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<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production , Advances, Science Publishing Group</title> <meta name="description" content="Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. "> <meta name="Keywords" content="Biodiesel, Soyabean Soapstock, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/js/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <meta name="dc.title" content="Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production "> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Chinedu Gabriel Mbah"><meta name="dc.creator" content="Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo"><meta name="dc.creator" content="Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="Advances 2024, Volume 5, Page 49"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-07-08"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/pdf"> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"> <meta name="dc.description" content="Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. "> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Biodiesel"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Soyabean Soapstock"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Response Surface Methodology (RSM)"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)"> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2994-7200"> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Advances"> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-07-08"> <meta name="prism.volume" content="5"> <meta name="prism.number" content="2"> <meta name="prism.section" content="Research Article"> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="49"> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="63"> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://www.sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2994-7200"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Advances"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Advances"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production "> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/07"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/07/08"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="5"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="49"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="63"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""> <meta name="citation_language" content="En"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Chinedu Gabriel Mbah"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta name="citation_id" content="6350199"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Akintola, K. G, Ojokoh, B. A. and Daramola, O. A. (2013). A hybrid computational model forevaluating applicants credentials. A study submitted to the department of computerScience, Federal University of Technology, Akure."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Awolu, O. O. and Layokun, S. K. (2013). Optimisation of two-step tranesterificationproductionof biodiesel from neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil. Int J. of Energy and EnvironmentalEngineering, 4, 39-48."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Bezerra, M., Santelli, R., Oliveira, E., Villar, L., &Escaleira, L (2008). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as a Tool for Optimization in Analytical Chemistry. Talanta. 76. 965-977."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences. Vol. 10, No. 5, 2021, pp. 198-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11"><meta name="citation_reference" content="Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli, Victor ChukwuemekaEze. Use of response surface methodology (RSM) in optimization of biodiesel production from cow tallow. International journal of innovations in engineering research and technology. Vol. 8, No. 8, 2021, pp. 91-102."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Fu, Y. J. Zu. Y. G., Wang. L, Zhang, N. J, Liu. W, Li, S. M. and Zhang, S. (2008). Determination of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel produced from yellow corn oil byRP-LC-RID. Chromatographia, 67, 9-14."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Khalil, J., Rashid, A., Aziz, A., Yusup, S., Heikal, M & El-Adawry, M. (2016) Response surfacemethodology for the optimization of the production of rubber seed/palm oil biodiesel, IDI diesel engineperformance, and emissions. Biomass Conv. 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MDPI, 10(10), 36-44."> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13"> <meta property="og:title" content="Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production "> <meta property="og:description" content="Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. 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type="hidden" id="articleUniqueID" value="j.advances.20240502.13"> <div class="article_header"> <div class="article_header_top"> Research Article <span>|</span> <a href="/journal/635/open-access" target="_blank"><img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa"></a> <span>|</span> <a href="/journal/635/peer-review-at-sciencepg" style="color: #00599c; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Peer-Reviewed</a> </div> <h3 class="ArticleTitle">Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production </h3> <div class="article_author"> <span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author0" class="AuthorName" >Chinedu Gabriel Mbah</a><sup>*</sup><a href="http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5255-6182" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a>,  <div class="author_item person-info" id="author0" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Chinedu Gabriel Mbah</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <p class="roles">Contributor Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Writing – original draft</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699944"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> <p><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"><a href="http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5255-6182" target="_blank" class="normal_link">http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5255-6182<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a> </p> </div> </div> </span><span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author1" class="AuthorName" >Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo</a>,  <div class="author_item person-info" id="author1" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <p class="roles">Contributor Roles: Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699945"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> </div> </div> </span><span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author2" class="AuthorName" >Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha</a> <div class="author_item person-info" id="author2" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <p class="roles">Contributor Roles: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699946"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> </div> </div> </span> </div> <div class="published"> <span>Published in </span> <a href="/journal/635/home" target="_blank"><i>Advances</i></a> (<a href="/journal/635/archive/6350502" target="_blank">Volume 5, Issue 2</a>) </div> <div class="article_time"> <span>Received: </span>25 May 2024     <span>Accepted: </span>24 June 2024     <span>Published: </span>8 July 2024 </div> <div class="vd"> <input type="hidden" id="downloadTotalizationUrl" value="https://w.sciencepublishinggroup.com/"> <span>Views:</span> <span class="spanViews"></span>      <span>Downloads:</span> <span class="spanDownloads"></span> </div> <div class="operation clearfix"> <div class="view_more left"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10089832, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', "https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", "pdf\/j.advances.20240502.13", true)" > <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>Download PDF </a> </div>  <div class="add_ope share_btn left"> <a href="javascript:;" id="toggleButton"> <img src="/img/share_icon.png">Share This Article </a> <div class="share_item toggle-div" id="myDiv"> <div class="s-popup__arrow"></div> <div class="share_list"> <ul> <li> <a id="twitterUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/twitter_icon.png">Twitter</a> </li> <li> <a id="linkedInUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/LinkedIn_icon.png">Linked In</a> </li> <li> <a id="facebookUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/facebook_icon.png">Facebook</a> </li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> var twitterUrl = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + twitterUrlEncode("Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production\r\n"); twitterUrl += "&hashtags=" + twitterUrlEncode("Science Publishing Group"); twitterUrl += "&url=" + twitterUrlEncode(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.advances.20240502.13"); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=" + encodeURIComponent("Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production\r\n"); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent("&source=" + location.origin + "&summary=" + getMoreContentShow("Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2<\/sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2<\/sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock.\r\n", 200)) linkedInUrl += "&url=" + encodeURIComponent(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.advances.20240502.13"); var facebookUrl = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" + location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.advances.20240502.13"; </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div class="section" id="abstract"> <div class="Abatract">Abstract</div> <p class="AbatractContent">Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. </p> </div> <div class="article_basic_info"> <table> <tr> <td> <span>Published in</span> </td> <td> <a href="/journal/635/home" target="_blank"><i>Advances</i></a> (<a href="/journal/635/archive/6350502" target="_blank">Volume 5, Issue 2</a>) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>DOI</span> </td> <td> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13" target="_blank">10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Page(s)</span> </td> <td>49-63</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Creative Commons</span> </td> <td> <p class="basic_copyright"><img src="/img/copyright_icon2.png"></p> <p>This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Copyright</span> </td> <td> <p>Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pre_next_article clearfix"> <div class="pre"> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.12"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-left"></i><span>Previous article</span></a> </div> <div class="next"> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.advances.20240503.11"><span>Next article</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="keywords"> <div class="Keywords">Keywords</div> <p class="KeywordsContent">Biodiesel, Soyabean Soapstock, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)</p> </div> <div class="section" id="section1"><div class="Heading1">1. Introduction</div><div class="Text">Renewable energy has become a major research focus due to decreasing fossil fuel reserves and climate implications of their use in the transport and industrial sector <div class="references_link" data-target="#references1"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references1"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[10]</td><td>Oyedepo, S. O. (2012). Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward. EnergySustainSoc, 2(15).</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[10]</div>. Biodiesel, a non-toxic biodegradable fuel has over the years, proven to be a very reliable source of renewable fuels. Biodiesels are generally monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock like vegetable oils and animal fat through esterification and trans esterification reactions <div class="references_link" data-target="#references2"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references2"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[11]</td><td>Toldra-Reig, F, Mora, L and Toldra, F. (2020). Trends in biodiesel production from animal fatwaste. MDPI, 10(10), 36-44.