcrit00robe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHughes2002" class="citation book">Hughes, Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portablevangogh0000gogh"><i>The Portable Van Gogh</i></a>. Universe. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7893-0803-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7893-0803-0">978-0-7893-0803-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Portable+Van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Universe&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7893-0803-0&amp;rft.aulast=Hughes&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportablevangogh0000gogh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHulsker1980" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hulsker" title="Jan Hulsker">Hulsker, Jan</a> (1980). <i>The Complete Van Gogh</i>. Phaidon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7148-2028-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7148-2028-6">978-0-7148-2028-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Complete+Van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Phaidon&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7148-2028-6&amp;rft.aulast=Hulsker&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHulsker1990" class="citation book">Hulsker, Jan (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincenttheovango0000huls"><i>Vincent and Theo Van Gogh: A Dual Biography</i></a>. Fuller Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-940537-05-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-940537-05-7">978-0-940537-05-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+and+Theo+Van+Gogh%3A+A+Dual+Biography&amp;rft.pub=Fuller+Publications&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-940537-05-7&amp;rft.aulast=Hulsker&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincenttheovango0000huls&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLubin1972" class="citation book">Lubin, Albert J. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangeronearth00lubi"><i>Stranger on the Earth: A Psychological Biography of Vincent van Gogh</i></a>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-03-091352-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-03-091352-5">978-0-03-091352-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Stranger+on+the+Earth%3A+A+Psychological+Biography+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-03-091352-5&amp;rft.aulast=Lubin&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangeronearth00lubi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcQuillan1989" class="citation book">McQuillan, Melissa (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangogh00mcqu"><i>Van Gogh</i></a>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-500-20232-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-500-20232-6">978-0-500-20232-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-500-20232-6&amp;rft.aulast=McQuillan&amp;rft.aufirst=Melissa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangogh00mcqu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNaifehSmith2011" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Naifeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Naifeh (halaman belum tersedia)">Naifeh, Steven W.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_White_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory White Smith (halaman belum tersedia)">Smith, Gregory White</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghlife0000naif"><i>Van Gogh: The Life</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-375-50748-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-375-50748-9">978-0-375-50748-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh%3A+The+Life&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-375-50748-9&amp;rft.aulast=Naifeh&amp;rft.aufirst=Steven+W.&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Gregory+White&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghlife0000naif&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNemeczek1999" class="citation book">Nemeczek, Alfred (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghinarles0000neme"><i>Van Gogh in Arles</i></a>. Prestel Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-7913-2230-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-7913-2230-8">978-3-7913-2230-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+in+Arles&amp;rft.pub=Prestel+Verlag&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-7913-2230-8&amp;rft.aulast=Nemeczek&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghinarles0000neme&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPerry1947" class="citation journal">Perry, Isabella H. (1947). "Vincent van Gogh's illness: a case record". <i>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</i>. <b>21</b>: 146–172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+History+of+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%27s+illness%3A+a+case+record&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.pages=146-172&amp;rft.date=1947&amp;rft.aulast=Perry&amp;rft.aufirst=Isabella+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPickvance1974" class="citation encyclopaedia">Pickvance, Ronald (1974). "(exh. cat)". <i>English Influences on Vincent van Gogh</i>. Arts Council. University of Nottingham, 1974/75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=English+Influences+on+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Arts+Council&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.aulast=Pickvance&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPickvance1984" class="citation encyclopaedia">Pickvance, Ronald (1984). "(exh. cat)". <i>Van Gogh in Arles</i>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87099-375-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87099-375-6">978-0-87099-375-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+in+Arles&amp;rft.pub=Abrams&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87099-375-6&amp;rft.aulast=Pickvance&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPickvance1986" class="citation encyclopaedia">Pickvance, Ronald (1986). "(exh. cat)". <i>Van Gogh in Saint-Rémy and Auvers</i>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87099-477-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87099-477-7">978-0-87099-477-7</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+in+Saint-R%C3%A9my+and+Auvers&amp;rft.pub=Abrams&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87099-477-7&amp;rft.aulast=Pickvance&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPomerans1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Pomerans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Pomerans (halaman belum tersedia)">Pomerans, Arnold</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lettersofvincent0000gogh"><i>The Letters of Vincent van Gogh</i></a>. Penguin Classics. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-044674-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-044674-6">978-0-14-044674-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-14-044674-6&amp;rft.aulast=Pomerans&amp;rft.aufirst=Arnold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flettersofvincent0000gogh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRewald1978" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rewald&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rewald (halaman belum tersedia)">Rewald, John</a> (1978). <i>Post-Impressionism: From van Gogh to Gauguin</i>. Secker &amp; Warburg. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-436-41151-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-436-41151-9">978-0-436-41151-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Post-Impressionism%3A+From+van+Gogh+to+Gauguin&amp;rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-436-41151-9&amp;rft.aulast=Rewald&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRewald1986" class="citation book">Rewald, John (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studiesinpostimp0000rewa"><i>Studies in Post-Impressionism</i></a>. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8109-1632-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8109-1632-6">978-0-8109-1632-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Studies+in+Post-Impressionism&amp;rft.pub=Abrams&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8109-1632-6&amp;rft.aulast=Rewald&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudiesinpostimp0000rewa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRosenblum1975" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Rosenblum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Rosenblum (halaman belum tersedia)">Rosenblum, Robert</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernpaintingn00rose"><i>Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko</i></a>. Harper &amp; Row. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-430057-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-430057-5">978-0-06-430057-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+Painting+and+the+Northern+Romantic+Tradition%3A+Friedrich+to+Rothko&amp;rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-430057-5&amp;rft.aulast=Rosenblum&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernpaintingn00rose&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRovers2007" class="citation journal">Rovers, Eva (2007). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>He Is the Key and the Antithesis of so Much': Helene Kröller-Müller's Fascination with Vincent van Gogh". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simiolus:_Netherlands_Quarterly_for_the_History_of_Art&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art (halaman belum tersedia)">Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art</a></i>. <b>33</b> (4): 258–272. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25608496">25608496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Simiolus%3A+Netherlands+Quarterly+for+the+History+of+Art&amp;rft.atitle=%27He+Is+the+Key+and+the+Antithesis+of+so+Much%27%3A+Helene+Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller%27s+Fascination+with+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=258-272&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25608496&amp;rft.aulast=Rovers&amp;rft.aufirst=Eva&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSelz1968" class="citation book">Selz, Peter Howard (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UimQfCpawyUC&amp;pg=PA82"><i>German Expressionist Painting</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-02515-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-520-02515-8">978-0-520-02515-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=German+Expressionist+Painting&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-02515-8&amp;rft.aulast=Selz&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+Howard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUimQfCpawyUC%26pg%3DPA82&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSund1988" class="citation journal">Sund, Judy (1988). "The Sower and the Sheaf: Biblical Metaphor in the Art of Vincent van Gogh". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_Art_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="College Art Association (halaman belum tersedia)">The Art Bulletin</a></i>. <b>70</b> (4): 660–676. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3051107">10.2307/3051107</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3051107">3051107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Art+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=The+Sower+and+the+Sheaf%3A+Biblical+Metaphor+in+the+Art+of+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.volume=70&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=660-676&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3051107&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3051107&amp;rft.aulast=Sund&amp;rft.aufirst=Judy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSpurling1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilary_Spurling&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilary Spurling (halaman belum tersedia)">Spurling, Hilary</a> (1998). <i>The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Vol. 1, 1869–1908</i>. Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-679-43428-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-679-43428-3">978-0-679-43428-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Matisse%3A+A+Life+of+Henri+Matisse%2C+Vol.+1%2C+1869%E2%80%931908&amp;rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-679-43428-3&amp;rft.aulast=Spurling&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSund2002" class="citation book">Sund, Judy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangogh00sund"><i>Van Gogh</i></a>. Phaidon. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7148-4084-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7148-4084-0">978-0-7148-4084-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Phaidon&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7148-4084-0&amp;rft.aulast=Sund&amp;rft.aufirst=Judy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangogh00sund&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSweetman1990" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sweetman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sweetman (halaman belum tersedia)">Sweetman, David</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghhislifehi0000swee_o1o6"><i>Van Gogh: His Life and His Art</i></a>. Touchstone. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-671-74338-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-671-74338-3">978-0-671-74338-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh%3A+His+Life+and+His+Art&amp;rft.pub=Touchstone&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-671-74338-3&amp;rft.aulast=Sweetman&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghhislifehi0000swee_o1o6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTralbaut1981" class="citation book">Tralbaut, Marc Edo (1981) [1969]. <i>Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé</i> (dalam bahasa Prancis). Alpine Fine Arts. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-933516-31-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-933516-31-2">0-933516-31-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%2C+le+mal+aim%C3%A9&amp;rft.pub=Alpine+Fine+Arts&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.isbn=0-933516-31-2&amp;rft.aulast=Tralbaut&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc+Edo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_VeenKnapp2010" class="citation book">Van der Veen, Wouter; Knapp, Peter (2010). <i>Van Gogh in Auvers: His Last Days</i>. Monacelli Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58093-301-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58093-301-8">978-1-58093-301-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh+in+Auvers%3A+His+Last+Days&amp;rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58093-301-8&amp;rft.aulast=Van+der+Veen&amp;rft.aufirst=Wouter&amp;rft.au=Knapp%2C+Peter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Wolk1987" class="citation book">Van der Wolk, Johannes (1987). <i>De schetsboeken van Vincent van Gogh</i> &#91;<i>The Sketchbooks of Vincent van Gogh</i>&#93; (dalam bahasa Dutch). Meulenhoff/Landshoff. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-290-8154-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-290-8154-2">978-90-290-8154-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+schetsboeken+van+Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Meulenhoff%2FLandshoff&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-290-8154-2&amp;rft.aulast=Van+der+Wolk&amp;rft.aufirst=Johannes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gogh2009" class="citation book">Van Gogh, Vincent (2009). Leo Jansen; Hans Luijten; Nienke Bakker, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vangoghletters.org"><i>Vincent van Gogh – The Letters</i></a>. Van Gogh Museum &amp; Huygens ING.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh+%E2%80%93+The+Letters&amp;rft.pub=Van+Gogh+Museum+%26+Huygens+ING&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Gogh&amp;rft.aufirst=Vincent&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vangoghletters.org&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_Heugten1996" class="citation book">Van Heugten, Sjraar (1996). <i>Vincent van Gogh: tekeningen 1: Vroege jaren 1880–1883</i> &#91;<i>Vincent van Gogh: Drawings 1: Early years 1880–1883</i>&#93; (dalam bahasa Dutch). V+K. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-6611-501-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-6611-501-9">978-90-6611-501-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh%3A+tekeningen+1%3A+Vroege+jaren+1880%E2%80%931883&amp;rft.pub=V%2BK&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-6611-501-9&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Heugten&amp;rft.aufirst=Sjraar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFvan_Uitert1981" class="citation journal">Van Uitert, Evert (1981). "Van Gogh's Concept of His <i>Oeuvre</i>". <i>Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 223–244. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3780499">10.2307/3780499</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3780499">3780499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Simiolus%3A+Netherlands+Quarterly+for+the+History+of+Art&amp;rft.atitle=Van+Gogh%27s+Concept+of+His+Oeuvre&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=223-244&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3780499&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3780499&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Uitert&amp;rft.aufirst=Evert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFvan_Uitertvan_Tilborghvan_Heugten1990" class="citation book">van Uitert, Evert; van Tilborgh, Louis; van Heugten, Sjraar, ed. (1990). "(exh. cat)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghdr0000wolk"><i>Vincent van Gogh</i></a>. Arnoldo Mondadori Arte de Luca. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/88-242-0022-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/88-242-0022-2">88-242-0022-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%28exh.+cat%29&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;rft.pub=Arnoldo+Mondadori+Arte+de+Luca&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=88-242-0022-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvincentvangoghdr0000wolk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWaltherMetzger1994" class="citation book">Walther, Ingo; Metzger, Rainer (1994). <i>Van Gogh: the Complete Paintings</i>. Taschen. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-8228-0291-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-8228-0291-5">978-3-8228-0291-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Van+Gogh%3A+the+Complete+Paintings&amp;rft.pub=Taschen&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-8228-0291-5&amp;rft.aulast=Walther&amp;rft.aufirst=Ingo&amp;rft.au=Metzger%2C+Rainer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWeikop2007" class="citation journal">Weikop, Christian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_burlington-magazine_2007-03_149_1248/page/208">"Exhibition Reviews: Van Gogh and Expressionism. Amsterdam and New York"</a>. <i>The Burlington Magazine</i>. <b>149</b> (1248): 208–209. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20074786">20074786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Exhibition+Reviews%3A+Van+Gogh+and+Expressionism.+Amsterdam+and+New+York&amp;rft.volume=149&amp;rft.issue=1248&amp;rft.pages=208-209&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20074786&amp;rft.aulast=Weikop&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_burlington-magazine_2007-03_149_1248%2Fpage%2F208&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWilkie2004" class="citation book">Wilkie, Kenneth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vangoghfilemythm0000wilk"><i>The Van Gogh File: The Myth and the Man</i></a>. Souvenir Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-285-63691-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-285-63691-0">978-0-285-63691-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Van+Gogh+File%3A+The+Myth+and+the+Man&amp;rft.pub=Souvenir+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-285-63691-0&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkie&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvangoghfilemythm0000wilk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AVincent+van+Gogh" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="s:Pengarang:Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/237118">Vincent van Gogh</a> di <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vggallery.com/">The Vincent van Gogh Gallery</a>, semua karya-karya dan surat-surat Van Gogh</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vangoghletters.org/">Vincent van Gogh The letters</a>, semua surat-surat Van Gogh (diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris dan disertai catatan)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/education/teachers/teaching-packets/van-gogh.html/">Vincent Van Gogh</a>, materi-materi ajaran mengenai Van Gogh</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Gogh,+Vincent+Van">Karya Vincent van Gogh</a> di <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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tersedia)">Kronologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan Vincent van Gogh (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kematian_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian Vincent van Gogh">Kematian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketenaran_anumerta_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Ketenaran anumerta Vincent van Gogh">Ketenaran anumerta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tampilan_budaya_Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tampilan