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conflicts</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ethnographic conflicts"> <meta name="keywords" content="ethnographic conflicts"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ethnographic conflicts"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 898</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ethnographic conflicts</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Social and Digital Transformation of the Saudi Education System: A Cyberconflict Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mai%20Alshareef">Mai Alshareef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Saudi government considers the modernisation of the education system as a critical component of the national development plan, Saudi Vision 2030; however, this sudden reform creates tension amongst Saudis. This study examines first the reflection of the social and digital education reform on stakeholders and the general Saudi public, and second, the influence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the ethnoreligious conflict in Saudi Arabia. This study employs Cyberconflict theory to examine conflicts in the real world and cyberspace. The findings are based on a qualitative case study methodology that uses netnography, an analysis of 3,750 Twitter posts and semi-structural interviews with 30 individuals, including key actors in the Saudi education sector and Twitter activists during 2019\2020. The methods utilised are guided by thematic analysis to map an understanding of factors that influence societal conflicts in Saudi Arabia, which in this case include religious, national, and gender identity. Elements of Cyberconflict theory are used to better understand how conflicting groups build their identities in connection to their ethnic/religious/cultural differences and competing national identities. The findings correspond to the ethnoreligious components of the Cyberconflict theory. Twitter became a battleground for liberals, conservatives, the Saudi public and elites, and it is used in a novel way to influence public opinion and to challenge the media monopoly. Opposing groups relied heavily on a discourse of exclusion and inclusion and showed ethnic and religious affiliations, national identity, and chauvinism. The findings add to existing knowledge in the cyberconflict field of study, and they also reveal outcomes that are critical to the Saudi Arabian national context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberconflict" title=" cyberconflict"> cyberconflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title=" Twitter"> Twitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20identity" title=" national identity"> national identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140656/social-and-digital-transformation-of-the-saudi-education-system-a-cyberconflict-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> From Service to Ritual: Preliminary Development on Conceptual Framework for Designing Ritual</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Jing%20Lee">Yi-Jing Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prior to the development of ritual design tool and framework, this paper establishes a systematic review on the studies related to ritual and ritual design across anthropology, consumer culture, marketing, and design. It is found that following symbolic anthropologists, the ethnographic approach was adapted by consumer culture researchers to study modern rituals and marketers to enhance consumption. In the domain of design, although there are already designers aware of the importance of ritualistic dimension of human interaction, there are little frameworks for conceptualizing and developing rituals. The conceptualized framework and developing tools is proposed and suggestions of applying it is made in the end of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ritual" title="ritual">ritual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ritual%20design" title=" ritual design"> ritual design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20design" title=" service design"> service design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolic%20interaction" title=" symbolic interaction"> symbolic interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92321/from-service-to-ritual-preliminary-development-on-conceptual-framework-for-designing-ritual" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Religion and Democracy: Assessing Tolerance in the Diversity of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsi%20Nastiti">Harsi Nastiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Fikri"> Haidar Fikri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia has been known for its diversity of cultures, ethnics, religions, and races. This diversity signs as the uniqueness of the country, so tolerance becomes vital point here. As a unitary state, tolerance value is established strongly as the foundation of democracy implementation but recently this tolerance condition facing up some problems after regional election. In this case, religion issue takes a main role for the Indonesian political system which is managed into tolerance breaker especially for local democracy. The election of Jakarta’s Governor 2017 can be said as the momentum for the people to rethink the democracy and tolerance meaning. It begins from one of the governor candidates who makes statement about the majority religion and unfortunately the candidate comes from the minority. The statement emerges into a new social movement based on religiosity. Basically, the social movement which is coordinated by Islamic Defender Front (Front Pembela Islam or FPI) and National Movement to Safeguard the Fatwa-Indonesian Ulama Council (GNPF-MUI) want to demand the justice in the name of blasphemy. The action continuously happens in different names (Action 411, 212, etc.). So, this article analyzes the new phenomenon and how does the impact for the tolerance and democracy life in Indonesia. The method is using qualitative method by review of literature and media content analysis. Results show this phenomenon potentially spreading new conflicts far beyond the goal of the action itself; justice. It makes the conflicts more complex after there are actions such as; Parade Kebhinekaan and Aksi Lilin which contrary reacts to the actions before. These actions and reactions rise up the sensitive issues for Indonesia like religions, Pancasila, unity in diversity, ethnics, and races. At the same time raising skepticism; will it be over after the candidate is getting sentenced or becomes the dangerous latent conflict that will threaten tolerance and democracy in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title="conflict">conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance "> tolerance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74426/religion-and-democracy-assessing-tolerance-in-the-diversity-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> The Grievances Theory versus Transnationalism and the Cameroon Anglophone Question, 1961-2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nkatow%20Mafany%20Christian">Nkatow Mafany Christian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> No other period in human history has offered such great opportunities for grievances not only to last long but also to be manifested across international boundaries. This state of affairs is likely a common feature of the advent of social media. The Anglophone Question in Cameroon has been a problem of poor constitutional arrangements that can be traced to 1961 when the former French Cameroon reunified with former British Southern Cameroons following a plebiscite in which the latter overwhelmingly voted to reunify with the former. Though Southern/Anglophone Cameroons complained of perceived marginalization and an attempt by the majority French section to assimilate them, the manifestation was subtle and took place only through protests, petitions, strikes movements and demonstrations. However, with the advent of social media, a new cream of leaders emerged in the diaspora, including the US, Canada, Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to champion the manifestations leading to violence and conflicts that have bedeviled the region since 2017. The feeling of political subjugation, economic exploitation, social suppression and cultural assimilation among Anglophone Cameroonians united them under diaspora leaders against the government of Cameroon, calling for the creation of a separate state for Anglophones. This paper draws from this lead-up to analyze the current Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon in the light of the Grievance Theory and Transnationalism. The paper makes an appeal to field experience, interviews, official sources, documentation, and the internet to succor its central thesis. From the fertility of its sources, the paper submits that social media is a potent source of conflicts and makes nonsense of the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity by its capacity to promote the transnational manifestation of grievances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grievance" title="grievance">grievance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnationalism" title=" transnationalism"> transnationalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anglophone%20crisis" title=" anglophone crisis"> anglophone crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameroon" title=" Cameroon"> Cameroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20and%20social%20media" title=" crisis and social media"> crisis and