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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-出生同父母關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出生同父母關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>出生同父母關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出生同父母關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-做秦王嘅時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#做秦王嘅時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>做秦王嘅時期</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-做秦王嘅時期-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去做秦王嘅時期細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-做秦王嘅時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-攝政" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攝政"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>攝政</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攝政-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-嫪毐嘅政變" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#嫪毐嘅政變"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>嫪毐嘅政變</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-嫪毐嘅政變-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一次暗殺" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次暗殺"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>第一次暗殺</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次暗殺-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次暗殺" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次暗殺"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>第二次暗殺</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次暗殺-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-統一中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#統一中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>統一中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-統一中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-秦朝皇帝嘅統治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#秦朝皇帝嘅統治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>秦朝皇帝嘅統治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-秦朝皇帝嘅統治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去秦朝皇帝嘅統治細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-秦朝皇帝嘅統治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-行政改革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政改革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>行政改革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政改革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟改革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟改革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>經濟改革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟改革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-巨型雕像" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#巨型雕像"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>巨型雕像</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-巨型雕像-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三次刺殺企圖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三次刺殺企圖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>第三次刺殺企圖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三次刺殺企圖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公共工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公共工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>公共工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公共工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疏仕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疏仕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>疏仕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疏仕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">嬴政</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有178種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-178" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">178種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 亞齊文" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亞齊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuangdi" title="Qin Shihuangdi – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Qin Shihuangdi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%AA%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ጪን ሽኋንግ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጪን ሽኋንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynn_Sc%C4%AB_Huang" title="Cynn Scī Huang – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cynn Scī Huang" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC" title="تشين شي هوانج – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشين شي هوانج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%A2_%DC%AB%DC%9D_%DC%97%DC%98%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%93" title="ܬܫܝܢ ܫܝ ܗܘܐܢܓ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܢ ܫܝ ܗܘܐܢܓ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%89_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC" title="تشين شى هوانج – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشين شى هوانج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%82" title="ক্যিন ছি হোৱং – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্যিন ছি হোৱং" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 艾馬拉文" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾馬拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_%C5%9Ei_Xuandi" title="Sin Şi Xuandi – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sin Şi Xuandi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82" title="چین شی هوانق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین شی هوانق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цинь Ши Хуан – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цинь Ши Хуан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Цынь Шыхуан-дзі – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цынь Шыхуан-дзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Цынь Шыхуандзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цынь Шыхуандзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цин Шъхуан – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цин Шъхуан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 比斯拉馬文" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉馬文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 班巴拉文" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="ছিন শি হুয়াং – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ছিন শি হুয়াং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆིན་ཧྲི་ཧོང་། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆིན་ཧྲི་ཧོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ACng_S%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hu%C3%B2ng" title="Cìng Sṳ̄-huòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cìng Sṳ̄-huòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چین شی ھوانگ – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین شی ھوانگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin_Si_Hong" title="Cin Si Hong – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cin Si Hong" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsin_%C5%9Ei_Hua%C3%B1" title="Tsin Şi Huañ – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tsin Şi Huañ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchin_%C5%A0%E2%80%99-chuang-ti" title="Čchin Š’-chuang-ti – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čchin Š’-chuang-ti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 卡舒布文" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%84%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цин҄ь Шихоуанди – 宗教斯拉夫文" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Цин҄ь Шихоуанди" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="宗教斯拉夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuangdi" title="Qin Shihuangdi – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qin Shihuangdi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%9D%DE%A9_%DE%80%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E" title="ޗިން ޝީ ހުއަންގ – 迪維西文" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗިން ޝީ ހުއަންގ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪維西文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B9_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Τσιν Σι Χουάνγκ – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσιν Σι Χουάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27in_Shih-huang" title="Ch'in Shih-huang – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ch'in Shih-huang" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuangdi" title="Qin Shihuangdi – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Qin Shihuangdi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چین شی هوانگ – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چین شی هوانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 富拉文" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 斐濟文" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐濟文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 法羅文" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuangdi" title="Qin Shihuangdi – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Qin