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Disponibil în 52 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="حرب شاملة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب شاملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_total" title="Guerra total – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guerra total" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99" title="Total müharibə – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Total müharibə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="عومومی ساواش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عومومی ساواش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Татальная вайна – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Татальная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тотална война – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тотална война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalni_rat" title="Totalni rat – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Totalni rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_total" title="Guerra total – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra total" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88" title="شەڕی تەواو – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی تەواو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tot%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_v%C3%A1lka" title="Totální válka – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Totální válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_diarbed" title="Rhyfel diarbed – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel diarbed" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_krig" title="Total krig – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Total krig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totaler_Krieg" title="Totaler Krieg – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Totaler Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Total war" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totala_milito" title="Totala milito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Totala milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_total" title="Guerra total – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra total" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erabateko_guda" title="Erabateko guda – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erabateko guda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جنگ تمام‌عیار – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ تمام‌عیار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totaalinen_sodank%C3%A4ynti" title="Totaalinen sodankäynti – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Totaalinen sodankäynti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_totale" title="Guerre totale – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre totale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_total" title="Guerra total – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guerra total" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="מלחמה כוללת – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמה כוללת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalni_rat" title="Totalni rat – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Totalni rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tot%C3%A1lis_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Totális háború – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Totális háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Տոտալ պատերազմ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոտալ պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_total" title="Perang total – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang total" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_totale" title="Guerra totale – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra totale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%B7%8F%E5%8A%9B%E6%88%A6" title="国家総力戦 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国家総力戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%9D%EB%A0%A5%EC%A0%84" title="총력전 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="총력전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тотал къазауат – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тотал къазауат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totum_bellum" title="Totum bellum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Totum bellum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tot%C4%81lais_kar%C5%A1" title="Totālais karš – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Totālais karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_total" title="Perang total – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang total" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwerra_totali" title="Gwerra totali – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gwerra totali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totale_oorlog" title="Totale oorlog – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Totale oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_krigf%C3%B8ring" title="Total krigføring – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Total krigføring" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_krig" title="Total krig – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Total krig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_totala" title="Guèrra totala – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra totala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojna_totalna" title="Wojna totalna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wojna totalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_total" title="Guerra total – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra total" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тотальная война – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тотальная война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tot_war" title="Tot war – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tot war" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalni_rat" title="Totalni rat – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Totalni rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalna_vojna" title="Totalna vojna – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Totalna vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" 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dir="ltr"><table style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left: 15px; text-align: center; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; width: 220px;" class="box"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em; border solid thin #0000CC; text-align:center; margin-bottom:5px; background:silver; font-size:12px;"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi" title="Război">Război</a><div><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg/57px-Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="57" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg/85px-Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg/114px-Ramses_II_at_Kadesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="369" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/60px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/89px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/119px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:M1A1_abrams_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M1A1_abrams_front.jpg/75px-M1A1_abrams_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M1A1_abrams_front.jpg/112px-M1A1_abrams_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/M1A1_abrams_front.jpg/149px-M1A1_abrams_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1782" /></a></span></p></div> Istorie