social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175874/the-grievances-theory-versus-transnationalism-and-the-cameroon-anglophone-question-1961-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> The Contribution of the Lomé Charter to Combating Trafficking in Arms at Sea: Nigerian and South African Legal Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obinna%20Emmanuel%20Nkomadu">Obinna Emmanuel Nkomadu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many illegal activities take place on the sea, including trafficking in arms, which constitutes one of the major threats to maritime security. Indeed, the dissemination of arms has hampered the peaceful settlement of many States in Africa, fuelled disputes into armed conflicts, and contributed to the prolongation of armed conflicts in many African States. The absence of international standards on the importation, exportation, and transfer of conventional arms is a contributory factor to conflict, displacement of people, crime, and terrorism on the continent of Africa, which in turn undermines peace, safety, security, stability, and sustainable development. South Africa and Nigeria have taken steps to address the illicit arms, but, despite those steps, arms trafficking at sea continues. To suppress the illicit arms and to combat a number of other threats to maritime security around the continent of Africa, the majority of AU members in 2016 adopted the African Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (“the Lomé Charter”). However, the Lomé Charter is yet to come into force. This paper set out the pre-existing international legal instruments on arms to ascertain the domestic laws of South Africa and Nigeria relating to arms with the relevant provisions of the Charter in order to establish whether any legal steps are required to ensure that South Africa and Nigeria comply with its obligations under the Lomé Charter should it decide to ratify it. The legal steps include cooperating in establishing policies, as well as a regional and continental institution, and ensuring the implementation of such policies. The paper concludes ratifying the Lomé Charter is a step in the right direction in suppressing arms trafficking at sea, in addition to filling those gaps or limitations in their relevant legislation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation%20against%20arms%20trafficking%20at%20sea" title="cooperation against arms trafficking at sea">cooperation against arms trafficking at sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lom%C3%A9%20Charter" title=" Lomé Charter"> Lomé Charter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20security" title=" maritime security"> maritime security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20and%20South%20Africa%20legislation%20on%20arms" title=" Nigerian and South Africa legislation on arms"> Nigerian and South Africa legislation on arms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158897/the-contribution-of-the-lome-charter-to-combating-trafficking-in-arms-at-sea-nigerian-and-south-african-legal-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> The Evolution of Strike and Intelligence Functions in Special Operations Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hardy">John Hardy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of special operations forces (SOF) in the twenty-first century is often discussed in terms of the size and disposition of SOF units. Research regarding the number SOF personnel, the equipment SOF units procure, and the variety of roles and mission that SOF fulfill in contemporary conflicts paints a fascinating picture of changing expectations for the use of force. A strong indicator of the changing nature of SOF in contemporary conflicts is the fusion of strike and intelligence functions in the SOF in many countries. What were once more distinct roles on the kind of battlefield generally associated with the concept of conventional warfare have become intermingled in the era of persistent conflict which SOF face. This study presents a historical analysis of the co-evolution of the intelligence and direct action functions carried out by SOF in counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and training and mentoring missions between 2004 and 2016. The study focuses primarily on innovation in the US military and the diffusion of key concepts to US allies first, and then more broadly afterward. The findings show that there were three key phases of evolution throughout the period of study, each coinciding with a process of innovation and doctrinal adaptation. The first phase was characterized by the fusion of intelligence at the tactical and operational levels. The second phase was characterized by the industrial counterterrorism campaigns used by US SOF against irregular enemies in Iraq and Afghanistan. The third phase was characterized by increasing forward collection of actionable intelligence by SOF force elements in the course of direct action raids. The evolution of strike and intelligence functions in SOF operations between 2004 and 2016 was significantly influenced by reciprocity. Intelligence fusion led to more effective targeting, which then increased intelligence collection. Strike and intelligence functions were then enhanced by greater emphasis on intelligence exploitation during operations, which further increased the effectiveness of both strike and intelligence operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterinsurgency" title="counterinsurgency">counterinsurgency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterterrorism" title=" counterterrorism"> counterterrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligence" title=" intelligence"> intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20warfare" title=" irregular warfare"> irregular warfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20operations" title=" military operations"> military operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20operations%20forces" title=" special operations forces"> special operations forces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94241/the-evolution-of-strike-and-intelligence-functions-in-special-operations-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Depollution of the Pinheiros River in the City of São Paulo: Mapping the Dynamics of Conflicts and Coalitions between Actors in Two Recent Depollution Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adalberto%20Gregorio%20Back">Adalberto Gregorio Back</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, the Pinheiros River, which crosses the urban area of the largest South American metropolis, the city of São Paulo, has been the subject of several interventions involving different interests and multiple demands, including the implementation of road axes and industrial occupation in the city, following its floodplains. the dilution of sewers; generation of electricity, with the reversal of its waters to the Billings Dam; and urban drainage. These processes, together with the exclusionary and peripheral urban sprawl with high population density in the peripheries, result in difficulties for the collection and treatment of household sewage, which flow into the tributaries and the Pinheiros River itself. In the last 20 years, two separate projects have been undertaken to clean up its waters. The first one between 2001-2011 was the flotation system, aimed at cleaning the river in its own gutter with equipment installed near the Bilings Dam; and, more recently, from 2019 to 2022, the proposal to connect about 74 thousand dwellings to the sewage collection and treatment system, as well as to install treatment plants in the tributaries of Pinheiros where the connection to the system is impracticable, given the irregular occupations. The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis on the dynamics of conflicts, interests and opportunities of coalitions between the actors involved in the two referred projects of pollution of the Pinheiros River. For this, we use the analysis of documents produced by the state government; as well as documents related to the legal disputes that occurred in the first attempt of decontamination involving the sanitation company; the Billings Dam management company interested in power generation; the city hall and regular and irregular dwellings not linked to the sanitation system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depollution%20of%20the%20Pinheiros%20River" title="depollution of the Pinheiros River">depollution of the Pinheiros River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interests%20groups" title=" interests groups"> interests groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%A3o%20Paulo" title=" São Paulo"> São Paulo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20energy%20nexus" title=" water energy nexus"> water energy nexus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118887/depollution-of-the-pinheiros-river-in-the-city-of-sao-paulo-mapping-the-dynamics-of-conflicts-and-coalitions-between-actors-in-two-recent-depollution-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> “Those Are the Things that We Need to be Talking About”: The Impact of Learning About the History of Racial Oppression during Ghana Study Abroad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Olco%C5%84">Katarzyna Olcoń</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20M.%20Pulliam"> Rose M. Pulliam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorie%20J.