Shihuangdi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 弗留利文" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="秦始皇" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 蘇格蘭蓋爾文" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭蓋爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuang" title="Qin Shihuang – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Qin Shihuang" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B5%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD_%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8D%88%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌵𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌷𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 – 哥德文" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌵𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌷𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 豪撒文" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪撒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%ACn_S%E1%B9%B3%CC%81-f%C3%B2ng" title="Chhìn Sṳ́-fòng – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhìn Sṳ́-fòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 夏威夷文" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%94-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צ'ין שה-חואנג, קיסר סין – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ין שה-חואנג, קיסר סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="चिन शी हुआंग – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिन शी हुआंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csin_Si_Huang-ti" title="Csin Si Huang-ti – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csin Si Huang-ti" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Ցին Շի Հուանդի – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցին Շի Հուանդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="始皇帝 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="始皇帝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 牙買加克裏奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克裏奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ცინ შიხუანდი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცინ შიხუანდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цин Шихуан – 卡巴爾達文" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Цин Шихуан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴爾達文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84_%EC%8B%9C%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="진 시황제 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진 시황제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 科隆文" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingus" title="Chingus – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chingus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 拉迪諾文" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪諾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89" title="ຈິນຊີຮ່ອງເຕ້ – 寮文" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈິນຊີຮ່ອງເຕ້" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="寮文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0i_Huangdi" title="Ši Huangdi – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ši Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cji%C5%86s_%C5%A0ihuans" title="Cjiņs Šihuans – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cjiņs Šihuans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Ши Хуанди – 莫克沙文" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Цинь Ши Хуанди" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Чјин Ши Хуанг – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чјин Ши Хуанг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF" title="ചിൻ ഷി ഹ്വാങ്ങ് ഡി – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിൻ ഷി ഹ്വാങ്ങ് ഡി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цинь Ши Хуан – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цинь Ши Хуан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="छिन षी ह्वांग – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="छिन षी ह्वांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ချင်ရှီဟွမ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချင်ရှီဟွမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چین شی هوان – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چین شی هوان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuangdi" title="Qin Shihuangdi – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Qin Shihuangdi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="चिन शि हुआङ्ग – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिन शि हुआङ्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਚਿਨ ਸ਼ੀ ਹੁਆਂਗ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿਨ ਸ਼ੀ ਹੁਆਂਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 潘帕嘉文" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="潘帕嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چن شی ہوانگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چن شی ہوانگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B9_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Τσιν Σι Χουάνγκ – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσιν Σι Χουάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چېن شي هوانگ – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چېن شي هوانگ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuang" title="Qin Shihuang – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Qin Shihuang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihung-di" title="Qin Shihung-di – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Qin Shihung-di" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D1%96_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Цінь Ші Хуан-ді – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цінь Ші Хуан-ді" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 北方薩米文" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方薩米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82" title="චින් ෂි හුවාං – 僧伽羅文" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චින් ෂි හුවාං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchin_%C5%A0%E2%80%99-chuang-ti" title="Čchin Š’-chuang-ti – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čchin Š’-chuang-ti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چن شی ہوانگ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="چن شی ہوانگ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cin_%C5%A0i_Huang" title="Čin Ši Huang – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čin Ši Huang" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 索馬利文" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索馬利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ћин Ши Хуанг – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћин Ши Хуанг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 巽他文" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qin Shi Huangdi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="சின் சி ஹுவாங் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சின் சி ஹுவாங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Син Ши Хуанди – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Син Ши Хуанди" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="จิ๋นซีฮ่องเต้ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิ๋นซีฮ่องเต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_%C5%9Ei_Huang" title="Çin Şi Huang – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Şi Huang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 特威文" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="特威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%A7%DA%AD" title="چىن شىخۇاڭ – 維吾爾文" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چىن شىخۇاڭ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="維吾爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Цінь Ши Хуан-ді – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цінь Ши Хуан-ді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="چن شی ہوانگ – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چن شی ہوانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Shixuandi" title="Sin Shixuandi – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sin Shixuandi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%27_%C5%A0ihuandi" title="Cin' Šihuandi – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cin' Šihuandi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7n_Th%E1%BB%A7y_Ho%C3%A0ng" title="Tần Thủy Hoàng – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tần Thủy Hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Qin Shi Huang" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秦始皇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Цинь Шихуанди – 卡爾梅克文" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цинь Шихуанди" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡爾梅克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ცინ შიხუანდი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცინ შიხუანდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קין