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[11]</div>. Trans esterification is normally carried out using bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as catalysts, while alcohols such as methanol and alcohol are used as solvents due to their availability, affordability and potency in transesterification reactions <div class="references_link" data-target="#references3"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references3"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[4]</td><td>Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences. Vol. 10, No. 5, 2021, pp. 198-206. <p class="doi_link"><a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11" target="_blank" class="normal_link">https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p><div class="view_article"><a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11" target="_blank" class="normal_link">View Article<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[4]</div>. To optimize a dependent variable such as yield in transesterification reactions, process parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio and speed can be varied to ascertain their effect on the process <div class="references_link" data-target="#references4"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references4"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[5]</td><td>Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli, Victor ChukwuemekaEze. Use of response surface methodology (RSM) in optimization of biodiesel production from cow tallow. International journal of innovations in engineering research and technology. Vol. 8, No. 8, 2021, pp. 91-102.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[5]</div>. Response surface methodology (RSM) as an optimization technique can be applied in several fields such as chemical engineering process control and chemical analysis among many other applications <div class="references_link" data-target="#references5"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references5"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[3]</td><td>Bezerra, M., Santelli, R., Oliveira, E., Villar, L., &Escaleira, L (2008). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as a Tool for Optimization in Analytical Chemistry. Talanta. 76. 965-977.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[3]</div> and can be used to determine the optimum conditions in esterification and transesterification reactions. RSM uses regression and correlation analysis to evaluate the effect of two or more independent factors on the dependent variables. Awolu & Layokun, <div class="references_link" data-target="#references6"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references6"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[2]</td><td>Awolu, O. O. and Layokun, S. K. (2013). Optimisation of two-step tranesterificationproductionof biodiesel from neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil. Int J. of Energy and EnvironmentalEngineering, 4, 39-48.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[2]</div> and Kalil et al, <div class="references_link" data-target="#references7"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references7"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[7]</td><td>Khalil, J., Rashid, A., Aziz, A., Yusup, S., Heikal, M & El-Adawry, M. (2016) Response surfacemethodology for the optimization of the production of rubber seed/palm oil biodiesel, IDI diesel engineperformance, and emissions. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 10(10): pp 221.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[7]</div> described RSM as a good optimizer involving a collection of statistical techniques for designing experiments, building models, evaluating the effects of factors and searching for the optimum conditions. For input data that are ambiguous or subject to a relatively high uncertainty, a hybrid fuzzy system such as adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system, (ANFIS) may be a better optimization option when compared to other techniques such as RSM <div class="references_link" data-target="#references8"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references8"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[8]</td><td>Moghaddamnia, A, Ghafari, M, Piri, J, Amin, S and Han, D (2009). Evaporation estimationusing artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system technique. Adv Water Resour 32(1), 88–97.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[8]</div>. ANFIS, an adaptive network is a network structure that connects several nodes to several links. The nodes represent processing units and the links show the connection between those processing units. The rules of learning are made in a way to reduce system error and properly correct the node parameters. To determine the parameters, the ANFIS uses the hybrid learning principle, which combines the method of gradient descent and the least squares method <div class="references_link" data-target="#references9"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references9"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[9]</td><td>Moradi, S and Rafiei, F. M (2019). A dynamic credit risk assessment model with data minningtechniques: evidence from Iranian banks. Financial innovation, 5(15), 2-10.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[9]</div>. This paper highlights the soybean soapstock biodiesel production process and carried out a comparative study of the use of both RSM and ANFIS-PSO as optimization techniques for the process.</div></div><div class="section" id="section2"><div class="Heading1">2. Materials and Methods</div><div class="Text" id="section2_1"><span class='Heading2'>2.1. Reagents and Equipment</span></div><div class="Text">The reagents used were methanol (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) flakes, phenolphthalein, sulphuric acid, magnesium trisilicate, sodium sulphate, n-hexane and diethyl ether. Among the equipmentused were a centrifuge (used for separation of soapstock from water and impurities), electronic weighingbalance (B. Bran Scientific, England), heat drying oven (DHG Series Ocean Med+ England), electronictemperature regulation heating mantle (98-I-B Series), HH-S thermostatic water bath (DKS Series; NingboBiocotek Scientific Instrument Co. Limited, gas chromatography coupled FID and ECD (for obtaining fattyacid profiles) and buck scientific infra-red spectrophotometer (for characterizing of the samples). All thereagents were of the required analytical standard and obtained from Springboard research laboratories, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.</div><div class="Text" id="section2_2"><span class='Heading2'>2.2. Sample Collection</span></div><div class="Text">Soybean soapstock which is a by-product of soybean oil processing plants was acquired from Sunchi farms, a feed processing plant in Eleme, Enugu State, Nigeria. The sample collected was separated into distinct layers by the use of a centrifuge. The top layer which is the acid oil (AO) is utilized for the biodiesel production.</div><div class="Text" id="section2_3"><span class='Heading2'>2.3. Characterisation of Soybean Soapstock and Biodiesel (Gas Chromatography)</span></div><div class="Text">Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the fatty acid composition according to AOAC procedures (AOAC 2000). Calibration of the gas chromatography was carried out using established biodiesel standards and n-hexane in ethyl acetate solution. Hydrogen at 41.27 ml/minsflowrate was used as the carrier gas. Retention time and mass spectra were utilized in peak identification <div class="references_link" data-target="#references10"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references10"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[6]</td><td>Fu, Y. J. Zu. Y. G., Wang. L, Zhang, N. J, Liu. W, Li, S. M. and Zhang, S. (2008). Determination of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel produced from yellow corn oil byRP-LC-RID. Chromatographia, 67, 9-14.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[6]</div>. This was carried out on both feedstock and biodiesel eventually produced.</div><div class="Text" id="section2_4"><span class='Heading2'>2.4. Production of Biodiesel</span></div><div class="Text">Esterification was carried out by mixing same quantity of soybean soapstock, and methanolwith a sulphuric acid catalyst in the ratio of 1:10 to the solution mixed. The solution was then heated to 60°C for 80 mins. For transesterification, the oil realized from esterification was mixedwith methanol and n-hexane in the ratio of 1:3:3 respectively. A 2% sodium hydroxide catalyst (NaOH) was used and the solution heated to 55°C for 50 mins. This process is followed by separation using a separating funnel where the bottom layer (biodiesel) is recovered from the top layer (glycerol).</div><div class="Text" id="section2_5"><span class='Heading2'>2.5. Physico-Chemical Analysis</span></div><div class="Text">Some of the physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel produced and the standards used were, kinematic viscosity (ASTM-445), density (ASTM D-1298), pour point (ASTM D-97), flash point (ASTM D-93), cloud point (ASTM D-2500), acid value (D-664), calorific value (ASTM D-246) and sulphur content (D-4294). Other properties such as iodine value, specific gravity and refractive index were measured by AOAC methods.</div><div class="Text" id="section2_6"><span class='Heading2'>2.6. Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)</span></div><div class="Text">In optimization using response surface methodology (RSM), a software (design expert) was used for experimental design, model building and obtaining optimum conditions [Zahed]. Design expert utilizes multiple regression and correlation analysis as tools to evaluate the effects of two or more independent factors on dependent variables <div class="references_link" data-target="#references11"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references11"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[2]</td><td>Awolu, O. O. and Layokun, S. K. (2013). Optimisation of two-step tranesterificationproductionof biodiesel from neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil. Int J. of Energy and EnvironmentalEngineering, 4, 39-48.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[2]</div>. Box-behken and fractional factorial were used for esterification and transesterification reactions and is presented in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_1'>Table 1</a> and <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_2'>Table 2</a> respectively. Theconsequences of adjusting process variables were monitored from the 3D plots generated. Deviations of the values predicted with the actual were obtained using regression analysis andanalysis of variance (ANOVA). The fittedpolynomial equations obtained from the regression analysis were then used to generate a ramp of optimized values.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_1">Table 1. <i> Factors and their levels of CCD for esterification.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="2" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Variables/Unit</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="2" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.638206207774404%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Symbols</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"/> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Coded</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"/> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>levels</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>-2</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>-1</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>+1</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>+2</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst concentration (wt%)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.638206207774404%; vertical-align: middle"><p>A</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>15</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>25</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/FFA volume ratio</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.638206207774404%; vertical-align: middle"><p>B</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>8:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10:1</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature (°C)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.638206207774404%; vertical-align: middle"><p>C</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>75</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Esterification time (min)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.638206207774404%; vertical-align: middle"><p>D</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>100</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_2">Table 2. <i> CCD levels of independent variables for experimental design of Base transesterification.