%20Gilbert"> Dorie J. Gilbert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the impact of learning about the history of racial oppression on U.S. university students who participated in a Ghana study abroad which involved visiting the former slave dungeons. Relying on ethnographic observations, individual interviews, and written journals of 27 students (predominantly White and Latino/a and social work majors), we identified four themes: (1) the suffering and resilience of African and African descent people; (2) ‘it’s still happening today’; (3) ‘you don’t learn about that in school’; and (4) remembrance, equity, and healing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racial%20oppression" title="racial oppression">racial oppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-racism%20pedagogy" title=" anti-racism pedagogy"> anti-racism pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20learning" title=" student learning"> student learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work%20education" title=" social work education"> social work education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20abroad" title=" study abroad"> study abroad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151427/those-are-the-things-that-we-need-to-be-talking-about-the-impact-of-learning-about-the-history-of-racial-oppression-during-ghana-study-abroad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Perceptions of Pregnant Women on the Transitional Use of Traditional Medicine in the Transitional District Western Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demmiele%20Matu%20Kiiza">Demmiele Matu Kiiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantine%20Steven%20Labongo%20Loum"> Constantine Steven Labongo Loum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaina%20Obika%20Asinasi"> Julaina Obika Asinasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The use of traditional medicine in Uganda forms the preliminary therapeutic approaches among many people. Traditional medicines have been used in Uganda for many years, not only for the management of pregnancy-related complications but also for the management of other physical and psychological illnesses. Traditional medicines are always considered the first line of treatment by a considerable number of people. This study, therefore, sought to explore the lived experiences of pregnant women by assessing their perceptions of the transitional use of traditional medicine. Methods: Ethnography was used to capture data from an emic perspective. The ethnographic approach involved visiting a few selected pregnant women to observe and participate in the identification of traditional medicines. The ethnographic fieldwork was carried out within a period of three months. In-depth interviews were carried out and audio recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Data was thereafter analyzed thematically. The thematic analysis involved identifying statements made by research participants by transcribing audio and reading through field notes, coding was done, and themes were generated according to commonly mentioned experiences of using traditional medicine. Results: The findings revealed that women performed a ritual of ‘cutting the cord’ by making a small horizontal incision on the belly across the linea Nigra (also known as a pregnancy line) at around six months of pregnancy to avoid producing a baby with an umbilical cord tied around the baby’s neck. They also used crushed egg shells, crushed snail shells and herbs such as pawpaw roots, Entarahompo (crassocephalum vitelline), Ekyoganyanja (Erlangea tomentose), to manage Omushohokye (a term used by the study participants to refer to a situation where women pass out too much water when giving birth, producing a child with mold and oozing out of a milky liquid through the breasts before giving births); prepare for safe delivery and also to manage pregnancy-related complications. The study recommends the implementation of a traditional medicine use policy using a bottom-up approach. Designing and implementing of culturally sensitive maternal healthcare intervention programs and involving village health teams and the elderly in health education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20medicine" title="traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uganda" title=" uganda"> uganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions" title=" perceptions"> perceptions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173511/perceptions-of-pregnant-women-on-the-transitional-use-of-traditional-medicine-in-the-transitional-district-western-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> “Uninformed” Religious Orientation Can Lead to Violence in Any Given Community: The Case of African Independence Churches in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngwako%20Daniel%20Sebola">Ngwako Daniel Sebola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introductory Statement: Religions are necessary as they offer and teach something to their adherence. People in one religion may not have a complete understanding of the Supreme Being (Deity) in a certain religion other than their own. South Africa, like other countries in the world, consists of various religions, including Christianity. Almost 80% of South African population adheres to the Christian faith, though in different denominations and sects. Each church fulfils spiritual needs that perhaps others cannot fill. African Independent Churches is one of the denominations in the country. These churches arose as a protest to the Western forms and expressions of Christianity. Their major concern was to develop an indigenous expression of Christianity. The relevance of African Independent Churches includes addressing the needs of the people holistically. Controlling diseases was an important aspect of change in different historical periods. Through healing services, leaders of African churches are able to attract many followers. The healing power associated with the founders of many African Initiated Churches leads to people following and respecting them as true leaders within many African communities. Despite its strong points, African Independent Churches, like many others, face a variety of challenges, especially conflicts. Ironically, destructive conflicts resulted in violence.. Such violence demonstrates a lack of informed religious orientation among those concerned. This paper investigates and analyses the causes of conflict and violence in the African Independent Church. The researcher used the Shembe and International Pentecostal Holiness Churches, in South Africa, as a point of departure. As a solution to curb violence, the researcher suggests useful strategies in handling conflicts. Methodology: Comparative and qualitative approaches have been used as methods of collecting data in this research. The intention is to analyse the similarities and differences of violence among members of the Shembe and International Pentecostal Holiness Churches. Equally important, the researcher aims to obtain data through interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, among others. The researcher aims to interview fifteen individuals from both churches. Finding: Leadership squabbles and power struggle appear to be the main contributing factors of violence in many Independent Churches. Ironically, violence resulted in the loss of life and destruction of properties, like in the case of the Shembe and International Pentecostal Holiness Churches. Violence is an indication that congregations and some leaders have not been properly equipped to deal with conflict. Concluding Statement: Conflict is a common part of every human existence in any given community. The concern is when such conflict becomes contagious; it leads to violence. There is a need to understand consciously and objectively towards devising the appropriate measures to handle the conflict. Conflict management calls for emotional maturity, self-control, empathy, patience, tolerance and informed religious orientation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African" title="African">African</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=church" title=" church"> church</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146364/uninformed-religious-orientation-can-lead-to-violence-in-any-given-community-the-case-of-african-independence-churches-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution in Africa: A Pathway to Sustainable Peace in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejovi%20Eghwubare%20Augustine">Ejovi Eghwubare Augustine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study delved into the traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in Africa, a pathway to sustainable peace in Nigeria. It deployed the quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and content analysis. The work adopted the Peace Process theory propounded by John Darby and Roger Macunity. It ascertained that disputes or disagreements are unarguably and necessarily an inevitable part of human existence, flowing directly from communication, interaction, and relationships which can occur at individual and national levels, even at international levels in view of the current trend of globalization. The alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism is a basket of procedures outside the traditional process of litigation or strict determination of legal rights. It may also be elucidated as a range of procedures that serve as generally involve the intercession and assistance of a neutral and impartial third party. The traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in Africa are alien to the Western world; this paper is of utmost importance to the Western world and also enriched their pool of literature. Nigeria is a country that is dominated by various ethnic groups anchored on diverse cultures, customs, and traditions. It is, therefore, not surprising