budaya Vincent van Gogh (halaman belum tersedia)">Tampilan budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar karya Vincent van Gogh (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar karya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-Impresionisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-Impresionisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Post-Impresionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_Ravoux" title="Auberge Ravoux">Auberge Ravoux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Letters_of_Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Letters of Vincent van Gogh (halaman belum tersedia)">The Letters of Vincent van Gogh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg/80px-Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg/120px-Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg/160px-Self-Portrait9_Van_Gogh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="615" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Keluarga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(pedagang_seni)" title="Theo van Gogh (pedagang seni)">Theo van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wil_van_Gogh" title="Wil van Gogh">Wil van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_van_Gogh-Bonger" title="Johanna van Gogh-Bonger">Johanna van Gogh-Bonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Bonger" title="Andries Bonger">Andries Bonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_(sutradara)" title="Theo van Gogh (sutradara)">Theo van Gogh (sutradara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mauve" title="Anton Mauve">Anton Mauve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stricker" title="Johannes Stricker">Johannes Stricker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Sahabat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthon_van_Rappard" title="Anthon van Rappard">Anthon van Rappard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gachet" title="Paul Gachet">Paul Gachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Russell" title="John Peter Russell">John Peter Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boch" title="Eugène Boch">Eugène Boch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Boch" title="Anna Boch">Anna Boch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Kumpulan karya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potret_diri_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret diri karya Vincent van Gogh">Potret diri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potret_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Potret karya Vincent van Gogh">Potret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karya_awal_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karya awal Vincent van Gogh">Karya awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karya_awal_Vincent_van_Gogh_yang_hilang" class="mw-redirect" title="Karya awal Vincent van Gogh yang hilang">Karya awal yang hilang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sien_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sien (seri Van Gogh)">Sien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Character_Studies_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Character Studies (seri Van Gogh)">Peasant Character Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottages_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottages (seri Van Gogh)">Cottages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Van_Gogh_dalam_karyanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluarga Van Gogh dalam karyanya">Keluarga Van Gogh dalam karyanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_(seri_Van_Gogh)" title="Montmartre (seri Van Gogh)">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Moulin_de_la_Galette_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Moulin de la Galette (seri Van Gogh)">Le Moulin de la Galette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asnières (seri Van Gogh)">Asnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seine (seri Van Gogh)">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Fields_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat Fields (seri Van Gogh)">Wheat Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Orchards_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering Orchards (seri Van Gogh)">Flowering Orchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almond_Blossoms_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond Blossoms (seri Van Gogh)">Almond Blossoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlois_Bridge_at_Arles_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Langlois Bridge at Arles (seri Van Gogh)">Langlois Bridge at Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_of_Children_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paintings of Children (seri Van Gogh)">Paintings of Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh%27s_D%C3%A9coration_for_the_Yellow_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent van Gogh&#39;s Décoration for the Yellow House">The Décoration for the Yellow House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roulin_Family_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Roulin Family (seri Van Gogh)">The Roulin Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_in_Arles_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital in Arles (seri Van Gogh)">Hospital in Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupu-Kupu_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupu-Kupu (seri Van Gogh)">Butterflies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul_Asylum,_Saint-R%C3%A9my_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Paul Asylum, Saint-Rémy (seri Van Gogh)">Saint-Paul Asylum, Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wheat_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wheat Field">The Enclosed Wheat Field at Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Salinan karya Vincent van Gogh">Salinan karya Vincent van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Trees_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive Trees (seri Van Gogh)">Olive Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pameran_Vincent_van_Gogh_di_Les_XX,_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Pameran Vincent van Gogh di Les XX, 1890">Pameran di Les XX, 1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanvas_Auvers_ukuran_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanvas Auvers ukuran 30">Kanvas Auvers ukuran 30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Double-square_painting&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Double-square painting (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Double-squares</i> dan <i>Squares</i> Auvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonaiserie_(Van_Gogh)" title="Japonaiserie (Van Gogh)">Japonaiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunga-Bunga_Matahari_(seri_Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunga-Bunga Matahari (seri Van Gogh)">Sunflowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukisan_hidup_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Belanda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan hidup karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)">Lukisan