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="2" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Independent variables</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="2" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Symbols</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"/> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Coded</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>variables</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Levels</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>-ɑ</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>-1</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>+1</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>+ɑ</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature (°C)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>X<sub>1</sub></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Reaction time (min)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>X<sub>2</sub></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst concentration (wt %)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>X<sub>3</sub></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.00</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.00</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.50</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>X<sub>4</sub></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6:1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7:1</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.18828943503378%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Stiring speed (rpm)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.53050034270048%; vertical-align: middle"><p>X<sub>5</sub></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.220992852247136%; vertical-align: middle"><p>200</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.260158621364926%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.299324390482717%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.269950063644375%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.230784294526583%; vertical-align: middle"><p>600</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text" id="section2_7"><span class='Heading2'>2.7. Optimisation Using ANFIS-PSO</span></div><div class="Text">Optimisation was carried out using Particle swarm technique in ANFIS on the MATLAB software platform. Fuzzy inference system is based on the concept of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy if-then rules and fuzzy reasoning. The fuzzy inference engine is responsible for the evaluation of fuzzy rules to produce an output for each rule <div class="references_link" data-target="#references12"><div class="references_detail" style="display: none;" id="references12"><div class="references"><table class="normal_table"><tbody><tr><td>[1]</td><td>Akintola, K. G, Ojokoh, B. A. and Daramola, O. A. (2013). A hybrid computational model forevaluating applicants credentials. A study submitted to the department of computerScience, Federal University of Technology, Akure.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>[1]</div>. Interactive effects of adjusting the process variables were monitored using 3D surface and contour plots from the experimental runs made. The MATLAB software trains the system to assume a trend, generating predicted values for the objective variable using the <i>ANFIS</i> command in the fuzzy control toolbox. Particle swarm optimization technique was used to predict the optimum values.</div></div><div class="section" id="section3"><div class="Heading1">3. Results and Discussion</div><div class="Text" id="section3_1"><span class='Heading2'>3.1. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Acid Value Using RSM</span></div><div class="Text">Reaction time, temperature, catalyst concentration and methanol/oil ratio were all important factors in the esterification reaction of soybean soapstock. The interactive effects of adjusting the process variables within the design space were monitored using 3D surface plots presented in<a class='a_link' href='javascript:;'> Figure 1a-d </a>on the Design Expert 7.0.0 platform.</div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_1"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_1.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_1.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'1>Figure 1. <i> The 3D response surface plot of the effects of some variables on Acid value.</i></div> </div><div class="Text">Experimental runs carried out by a combination of the four variables resulting in a total of 29 experimental runs as presented in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_3'>Table 3 </a>below. The table presented both the acid values and predictions made. It was observed that run 19 had the lowest actual acid value of 4.96 from the following reaction parameters: catalyst concentration (1.5), methanol/oil ratio (1.5), temperature (60) and time (80). This acid value was considerably lower than the predicted value at that run. This however also shows that though RSM made good predictions on soybeansoapstockesterifications, it did not properly mirror the actual acid values and thus leaves room for improvement on the predictions. On the other hand, run 13 had the lowest predicted acid value of 4.83 from reaction parameters: catalyst concentration (1), methanol/oil ratio (2), temperature (65) and time (90). Though this acid value was lower than the lowest actual acid value (4.96), the considerable difference in its corresponding (run 13) actual acid value (7.01) signifies the unsuitability of RSM as a prediction technique in the esterification of soybeansoapstock. The high standard deviation (5.43) and low adjusted R<sup>2</sup> values as seen in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_5'>Table 5 </a>further proves the unreliability of RSM as a prediction technique for esterification of soyabeansoapstock.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_3">Table 3. <i> Esterification runs and corresponding RSM predictions.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Run</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst. Concentration. (wt%)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Time (min)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Acid Value</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Rsm Prediction</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.67</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.76</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.03</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.6</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.04</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.49</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.54</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.86</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.99</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.32</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.06</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.97</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.76</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.78</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.15</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.68</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.69</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>13</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7.01</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.83</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>15</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.09</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.76</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.87</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.28</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.3</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>19</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.96</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.5</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.86</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>21</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.32</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.09</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.33</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.51</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.33</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.36</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.91</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.91</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.91</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.91</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 6.981298345246254%; vertical-align: middle"><p>29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.834916283168507%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 21.188681092724956%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.181827083129344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.025164006658178%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.2942328404974%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.91</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">The low F-value of 2.73 as seen in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_4'>Table 4 </a>indicates there is no significant difference between both groups. The smaller the P-value, the more reliable the prediction will be. The "Lack of Fit F-value" of 0.22 implies the Lack of Fit is not significant relative to the pure error. The "Pred R-Squared" of 0.8752 is in reasonable agreement with the "Adj R-Squared" of 0.9131. "Adeq Precision" measures the signal to noise ratio. A ratio greater than 4 is desirable. Theratio of 6.296 indicates an adequate signal and can thus be used to navigate the design space.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_4">Table 4. <i> ANOVA for response surface quadratic soyabeansoapstock esterification model.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Source</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Sum of squares</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Df</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Mean square</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>F value</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>p-value Prob> F</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Model</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7.05</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.73</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0014</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"><p>significant</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>A-Catalyst Conc (wt%)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.97</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.97</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10.67</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0056</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>B-Methanol/oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.78</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0463</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>C-Temp (°C)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0397</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>D-Time (min)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.21</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.2894</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>AB</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.092</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.092</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0011</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>AC</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.029</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.029</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.6968</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>AD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.033</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.033</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.6801</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>BC</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.016</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.016</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.085</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.7755</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>BD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.49</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.49</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.64</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0023</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>CD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.072</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.072</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.39</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.543</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>A^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.62</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.62</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3.36</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.008</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>B^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.84</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0204</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>C^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.89</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.191</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>D^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.077</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.077</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.42</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.5288</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Residual</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.59</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Lack of Fit</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.93</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.093</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.9747</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"><p>not significant</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Pure Error</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.66</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.41</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.417311269950062%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Cor Total</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.26485851365906%; vertical-align: middle"><p>9.64</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.322725937530597%; vertical-align: middle"><p>28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.493880348575344%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.71311074121218%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.274649955938509%; vertical-align: middle"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.51346323313424%; vertical-align: middle"/> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_5">Table 5. <i> Summary of soya soap stock esterification regression values.