to see conflicts arise, and despite the various attempts at resolving these conflicts through litigation, they still remained unabated. The paper investigated the lessons learned from Traditional Mechanisms of Conflict resolution; it also interrogated its impact and the way forward. In light of the lessons that were learned and the impact of the traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution, suggestions on how to attain a sustainable, peaceful society were proffered. In conclusion, the study crystallized reforms on the alternative dispute resolution introduced through the traditional mechanism, which includes, amongst others, that constitutional recognition should be given to traditional institutions of conflict resolution to enable quick dispensation of matters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional" title="traditional">traditional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace" title=" peace"> peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resolution" title=" resolution"> resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166680/traditional-mechanisms-of-conflict-resolution-in-africa-a-pathway-to-sustainable-peace-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Human–Wildlife Conflicts in Selected Areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nausheen%20Irshad">Nausheen Irshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) exists in both developed and developing countries though it is more serious in developing nations. Knowledge of species ecology and species sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures is an important prerequisite for conservation/management. Therefore, three districts (Poonch, Bagh, and Muzaffarabad) of Azad Jammu and Kashmir were selected to highlight the wildlife hunting practices from January 2015 to November 2018. The study area was thoroughly explored to recover dead animals. Moreover, the local community was investigated (questionnaire survey) to catch on motives of killing. The results showed HWC mainly arises due to feeding habits of wild animals as some are frugivorous (small Indian civet and small Kashmir flying squirrel) who damaged human cultivated fruit trees. Besides, Indian crested porcupine and wild boar act as serious crop pests. The feeding upon domestic animals (common leopard) and poultry (Asiatic Jackal and Red fox) were also reported as factors of conflict. Hence numerous wild animals and birds (N=120) were found killed by natives in revenge. Despite protected status in Pakistan, the killed mammals belonged to categories of critically endangered (Panthera pardus) and near threatened (Viverricula indica) species. The important birds include critically endangered (Falco peregrines) and endangered (Lophura leucomelanos) species. It was found that mammals were primarily killed due to HWC (60%) followed by recreation (20%) and trade (15%) Whereas, the foremost hunting reasons for birds are recreation (50%), food (25%) and trade (25%). The drastic hunting/killing of the species needs our immediate attention. This unwarranted killing must be stopped forthwith otherwise these animals become extinct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azad%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic%20pressures" title=" anthropogenic pressures"> anthropogenic pressures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endangered%20species" title=" endangered species"> endangered species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-wildlife%20conflicts" title=" human-wildlife conflicts"> human-wildlife conflicts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104355/human-wildlife-conflicts-in-selected-areas-of-azad-jammu-and-kashmir-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Incorporating Cultural Assets in Yucatec Maya Mathematics Classrooms.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Darling">Felicia Darling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Yucatec Maya middle schools in the Yucatán, mathematics scores are low and high school dropout rates are high. While addressing larger social and economic causes is crucial, improving mathematics instruction is a feasible approach. This paper draws from a six-month ethnographic, mixed-method study documenting two cultural approaches to problem solving. It explores the extent to which middle school mathematics instruction capitalizes upon these cultural assets and pilots two real-life mathematics tasks that incorporate them. Findings add details to the school/community culture gap around mathematics knowledge and have implications for mathematics education for marginalized students in México and the US. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math%20education" title="math education">math education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya" title=" Maya"> Maya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20assets" title=" cultural assets"> cultural assets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school" title=" secondary school"> secondary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192993/incorporating-cultural-assets-in-yucatec-maya-mathematics-classrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Descriptive Analysis of the Relationship between State and Civil Society in Hegel's Political Thought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garineh%20Keshishyan%20Siraki">Garineh Keshishyan Siraki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Civil society is one of the most important concepts of the twentieth century and even so far. Modern and postmodern thinkers have provided different definitions of civil society. Of course, the concept of civil society has undergone many changes over time. The relationship between government and civil society is one of the relationships that attracted the attention of many contemporary thinkers. Hegel, the thinker we discussed in this article also explores the relationship between these concepts and emphasizing the dialectical method, he has drawn three lines between family, state, and civil society. In Hegel's view, the creation of civil society will lead to a reduction of social conflict and increased social cohesion. The importance of the issue is due to the study of social cohesion and the ways to increase it. The importance of the issue is due to the study of social cohesion and the ways to increase it. This paper, which uses a descriptive-analytic method to examine Hegel's dialectical theory of civil society, after examining the relationship between the family and the state and finding the concept of civil society as the interface and the interconnected circle of these two, investigates tripartite economic, legal, and pluralistic systems. In this article, after examining the concepts of the market, the right and duty, the individual interests and the development of the exchange economy, Hegel's view is to examine the concept of freedom and its relation with civil society. The results of this survey show that, in Hegel's thought, the separation between the political system and the social system is a natural and necessary thing. In Hegel's view, because of those who are in society, they have selfish features; the community is in tension and contradiction. Therefore, the social realms within which conflicts emerge must be identified and controlled by specific mechanisms. It can also be concluded that the government can act to reduce social conflicts by legislating, using force or forming trade unions. The bottom line is that Hegel wants to reconcile between the individual, the state and civil society and it is not possible to rely on ethics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20society" title="civil society">civil society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion%20system" title=" cohesion system"> cohesion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20system" title=" economic system"> economic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20legal%20system" title=" the legal system"> the legal system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state" title=" state"> state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96863/descriptive-analysis-of-the-relationship-between-state-and-civil-society-in-hegels-political-thought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Undergraduates' Development of Interpersonal and Cooperative Competence in Service-Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huixuan%20Xu">Huixuan Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was set out to investigate the extent to which and how service-learning fostered a sample of 138 Hong Kong undergraduates’ interpersonal competence and cooperative orientation development. Interpersonal competence is presented when an individual shows empathy with others, provides intelligent advice to others and has practical judgment. Cooperative orientation reflects individuals’ willingness to work with others to achieve common goals. A quality service-learning programme may exhibit the features of provision of meaningful service, close link to curriculum, continuous reflection, youth voice, and diversity. Mixed methods were employed in the present study. Pre-posttest survey was administered to capture individual undergraduates’ development of interpersonal competence and cooperative orientation over a period of four months. The respondents’ evaluation of service-learning elements was administered in the post-test survey. Focus groups were conducted after the end of the service-learning to further explore how the certain service-learning elements promoted individual undergraduates’ development of interpersonal competence and cooperative orientation. Three