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It has the traditional name '''Gorgonea Tertia''' {{IPAc-en|g|ɔːr|g|@|'|n|iː|@|_|'|t|3r|sh|@}},<ref name=allen1899/> being the third member of the quartet called the Gorgonea in reference to the [[Gorgon]]s from the legend of [[Perseus]].<ref name=kaler/> An [[apparent visual magnitude]] of +3.39<ref name=aass34_1/> makes it visible to the [[naked eye]], but a [[Bortle Dark-Sky Scale|challenge to view]] from a well-lit urban environment. Based upon [[parallax]] measurements, it is located at a distance of roughly {{Convert|308|ly|pc}} from [[Earth]].<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> [[File:RhoPerLightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[Photometric_system#Photometric_letters|visual band]] [[light curve]] for Rho Persei, plotted from [[American Association of Variable Star Observers|AAVSO]] data<ref name="aavso"/>]] Johann Schmidt discovered that Rho Persei is a [[variable star]], in 1854.<ref name="Cannon1907"/><ref name="IVSI"/> Rho Persei is a [[semiregular variable star]], whose [[apparent magnitude]] varies between 3.3 and 4.0<ref name=gcvs3/> with periods of 50, 120 and 250 days.<ref name=mnras355_2_601/> The star has reached the [[asymptotic giant branch]] of its [[stellar evolution|evolution]].<ref name=Eggen1992/> It is a [[bright giant]] star with a [[stellar classification]] of M4&nbsp;II.<ref name=apj652_1_650/> The outer envelope has an [[effective temperature]] of 3,479&nbsp;K,<ref name=Kallinger_et_al_2019/> giving it the red-orange hue of an M-type star.<ref name=csiro/> This star has a mass 1.9 times the [[solar mass|mass of the Sun]], while its radius has expanded to 143 [[solar radius|times solar]]. It is radiating some 2,700 times the [[solar luminosity|Sun's luminosity]].<ref name=Kallinger_et_al_2019/> Rho Persei is losing mass at the rate of {{val|1.2|e=−8}} [[solar mass]]es per year, or the equivalent of the Sun's mass every 83 million years.<ref name=allen_tse_516/> It is about 440 million years in age.<ref name=kaler/> {{clear left}} ==Naming== In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|大陵}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Dà Líng}}), meaning ''[[Stomach (Chinese constellation)|Mausoleum]]'', refers to an asterism consisting of ρ Persei, [[9 Persei]], [[Tau Persei|τ Persei]], [[Iota Persei|ι Persei]], [[Kappa Persei|κ Persei]], [[Algol|β Persei]], [[16 Persei]] and [[12 Persei]]. Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for ρ Persei itself is {{lang|zh|大陵六}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Dà Líng liù}}, {{langx|en|the Sixth Star of Mausoleum}}.).<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060711.html AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 11 日] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204114123/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0607/ap060711.html |date=2012-02-04 }}</ref> == References == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="IVSI">{{cite web | title=rho Per | url=https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=26208 | website=The International Variable Star Index | publisher=AAVSO | access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref> <ref name="Cannon1907">{{cite journal | last1=Cannon | first1=Annie J. | title=Second catalogue of variable stars | journal=Annals of Harvard College Observatory | date=1907 | volume=55 | pages=1–94 | bibcode=1907AnHar..55....1C | url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1907AnHar..55....1C | access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref> <ref name=Kallinger_et_al_2019>{{citation | title=Stellar masses from granulation and oscillations of 23 bright red giants observed by BRITE-Constellation | last1=Kallinger | first1=T. | last2=Beck | first2=P. 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I. Data, orbits, and intrinsic variations | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=498 | issue=2 | pages=627–640 |date=May 2009 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200810698 | bibcode=2009A&A...498..627F |arxiv = 0901.0934 }}</ref> <ref name=aass34_1>{{citation | last1=Nicolet | first1=B. | year=1978 | title=Photoelectric photometric Catalogue of homogeneous measurements in the UBV System | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=34 | pages=1–49 | bibcode=1978A&AS...34....1N }}</ref> <ref name=apj652_1_650>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Ragland | first1=S. | last2=Traub | first2=W. A. | last3=Berger | first3=J.