hidup karya Vincent van Gogh (Belanda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukisan_hidup_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh_(Paris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan hidup karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)">Lukisan hidup karya Vincent van Gogh (Paris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadows_near_Rijswijk_and_the_Schenkweg" class="mw-redirect" title="Meadows near Rijswijk and the Schenkweg">Meadows near Rijswijk and the Schenkweg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Lukisan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Potato_Eaters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Potato Eaters">The Potato Eaters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night Café">The Night Café</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poppy_Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Poppy Flowers">Poppy Flowers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_House_(lukisan)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Yellow House (lukisan)">The Yellow House</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cafe_Terrace_at_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafe Terrace at Night">Cafe Terrace at Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Starry_Night_Over_the_Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Starry Night Over the Rhone">Starry Night Over the Rhone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bedroom_in_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedroom in Arles">The Bedroom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(lukisan)" title="L&#39;Arlésienne (lukisan)">L'Arlésienne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Vineyard" class="mw-redirect" title="The Red Vineyard">The Red Vineyard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Ar%C3%A8nes" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Arènes">Les Arènes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/View_of_Arles,_Flowering_Orchards" class="mw-redirect" title="View of Arles, Flowering Orchards">View of Arles, Flowering Orchards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arles:_View_from_the_Wheat_Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Arles: View from the Wheat Fields">Arles: View from the Wheat Fields</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_the_Artist%27s_Mother_(Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of the Artist&#39;s Mother (Van Gogh)">Portrait of the Artist's Mother</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ivy,_two_paintings_by_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy, two paintings by Vincent van Gogh">Ivy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse_in_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmhouse in Provence">Farmhouse in Provence</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_Field_with_Peasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclosed Field with Peasant">Enclosed Field with Peasant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Eternity%27s_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="At Eternity&#39;s Gate">At Eternity's Gate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irises_(lukisan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irises (lukisan)">Irises</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Dr. Gachet">Portrait of Dr. Gachet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Gachet%27s_Garden_in_Auvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Gachet&#39;s Garden in Auvers">Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Church_at_Auvers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Church at Auvers">The Church at Auvers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheatfield_with_Crows" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheatfield with Crows">Wheatfield with Crows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/View_of_Paris_from_Vincent%27s_Room_in_the_Rue_Lepic" class="mw-redirect" title="View of Paris from Vincent&#39;s Room in the Rue Lepic">View of Paris from Vincent's Room in the Rue Lepic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daubigny%27s_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Daubigny&#39;s Garden">Daubigny's Garden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agostina_Segatori_Sitting_in_the_Caf%C3%A9_du_Tambourin" class="mw-redirect" title="Agostina Segatori Sitting in the Café du Tambourin">Agostina Segatori Sitting in the Café du Tambourin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_P%C3%A8re_Tanguy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Père Tanguy">Portrait of Père Tanguy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farms_near_Auvers_(Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Farms near Auvers (Van Gogh)">Thatched Cottages by a Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_at_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="White House at Night">White House at Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lane_near_Arles_(Landscape_with_Edge_of_a_Road)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lane near Arles (Landscape with Edge of a Road)">A Lane near Arles (Landscape with Edge of a Road)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blossoming_Chestnut_Branches" class="mw-redirect" title="Blossoming Chestnut Branches">Blossoming Chestnut Branches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Meadow_in_the_Mountains:_Le_Mas_de_Saint-Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="A Meadow in the Mountains: Le Mas de Saint-Paul">A Meadow in the Mountains: Le Mas de Saint-Paul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Field_with_a_Lark" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat Field with a Lark">Wheat Field with a Lark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skull_of_a_Skeleton_with_Burning_Cigarette" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette">Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Road_with_Cypress_and_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Road with Cypress and Star">Road with Cypress and Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tree_Roots" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree Roots">Tree Roots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zonsondergang_bij_Montmajour" class="mw-redirect" title="Zonsondergang bij Montmajour">Zonsondergang bij Montmajour</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Karya lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambar,_lukisan,_dan_cetakan_karya_Vincent_van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambar, lukisan, dan cetakan karya Vincent van Gogh">Gambar, lukisan, dan cetakan</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/87_Hackford_Road_(Van_Gogh)" title="87 Hackford Road (Van Gogh)">87 Hackford Road</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorrow_(Van_Gogh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorrow (Van Gogh)">Sorrow</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Koleksi umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kröller-Müller Museum (halaman belum tersedia)">Kröller-Müller Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée d&#39;Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Pemeranan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Lust