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id="toc-反応-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基本的励起状態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基本的励起状態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>基本的励起状態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基本的励起状態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-励起の混合状態" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#励起の混合状態"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>励起の混合状態</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-励起の混合状態-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>出典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目次" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">励起状態</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語42件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="アラビア語: حالة مثارة" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة مثارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_escit%C3%A1u" title="アストゥリアス語: Estáu escitáu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estáu escitáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="アストゥリアス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="ブルガリア語: Възбудено състояние на атома" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Възбудено състояние на атома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ブルガリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE" title="ベンガル語: উত্তেজিত দশা" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তেজিত দশা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ベンガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_excitat" title="カタロニア語: Estat excitat" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat excitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitovan%C3%BD_stav" title="チェコ語: Excitovaný stav" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Excitovaný stav" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="チェコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="チュヴァシ語: Пăлхану (физика)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăлхану (физика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="チュヴァシ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciteret_tilstand" title="デンマーク語: Exciteret tilstand" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Exciteret tilstand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="デンマーク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeregter_Zustand" title="ドイツ語: Angeregter Zustand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angeregter Zustand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="ギリシャ語: Διεγερμένη κατάσταση" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεγερμένη κατάσταση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ギリシャ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excited_state" title="英語: Excited state" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Excited state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_excitado" title="スペイン語: Estado excitado" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado excitado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergastatud_olek" title="エストニア語: Ergastatud olek" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ergastatud olek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="エストニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egoera_kitzikatu" title="バスク語: Egoera kitzikatu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egoera kitzikatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="バスク語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%87" title="ペルシア語: حالت برانگیخته" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حالت برانگیخته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viritystila" title="フィンランド語: Viritystila" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viritystila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="フィンランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitation_(physique)" title="フランス語: Excitation (physique)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Excitation (physique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="フランス語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staid_flosctha_(fisic)" title="アイルランド語: Staid flosctha (fisic)" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Staid flosctha (fisic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="アイルランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8" title="ヘブライ語: עירור" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עירור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ヘブライ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="アルメニア語: Գրգռում (ֆիզիկա)" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրգռում (ֆիզիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="アルメニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksitasi" title="インドネシア語: Eksitasi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksitasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccitazione_(meccanica_quantistica)" title="イタリア語: Eccitazione (meccanica quantistica)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eccitazione (meccanica quantistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nenzenkai" title="ロジバン語: nenzenkai" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nenzenkai" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ロジバン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%A4%EB%9C%AC_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="韓国語: 들뜬 상태" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="들뜬 상태" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C5%BEadinta_b%C5%ABsena" title="リトアニア語: Sužadinta būsena" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sužadinta būsena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="リトアニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="マケドニア語: Возбудена состојба" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Возбудена состојба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="マケドニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aangeslagen_toestand" title="オランダ語: Aangeslagen toestand" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aangeslagen toestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="オランダ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksitasjon" title="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク): Eksitasjon" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eksitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ニーノシュク)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksitasjon" title="ノルウェー語(ブークモール): Eksitasjon" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksitasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ノルウェー語(ブークモール)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_wzbudzony" title="ポーランド語: Stan wzbudzony" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stan wzbudzony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_excitado" title="ポルトガル語: Estado excitado" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado excitado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="ロシア語: Возбуждение (физика)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Возбуждение (физика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ロシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excited_state" title="シンプル英語: Excited state" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Excited state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="シンプル英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excit%C3%A1cia_(zv%C3%BD%C5%A1enie_energie)" title="スロバキア語: Excitácia (zvýšenie energie)" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Excitácia (zvýšenie energie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="スロバキア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzbujeno_stanje" title="スロベニア語: Vzbujeno stanje" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vzbujeno stanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="セルビア語: Побуђено стање" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Побуђено стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitation" title="スウェーデン語: Excitation" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Excitation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="スウェーデン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyar%C4%B1lm%C4%B1%C5%9F_h%C3%A2l" title="トルコ語: Uyarılmış hâl" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uyarılmış hâl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="トルコ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="ウクライナ語: Збуджений стан квантовомеханічної системи" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Збуджений стан квантовомеханічної системи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_k%C3%ADch_th%C3%ADch" title="ベトナム語: Trạng thái kích thích" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạng thái kích thích" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ベトナム語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%8F%91%E6%80%81" title="中国語: 激发态" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="激发态" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%99%BC%E6%85%8B" title="広東語: 激發態" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="激發態" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="広東語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215328#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="本文ページについての議論 (存在しないページ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴を表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツール" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=history"><span>履歴を表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 全般 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%85%83/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="ここにリンクしている全ウィキページの一覧 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>リンク元</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" rel="nofollow" title="このページからリンクしているページの最近の更新 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>関連ページの更新状況</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ファイルのアップロード" title="ファイルをアップロードする [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ファイルをアップロード</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&oldid=101157606" title="このページのこの版への固定リンク"><span>この版への固定リンク</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=info" title="このページについての詳細情報"><span>ページ情報</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%81%93%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&id=101157606&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="このページの引用方法"><span>このページを引用</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258A%25B1%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E7%258A%25B6%25E6%2585%258B"><span>短縮URLを取得する</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fja.