militară </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Istorie_militar%C4%83" title="Categorie:Istorie militară">Ere</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEn_epoca_preistoric%C4%83" title="Războiul în epoca preistorică">Preistoric</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEn_Antichitate" title="Războiul în Antichitate">Antic</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEn_Evul_Mediu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul în Evul Mediu — pagină inexistentă">Medieval</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEn_epoca_prafului_de_pu%C8%99c%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul în epoca prafului de pușcă — pagină inexistentă">Praful de pușcă</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_%C3%AEn_epoca_industrial%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul în epoca industrială — pagină inexistentă">Industrial</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul modern — pagină inexistentă">Modern</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;">Spațiu de luptă </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_aerian" title="Război aerian">Aer</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_informa%C8%9Bional" title="Război informațional">Informațional</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_naval" title="Război naval">Mare</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_spa%C8%9Bial" title="Război spațial">Spațial</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_terestru" title="Război terestru">Terestru</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%83" title="Armă">Arme</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Artilerie" title="Artilerie">Artilerie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_biologic" title="Război biologic">Biologic</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_blindat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Război blindat — pagină inexistentă">Blindat</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Cavalerie" title="Cavalerie">Cavalerie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_chimic" title="Război chimic">Chimic</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_electronic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Război electronic — pagină inexistentă">Electronic</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Infanterie" title="Infanterie">Infanterie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_nuclear" title="Război nuclear">Nuclear</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_psihologic" title="Război psihologic">Psihologic</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/Tactic%C4%83_militar%C4%83" title="Tactică militară">Tactică</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ambuscad%C4%83" title="Ambuscadă">Ambuscadă</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Asediu" title="Asediu">Asediu</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_asimetric" title="Război asimetric">Asimetric</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_gheril%C4%83" title="Război de gherilă">Gherilă</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_manevr%C4%83" title="Război de manevră">Manevră</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_preventiv" title="Război preventiv">Preventiv</a> <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Total</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_agresiune" title="Război de agresiune">De agresiune</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_tran%C8%99ee" title="Război de tranșee">De tranșee</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_de_uzur%C4%83" title="Război de uzură">De uzură</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_meteorologic" title="Război meteorologic">Meteorologic</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/Strategie_militar%C4%83" title="Strategie militară">Strategie</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi_economic" title="Război economic">Economică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategie_global%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategie globală — pagină inexistentă">Globală</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_opera%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Război operațional — pagină inexistentă">Operațională</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizare_militar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organizare militară — pagină inexistentă">Organizare</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forma%C8%9Biune_(militar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formațiune (militar) — pagină inexistentă">Formațiuni</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Grad_militar" title="Grad militar">Grade</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Unitate_militar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitate militară">Unități</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Logistic%C4%83_militar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logistică militară — pagină inexistentă">Logistică</a> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linii_militare_de_aprovizionare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linii militare de aprovizionare — pagină inexistentă">Aprovizionare</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehnologie_%C8%99i_echipament_militar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehnologie și echipament militar — pagină inexistentă">Echipament</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 120%; background: white;">Liste </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_antice" title="Lista bătăliilor antice">Lista bătăliilor antice</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_medievale" title="Lista bătăliilor medievale">Lista bătăliilor medievale</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_din_epoca_prafului_de_pu%C8%99c%C4%83" title="Lista bătăliilor din epoca prafului de pușcă">Lista bătăliilor din epoca prafului de pușcă</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_din_epoca_industrial%C4%83" title="Lista bătăliilor din epoca industrială">Lista bătăliilor din epoca industrială</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_b%C4%83t%C4%83liilor_din_epoca_modern%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista bătăliilor din epoca modernă — pagină inexistentă">Lista bătăliilor din epoca modernă</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83zboi" title="Portal:Război">Portal:Război</a></b>   <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:R%C4%83zboi" title="Format:Război"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:R%C4%83zboi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Război — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:R%C4%83zboi&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Războiul total</b> este un conflict de o anvergură maximă, în care factorii politici mobilizează toate resursele disponibile pentru a asigura distrugerea capacităților rivalilor de a se apăra. Războiul total este o practică veche de secole, dar doar în ultimii 140 de ani teoreticienii militari au identificat această clasă separată de <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi" title="Război">război</a>. În războiul total nu există practic necombatanți, toate persoanele dintr-o anumită țară – civili și militari în aceeași măsură – sunt considerați ținte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dezvoltare_conceptuală"><span id="Dezvoltare_conceptual.C4.83"></span>Dezvoltare conceptuală</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_total&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dezvoltare conceptuală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_total&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dezvoltare