שי הואנג – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קין שי הואנג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenz_Hij_Vuengz" title="Caenz Hij Vuengz – 壯文" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Caenz Hij Vuengz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秦始皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="秦始皇帝 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="秦始皇帝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AEn_S%C3%AD_H%C3%B4ng" title="Chîn Sí Hông – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chîn Sí Hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&oldid=2198295" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&id=2198295&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AC%25B4%25E6%2594%25BF"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25AC%25B4%25E6%2594%25BF"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7192" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2009783">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">呢篇文<b>冇<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">引</a>任何嘅<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">出處</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"> 請幫手<a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit">改</a>好呢篇文，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B1%82%E8%AD%89%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:求證得到">加返出處同埋寫低根據</a>。冇根據或冇出處嘅嘢可能隨時受到質疑；經唔起質疑就會畀人<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B1%82%E8%AD%89%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:求證得到">剷走</a>。</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>  「秦始皇」跳轉到呢度。想搵<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="亞洲電視">亞洲電視</a>劇集，請睇「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87_(%E4%BA%9E%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87%E9%9B%86)" title="秦始皇 (亞視劇集)">秦始皇 (亞視劇集)</a></b>」。</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">嬴政</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Qinshihuangdi3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Qinshihuangdi3.jpg/220px-Qinshihuangdi3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Qinshihuangdi3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">姓名原文</th><td style="">嬴政</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">出生日</th><td style="">前259年正月</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">出生地</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E9%84%B2" title="邯鄲">邯鄲</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P19" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">死亡日</th><td style="">前210年六月或七月</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">死亡地</th><td style="">沙丘</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">死因</th><td style="">Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P509" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">國籍</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6" title="秦">秦</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P27" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">識嘅語言</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P1412" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">職業</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA" title="政治人">政治人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">皇帝</a>、ruler、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P106" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">仔女</th><td style="">Prince Jianglü、Prince Gao、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AC%B0" title="子嬰">子嬰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BA%A5" title="胡亥">胡亥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E8%98%87" title="扶蘇">扶蘇</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P40" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">家族</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P53" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">阿爸</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E8%8E%8A%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦莊襄王">秦莊襄王</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">阿媽</th><td style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E5%A7%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙姬 (無呢版)">趙姬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background:#ddf; color: black; width:30%;;">兄弟姊妹</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AC%B0" title="子嬰">子嬰</a>、Chengjiao <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192?uselang=yue#P3373" title="喺Wikidata改呢個"><img alt="喺Wikidata改呢個" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddf; color: black;"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7192" class="extiw" title="d:Q7192">改維基數據</a>]</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%B0" title="Template:維基數據人物明細"><abbr title="去睇呢個模">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%B0" title="Template talk:維基數據人物明細"><abbr title="傾呢個模">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qinshihuang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qinshihuang.jpg/220px-Qinshihuang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qinshihuang.jpg/330px-Qinshihuang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qinshihuang.jpg/440px-Qinshihuang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>秦始皇肖像</figcaption></figure> <p><ruby><rb><b>秦始皇</b></rb><rt><span>ceon<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> ci<span class="Jpingtone">2</span> wong<span class="Jpingtone">4</span></span></rt></ruby>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B1%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%A0" title="稱量不公章">稱</a><ruby><rb><b>嬴政</b></rb><rt><span>jing<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> zing<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></span></rt></ruby>）（<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D259%E5%B9%B4" title="前259年">前259年</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D210%E5%B9%B4" title="前210年">前210年</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E5%A7%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嬴姓 (無呢版)"><b>嬴</b></a>姓，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E6%B0%8F" title="趙氏"><b>趙</b></a>氏，名<b>政</b>，有時又稱<b>趙政</b>（或稱為<b>趙正</b>），歷史書多寫作<b>秦王政</b>或<b>始皇帝</b>。佢係中國<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>首個皇帝，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99_(%E5%91%A8)" title="趙 (周)">趙國</a>首都<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E9%84%B2" title="邯鄲">邯鄲</a>，父為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E5%AD%90%E6%A5%9A" title="嬴子楚">嬴子楚</a>、母為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E5%A7%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙姬 (無呢版)">趙姬</a>，又係<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="中國史">中國史</a>上第一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="中國皇帝">皇帝</a>。 </p><p>公元前247年（<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B" title="戰國">戰國</a>時代），他承繼<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦國">秦</a>莊襄王<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E5%AD%90%E6%A5%9A" title="嬴子楚">嬴子楚</a>做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦王 (無呢版)">秦王</a>。佢統治之下開始滅其他六國嘅大計。最後公元前221年完成呢個計劃，同臣下相討新尊號時，決定<b>始皇帝</b>。坊間謂「功蓋三皇，德超五帝」而合稱皇帝，實情同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" title="史記">史記</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="始皇帝本紀 (無呢版)">始皇帝本紀</a>唔同。皇字取自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="泰皇">泰皇</a>之皇，帝係古時帝號。 </p><p>之後佢繼續南征<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" title="百越">百越</a>，北征<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>。公元前210年，佢因為喺出巡期間病死沙丘，個仔<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BA%A5" title="胡亥">胡亥</a>繼位，史稱「秦二世」。有後世人稱他<b>秦始皇</b>，或者<b>秦始皇帝</b>。 </p><p>喺中國歷史上，秦始皇第一個採用君主專制制度同埋推行中央集權，亦係第一個用「皇帝」稱號（唔計追尊皇帝）。統一天下之後推行多項政策。書同文，車同軌，統一度量衡等政策對後世影響深遠。而佢建立嘅法制就奠定咗中國兩千幾年政治制度嘅基本格局。亦因為咁，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E" title="大明">大明</a>思想家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李贄 (無呢版)">李贄</a>就喺《藏書·世紀列傳總目》裏面，稱讚佢係「千古一帝」。 </p><p>不過，秦始皇在位期間搞咗多項大型工程，比如修築<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="萬里長城">萬里長城</a>、阿房宮、驪山陵等，兼夾搞暴政（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E6%9B%B8%E5%9D%91%E5%84%92" title="焚書坑儒">焚書坑儒</a>），令百姓苦不堪言，令到秦朝喺佢死後三年就滅亡。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出生同父母關係"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.94.9F.E5.90.8C.E7.88.B6.E6.AF.8D.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>出生同父母關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 出生同父母關係"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>呢個係<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>嘅出世同家庭背景。