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 27.102712229511408%; vertical-align: top"><p>Std. Dev.</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>5.43</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 35.533144032115935%; vertical-align: top"><p>R-Squared</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.9316</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.102712229511408%; vertical-align: top"><p>Mean</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>5.8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 35.533144032115935%; vertical-align: top"><p>Adj R-Squared</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.9131</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.102712229511408%; vertical-align: top"><p>C.V. %</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>7.41</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 35.533144032115935%; vertical-align: top"><p>Pred R-Squared</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.8752</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.102712229511408%; vertical-align: top"><p>PRESS</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>117.95</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 35.533144032115935%; vertical-align: top"><p>Adeq Precision</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.68207186918633%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.296</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_2"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_2.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_2.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'2>Figure 2. <i> Ramps of the optimizationof esterification of soya soap stock.</i></div> </div><div class="Text">From the ramp of optimized values generated from equations obtained in terms of coded and actual factors in the optimization of the esterification of soya soap stock, the optimized acid value was 4.956, based on the outcome presented in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='figure_2'>Figure 2</a>. it can also be concluded that the optimum parameters for the esterification process are: temperature (61.63°C), reaction time (74.01 mins), catalyst concentration (1.77 wt%) and methanol/oil ratio (1.52 mol/mol) with boundary condition of each factor also displayed in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='figure_2'>Figure 2</a>.</div><div class="Text" id="section3_2"><span class='Heading2'>3.2. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Yield Using RSM</span></div><div class="Text">Parametric effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, temperature, catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio and stirringspeed are all important factors in the transesterification of soybean soapstock. These interactive effects on soybean soapstock biodiesel yield were illustrated in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='figure_3'>Figure 3 </a>below.</div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_3"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_3.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_3.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'3>Figure 3. <i>The 3D response surface plot of the effects of some variables on SSSME yield.</i></div> </div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_6">Table 6. <i> Runs for transesterification of esterified soya soapstock using RSM.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Run</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Time (min)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature (°C)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst concentration (wt%)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Stirring speed (rpm)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Yield (%)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Rsm Prediction (%)</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90.9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>87.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>91.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>86.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>92.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>87.78</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>74.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>97.58</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>75.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>89.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.78</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>97.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>91.28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.18</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>13</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>15</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>97.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>600</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>97.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>97.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>19</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>85.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>96.8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>21</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.9</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>81.28</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.58</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>73.58</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>75.78</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>200</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>94.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.58</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>83.18</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>76.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>30</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.78</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>31</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>94.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>92.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 7.353373151865268%; vertical-align: middle"><p>32</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.240575736806031%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.814452168804465%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.646724762557525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.951532360716731%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.94428669342994%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.682463526877509%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.366591598942524%; vertical-align: middle"><p>86.8</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">Experimental runs were carried out by a combination of these five variables resulting in a total of 32 experimental runs as presented in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_6'>Table 6</a> which shows the runs for the transesterification of soybeansoapstock and their respective actual and predicted yields. It was observed that the highest actual yield was at run 20 with reaction parameters: time (50 mins), temperature (55°C), catalyst concentration (1.5), methanol/oil ratio (4) and stirring speed (300 rpm) had a yield of 96.8%. This compared favorably with the corresponding predicted yield (95.88%). However, the highest predicted yield of 97.58% was obtained at run 6 using reaction parameters: time (50 mins), temperature (45°C), catalyst concentration (2.5), methanol/oil ratio (4) and stirring speed (300 rpm) was considerably higher than the corresponding actual yield (93.08%). This discrepancy in actual and predicted yields and the high standard deviation values obtained (4.83) as seen from <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_7'>Table 7 </a>however indicate the unsuitability of RSM as an efficient technique in optimization of transesterification of soybeansoapstock.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_7">Table 7. <i> ANOVA for the Soya soap stock transesterificationreponse quadratic model.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Source</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>Sum of Squares</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>Df</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>Mean Square</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>F Value</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>p-value Prob> F</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Model</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>1627.63</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>81.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>3.49</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0086</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"><p>significant</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>A-Rxn Time (min)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>144.16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>144.16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.19</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0302</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>B-Rxn Temp (°C)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>94.17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>94.17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>4.04</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0695</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>C-Cat Conc.(wt%)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>128.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>128.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>5.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0088</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>D-Methanol/oil mol ratio (mol/mol)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>381.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>381.