-P. | last4=Danchi | first4=W. C. | last5=Monnier | first5=J. D. | last6=Willson | first6=L. A. | last7=Carleton | first7=N. P. | last8=Lacasse | first8=M. G. | last9=Millan-Gabet | first9=R. | last10=Pedretti | first10=E. | last11=Schloerb | first11=F. P. | last12=Cotton | first12=W. D. | last13=Townes | first13=C. H. | last14=Brewer | first14=M. | last15=Haguenauer | first15=P. | last16=Kern | first16=P. | last17=Labeye | first17=P. | last18=Malbet | first18=F. | last19=Malin | first19=D. | last20=Pearlman | first20=M. | last21=Perraut | first21=K. | last22=Souccar | first22=K. | last23=Wallace | first23=G. | title=First Surface-resolved Results with the Infrared Optical Telescope Array Imaging Interferometer: Detection of Asymmetries in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=652 | issue=1 | pages=650–660 |date=November 2006 | doi=10.1086/507453 | bibcode=2006ApJ...652..650R |arxiv = astro-ph/0607156 | s2cid=30825403 }}</ref> <ref name=mnras355_2_601>{{citation | last1=Yeşilyaprak | first1=C. | last2=Aslan | first2=Z. | title=Period-luminosity relation for M-type semiregular variables from Hipparcos parallaxes | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=355 | issue=2 | pages=601–607 |date=December 2004 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08344.x | bibcode=2004MNRAS.355..601Y | doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=allen_tse_516>{{citation | last1=Cox | first1=Arthur N. | last2=Becker | first2=Stephen A. | last3=Pesnell | first3=W. Dean | chapter=Chapter 20. Theoretical Stellar Evolution | page=516 | title=Allen's astrophysical quantities | year=2000 | edition=4th | isbn=0-387-98746-0 | publisher=Springer | location=New York | chapter-url=http://extras.springer.com/2000/978-0-387-95189-8/BookChap/book20.pdf | access-date=2012-01-25 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044047/http://extras.springer.com/2000/978-0-387-95189-8/BookChap/book20.pdf | url-status=dead }} See table 20.5</ref> <ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=rho Per -- Semi-regular pulsating Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Rho+Persei | access-date=2012-01-24 }}</ref> <ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | access-date=2012-01-16 | archive-date=2013-12-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203222826/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=gcvs3>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Kukarkin | first1=B. V. | last2=Kholopov | first2=P. N. | last3=Pskovsky | first3=Y. P. | last4=Efremov | first4=Y. N. | last5=Kukarkina | first5=N. P. | last6=Kurochkin | first6=N. E. | last7=Medvedeva | first7=G. I. | title=General Catalogue of Variable Stars | edition=3rd | year=1971 | bibcode=1971GCVS3.C......0K }}</ref> <ref name=allen1899>{{citation | first1=Richard Hinckley | last1=Allen | title=Star-names and their meanings | journal=New York | publisher=G. E. Stechert | year=1899 | page=334 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA334 | bibcode=1899sntm.book.....A }}</ref> <ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | title=GORGONEA TERTIA (Rho Persei) | work=Stars | publisher=University of Illinois | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/gorgtert.html | access-date=2012-01-25 }}</ref> <ref name=Eggen1992>{{citation | last1=Eggen | first1=Olin J. | title=Asymptotic giant branch stars near the sun | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=104 | issue=1 | pages=275–313 | date=July 1992 | doi=10.1086/116239 | bibcode=1992AJ....104..275E }}</ref> }} ==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060201031842/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/gorgtert.html Gorgonea Tertia] {{Stars of Perseus}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rho Persei}}  [[Category:M-type giants]] [[Category:Asymptotic-giant-branch stars]] [[Category:Semiregular variable stars]] [[Category:Zeta Herculis Moving Group]]  [[Category:Perseus (constellation)]] [[Category:Bayer objects|Persei, Rho]] [[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+38 0630]] [[Category:Flamsteed objects|Persei, 25]] [[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|019058]] [[Category:Hipparcos objects|014354]] [[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|0921]] [[Category:Stars with proper names|Gorgonea Tertia]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">Template:Citation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Citation&action=edit" title="Template:Citation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit" 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