main findings were reported from the study. (1) The scores of interpersonal competence increased significantly from the pretest to the posttest, while the change of cooperative orientation was not significant. (2) Cooperative orientation and interpersonal competence were correlated positively with the overall course quality respectively, which suggested that the more a service-learning course complied with quality practice, the students became more competent in interpersonal competence and cooperative orientation. (3) The following service-learning elements showed higher impacts: (a) direct contact with service recipients, which engaged students in practicing interpersonal skills; (b) individual participants’ being exposed to a situation that required communication and dialogue with people from diverse backgrounds with different views; (c) experiencing interpersonal conflicts among team members and having the conflicts solved; (d) students’ taking a leading role in a project-based service. The present study provides compelling evidence about what elements in a service-learning program may foster undergraduates’ development of cooperative orientation and interpersonal competence. Implications for the design of service-learning programmes are provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduates" title="undergraduates">undergraduates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20competence" title=" interpersonal competence"> interpersonal competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperation%20orientation" title=" cooperation orientation"> cooperation orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service-learning" title=" service-learning"> service-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78937/undergraduates-development-of-interpersonal-and-cooperative-competence-in-service-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> The Basketball Show in the North of France: When the NBA Globalized Culture Meets the Local Carnival Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Sudre">David Sudre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the cultural model of reference for most of the French basketball community stakeholders (players, coaches, team and league managers). In addition to the strong impact it has on how this sport is played and perceived, the NBA also influences the ways professional basketball shows are organized in France (within the Jeep Elite league). The objective of this research is to see how and to what extent the NBA show, as a globalized cultural product, disrupts Jeep Elite's professional basketball cultural codes in the organization of its shows. The article will aim at questioning the intercultural phenomenon at stake in sports cultures in France through the prism of the basketball match. This angle will shed some light on the underlying relationships between local and global elements. The results of this research come from a one-year survey conducted in a small town in northern France, Le Portel, where the Etoile Sportive Saint Michel (ESSM), a Jeep Elite's club, operates. An ethnographic approach was favored. It entailed many participating observations and semi-directive interviews with supporters of the ESSM Le Portel. Through this ethnographic work with the team's fan groups (before the games, during the games and after the games), it was possible for the researchers to understand better all the cultural and identity issues that play out in the "Cauldron," the basketball arena of the ESSM Le Portel. The results demonstrate, at first glance, that many basketball events organized in France are copied from the American model. It seems difficult not to try to imitate the American reference that the NBA represents, whether it be at the French All-Star Game or a Jeep Elite Game at Le Portel. In this case, an acculturation process seems to occur, not only in the way people play but also in the creation of the show (cheerleaders, animations, etc.). However, this American culture of globalized basketball, although re-appropriated, is also being modified by the members of ESSM Le Portel within their locality. Indeed, they juggle between their culture of origin and their culture of reference to build their basketball show within their sociocultural environment. In this way, Le Portel managers and supporters introduce elements that are characteristic of their local culture into the show, such as carnival customs and celebrations, two ingredients that fully contribute to the creation of their identity. Ultimately, in this context of "glocalization," this research will ascertain, on the one hand, that the identity of French basketball becomes harder to outline, and, on the other hand, that the "Cauldron" turns out to be a place to preserve (fantasized) local identities, or even a place of (unconscious) resistance to the dominant model of American basketball culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball" title="basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carnival" title=" carnival"> carnival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=show" title=" show"> show</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supporters." title=" supporters."> supporters.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141439/the-basketball-show-in-the-north-of-france-when-the-nba-globalized-culture-meets-the-local-carnival-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Paradigm Shift of the World Is Globalization: Identity Crisis, Violence and Cultural War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahla%20Bukhtair">Shahla Bukhtair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paradigm presents a consensus view of a particular or collective community, accepted into by the members of that community, either consciously pronounced or, more likely, simply assumed and not intentionally acknowledged but is articulated. Paradigm shift is based on the behavioral attitude of the community. Change is inexorable. The world is suffering with the innovative creation of globalization. Media boosted this paradigm shift all over the world. Globalization is a vigorous process which impacts differentially on various cultures around the world. The outcome of the globalization is permeates cultural boundaries and in the process results in the spread of Western ideologies and values across the world. The term flourished in 20th century. Globalization is regarded as having substantial impact on such crises through its encouragement of conflicts rather than conciliation; through opportunities of expression, various groups get benefit with it. Identity crisis refers to inflexible mechanism i.e. cultural and political conflicts among polarized groups, which struggle with each other over the definition of a national identity. Violence is not only a kind of physical but it also psychological as well. Due to identity crisis, a person is having an issue of fear, anxiety, and lack of security. Everything has negative and positive aspects. Newspaper columns, magazine articles, films, made-for-TV movies, television special reports, and talk shows are all public arenas where images of political agenda of their own interest are constructed, debated, and reproduced. From these resources, individuals construct their own conceptions of what is normal and acceptable. This bias affects images in the media, and in turn has a negative effect on public development in a society. This paper investigates the relationship between globalization and cultural war, identity crisis and the role of violence. Objectives: - To determine which type of media plays an important role in shaping perceptions and attitudes of public negatively; - To analyze the impact of globalization on identity crisis, violence and global culture (positive and negative). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paradigm%20shift" title="paradigm shift">paradigm shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20crisis" title=" identity crisis"> identity crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20war" title=" cultural war"> cultural war</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41856/paradigm-shift-of-the-world-is-globalization-identity-crisis-violence-and-cultural-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> The Effect of Ethnic and Boko Haram Insurgency in the Economic Development of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Industries in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinwe%20Juliana%20Abara">Chinwe Juliana Abara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayo%20Keshi"> Dayo Keshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through cultural heritage materials, nations witness significant boom in the world of art and tourism as well as attract foreign investors and tourists to the benefit of the regions and countries where they are located. There are notable heritage sites which record visits by tourists in their thousands annually. According to UNESCO the cultural heritage reflects the life of the community, its history and its identity. Its preservation helps to rebuild broken communities, re-establish their identities, and link their past with their present and future. During any form of conflict or war, a lot happen. People die, houses destroyed and every other thing in the society suffers. Wars and conflicts in various countries have claimed antiquities, heritage materials, contemporary Arts, Galleries, Museums, Archives and very important Monuments and Heritage sites. My Paper deals with the effects of insurgencies and conflicts on cultural heritage and tourism industries in Nigeria and how they can be protected and restored so as to yield the desirable economic gains. Preceding