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>16.36</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0019</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>E-Stirring speed (rpm)</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.014</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.014</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.19E-04</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.9806</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>AB</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>8.95</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>8.95</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.548</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>AC</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>58.55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>58.55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>2.51</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0012</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>AD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>29.9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>29.9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0013</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>AE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.69</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.69</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.029</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.8668</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>BC</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>16.62</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>16.62</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.71</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.4163</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>BD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>241.37</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>241.37</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>10.36</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0082</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>BE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>10.16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>10.16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.44</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0025</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>CD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.6143</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>CE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.021</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.8881</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>DE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>79.74</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>79.74</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>3.42</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0913</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>A^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>146.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>146.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0022</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>B^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>243.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>243.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>10.45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.008</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>C^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>142.4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>142.4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>6.11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.0015</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>D^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>9.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>9.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.39</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.5431</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>E^2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.53</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.53</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.023</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.8823</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Residual</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>256.28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>23.3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Lack of Fit</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>237.83</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>39.64</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"><p>8.74</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>3.099</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"><p>Not- significant</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Pure Error</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>18.45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"><p>3.69</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 27.797904631352196%; vertical-align: top"><p>Cor Total</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"><p>1883.91</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 5.551747772446881%; vertical-align: top"><p>31</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.484088906295899%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 10.085185547831196%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.27464995593851%; vertical-align: top"/> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 13.531773230196807%; vertical-align: top"/> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_8">Table 8. <i> Summary of Soya soap stock transesterification regression values.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 26.809338521400775%; vertical-align: top"><p>Std. Dev.</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 23.71595330739299%; vertical-align: top"><p>4.83</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 30.272373540856023%; vertical-align: top"><p>R-Squared</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 19.20233463035019%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.964</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.809338521400775%; vertical-align: top"><p>Mean</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.71595330739299%; vertical-align: top"><p>86.96</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 30.272373540856023%; vertical-align: top"><p>AdjR-Squared</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 19.20233463035019%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.9466</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.809338521400775%; vertical-align: top"><p>C.V. %</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.71595330739299%; vertical-align: top"><p>5.55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 30.272373540856023%; vertical-align: top"><p>Pred R-Squared</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 19.20233463035019%; vertical-align: top"><p>0.9004</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 26.809338521400775%; vertical-align: top"><p>PRESS</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.71595330739299%; vertical-align: top"><p>420.9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 30.272373540856023%; vertical-align: top"><p>Adeq Precision</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 19.20233463035019%; vertical-align: top"><p>5.474</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">The Model F-value of 3.49 as seen in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_7'>Table 7 </a>implies the model is significant. There is only a 1.86% chance that a "Model F-Value" this large could occur due to noise. Values of "Prob> F" less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. In this case A, C, D, AC, AD, BE, BD, A², B², C² are significant model terms. Values greater than 0.1000 indicate the model terms are not significant. If there are many insignificant model terms (not counting those required to support hierarchy), model reduction may improve your model. The "Lack of Fit F-value" of 8.74 implies the Lack of Fit is Not-significantrelative to the pure error. There is only a 0.99% chance that a "Lack of Fit F-value" this large could occur due to noise. Non-significant lack of fit is good -- we want the model to fit. The "Pred R-Squared" of 0.9004 is in reasonable agreement with the "Adj R-Squared" of 0.9466. "Adeq Precision" measures the signal to noise ratio. A ratio greater than 4 is desirable. The ratio of 5.474 thus indicates an adequate signal making this model suitable for navigating the design space.</div><div class="Text">From the optimization of the transesterification of the soya soap stock, with an optimized yield of 97.29%, it can thus be concluded that the optimum parameters for the process are: temperature (50.68°C), reaction time (53.36 mins), catalyst concentration (1.77 wt%), methanol/oil ratio (4.36 mol/mol) and stirring speed (407.60 rpm).</div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_4"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_4.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_4.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'4>Figure 4. <i> Ramps of the optimization of trans esterification of soya soap stock.</i></div> </div><div class="Text" id="section3_3"><span class='Heading2'>3.3. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Acid Value Using ANFIS</span></div><div class="Text">3D and contour plots were used to study the effect of the factor interaction of reaction time, temperature, catalyst concentration, and methanol/oil ratio in ANFIS. ANFIS predictions for the 29 runs were made and compared with values obtained from actual runsas shown in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_9'>Table 9</a>.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_9">Table 9. <i> Runs for esterification of soyabeansoapstock using ANFIS.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Runs</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst concentration (wt%)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature (°C)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Time (min)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Acid Value</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>ANFIS prediction</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.67</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.67</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.03</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.904</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.18</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.04</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.04</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.54</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.904</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.99</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.99</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.06</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.06</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.76</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.76</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.35</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.35</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.12</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>13</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7.01</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7.01</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.25</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>15</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.26</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.3</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.87</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.87</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.8</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>19</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.96</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4.96</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.904</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>21</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.32</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.32</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.904</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.22</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.33</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.33</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>70</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.495153236071674%; vertical-align: middle"><p>29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 18.26103985117008%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.458141584255362%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.103495544893763%; vertical-align: middle"><p>80</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.113286987173211%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.302751395280527%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5.904</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">The use of particle swarm optimization (PSO), a novel population based search algorithm was used to obtain the actual optimum reaction parameters ofTemperature (60°C), reaction time (73 mins), catalyst concentration (1.5) and methanol/oil ratio (1.5 wt%) giving an oil with optimum acid value of 1.488.</div><div class="Text" id="section3_4"><span class='Heading2'>3.4. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Yield Using ANFIS</span></div><div class="Text">3D plots were also used for monitoring parameter interactions for biodiesel yield in ANFIS. From the surface plots, the ANFIS predictions for yield for the 32 runs were made and compared with values obtained from actual runs as shown in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_10'>Table 10</a>.