根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢朝</a>時<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>撰寫嘅《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" title="史記">史記</a>》，秦始皇係秦國太子<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B4%E7%95%B0%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="嬴異人">嬴異人</a>（後來嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E8%8E%8A%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦莊襄王">秦莊襄王</a>）嘅大仔。當時嬴異人喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="趙國">趙國</a>做人質，保證秦趙兩國嘅休戰協議。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 嬴異人一見鍾情咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E4%B8%8D%E9%9F%8B" title="呂不韋">呂不韋</a>嘅一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="妾">妾</a>。呂不韋係<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="魏國">魏國</a>嘅富商。呂不韋答應畀佢做嬴異人嘅老婆，之後佢就叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E5%A7%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙姬 (無呢版)">趙姬</a>。佢俾人改名叫趙政，個「政」字係因為佢出世嘅月份係「正月」，即係農曆嘅第一個月；<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 「趙」姓係嚟自佢老豆嘅血統，同佢阿媽嘅姓氏或者出生地冇關。<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B9%E6%93%9A" title="Wikipedia:根據">[未記出處或冇根據]</a></sup>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8B%E5%BF%A0_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宋忠 (三國) (無呢版)">宋忠</a>話佢嘅生日重要嘅係正月初一。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）呂不韋嘅計謀之後幫助嬴異人喺公元前250年成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E8%8E%8A%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦莊襄王">秦莊襄王</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Ren_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ren-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>不過，《史記》都聲稱秦始皇唔係嬴異人嘅親生仔，而係呂不韋嘅仔。<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根據呢個講法，當呂不韋將舞女介紹畀太子嘅時候，佢已經係呂不韋嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="妾">妾</a>，仲已經有咗佢嘅身孕，個細路喺異常長嘅懷孕期之後出世。<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根據《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%B0%8F%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B" title="呂氏春秋">呂氏春秋</a>》嘅翻譯，趙姬喺公元前259年，即係<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%98%AD%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦昭襄王">秦昭襄王</a>四十八年嘅正月，喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E9%84%B2" title="邯鄲">邯鄲</a>城生咗日後嘅皇帝。<sup id="cite_ref-LuAnnal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuAnnal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>皇帝係庶出仔嘅講法，喺中國歷史上廣泛流傳，對秦始皇嘅負面評價有好大影響。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 不過，有啲現代學者質疑呢個講法。漢學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%84%E7%99%BE%E7%91%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狄百瑞 (無呢版)">狄百瑞</a>寫道：「我哋有理由相信，描述呢個不尋常懷孕嘅句子係由不知名嘅人加插落《史記》度，目的係抹黑秦始皇，話佢喺政治同出身上都係非法嘅。」<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodde198642–43,_95_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodde198642–43,_95-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Knoblock同Jeffrey Riegel喺佢哋翻譯呂不韋嘅《呂氏春秋》嘅時候，話呢個故事「明顯係假嘅，目的係誹謗呂不韋同抹黑秦始皇」。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 話呂不韋—一個商人—係秦始皇嘅親生老豆，係特別具侮辱性嘅，因為喺後來嘅儒家社會，商人被視為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="四民">四民</a>中最低嘅階層。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodde198643_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodde198643-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="做秦王嘅時期"><span id=".E5.81.9A.E7.A7.A6.E7.8E.8B.E5.98.85.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span><span class="anchor" id="King_of_Qin"></span>做秦王嘅時期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 做秦王嘅時期"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="攝政"><span id=".E6.94.9D.E6.94.BF"></span>攝政</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 攝政"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg/130px-Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg/195px-Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg/260px-Qin_shihuangdi_c01s06i06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>十八世紀嘅秦始皇肖像</figcaption></figure> <p>喺公元前246年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E8%8E%8A%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦莊襄王">秦莊襄王</a>短暫統治咗三年之後就死咗，佢13歲嘅仔就繼承咗王位。<sup id="cite_ref-Ancient_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancient-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 當時趙政仲係細路仔，所以呂不韋就做咗秦國嘅攝政丞相，繼續同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="七雄">七雄</a>嘅其他六國打仗。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 九年之後，喺公元前235年，趙政因為呂不韋捲入咗同太后趙姬嘅醜聞而畀人逼退，於是自己掌權。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E6%88%90%E8%9F%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙成蟜 (無呢版)">趙成蟜</a>，即係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%90%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長安君 (無呢版)">長安君</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-司馬遷《史記·卷043·趙世家》：（赵悼襄王）六年，封长安君以饶。_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-司馬遷《史記·卷043·趙世家》：（赵悼襄王）六年，封长安君以饶。-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 係趙政嘅同父異母兄弟，同老豆一樣但阿媽唔同。趙政繼位之後，成蟜喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E7%95%99" title="屯留">屯留</a>造反，投降咗趙國。趙政就將成蟜剩低嘅部下同家人全部處死。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="嫪毐嘅政變"><span id=".E5.AB.AA.E6.AF.90.E5.98.85.E6.94.BF.E8.AE.8A"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%AA%E6%AF%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嫪毐 (無呢版)">嫪毐</a>嘅政變</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 嫪毐嘅政變"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當趙政大咗，呂不韋開始擔心個後生王會發現佢同佢阿媽<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E5%A7%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙姬 (無呢版)">趙姬</a>嘅關係。佢決定疏遠佢哋，幫太后搵個替身。佢搵到一個叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%AA%E6%AF%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嫪毐 (無呢版)">嫪毐</a>嘅人。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根據《史記》，嫪毐扮成太監，剃晒鬍鬚。之後嫪毐同趙姬相處得好好，仲偷偷生咗兩個仔。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 嫪毐畀封為侯爵，仲收到好多財富。嫪毐打算用自己嘅仔取代趙政，但係喺一次飯局度，有人聽到佢吹水話自己係年輕國王嘅繼父。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 喺公元前238年，當國王去緊舊都<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="雍">雍</a>嘅時候，嫪毐偷咗太后嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%92%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="玉璽">玉璽</a>，仲動員咗一支軍隊發動<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="政變">政變</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 趙政知道咗之後，就命令呂不韋畀<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長平君 (無呢版)">長平君</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8C%E6%96%87%E5%90%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昌文君 (無呢版)">昌文君</a>去打嫪毐。雖然王師喺都城殺咗幾百個叛軍，但係嫪毐成功咗逃走。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>人哋出一百萬銅幣賞，活捉嫪毐；如果殺咗佢就畀五十萬。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 嫪毐嘅支持者畀人捉到斬頭；嫪毐畀五架馬車拉住，撕成五塊，佢全家都畀處死到三代。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 兩個藏起嚟嘅仔都畀殺死，阿媽趙姬就畀軟禁到好多年之後死。呂不韋喺公元前235年飲咗一杯有毒嘅酒自殺。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 之後嬴政就正式做咗秦國嘅國王。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF" title="李斯">李斯</a>取代咗呂不韋，做咗新嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%9E%E7%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國丞相 (無呢版)">丞相</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一次暗殺"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E6.9A.97.E6.AE.BA"></span>第一次暗殺</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 第一次暗殺"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg/260px-Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg/390px-Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg/520px-Assassination_attempt_on_Qin_Shi_Huang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%8A%E8%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荊軻 (無呢版)">荊軻</a>刺秦王嘅圖畫；荊軻（左）畀秦始皇嘅醫生捉住（左邊背景）。暗殺用嘅匕首插喺柱度。秦始皇（右）手持玉璋。一個士兵（最右）衝過嚟救佢嘅皇帝——<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" title="東漢">東漢</a>時期（三世紀）嘅石刻</figcaption></figure> <p>趙政帶住軍隊繼續征服鄰國。<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="燕國">燕國</a>比唔上秦國：小同埋弱，已經成日畀秦國軍隊騷擾。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 喺公元前227年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%95%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燕太子丹 (無呢版)">燕太子丹</a>策劃暗殺趙政，請咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%8A%E8%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荊軻 (無呢版)">荊軻</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E8%88%9E%E9%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦舞陽 (無呢版)">秦舞陽</a>嚟執行任務。<sup id="cite_ref-Ren_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ren-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>啲刺客假扮係送禮嘅外交使節嚟接近趙政：送<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="督亢 (無呢版)">督亢</a>嘅地圖同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%8A%E6%96%BC%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="樊於期 (無呢版)">樊於期</a>嘅人頭。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 秦舞陽首先上前獻地圖，但係因為驚到震震，荊軻就頂上去，帶埋兩樣禮物，仲解釋話佢拍檔震係因為「未見過<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90" title="天子">天子</a>」。當匕首從地圖度跌出嚟嘅時候，國王即刻跳起身諗住拔劍——但係佢身邊嘅大臣冇一個畀攞武器。