from the premise that conflict of any type puts our cultural heritage at risk; this paper also explores the practical challenges and opportunities available to us in the face of incessant ethnic and Boko Haram (western education is abomination) insurgents and their wanton destruction of lives and properties. There will be a review of relevant literature and documents on the effects of violence on heritage materials and tourism industries in Nigeria particularly and other parts of the world in generally .My paper also highlights the activities the National Council for Arts and Culture as well as other Cultural Agencies in Nigeria have employed to sensitize the stakeholders, the youth, the elderly, and the community at large on the need for peaceful co-existence so as to collectively strive to safeguard and secure our cultural heritage in the face of all these challenges for posterity and desirable economic gains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title="cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurgency" title=" insurgency"> insurgency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19703/the-effect-of-ethnic-and-boko-haram-insurgency-in-the-economic-development-of-cultural-heritage-and-tourism-industries-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Understanding How Democratic Governance Influence Resource Allocation and Utilisation in Economies in Transition: The Case of Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terence%20Maisah%20Seka">Terence Maisah Seka </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines democratic governance within the private and public sectors in economies in transition (Cameroon) by exploring how they influence development in terms of resource allocation to priorities that are locally conceptualized. The benefit of this is an improvement in indigenous and the quality of life for the local population. Using an ethnographic approach, this paper suggests that institutional corruption and state bureaucracy has limited the impact of democratic governance in influencing development. This has seen funds for developments being embezzled; local projects are not being done to satisfaction among others. The paper contributes by proposing measures to eliminate corruption to improve democratic governance, which will improve resource allocation and utilization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20governance" title="democratic governance">democratic governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilisation" title=" utilisation"> utilisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameroon" title=" Cameroon"> Cameroon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105236/understanding-how-democratic-governance-influence-resource-allocation-and-utilisation-in-economies-in-transition-the-case-of-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Design of a Human-in-the-Loop Aircraft Taxiing Optimisation System Using Autonomous Tow Trucks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Zaninotto">Stefano Zaninotto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geoffrey%20Farrugia"> Geoffrey Farrugia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Debattista"> Johan Debattista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Gauci"> Jason Gauci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need to reduce fuel and noise during taxi operations in the airports with a scenario of constantly increasing air traffic has resulted in an effort by the aerospace industry to move towards electric taxiing. In fact, this is one of the problems that is currently being addressed by SESAR JU and two main solutions are being proposed. With the first solution, electric motors are installed in the main (or nose) landing gear of the aircraft. With the second solution, manned or unmanned electric tow trucks are used to tow aircraft from the gate to the runway (or vice-versa). The presence of the tow trucks results in an increase in vehicle traffic inside the airport. Therefore, it is important to design the system in a way that the workload of Air Traffic Control (ATC) is not increased and the system assists ATC in managing all ground operations. The aim of this work is to develop an electric taxiing system, based on the use of autonomous tow trucks, which optimizes aircraft ground operations while keeping ATC in the loop. This system will consist of two components: an optimization tool and a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The optimization tool will be responsible for determining the optimal path for arriving and departing aircraft; allocating a tow truck to each taxiing aircraft; detecting conflicts between aircraft and/or tow trucks; and proposing solutions to resolve any conflicts. There are two main optimization strategies proposed in the literature. With centralized optimization, a central authority coordinates and makes the decision for all ground movements, in order to find a global optimum. With the second strategy, called decentralized optimization or multi-agent system, the decision authority is distributed among several agents. These agents could be the aircraft, the tow trucks, and taxiway or runway intersections. This approach finds local optima; however, it scales better with the number of ground movements and is more robust to external disturbances (such as taxi delays or unscheduled events). The strategy proposed in this work is a hybrid system combining aspects of these two approaches. The GUI will provide information on the movement and status of each aircraft and tow truck, and alert ATC about any impending conflicts. It will also enable ATC to give taxi clearances and to modify the routes proposed by the system. The complete system will be tested via computer simulation of various taxi scenarios at multiple airports, including Malta International Airport, a major international airport, and a fictitious airport. These tests will involve actual Air Traffic Controllers in order to evaluate the GUI and assess the impact of the system on ATC workload and situation awareness. It is expected that the proposed system will increase the efficiency of taxi operations while reducing their environmental impact. Furthermore, it is envisaged that the system will facilitate various controller tasks and improve ATC situation awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20traffic%20control" title="air traffic control">air traffic control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20taxiing" title=" electric taxiing"> electric taxiing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20tow%20trucks" title=" autonomous tow trucks"> autonomous tow trucks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20user%20interface" title=" graphical user interface"> graphical user interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20operations" title=" ground operations"> ground operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent" title=" multi-agent"> multi-agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20optimization" title=" route optimization"> route optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98056/design-of-a-human-in-the-loop-aircraft-taxiing-optimisation-system-using-autonomous-tow-trucks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> The Relation between Urbanization and Forestry Policies in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azize%20Serap%20Tuncer">Azize Serap Tuncer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turkey is one of the most outstanding figures among the Mediterranean countries from the natural and historical point at view. It is relatively rich country as regards the flora and vegetation. But at the same time as a result of improper and unplanned usage of the land for centuries, its forests and fertile soils have been exposed to great damages. While rapid and uncontrolled urbanization has important effects on the environment, urban development legislations, have become very unsufficient for the protection of these areas. Some of them have been completely eradicated, and some others have lost their fertility. Besides Turkey has a high main land with a rough surface and its soils areas exposed to heavy erosion. On the other hand as a developing country, it is not willing to endanger the goals of industrialization and avoid foreign direct investment by implementing strict environmental policies. Although this kind of pressure on forestland resources threatens the stability of forest land and land use management, in recent years, there has been an obvious increase in public concern about environmental problems like over global warming, environmental pollution, deforestation and their potential effects on natural resources. To protect the ecological balance and prevention of naturel resources from the unplanned intervention of human-beıng is only possible establishing conservation areas wıth co-operation at the national and the internatıonal levels. This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between urbanization and forestry policies in Turkey. While it elaborates the normative arrangements resulting in power conflicts, it also addresses which shortages and discrepancies are responsible for the said conflicts. The present urban reconstruction and transformation practices and their aesthetic and functional aspects were studied with some examples in a country level and evaluated within the assistance of literature researches, analyses, and observations. Atatürk Forest Farm and ODTU Forest examples were negotiated as two famous cases. Obtained findings were supported by charts and photos. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deforestration" title="deforestration">deforestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policies" title=" environmental policies"> environmental policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan" title=" metropolitan"> metropolitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83310/the-relation-between-urbanization-and-forestry-policies-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Farmers’ Perception and Response to Climate Change Across Agro-ecological Zones in Conflict-Ridden Communities in Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotsmart%20%20Fonjong">Lotsmart Fonjong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The livelihood of rural communities in the West African state of Cameroon, which is largely dictated by natural forces (rainfall, temperatures, and soil), is today threatened by climate change and armed conflict. This paper investigates the extent to which rural communities are aware of climate change, how their perceptions of changes across different agro-ecological zones have impacted farming practices, output, and lifestyles, on the one hand, and the extent to which local armed conflicts are confounding their efforts and adaptation abilities. The paper is based on a survey conducted among small farmers in selected localities within the forest and savanna ecological zones of the conflict-ridden Northwest and Southwest Cameroon. Attention is paid to farmers’ gender, scale, and type of farming. Farmers’ perception of/and response to climate change are analysed alongside local rainfall and temperature data and mobilization for climate justice. Findings highlight the fact that farmers’ perception generally corroborates local climatic data. Climatic instability has negatively affected farmers’ output, food prices, standards of living, and food security. However, the vulnerability of the population varies across ecological zones, gender, and crop types. While these factors also account for differences in local response and adaptation to climate change, ongoing armed conflicts in these regions have further complicated opportunities for climate-driven agricultural innovations, inputs, and exchange of information among farmers. This situation underlines how poor communities, as victims, are forced into many complex problems outsider their making. It is therefore important to mainstream farmers’ perceptions and differences into policy strategies that consider both climate change and Anglophone conflict as national security concerns foe sustainable development in Cameroon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20policies" title="adaptation policies">adaptation policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20farmers" title=" small farmers"> small farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cameroon" title=" cameroon"> cameroon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144094/farmers-perception-and-response-to-climate-change-across-agro-ecological-zones-in-conflict-ridden-communities-in-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Sacred Spaces, Scarred Bodies: Understanding Forms of and Meanings Associated with Female Circumcision amongst Somali Women in Johannesburg</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Jinnah">Z. Jinnah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International migration is associated with a disruption of social environments and social control. At the same time, the reproduction of cultural and social norms in the Diaspora provides a space for the (re)negotiation of gender roles, rights, and practices. This paper explores the relationship between mobility and the practice of female circumcision amongst Somalis in Johannesburg. Based on 4 years of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the social determinants of cultural norms and practices, the linkages between class and tradition, and argues that the new social environment in South Africa conditions the ways in which Somali women relate to their bodies, and therefore understand the meanings associated with and practices of female circumcision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somali%20women" title=" Somali women"> Somali women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20circumcision" title=" female circumcision"> female circumcision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannesburg" title=" Johannesburg"> Johannesburg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9100/sacred-spaces-scarred-bodies-understanding-forms-of-and-meanings-associated-with-female-circumcision-amongst-somali-women-in-johannesburg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> The Incubation of University Spin-Offs: An Exploratory Study of a Deep Tech Venture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20D.%20Donovan">Jerome D. Donovan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pandemic has resulted in a dramatic re-consideration of the reliance on international student fees to support university models in Australia. A key resulting initiative for the Australian Federal Government has been shifting the way universities consider their research model, emphasising the importance of commercialising research. This study specifically examines this shift from the perspective of a university spin-off, examining how university support structures and incubation models have assisted in the translation of fundamental research into a high-growth university spin-off. A focused case study approach is adopted in this study, using an auto-ethnographic research method to document the experiences and insights drawn from being a co-founder in a university spin-off in a time where research commercialisation has emerged as a central focus in Australian universities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20commercialisation" title="research commercialisation">research commercialisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-offs" title=" spin-offs"> spin-offs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20incubation" title=" university incubation"> university incubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166331/the-incubation-of-university-spin-offs-an-exploratory-study-of-a-deep-tech-venture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Hand-Held X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Pre-Diagnostic Studies in Conservation, and Limitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irmak%20Gunes%20Yuceil">Irmak Gunes Yuceil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper outlines interferences and analytical errors which are encountered in the qualification and quantification of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts, by means of handheld x-ray fluorescence. These shortcomings were evaluated through case studies carried out on metallic artifacts related to various periods and cultures around Anatolia. An Innov-X Delta Standard 2000 handheld x-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to collect data from 1361 artifacts, through 6789 measurements and 70 hours’ tube usage, in between 2013-2017. Spectrum processing was done by Delta Advanced PC Software. Qualitative and quantitative results screened by the device were compared with the spectrum graphs, and major discrepancies associated with physical and analytical interferences were clarified in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand-held%20x-ray%20fluorescence%20spectroscopy" title="hand-held x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy">hand-held x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20and%20archaeology" title=" art and archaeology"> art and archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferences%20and%20analytical%20errors" title=" interferences and analytical errors"> interferences and analytical errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-diagnosis%20in%20conservation" title=" pre-diagnosis in conservation"> pre-diagnosis in conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96185/hand-held-x-ray-fluorescence-spectroscopy-for-pre-diagnostic-studies-in-conservation-and-limitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> A Different Perspective on the Sustainability of Logistics Service Providers in City Logistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20de%20Tarragon">Hugo de Tarragon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martine%20Hlady-Rispal"> Martine Hlady-Rispal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauthier%20Casteran"> Gauthier Casteran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rooted in ethnographic research on city logistics, our paper examines how Logistics Service Providers (LSP) can move from a "subservient" posture to one of instigating the sustainable transformation of city logistics, using literature on sustainable city logistics. To do so, we start by providing a representation of the subservient posture adopted by LSPs during their interactions with stakeholders. We then mobilize ecosystem theories to analyze the follower posture LSP can adopt to ensure their financial, human, and environmental sustainability in a city logistics ecosystem. This study contributes to local authorities’ greater consideration/involvement of LSP in the definition of their city logistics strategy. It can also provide LSP with an insight into the transformations to be carried out to improve their sustainability. Finally, it encourages research projects aimed at exploring more precisely the value relationships between LSP and their stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20logistics" title="city logistics">city logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20service%20providers" title=" logistics service providers"> logistics service