</div><div class="Text">Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was also used to obtain the actual optimum reaction parameters ofTemperature (54°C), reaction time (42 mins), catalyst concentration (1.5 wt%), stirring speed (300) and methanol/oil ratio (4) to obtainan optimum yield of 99%.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_10">Table 10. <i> Runs for trans esterification of soyabean soap stock using ANFIS.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Run</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Reaction Time (min)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Temperature (°C)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Catalyst Concentration (wt%)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Methanol/Oil ratio (mol/mol)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Stirring speed (rpm)</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Yield</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>ANFIS prediction</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90.9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>90.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>91.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>91.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>92.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>7</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.18</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>9</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>10</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>11</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.78</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>12</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>91.28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>13</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>14</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>15</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>16</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>600</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.38</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.38</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>95.18</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.27</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>19</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>20</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>96.8</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>96.8</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>21</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>22</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>23</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.58</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.58</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>24</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>60</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>25</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>200</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>26</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.58</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.58</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>27</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>79.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>28</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>93.08</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>65</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>300</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>76.48</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>76.48</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>30</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.78</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>77.78</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>31</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>50</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>400</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>94.98</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>94.98</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 9.89914814452169%; vertical-align: middle"><p>32</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.08263977283854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>55</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 16.136296876529915%; vertical-align: middle"><p>45</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.186526975423481%; vertical-align: middle"><p>2.5</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 14.26613140115539%; vertical-align: middle"><p>4</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 11.358073044159406%; vertical-align: middle"><p>500</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 8.381474591207285%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 12.689709194164301%; vertical-align: middle"><p>78.88</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text" id="section3_5"><span class='Heading2'>3.5. Comparism of Reaction Parameters</span></div><div class="Text">Particle swarm optimization applied to the quadratic model of ANFIS was used in the prediction of acid values from esterification and yields from transesterification of soya soapstock A comparism of the optimization results obtained initially using RSM and the results obtained using ANFIS were also compared as seen in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_11'>Tables 11 and 12</a> to highlight their efficiencies as optimization tools in esterification and transesterification reactions.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_11">Table 11. <i> Parameters obtained from optimization of esterifiction of soya soapstock using RSM and ANFIS.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Parameter</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>RSM</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>ANFIS</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Temperature</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>61.63</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>60</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Time</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>74.01</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>73</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Catalyst concentration</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.77</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.5</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Methanol/oil ratio</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.52</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.5</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 46.34241245136187%; vertical-align: top"><p>Acid value</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 24.377431906614785%; vertical-align: top"><p>4.956</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 29.280155642023345%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.488</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_12">Table 12. <i> Parameters obtained from optimization of transesterifiction of soya soapstock using RSM and ANFIS.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Parameter</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>RSM</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>ANFIS</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Temperature</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>50.68</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>54</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Time</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>53.36</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>42</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Catalyst concentration</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.77</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>1.5</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Methanol/Oil ratio</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>4.36</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>4</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Speed</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>407.6</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>300</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 48.599221789883266%; vertical-align: top"><p>Yield</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 23.01556420233463%; vertical-align: top"><p>97.29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 28.3852140077821%; vertical-align: top"><p>99.91</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">It can be observed that optimization using ANFIS had better yields in transesterification compared to optimization using RSM while lower (optimum) acid values was obtained in the esterification of soya soap stock using ANFIS compared to optimization using RSM. The reaction parameters used to obtain these optimum values were also more favorable in optimization using ANFIS. Plots of optimized values using RSM and ANFIS were compared to ascertain the reliability of both optimization techniques in the 3 processes.</div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_5"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_5.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_5.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'5>Figure 5. <i> Comparison plots for optimization of esterification of soya soapstock.</i></div> </div><div class="Text"> <div class="Figure" id="figure_6"><img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_6.png"><p class="article_figures_download"><a href="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_6.png"><i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-circle-down"></i>Download: Download full-size image</a></p></div><div class="FigureCaption_SingleLine" id='figure_'6>Figure 6. <i> Comparison plots for optimization of transesterification of soya soap stock.</i></div> </div><div class="Text">It can be observed from the comparison plots using ANFIS and RSM for the optimization of the transesterification of soya soap stock as seen in <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='figure_6'>Figure 6 </a>that optimization using ANFIS mirrors the trend created by the actual showing it is a more precise optimization technique compared to RSM which showed high deviation from the actual and thus cant be said to be a true reflection of the actual. This also applies to the esterification of soya soap stock as seen from <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='figure_5'>Figure 5</a>. Both model response prediction curves tracked the actual response curve to an acceptable extent but ANFIS response curve super-imposed the actual response curve from fifth to twentieth runs for esterification and between twentieth to thirty-second runs in transesterification of soybean soapstock. This implies that ANFIS model had better prediction accuracy when compared to quadratic model of the RSM and should be utilized for further studies for both processes.</div><div class="Text">ANFIS achieved better prediction and can generally been seen as an efficient optimization technique because of its adaptive and automated nature. The adaptive nature of the system combined neural capabilities to learn the rules and carefully analyse the data with its fuzzy logic inference capabilities. This ensured precise prediction and ability to accommodate problem solving rules that helps in its decision making. The automated nature ensures it can learn from large data to be applied to solving problems. It can thus be concluded that ANFIS is a better optimization technique for the above named processes.</div><div class="Text" id="section3_6"><span class='Heading2'>3.6. Error Analysis of Optimized Variables</span></div><div class="Text">Error analysis on the 2 optimisation techniques (RSM and ANFIS-PSO) was carried out to highlight their suitability to the esterification and transesterification processes. The error analysis methods used were Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Coerrelation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE).</div><div class="Text">It can be observed from <a class='a_link' href='javascript:;' data='table_13'>Table 13</a> that RMSE and MAE both recorded smaller values using ANFIS when compared to RSM and thus highlighting ANFIS as a better fit with closer predicted and actual values.</div><div class="TableCaption_SingleLine" id="table_13">Table 13. <i> Error analysis of the esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock.</i></div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="2" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Erroranalysismethod</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 36.46333104866347%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Esterification of soya soapstock</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 43.34671497111525%; vertical-align: middle"><p>Transesterification of soya soapstock</p></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>ANFIS</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>RSM</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>ANFIS</p></th> <th class="TableHead" rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: #DAEEF3; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>RSM</p></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>RSS</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.647</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>21.545</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>18.453</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>433</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>MAE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.092</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.711</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.29</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3.057</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>RSME</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.238</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.862</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.759</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3.678</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>R</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.909</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.298</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.995</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.899</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>R<sup>2</sup></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.828</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.089</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.99</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.81</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>ADJ R<sup>2</sup></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.821</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.044</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.989</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.804</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>AAD</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>6.13E-17</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.0027</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.00045</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>-1</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.189953980221286%; vertical-align: middle"><p>MAPE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.797023401547047%; vertical-align: middle"><p>1.595</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 15.66630764711642%; vertical-align: middle"><p>12.355</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 25.418584157446396%; vertical-align: middle"><p>0.312</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="middle" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 1.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 17.928130813668854%; vertical-align: middle"><p>3.596</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="Text">The AAD and MAPE error analysis methods also recorded lower values when using ANFIS. This further reinforces the claim of ANFIS being a better fit than RSM as an optimization technique in esterification/transesterification reactions.</div></div><div class="section" id="section4"><div class="Heading1">4. Conclusion & Recommendation</div><div class="Text" id="section4_1"><span class='Heading2'>4.1. Conclusion</span></div><div class="Text">Findings from this work has led to the following conclusions:</div><div class="Text">1) Biodiesel could be obtained from esterification/transesterification of soybean soapstock.</div><div class="Text">2) Improved yield can be obtained from soybean soapstock (a low quality lipid) through a two-step transesterification process and the use of a co-solvent (n-hexane) in the transesterification reaction.</div><div class="Text">3) ANFIS gave higher and more reliable predictions when compared to RSM in esterification and transesterification reactions of soybean soapstock.</div><div class="Text" id="section4_2"><span class='Heading2'>4.2. Recommendation</span></div><div class="Text">1) The use of soapstock from different plant sources should be investigated further as feedstock for biodiesel production due to its reduced use as both animal feed source and production of soap.</div><div class="Text">2) The use of co-solvents in the transesterification of low quality lipids should be encouraged in the search for an economically viable feedstock for biodiesel production.</div><div class="Text">3) Different optimization techniques should be tested and established for different processes/feedstocks as their viability in biodiesel production is relative.</div></div><div class="section" id="section5"><div class="Heading1">Abbreviations</div><div class="article_table"><table frame="hsides" rules="all" cellpadding="0.0" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>RSM </p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Response Surface Methodology</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>ANFIS</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>RSS</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Residual Sum of Squares</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>MAE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Mean Absolute Error</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>RMSE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Root Mean Square Error</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>R</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Coerrelation Coefficient</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>R<sup>2 </sup></p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Coefficient of Determination</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>AAD </p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Absolute Average Deviation</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 20.84574151280524%; vertical-align: top"><p>MAPE</p></td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" valign="top" align="left" style="border-style: solid none solid; border-width: 0.0 0 0.0; font-weight: normal; background-color: white; width: 79.15425848719477%; vertical-align: top"><p>Mean Absolute Percent Error</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div></div><div class="section" id="section6"><div class="Heading1">Author Contributions</div><div class="Text">Chinedu Gabriel Mbah: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Writing – original draft</div><div class="Text">Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo: Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization</div><div class="Text">Njideka Ophelia Ezetoh: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing</div></div><div class="section" id="section7"><div class="Heading1">Conflicts of Interest</div><div class="Text">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</div></div> <div class="section" id="references"> <div class="Heading1">References</div> <div class="references"> <table class="normal_table"> <tbody> <tr id="ref_1" class="References"> <td>[1] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Akintola, K. G, Ojokoh, B. A. and Daramola, O. A. (2013). A hybrid computational model forevaluating applicants credentials. A study submitted to the department of computerScience, Federal University of Technology, Akure. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_2" class="References"> <td>[2] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Awolu, O. O. and Layokun, S. K. (2013). Optimisation of two-step tranesterificationproductionof biodiesel from neem (Azadirachtaindica) oil. Int J. of Energy and EnvironmentalEngineering, 4, 39-48. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_3" class="References"> <td>[3] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Bezerra, M., Santelli, R., Oliveira, E., Villar, L., &Escaleira, L (2008). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as a Tool for Optimization in Analytical Chemistry. Talanta. 76. 965-977. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_4" class="References"> <td>[4] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences. Vol. 10, No. 5, 2021, pp. 198-206. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_5" class="References"> <td>[5] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Victor Esonye, Dominic OkechukwuOnukwuli, Victor ChukwuemekaEze. Use of response surface methodology (RSM) in optimization of biodiesel production from cow tallow. International journal of innovations in engineering research and technology. Vol. 8, No. 8, 2021, pp. 91-102. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_6" class="References"> <td>[6] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Fu, Y. J. Zu. Y. G., Wang. L, Zhang, N. J, Liu. W, Li, S. M. and Zhang, S. (2008). Determination of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel produced from yellow corn oil byRP-LC-RID. Chromatographia, 67, 9-14. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_7" class="References"> <td>[7] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Khalil, J., Rashid, A., Aziz, A., Yusup, S., Heikal, M & El-Adawry, M. (2016) Response surfacemethodology for the optimization of the production of rubber seed/palm oil biodiesel, IDI diesel engineperformance, and emissions. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 10(10): pp 221. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_8" class="References"> <td>[8] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Moghaddamnia, A, Ghafari, M, Piri, J, Amin, S and Han, D (2009). Evaporation estimationusing artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system technique. Adv Water Resour 32(1), 88–97. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_9" class="References"> <td>[9] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Moradi, S and Rafiei, F. M (2019). A dynamic credit risk assessment model with data minningtechniques: evidence from Iranian banks. Financial innovation, 5(15), 2-10. </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_10" class="References"> <td>[10] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Oyedepo, S. O. (2012). Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward. EnergySustainSoc, 2(15). </td> </tr> <tr id="ref_11" class="References"> <td>[11] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Toldra-Reig, F, Mora, L and Toldra, F. (2020). Trends in biodiesel production from animal fatwaste. MDPI, 10(10), 36-44. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="cite_this_article" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <div class="Heading1">Cite This Article</div> <div class="cite_article"> <div class="mt-tabpage" js-tab="2"> <div class="mt-tabpage-title"> <a class="mt-tabpage-item mt-tabpage-item-cur">Plain Text</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">BibTeX</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-src">Mbah, C. G., Nwafulugo, F. U., Ezetoha, N. O. (2024). Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production. <i>Advances</i>, <i>5</i>(2), 49-63. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13'>https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-src" href="javascript:;" ><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-src">Mbah, C. G.; Nwafulugo, F. U.; Ezetoha, N. O. Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production. <i>Advances</i>. <b>2024</b>, <i>5</i>(2), 49-63. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13'>doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-src">Mbah CG, Nwafulugo FU, Ezetoha NO. Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production. <i>Advances</i>. 2024;5(2):49-63. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13'>doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-src main_content_citetext">@article{10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13, author = {Chinedu Gabriel Mbah and Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo and Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha}, title = {Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production }, journal = {Advances}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {49-63}, doi = {10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13}, abstract = {Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. }, year = {2024} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.bib", '.bib-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-src main_content_citetext">TY - JOUR T1 - Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production AU - Chinedu Gabriel Mbah AU - Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo AU - Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha Y1 - 2024/07/08 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 DO - 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 T2 - Advances JF - Advances JO - Advances SP - 49 EP - 63 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7200 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 AB - Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. VL - 5 IS - 2 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.ris", '.ris-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="author_information" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 50px;"> <div class="Heading1">Author Information</div> <div class="author_information"> <ul> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Chinedu Gabriel Mbah</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699944"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> <p><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"><a href="http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5255-6182" target="_blank" class="normal_link">http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5255-6182<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699945"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha</p> <p class="Affiliation">Chemical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10699946"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_position right"> <div class="article_content_right"> <div class="toggle-close clearfix"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></div> <input type="hidden" id="articleID" value="10089832"> <div class="right_content_btn download_right"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10089832, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', "https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", "pdf\/j.advances.20240502.13", true)" > <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>Download PDF </a> </div> <div id="slider" class="article_tab">  <div class="controls-center"> <div id="slider_controls"> <ul id="slider_nav" class="clearfix"> <li><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i>Sections</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-image"></i>Figures</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Tables</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="article_tab_item" style="background-color: white;"> <div id="slideshow"> <div class="slider-item"> <ul class="section_ul"> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="abstract">Abstract</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="keywords">Keywords</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <p class="document_section">Document Sections</p> <ol class="document_section_ol"> <script> var sectionOfBodyList = [{"id":"1","caption":"Introduction","level":1},{"id":"2","caption":"Materials and Methods","level":1},{"id":"2_1","caption":"2.1. Reagents and Equipment","level":2},{"id":"2_2","caption":"2.2. Sample Collection","level":2},{"id":"2_3","caption":"2.3. Characterisation of Soybean Soapstock and Biodiesel (Gas Chromatography)","level":2},{"id":"2_4","caption":"2.4. Production of Biodiesel","level":2},{"id":"2_5","caption":"2.5. Physico-Chemical Analysis","level":2},{"id":"2_6","caption":"2.6. Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","level":2},{"id":"2_7","caption":"2.7. Optimisation Using ANFIS-PSO","level":2},{"id":"3","caption":"Results and Discussion","level":1},{"id":"3_1","caption":"3.1. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Acid Value Using RSM","level":2},{"id":"3_2","caption":"3.2. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Yield Using RSM","level":2},{"id":"3_3","caption":"3.3. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Acid Value Using ANFIS","level":2},{"id":"3_4","caption":"3.4. Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Yield Using ANFIS","level":2},{"id":"3_5","caption":"3.5. Comparism of Reaction Parameters","level":2},{"id":"3_6","caption":"3.6. Error Analysis of Optimized Variables","level":2},{"id":"4","caption":"Conclusion \u0026 Recommendation","level":1},{"id":"4_1","caption":"4.1. Conclusion","level":2},{"id":"4_2","caption":"4.2. Recommendation","level":2}]; </script> <li class="document_section_nav" data="1"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section1">1. Introduction</a> </li> <li class="document_section_nav" data="2"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section2">2. Materials and Methods</a> </li> <li class="document_section_nav" data="3"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section3">3. Results and Discussion</a> </li> <li class="document_section_nav" data="4"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section4">4. Conclusion & Recommendation</a> </li> </ol> <div id="toggleFullOutline" class="toggle_second_nav" onclick="toggleFullOutline()">Show Full Outline<i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></div> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section5">Abbreviations</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section6">Author Contributions</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="section7">Conflicts of Interest</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="references">References</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="cite_this_article">Cite This Article</a> </li> <li class="section_nav"> <a href="javascript:;" data="author_information">Author Information</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="slider-item overflow-y"> <ul class="figures_ul"> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_1">Figure 1</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_1"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_1.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 1. <i> </i><i>The 3D response surface plot of the effects of some variables on Acid value</i><i>.</i></p> </a> </li> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_2">Figure 2</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_2"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_2.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 2. <i> </i><i>Ramps of the optimizationof esterification of soya soap stock</i><i>.</i></p> </a> </li> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_3">Figure 3</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_3"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_3.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 3. <i>The 3D response surface plot of the effects of some variables on SSSME yield.</i></p> </a> </li> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_4">Figure 4</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_4"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_4.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 4. <i> </i><i>Ramps of the optimization</i><i> </i><i>of</i><i> </i><i>trans</i><i> </i><i>esterification of soya soap stock</i><i>.</i></p> </a> </li> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_5">Figure 5</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_5"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_5.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 5. <i> </i><i>Comparison plots for optimization of esterification of soya soapstock.</i></p> </a> </li> <li> <p class="figure_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="figure_6">Figure 6</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="figure_6"> <img src="https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/article/figure/6350199/6350199_Figure_6.png"> <p class="figure_description">Figure 6. <i> </i><i>Comparison plots for optimization of transesterification of soya soap stock.</i></p> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="slider-item overflow-y"> <ul class="table_ul"> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_1"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 1</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_1"><p class="table_description">Table 1. <i> Factors and their levels of CCD for esterification.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_2"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 2</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_2"><p class="table_description">Table 2. <i> CCD levels of independent variables for experimental design of Base transesterification.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_3"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 3</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_3"><p class="table_description">Table 3. <i> Esterification runs and corresponding RSM predictions.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_4"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 4</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_4"><p class="table_description">Table 4. <i> ANOVA for response surface quadratic soyabeansoapstock esterification model.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_5"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 5</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_5"><p class="table_description">Table 5. <i> Summary of soya soap stock esterification regression values.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_6"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 6</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_6"><p class="table_description">Table 6. <i> Runs for transesterification of esterified soya soapstock using RSM.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_7"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 7</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_7"><p class="table_description">Table 7. <i> ANOVA for the Soya soap stock transesterificationreponse quadratic model.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_8"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 8</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_8"><p class="table_description">Table 8. <i> Summary of Soya soap stock transesterification regression values.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_9"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 9</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_9"><p class="table_description">Table 9. <i> Runs for esterification of soyabeansoapstock using ANFIS.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_10"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 10</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_10"><p class="table_description">Table 10. <i> Runs for trans esterification of soyabean soap stock using ANFIS.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_11"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 11</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_11"><p class="table_description">Table 11. <i> Parameters obtained from optimization of esterifiction of soya soapstock using RSM and ANFIS.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_12"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 12</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_12"><p class="table_description">Table 12. <i> Parameters obtained from optimization of transesterifiction of soya soapstock using RSM and ANFIS.</i></p></a> </li> <li> <p class="table_number"><a href="javascript:;" data="table_13"><i class="fas fa-border-all"></i>Table 13</a></p> <a href="javascript:;" data="table_13"><p class="table_description">Table 13. <i> Error analysis of the esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock.</i></p></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> 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Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production. <i>Advances</i>. 2024;5(2):49-63. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13'>doi: 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-pop-src">@article{10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13, author = {Chinedu Gabriel Mbah and Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo and Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha}, title = {Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production }, journal = {Advances}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {49-63}, doi = {10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13}, abstract = {Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. }, year = {2024} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.bib", '.bib-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-pop-src">TY - JOUR T1 - Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production AU - Chinedu Gabriel Mbah AU - Francisca Unoma Nwafulugo AU - Njideka Ophelia Ezetoha Y1 - 2024/07/08 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 DO - 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 T2 - Advances JF - Advances JO - Advances SP - 49 EP - 63 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7200 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13 AB - Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock. VL - 5 IS - 2 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.advances.20240502.13.ris", '.ris-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="downloadValidationModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalScrollableTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-scrollable modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Verification Code</h5> <button type="button" class="close" 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