荊軻向國王刺過去但係冇中，趙政就劈親荊軻條大脾。荊軻絕望咁掟咗個匕首，但係又冇中。佢同國王糾纏咗一陣，仲受咗更多傷，最後就投降。燕國喺五年之後畀秦國全部攻陷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二次暗殺"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E6.9A.97.E6.AE.BA"></span>第二次暗殺</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 第二次暗殺"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%BC%B8%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高漸離 (無呢版)">高漸離</a>係荊軻嘅好朋友，想為佢報仇。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Sps (無呢版)">Template:Sps</a> 佢係個出名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%AE%8F" title="古箏">箏</a>手，畀人請去彈畀趙政聽。宮裡面有人認得佢，估到佢想做咩。<sup id="cite_ref-Wu_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 國王唔想殺咁叻嘅音樂家，就叫人挖咗佢對眼，然後繼續表演。國王讚高漸離彈得好，仲畀佢坐近啲。個箏入咗一塊鉛，高漸離揮埋去想打國王，但係打唔中。第二次暗殺又失敗咗；高漸離好快就畀處死。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="統一中國"><span id=".E7.B5.B1.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>統一中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 統一中國"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E6%BB%85%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦滅六國 (無呢版)">秦滅六國</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qin_Unification.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qin_Unification.png/330px-Qin_Unification.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qin_Unification.png/495px-Qin_Unification.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Qin_Unification.png/660px-Qin_Unification.png 2x" data-file-width="1272" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>秦國統一<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="七雄">七雄</a>嘅過程。</figcaption></figure> <p>喺公元前230年，趙政開始咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代">戰國時代</a>嘅最後一場戰事，要征服剩低嘅六個大國，將中國統一喺秦國嘅統治之下。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>係戰國七雄之中最弱嘅一個，喺公元前230年第一個畀滅。喺229年，秦軍入侵<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="趙國">趙國</a>，趙國之前畀天災搞到好弱，喺228年畀人攻陷咗首都<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E9%84%B2" title="邯鄲">邯鄲</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%98%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="趙王嘉 (無呢版)">趙王嘉</a>帶住趙國嘅殘兵逃走，建立咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代國 (戰國) (無呢版)">代國</a>，自己做國王，但係冇幾耐就畀人滅咗。 </p><p>喺公元前227年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%95%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燕太子丹 (無呢版)">燕太子丹</a>擔心秦國入侵，就叫人<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87#第一次暗殺" class="mw-redirect" title="秦始皇">暗殺</a>趙政，但係失敗咗。呢件事畀咗趙政藉口喺226年入侵<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="燕國">燕國</a>，仲係同年攻陷咗首都<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="薊">薊</a>（即係而家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="北京">北京</a>）。燕國嘅殘兵同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%95%E7%8E%8B%E5%96%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燕王喜 (無呢版)">燕王喜</a>成功逃去咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="遼東半島">遼東半島</a>。 </p><p>秦國圍攻同水淹<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大梁 (無呢版)">大梁</a>（即係而家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81" title="開封">開封</a>）之後，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="魏國">魏國</a>喺公元前225年投降。大概同一時間，秦國搶咗十個城市喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="楚國">楚國</a>度，楚國係其他戰國之中最大同最強嘅一個。喺224年，秦國開始全面入侵楚國，喺223年攻陷咗首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BD%E6%98%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="壽春">壽春</a>。喺222年，秦軍剷平咗遼東嘅燕國殘餘勢力同代國。喺221年，秦軍入侵<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="齊國">齊國</a>，齊王<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%BB%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齊王建 (無呢版)">齊王建</a>冇乜抵抗就畀人捉住，結束咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代">戰國時代</a>。 </p><p>到咗公元前221年，所有中原地區都統一喺秦國之下。趙政自封為始皇帝，創造咗呢個稱號，之後兩千年都會用嚟稱呼中國嘅君主。秦始皇仲叫人將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%8F%E7%92%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和氏璧 (無呢版)">和氏璧</a>雕刻成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E5%9C%8B%E7%92%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳國璽 (無呢版)">傳國璽</a>，做為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%BD" title="天命">天命</a>嘅實物象徵，一直傳畀歷代皇帝，直到喺十世紀失傳。 </p><p>喺公元前215年，秦始皇為咗擴大秦國領土，下令<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E6%8A%97%E6%93%8A%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦抗擊匈奴之戰 (無呢版)">對北方嘅匈奴進行軍事行動</a>。秦軍由<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%81%AC" title="蒙恬">蒙恬</a>將軍帶領，成功將匈奴逐出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%82%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄂爾多斯高原 (無呢版)">鄂爾多斯高原</a>，為日後修築<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="萬里長城">萬里長城</a>奠定咗基礎。喺南方，秦始皇都下令進行幾次<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%81%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦南征百越 (無呢版)">對越族嘅軍事行動</a>，吞併咗而家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" title="廣東">廣東</a>同越南嘅好多地區。<sup id="cite_ref-Haw_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haw-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="秦朝皇帝嘅統治"><span id=".E7.A7.A6.E6.9C.9D.E7.9A.87.E5.B8.9D.E5.98.85.E7.B5.B1.E6.B2.BB"></span>秦朝皇帝嘅統治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 秦朝皇帝嘅統治"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="行政改革"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9"></span>行政改革</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 行政改革"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E8%A9%B3%E6%83%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:詳情 (無呢版)">Template:詳情</a> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qin_Dynasty.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qin_Dynasty.png/220px-Qin_Dynasty.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qin_Dynasty.png/330px-Qin_Dynasty.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qin_Dynasty.png/440px-Qin_Dynasty.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>秦朝嘅行政區劃</figcaption></figure> <p>為咗避免重現<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代">戰國時代</a>嘅政治混亂，秦始皇同李斯致力於徹底廢除鬆散聯盟同聯邦制度嘅封建制度。<sup id="cite_ref-Veeck_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veeck-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haw_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haw-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 佢哋將帝國組織成行政單位同子單位：首先係36（後來增至40）個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A1%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="郡（中國） (無呢版)">郡</a>，然後係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%98%85%E7%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中華人民共和國嘅縣 (無呢版)">縣</a>、鄉、同百家單位（里，大致相當於現代嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%98%85%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中華人民共和國嘅街道 (無呢版)">街道</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國居民社區 (無呢版)">社區</a>）。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 分配到呢啲單位嘅人唔再以佢哋嘅原居地或前封建國家嚟識別，例如「楚人」。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 官員任命將基於功績，而唔係世襲權利。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="經濟改革"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9"></span>經濟改革</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 經濟改革"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>秦始皇同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF" title="李斯">李斯</a>通過統一<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國度量衡 (無呢版)">度量衡</a>嚟統一中國經濟。佢哋規定車軸長度統一，以方便道路運輸。<sup id="cite_ref-Veeck_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veeck-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 皇帝仲發展咗廣泛嘅道路同運河網絡，用嚟貿易同通訊。<sup id="cite_ref-Veeck_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veeck-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 唔同國家嘅貨幣統一為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%85%A9%E9%8C%A2" title="半兩錢">半兩錢</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢字">漢字</a>嘅形式都統一咗。喺李斯主導下，秦國嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%86%E6%9B%B8" title="篆書">篆書</a>成為官方標準，而秦國文字本身通過去除變體而得到簡化。儘管口語方言多樣化，但呢個做法消除咗所有地區性文字，形成咗全中國通用嘅書面語言。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="巨型雕像"><span id=".E5.B7.A8.E5.9E.8B.E9.9B.95.E5.83.8F"></span>巨型雕像</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 巨型雕像"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據中國史料記載，<sup id="cite_ref-Sima_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sima-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 秦始皇喺公元前221年統一國家之後，沒收咗所有被征服國家嘅青銅武器，將佢哋鑄成十二座巨型雕像，即「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金人十二 (無呢版)">金人十二</a>」，用嚟裝飾佢嘅宮殿。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 據講每座雕像高5丈（11.5米），重約千石（約70噸）。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 司馬遷認為呢個係皇帝嘅偉大成就之一，同「統一法律、度量衡、車軸闊度同書寫系統」並駕齊驅。<sup id="cite_ref-Sima_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sima-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 喺600年間，呢啲雕像一直受到評論，並喺唔同宮殿之間移動，直到公元4世紀先最終被毀壞，但冇任何圖像留存。