providers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystems" title=" ecosystems"> ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20creation" title=" value creation"> value creation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167375/a-different-perspective-on-the-sustainability-of-logistics-service-providers-in-city-logistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Mining in Peru and Local Governance: Assessing the Contribution of CRS Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Carrillo%20Hoyos">Sandra Carrillo Hoyos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining activities in South America have significantly grown during the last decades, given the abundance of natural resources, the implemented governmental policies to incentivize foreign investment as well as the boom in international prices for metals and oil between 2002 and 2008. While this context allowed the region to occupy a leading position between the top producers of minerals around the world, it has also meant an increase in socio-environmental conflicts which have generated costs and negative impacts not only for the companies but especially for the governments and local communities.During the latest decade, the mining sector in Peru has faced with the social resistance of a large number of communities, which began organizing actions against the implementation of high investing projects. The dissatisfaction has derived in the prevalence of socio-environmental conflicts associated with mining activities, some of them never solved into an agreement. In order to prevent those socio-environmental conflicts and obtain the social license from local communities, most of the mining companies have developed diverse initiatives within the framework of policies and practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper has assessed the mining sector’s contribution toward the local development management along the last decade, as part of CSR strategies as well as the policies promoted by the Peruvian State. This assessment found that, in the beginning, these initiatives have been based on a philanthropic approach and were reacting to pressures from local stakeholders to maintain the consent to operate from the surrounding communities as well as to create, as a result, a harmonious atmosphere for operations. Due to the weak State presence, such practices have increased the expectations of communities related to the participation of mining companies in solving structural development problems, especially those related to primary needs, infrastructure, education, health, among others. In other words, this paper was focused on analyze in what extent these initiatives have promoted local empowerment for development planning and integrated management of natural resources from a territorial approach. From this perspective, the analysis demonstrates that, while the design and planning of social investment initiatives have improved due to the sector´s sustainability approach, many companies have developed actions beyond their competence during this process. In some cases, the referenced actions have generated dependency with communities, even though this relationship has not exempted the companies of conflict situations with unfortunate consequences. Furthermore, the social programs developed have not necessarily generated a significant impact in improving the quality of life of affected populations. In fact, it is possible to identify that those regions with high mining resources and investment are facing with a situation of poverty and high dependency on mining production. In spite of the revenues derived from mining industry, local governments have not been able to translate the royalties into sustainable development opportunities. For this reason, the proposed paper suggests some challenges for the mining sector contribution to local development based on the best practices and lessons learnt from a benchmarking for the leading mining companies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title="corporate social responsibility">corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20development" title=" local development"> local development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-environmental%20conflict" title=" socio-environmental conflict"> socio-environmental conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25851/mining-in-peru-and-local-governance-assessing-the-contribution-of-crs-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Meeting Criminogenic Needs to Reduce Recidivism: The Diversion of Vulnerable Offenders from the Criminal Justice System into Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20Rocha">Paulo Rocha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Once in touch with the Criminal Justice System, offenders with mental disorder tend to return to custody more often than nondisordered individuals, which suggests they have not been receiving appropriate treatment in prison. In this scenario, diverting individuals into care as early as possible in their trajectory seems to be the appropriate approach to rehabilitate mentally unwell offenders and alleviate overcrowded prisons. This paper builds on an ethnographic research investigating the challenges encountered by practitioners working to divert offenders into care while attempting to establish cross-boundary interactions with professionals in the Criminal Justice System and Mental Health Services in the UK. Drawing upon the findings of the study, this paper suggests the development of adequate tools to enable liaison between agencies which ultimately results in successful interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminogenic%20needs" title="criminogenic needs">criminogenic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interagency%20collaboration" title=" interagency collaboration"> interagency collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liaison%20and%20diversion" title=" liaison and diversion"> liaison and diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recidivism" title=" recidivism"> recidivism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86776/meeting-criminogenic-needs-to-reduce-recidivism-the-diversion-of-vulnerable-offenders-from-the-criminal-justice-system-into-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Digitalised Welfare: Systems for Both Seeing and Working with Mess</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20Morris">Amelia Morris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizzie%20Coles-Kemp"> Lizzie Coles-Kemp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Will%20Jones"> Will Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines how community welfare initiatives transform how individuals use and experience an ostensibly universal welfare system. This paper argues that the digitalisation of welfare overlooks the complex reality of being unemployed or in low-wage work, and erects digital barriers to accessing welfare. Utilising analysis of ethnographic research in food banks and community groups, the paper explores the ways that Universal Credit has not abolished face-to-face support, but relocated it to unofficial sites of welfare. The apparent efficiency and simplicity of the state’s digital welfare apparatus, therefore, is produced not by reducing the ‘messiness’ of welfare, but by rendering it invisible within the digital framework. Using the analysis of the study’s data, this paper recommends three principles of service design that would render the messiness visible to the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare" title="welfare">welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalisation" title=" digitalisation"> digitalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20bank" title=" food bank"> food bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Universal%20Credit" title=" Universal Credit"> Universal Credit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127231/digitalised-welfare-systems-for-both-seeing-and-working-with-mess" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> OAS and Interstate Dispute Resolution at the Beginning of the 21st Century: General Pattern and Peculiarities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20Jeifets">Victor Jeifets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliia%20Khadorich"> Liliia Khadorich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the OAS role in dispute resolution. The authors make an attempt to identify a general pattern of the OAS activities within the peaceful settlement of interstate conflicts, in the beginning of 21st century, as well as to analyze some features of Honduras–Belize, Nicaragua–Honduras, Honduras–El Salvador, Costa-Rica–Nicaragua, Colombia–Ecuador cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OAS" title="OAS">OAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20maintenance" title=" peace maintenance"> peace maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20dispute" title=" border dispute"> border dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20resolution" title=" dispute resolution"> dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peaceful%20settlement" title=" peaceful settlement"> peaceful settlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17836/oas-and-interstate-dispute-resolution-at-the-beginning-of-the-21st-century-general-pattern-and-peculiarities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnographic%20conflicts&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnographic%20conflicts&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnographic%20conflicts&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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