for Life</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lust_for_Life_(novel)" title="Lust for Life (novel)">novel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lust_for_Life_(film)" title="Lust for Life (film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_(film_1991)" title="Van Gogh (film 1991)"><i>Van Gogh</i> (film 1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Gogh_(film_1948)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Gogh (film 1948) (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Van Gogh</i> (film 1948)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_(opera)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent (opera) (halaman belum tersedia)">Vincent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_%26_Theo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent &amp; Theo (halaman belum tersedia)">Vincent &amp; Theo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_in_Brixton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent in Brixton (halaman belum tersedia)">Vincent in Brixton</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_and_the_Doctor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent and the Doctor (halaman belum tersedia)">Vincent and the Doctor</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Katalog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Baart_de_la_Faille" title="Jacob Baart de la Faille">Jacob Baart de la Faille</a> (1928 &amp; 1970; <b>F</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hulsker" title="Jan Hulsker">Jan Hulsker</a> (1978, direvisi 1989; <b>JH</b>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC66;width:1%">Wikimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/18px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/36px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Wiktionary</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/18px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/36px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Wikibooks</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vincent_van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Wikiquote</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/34px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Wikisource</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/13px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Commons</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/18px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/36px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/van_Gogh" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/van Gogh">Van Gogh</a> di Wikinews</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582#identifiers&amp;#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118540416">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120955689">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9854560">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/9854560">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90062600">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=red10&amp;doc_number=000042541">Chili</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX888249">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927591g">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11927591g">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a1009345x">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id CFIV038247 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79022935">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000038350&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441120">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jn20000601950&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35130087">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record194449">Yunani</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000054190&amp;local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC199610281">Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&amp;local_base=NLR10&amp;doc_number=000233016">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000001643&amp;local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068472676">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&amp;NU=1&amp;IM=4&amp;WI=9810566602805606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&amp;find_code=SYS&amp;adjacent=Y&amp;local_base=RSL11&amp;request=000083033&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Rusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/188359">Swedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_4021">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daao.org.au/bio/vincent-van-gogh">Australian Artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/2192c545-cc43-43b4-8abd-1cd22af701dc">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/32439">RKD Artists (Belanda)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500115588">Artist Names (Getty)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamus biografi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/32545490">Belanda</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01003999?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/32032/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISM_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RISM (identifier)">RISM (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="error">The RISM id people/51014886 is not valid.</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A012311687">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60g3k35">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027176207">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/835530">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐79d9bc49cc‐6gmvz Cached time: 20241202231703 Cache expiry: 2508181 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.785 seconds Real time usage: 2.157 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18768/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 265596/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 25796/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 21/100 Expensive parser function count: 39/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 292352/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.950/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26682800/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1712.296 1 -total 22.35% 382.735 319 Templat:Sfnp 11.10% 190.029 1 Templat:Infobox_artist 10.89% 186.399 1 Templat:Infobox_person 10.08% 172.584 1 Templat:Infobox 8.81% 150.810 43 Templat:Cite_book 8.55% 146.439 3 Templat:IPA-nl 8.51% 145.710 4 Templat:IPA 7.95% 136.053 2 Templat:Reflist 5.49% 94.067 15 Templat:Efn --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key idwiki:pcache:27306:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202231703 and revision id 26288517. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;oldid=26288517">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vincent_van_Gogh&amp;oldid=26288517</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Halaman_dengan_teks_IPA_berbahasa_Belanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan teks IPA berbahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Halaman dengan 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