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="哲學"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 哲學"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：[[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法家（中國哲學） (無呢版)">法家（中國哲學）</a>]]同[[:<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E6%9B%B8%E5%9D%91%E5%84%92" title="焚書坑儒">焚書坑儒</a>]]</div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Chinese_Legalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Chinese Legalism (無呢版)">Template:Chinese Legalism</a> </p><p>雖然之前嘅戰國時期係持續不斷嘅戰爭時期，但都被視為自由思想嘅黃金時代。<sup id="cite_ref-Goldman_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldman-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 秦始皇消滅咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" title="諸子百家">諸子百家</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>同其他哲學。<sup id="cite_ref-Goldman_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldman-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 隨住所有其他哲學被禁止，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法家（中國哲學） (無呢版)">法家</a>成為秦朝嘅強制性意識形態。<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>從公元前213年開始，喺李斯嘅慫恿下，為咗避免學者將佢嘅統治同過去比較，秦始皇下令燒毀大多數現存嘅書籍，只有關於占星術、農業、醫學、占卜同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦國">秦國</a>歷史嘅書籍例外。<sup id="cite_ref-Lih_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lih-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 呢個做法亦有助於通過移除過時文字例子嚟進一步改革書寫系統。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClements2006131_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClements2006131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 擁有《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" title="詩經">詩經</a>》或《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="尚書">尚書</a>》會受到特別嚴厲嘅懲罰。根據後來嘅《史記》記載，第二年秦始皇將約460名學者活埋，因為佢哋擁有被禁嘅書籍。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lih_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lih-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 皇帝嘅長子<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E8%98%87" title="扶蘇">扶蘇</a>批評佢呢個做法。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 皇帝自己嘅圖書館保留咗被禁書籍嘅副本，但大部分喺公元前206年<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%BE%BD" title="項羽">項羽</a>燒毀咸陽宮殿時被毀。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200774–75,_119,_148–49_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200774–75,_119,_148–49-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>最近嘅研究表明，呢個「活埋儒生」可能係儒家烈士嘅傳說。更可能嘅係，皇帝下令處決一群曾經欺騙佢嘅煉丹術士。喺隨後嘅漢朝，忠誠服務秦朝嘅儒生利用呢個事件嚟同失敗嘅政權劃清界線。孔子嘅後人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔安國 (無呢版)">孔安國</a>（約公元前165年至前74年）將煉丹術士描述成儒生，並將烈士傳說同佢喺祖宅被拆嘅牆後發現失傳儒家經典嘅故事結合喺一齊。<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>秦始皇仲遵循<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五行（中國哲學） (無呢版)">五行</a>理論：金、木、水、火、土。當時認為之前嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="周朝">周朝</a>皇室係以火嘅力量統治，同紅色有關。新嘅秦朝必須由名單上嘅下一個元素統治，即係水，亦即趙政嘅出生元素。水由黑色代表，黑色成為秦朝服飾、旗幟同旌旗嘅首選顏色。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 其他相關嘅包括北方作為主要方位、冬季同數字六。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 符節同官帽長15厘米（5.9英寸），車寬2米（6.6英尺）<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Convert_messages#%s" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Convert messages"><span title="Convert: %s">convert: %s</span></a></i>]</sup>%s，一<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%98%85%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國嘅度量衡 (無呢版)">步</a>係1.4 m（4.6 ft）。<sup id="cite_ref-wood_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第三次刺殺企圖"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E6.AC.A1.E5.88.BA.E6.AE.BA.E4.BC.81.E5.9C.96"></span>第三次刺殺企圖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯小節: 第三次刺殺企圖"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：[[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E8%89%AF%EF%BC%88%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="張良（西漢） (無呢版)">張良（西漢）</a>]]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/220px-%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/330px-%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg/440px-%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%A1%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3317" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption>秦始皇東巡時嘅雕塑</figcaption></figure> <p>公元前230年，秦國打敗咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>。到公元前218年，一個叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E8%89%AF%EF%BC%88%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="張良（西漢） (無呢版)">張良</a>嘅前韓國貴族發誓要向秦始皇報仇。佢賣咗自己嘅財物，雇咗一個大力士刺客，造咗一個重120<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%A4" title="斤">斤</a>（大約160磅或97公斤）嘅重型金屬錐。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 喺皇帝第三次巡遊期間，兩個人喺皇帝經過一座山嘅路線上嘅灌木叢中埋伏。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 一聲令下，大力士刺客將金屬錐掟向第一架車，將佢砸碎。不過，皇帝當時係坐緊兩架一模一樣嘅車嚟迷惑攻擊者，佢其實坐喺第二架車度。所以呢次刺殺企圖失敗咗，<sup id="cite_ref-Wintle_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wintle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 雖然兩個人都成功逃脫咗隨後嘅搜捕。<sup id="cite_ref-Mah_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公共工程"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.85.B1.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>公共工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯小節: 公共工程"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=15" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E4%B8%8D%E9%9F%8B" title="呂不韋">呂不韋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF" title="李斯">李斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E9%AB%98" title="趙高">趙高</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏仕"><span id=".E7.96.8F.E4.BB.95"></span>疏仕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF&action=edit&section=16" title="編輯小節: 疏仕"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wood-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wood_1-6">1.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Frances. (2008). <i>China's First Emperor and His Terracotta Warriors</i>, pp. 2–33. Macmillan Publishing, 2008. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-312-38112-3" title="Special:書本來源/0-312-38112-3">0-312-38112-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima199335,_59_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSima1993">Sima 1993</a>, pp. 35, 59.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFSima1993 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_Shiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cite Shiji (無呢版)">Template:Cite Shiji</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ren-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ren_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ren_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ren Changhong & al. <i>Rise and Fall of the Qin Dynasty</i>. Asiapac, 2000. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/981-229-172-5" title="Special:書本來源/981-229-172-5">981-229-172-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Huang_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Huang_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Huang, Ray. <i>China: A Macro History</i> Edition: 2, revised. (1987). M. E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/1-56324-730-5" title="Special:書本來源/1-56324-730-5">1-56324-730-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-56324-730-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-56324-730-9">978-1-56324-730-9</a>. p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LuAnnal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LuAnnal_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lü, Buwei. Translated by Knoblock, John. Riegel, Jeffrey. <i>The Annals of Lü Buwei</i>: Lü Shi Chun <i>Qiu : a Complete Translation and Study</i>. (2000). Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-8047-3354-6" title="Special:書本來源/0-8047-3354-6">0-8047-3354-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-3354-0" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8047-3354-0">978-0-8047-3354-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodde198642–43,_95-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodde198642–43,_95_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodde1986">Bodde 1986</a>, pp. 42–43, 95.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFBodde1986 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription 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a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.pin1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF?"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1,.mw-parser-output a[href$=".PDF#"].external>span[aria-label]>.syu1ming4>.saan1{width:unset;font-size:unset}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.zi6:after{overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2tau4ge3.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0.14em 0 0 0)}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsoflubuwei00"><i>The Annals of Lü Buwei</i></a>. Knoblock, John and Riegel, Jeffrey Trans. Stanford University Press. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-3354-0" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8047-3354-0"><bdi>978-0-8047-3354-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+L%C3%BC+Buwei&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3354-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalsoflubuwei00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span> p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodde198643-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodde198643_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodde1986">Bodde 1986</a>, p. 43.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFBodde1986 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ancient-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ancient_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Donn, Lin. Donn, Don. <i>Ancient China</i>. (2003). Social Studies School Service. Social Studies. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/1-56004-163-3" title="Special:書本來源/1-56004-163-3">1-56004-163-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-56004-163-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-56004-163-4">978-1-56004-163-4</a>. p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPancella2003" class="citation book cs1">Pancella, Peggy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ukbk52TNP8C&q=lu+buwei+scandal&pg=PA12"><i>Qin Shi Huangdi: First Emperor of China</i></a>. Heinemann-Raintree Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4034-3704-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4034-3704-4"><bdi>978-1-4034-3704-4</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518143458/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ukbk52TNP8C&q=lu+buwei+scandal&pg=PA12">歸檔</a>喺18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2020搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qin+Shi+Huangdi%3A+First+Emperor+of+China&rft.pub=Heinemann-Raintree+Library&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4034-3704-4&rft.aulast=Pancella&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ukbk52TNP8C%26q%3Dlu%2Bbuwei%2Bscandal%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-司馬遷《史記·卷043·趙世家》：（赵悼襄王）六年，封长安君以饶。-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-司馬遷《史記·卷043·趙世家》：（赵悼襄王）六年，封长安君以饶。_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">司馬遷《史記·卷043·趙世家》：（赵悼襄王）六年，封长安君以饶。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記》秦始皇本紀：八年，王弟长安君成蟜将军击赵，反，死屯留，军吏皆斩死，迁其民於临洮。将军壁死，卒屯留、蒲鶮反，戮其尸。河鱼大上，轻车重马东就食。《史记秦始皇》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mah-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-1">14.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-2">14.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-3">14.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-4">14.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-5">14.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-6">14.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-7">14.7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mah_14-8">14.8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mah, Adeline Yen. (2003). <i>A Thousand Pieces of Gold: Growing Up Through China's Proverbs</i>. Published by HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-06-000641-2" title="Special:書本來源/0-06-000641-2">0-06-000641-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-000641-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-06-000641-9">978-0-06-000641-9</a>. pp. 32–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記》秦始皇本紀：王知之，令相國昌平君、昌文君發卒攻毐。戰咸陽，斬首數百，皆拜爵，及宦者皆在戰中，亦拜爵一級。毐等敗走。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200715–20,_82,_99_16-2">16.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSima2007">Sima 2007</a>, pp. 15–20, 82, 99.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFSima2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFWard2008" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Jean Elizabeth (2008). <i>The Songs and Ballads of Li He Chang</i>. Lulu.com. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-4357-1867-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-4357-1867-8"><bdi>978-1-4357-1867-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Songs+and+Ballads+of+Li+He+Chang&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4357-1867-8&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Jean+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wu_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFWu1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Hung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Hung (無呢版)">Wu Hung</a> (1989). <i>The Wu Liang Shrine: The Ideology of Early Chinese Pictorial Art</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8047-1529-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8047-1529-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-1529-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wu+Liang+Shrine%3A+The+Ideology+of+Early+Chinese+Pictorial+Art&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-1529-4&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Hung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haw-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haw_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haw_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Haw, Stephen G. (2007). <i>Beijing a Concise History</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-39906-7" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-415-39906-7">978-0-415-39906-7</a>. pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veeck-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Veeck_20-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Veeck_20-1">20.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Veeck_20-2">20.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Veeck, Gregory. Pannell, Clifton W. (2007). <i>China's Geography: Globalization and the Dynamics of Political, Economic, and Social Change</i>. Rowman & Littlefield publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-7425-5402-3" title="Special:書本來源/0-7425-5402-3">0-7425-5402-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-7425-5402-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-7425-5402-3">978-0-7425-5402-3</a>. pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chang-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-0">21.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-1">21.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-2">21.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-3">21.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-4">21.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chang_21-5">21.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFChang2007" class="citation cs2">Chang, Chun-shu (2007), "The rise of the Chinese Empire", <i>Nation, State, and Imperialism in Early China ca. 1600 BC–8 AD</i>, University of Michigan Press, pp. 43–44, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-472-11533-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-472-11533-4"><bdi>978-0-472-11533-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+the+Chinese+Empire&rft.btitle=Nation%2C+State%2C+and+Imperialism+in+Early+China+ca.+1600+BC%E2%80%938+AD&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-472-11533-4&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Chun-shu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sima-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sima_22-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sima_22-1">22.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">《史記》由司馬遷（約公元前145年至前86年）撰寫，繼承劉安喺公元前139年左右嘅《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>》：收天下兵，聚之咸陽，銷以為鍾鐻金人十二，重各千石，置廷宮中。一法度衡石丈尺。車同軌。書同文字。<br /> 「佢收集天下嘅武器喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E9%99%BD" title="咸陽">咸陽</a>，將佢哋鑄造成十二個銅人，每個重千石（約70噸），放喺宮廷中。佢統一咗法律、度量衡，規範咗車軸闊度，同埋統一咗書寫系統。」