conceptuală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ww1646-25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ww1646-25.jpg/220px-Ww1646-25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ww1646-25.jpg/330px-Ww1646-25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ww1646-25.jpg/440px-Ww1646-25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>Poster american din timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial care îl citează pe președintele Franklin Roosevelt și îndemnurile adresate tuturor pentru participarea la război</figcaption></figure> <p>Folosirea pentru prima dată a conceptului de „război total” este atribuită lui <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz" title="Carl von Clausewitz">Carl von Clausewitz</a>. Clausewitz era preocupat de conceptul filozofic de „război absolut”, un război eliberat de orice constrângere politică, pe care el îl considera imposibil. Cei doi termeni – „total” și „absolut” – sunt deseori confundați. Christopher Bassford, profesor de strategie la <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_War_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National War College — pagină inexistentă">National War College</a>, descrie diferența: „Conceptul de «război absolut» al lui Clausewitz este destul de diferit față de ultimul concept de «război total». Războiul total era o prescriere pentru adevărata amenințare de război exemplificată de ideile generalului <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a>, care-și asumase de fapt controlul total asupra efortului german de război în timpul primului război mondial. Războiul total din acest punct de vedere implică subordonarea totală a politicului față de efortul de război – o idee pe care Clausewitz o respingea vehement – și ipoteza că victoria totală sau înfrângerea totală sunt singurele opțiuni”.<sup id="cite_ref-CB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Este adevărat că generalul Erich Ludendorff a primul care, în timpul <a href="/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul război mondial">primului război mondial</a> (ca și în cartea sa din 1935 „Războiul total”) a răstălmăcit formula lui Clausewitz, făcând apel la războiul total – mobilizarea completă a tuturor resurselor, inclusiv a sistemelor politice și sociale, cu obiectivul suprem al câștigării victoriei cu orice preț. </p><p>Există mai multe motive pentru schimbare conceptului de război absolut în acela de război total și pentru recunoașterea existenței acestuia din urmă. Principalul motiv este <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolu%C8%9Bia_industial%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revoluția industială — pagină inexistentă">industrializarea</a>. Odată cu dezvoltarea resurselor naturale și capitale ale unei țări devenea tot mai evident faptul că anumite forme de conflict cereau mai multe resurse decât altele. De exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Statele Unite">Statele Unite</a> a folosit mult mai puține resurse pentru înfrângerea unui singur trib de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerindienii_din_Statele_Unite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerindienii din Statele Unite — pagină inexistentă">amerindieni</a>, chiar dacă au fost nevoite să ducă o campanie întinsă pe mai mulți ani, decât în cazul unei singure luni din timpul <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_civil_american" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul civil american">războiului civil american</a>. Costul mai mare al ultimului război este evident. O națiune industrializată poată face distincțiile necesare și poate alege tipul de război în care se dorește să se angajeze. </p><p>În plus, în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolul al XIX-lea</a> războiul devenea din ce în ce mai mult unul mecanizat. O fabrică dintr-un oraș devenea mult mai implicată în producția de război odată cu trecerea timpului. Fabrica însăși devenea o țintă, deoarece contribuia la efortul de război. Ca urmare, și muncitorii fabricii deveneau la rândul lor ținte ale războiului. </p><p>Nu există o definiție general acceptată a războiului total, dar istoricii sunt de acord că atât <a href="/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul război mondial">primul război mondial</a> cât și <a href="/wiki/Al_doilea_r%C4%83zboi_mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Al doilea război mondial">cel de-al doilea</a> ilustrează perfect conceptul. Un număr mare de istorici consideră <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_civil_american" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul civil american">războiul civil american</a> ca fiind primul exemplu de război total,<sup id="cite_ref-DH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în vreme ce alți cercetători consideră războaiele pentru unificarea Germaniei ca fiind primele exemple a acestui tip de război. Definițiile războiului total sunt variate, dar cele mai multe pleacă de la caracterizarea făcută de Roger Chickering în cartea sa <i>Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871-1914</i>: „Războiul total este diferit prin intensitatea și extinderea sa fără precedent. Teatrele de operațiuni se întind pe tot globul; amplitudinea bătăliilor nu are practic limite. Războiul total se poartă cu neglijarea moralității, obiceiurilor sau legilor internaționale, pentru că părțile combatante sunt inspirate de dușmăniile născute de ideologiile moderne. Războiul total presupune mobilizarea nu numai a forțelor armate, dar și a întregii populații. Cel mai important factor hotărâtor al războiului total este includerea răspândită, nediscriminatorie și deliberată a civililor pe lista țintelor militare legitime.” </p><p>Războiul total a dus la mobilizarea <a href="/wiki/Frontul_intern" title="Frontul intern">frontului intern</a>. <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> a devenit o componentă obligatorie a războiului total, necesară pentru mărirea producției și menținerea moralului. Raționalizarea a devenit una dintre metodele principale pentru asigurarea materialelor necesare pentru ducerea războiului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_total&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboi_total&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CB-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CB_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Bassford <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clausewitz.com/CWZHOME/CWZSUMM/CWORKHOL.htm">Clausewitz and his works</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224002155/http://www.clausewitz.com/CWZHOME/CWZSUMM/CWORKHOL.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-02-24">24 februarie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DH-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DH_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Digital History Civil War Guide<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/civwar/index.cfm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209144923/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/civwar/index.cfm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-02-09">9 februarie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Război_total&oldid=15337005">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Război_total&oldid=15337005</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:R%C4%83zboi_dup%C4%83_tip" title="Categorie:Război după tip">Război după tip</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Doctrine_militare" title="Categorie:Doctrine militare">Doctrine militare</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie ascunsă: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 8 decembrie 2022, ora 07:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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