<br />引用<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFNickel2013" class="citation journal cs1">Nickel, Lukas (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X13000487">"The First Emperor and sculpture in China"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>76</b> (3): 436–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487">10.1017/S0041977X13000487</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+First+Emperor+and+sculpture+in+China&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=436-450&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft.aulast=Nickel&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFLei2020" class="citation book cs1">Lei, Haizong (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dp7bDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14"><i>Chinese Culture and the Chinese Military</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-108-47918-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-108-47918-9"><bdi>978-1-108-47918-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Culture+and+the+Chinese+Military&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-108-47918-9&rft.aulast=Lei&rft.aufirst=Haizong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddp7bDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFNickel2013" class="citation journal cs1">Nickel, Lukas (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X13000487">"The First Emperor and sculpture in China"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>76</b> (3): 436–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487">10.1017/S0041977X13000487</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+First+Emperor+and+sculpture+in+China&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=436-450&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft.aulast=Nickel&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X13000487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHowardHungSongHong2006" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Angela Falco; Hung, Wu; Song, Li; Hong, Yang (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PGuPsNCaJdwC&pg=PA50"><i>Chinese Sculpture</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-10065-5" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-300-10065-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10065-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Sculpture&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10065-5&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Angela+Falco&rft.au=Hung%2C+Wu&rft.au=Song%2C+Li&rft.au=Hong%2C+Yang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPGuPsNCaJdwC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2015" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Gina L. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bAJDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA287"><i>Archaeology of East Asia: The Rise of Civilization in China, Korea and Japan</i></a>. Oxbow. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-78570-073-6" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-78570-073-6"><bdi>978-1-78570-073-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+of+East+Asia%3A+The+Rise+of+Civilization+in+China%2C+Korea+and+Japan&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Oxbow&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78570-073-6&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Gina+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbAJDCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFElsner2020" class="citation book cs1">Elsner, Jaś (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q_7-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>Figurines: Figuration and the Sense of Scale</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-886109-6" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-19-886109-6"><bdi>978-0-19-886109-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Figurines%3A+Figuration+and+the+Sense+of+Scale&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-886109-6&rft.aulast=Elsner&rft.aufirst=Ja%C5%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq_7-DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldman-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Goldman_28-0">28.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Goldman_28-1">28.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, Merle. (1981). <i>China's Intellectuals: Advise and Dissent</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-674-11970-3" title="Special:書本來源/0-674-11970-3">0-674-11970-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-11970-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-674-11970-3">978-0-674-11970-3</a>. p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam. (2004). <i>History of Modern China</i>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/81-269-0315-5" title="Special:書本來源/81-269-0315-5">81-269-0315-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-81-269-0315-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-81-269-0315-3">978-81-269-0315-3</a>. p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lih-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lih_30-0">30.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lih_30-1">30.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Li-Hsiang Lisa Rosenlee. Ames, Roger T. (2006). <i>Confucianism and Women: A Philosophical Interpretation</i>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-7914-6749-X" title="Special:書本來源/0-7914-6749-X">0-7914-6749-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-7914-6749-7" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-7914-6749-7">978-0-7914-6749-7</a>. p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClements2006131-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClements2006131_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClements2006">Clements 2006</a>, p. 131.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFClements2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Twitchett, Denis. Fairbank, John King. Loewe, Michael. <i>The Cambridge History of China: The Ch'in and Han Empires 221 B.C.–A.D. 220</i>. Edition: 3. Cambridge University Press, 1986. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-521-24327-0" title="Special:書本來源/0-521-24327-0">0-521-24327-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-24327-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-521-24327-8">978-0-521-24327-8</a>. p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESima200774–75,_119,_148–49-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESima200774–75,_119,_148–49_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSima2007">Sima 2007</a>, pp. 74–75, 119, 148–49.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFSima2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neininger, Ulrich, <i>Burying the Scholars Alive: On the Origin of a Confucian Martyrs' Legend,</i> <i>Nation and Mythology</i> (in <i>East Asian Civilizations. New Attempts at Understanding Traditions</i>), vol. 2, 1983, eds. Wolfram Eberhard et al., pp. 121–36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/3-88676-041-3" title="Special:書本來源/3-88676-041-3">3-88676-041-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ulrichneininger.de/?p=461">http://www.ulrichneininger.de/?p=461</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">互聯網檔案館</a>嘅<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414161916/http://ulrichneininger.de/?p=461">歸檔</a>，歸檔日期14 April 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murowchick, Robert E. (1994). <i>China: Ancient Culture, Modern Land</i>. University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/0-8061-2683-3" title="Special:書本來源/0-8061-2683-3">0-8061-2683-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-8061-2683-8" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-8061-2683-8">978-0-8061-2683-8</a>. p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSanft2014" class="citation book cs1">Sanft, Charles (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BOhTAgAAQBAJ&dq=Communication%20and%20Cooperation%20in%20Early%20Imperial%20China%20Charles%20Sanft&pg=PA79">"Outline of the Progress / 218 BCE: Third Progress"</a>. <i>Communication and Cooperation in Early Imperial China: Publicizing the Qin Dynasty</i>. State University of New York Press. pp. 79–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1438450377" title="Special:書本來源/978-1438450377"><bdi>978-1438450377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Outline+of+the+Progress+%2F+218+BCE%3A+Third+Progress&rft.btitle=Communication+and+Cooperation+in+Early+Imperial+China%3A+Publicizing+the+Qin+Dynasty&rft.pages=79-84&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1438450377&rft.aulast=Sanft&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBOhTAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DCommunication%2520and%2520Cooperation%2520in%2520Early%2520Imperial%2520China%2520Charles%2520Sanft%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AC%B4%E6%94%BF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wintle-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wintle_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wintle, Justin Wintle. (2002). <i>China</i>. Rough Guides Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/1-85828-764-2" title="Special:書本來源/1-85828-764-2">1-85828-764-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-85828-764-5" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-85828-764-5">978-1-85828-764-5</a>. pp. 61, 71.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">由「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=嬴政&oldid=2198295">https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=嬴政&oldid=2198295</a>」收</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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