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258A%25B1%25E8%25B5%25B7%25E7%258A%25B6%25E6%2585%258B"><span>QRコードをダウンロード</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 印刷/書き出し </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span>ブックの新規作成</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF 形式でダウンロード</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&printable=yes" title="このページの印刷用ページ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>印刷用バージョン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 他のプロジェクト </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215328" title="関連付けられたデータリポジトリ項目へのリンク [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ウィキデータ項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101304250">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-出典の明記 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-出典の明記" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>この記事は<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7" title="Wikipedia:検証可能性">検証可能</a>な<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%A1%E9%A0%BC%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:信頼できる情報源">参考文献や出典</a>が全く示されていないか、不十分です。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%82%92%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B" title="Wikipedia:出典を明記する">出典を追加</a>して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。<small>（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%81%AE%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%98/doc" title="Template:出典の明記/doc">このテンプレートの使い方</a>）</small><br /><small><span class="plainlinks">出典検索<a href="/wiki/Template:Find_sources_mainspace" title="Template:Find sources mainspace"><sup>?</sup></a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22&num=50">"励起状態"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22&tbm=nws">ニュース</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&tbs=bks:1&q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">書籍</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.co.jp/scholar?num=100&hl=ja&q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">スカラー</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/opensearch/search?lang=ja&q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22&range=2&count=200&sortorder=1&type=0">CiNii</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/result/global/-char/ja?globalSearchKey=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">J-STAGE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/openurl?any=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlib.jp/?q=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">dlib.jp</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jpsearch.go.jp/csearch/jps-cross?csid=jps-cross&keyword=%22%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%22">ジャパンサーチ</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/">TWL</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date"><span title="2017年5月">2017年5月</span></span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>において、<b>励起状態</b>（れいきじょうたい、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">Excited state</span>）は、（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>、あるいは<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>といった）系の<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="ハミルトニアン">ハミルトニアン</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="量子状態">固有状態</a>のうち、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%95%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="基底状態">基底状態</a>より高いエネルギーの全ての固有状態（量子状態）を指す。<b>励起</b>（Excitation）は、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89" title="光">光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1" title="熱">熱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁場</a>などの外場によって引き起こされる。励起により、基底状態にあった固有状態は励起状態へ、励起状態にあった固有状態はより高いエネルギーを持った励起状態へ移る。 </p><p>励起を引き起こすものは、上記以外にも<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="電子">電子</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%AD%90" title="陽子">陽子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90" title="中性子">中性子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="イオン (化学)">イオン</a>の入射、衝突や、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" title="フォノン">フォノン</a>などによる励起もある。 </p><p>密度汎関数法に基づく<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97" title="バンド計算">バンド計算</a>では、励起状態が正しく求まる保証がない（→<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E6%B1%8E%E9%96%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="密度汎関数法">密度汎関数法</a>参照）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原子の励起"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E3.81.AE.E5.8A.B1.E8.B5.B7"></span>原子の励起</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 原子の励起"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>この概念の単純な例として<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="水素原子">水素原子</a>について考える。 </p><p>水素原子の基底状態は、原子の単一の<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="電子">電子</a>が可能な最低<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="原子軌道">オービタル</a>（すなわち、球対称な "1s" 波動関数。これは可能な最も低い<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B0" title="量子数">量子数</a>の組み合わせを持つ）にあることに相当する。原子に追加のエネルギーを（例えば、適切なエネルギーの<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">フォトン</a>の吸収によって）与えることで、電子は励起状態（1つ以上の量子数が基底状態よりも大きい状態）に移ることができる。フォトンが過大なエネルギー（水素原子の<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="イオン化エネルギー">イオン化エネルギー</a>以上のエネルギー）を持つとすると、電子は原子に<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9F%E7%B8%9B%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="束縛状態">束縛</a>されなくなり、原子は<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96" title="イオン化">イオン化</a>する。 </p><p>励起後、原子は特徴的なエネルギーを持つフォトンを放出することによって基底状態あるいはより低い励起状態に戻る。様々な励起状態にある原子からのフォトンの放出によって一連の特徴的な<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%B7%9A" title="スペクトル線">輝線</a>（水素原子の場合は、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" title="水素スペクトル系列">ライマン系列、バルマー系列、パッシェン系列、ブラケット系列</a>など）を示す<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB" title="電磁スペクトル">電磁スペクトル</a>がもたらされる。 </p><p>高励起状態にある原子は<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="リュードベリ原子 (存在しないページ)">リュードベリ原子</a>と呼ばれる。高度に励起された原子の系は寿命の長い凝集励起状態（例えば、完全に励起原子から構成される凝集相: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="リュードベリ物質 (存在しないページ)">リュードベリ物質</a>）を形成できる。水素は熱または電気によっても励起されうる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="励起状態の計算"><span id=".E5.8A.B1.E8.B5.B7.E7.8A.B6.E6.85.8B.E3.81.AE.E8.A8.88.E7.AE.97"></span>励起状態の計算</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 励起状態の計算"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>励起状態は<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E6%B3%95" title="結合クラスター法">結合クラスター法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%B3%95" title="メラー＝プレセット法">メラー＝プレセット摂動理論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E7%84%A1%E6%92%9E%E7%9D%80%E5%A0%B4" title="多配置自己無撞着場">多配置自己無撞着場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E9%96%93%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="配置間相互作用">配置間相互作用</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%8F%82%E7%85%A7%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E9%96%93%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95" title="多参照配置間相互作用法">多参照配置間相互作用法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E4%BE%9D%E5%AD%98%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E6%B1%8E%E9%96%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95" title="時間依存密度汎関数法">時間依存密度汎関数法</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>を使って計算されることが多い。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反応"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.BF.9C"></span>反応</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 反応"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em; font-size: 90%;" role="note">→詳細は「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="光化学">光化学</a>」を参照</div> <p>励起状態の形成の帰結として、励起状態にある原子または分子の反応が起こりうる。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基本的励起状態"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E7.9A.84.E5.8A.B1.E8.B5.B7.E7.8A.B6.E6.85.8B"></span>基本的励起状態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 基本的励起状態"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="電子">電子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">フォトン</a> - 電磁波</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" title="フォノン">フォノン</a> - 弾性波 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="光学フォノン">光学フォノン</a> - 光学弾性波</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="音響フォノン">音響フォノン</a> - 音響弾性波</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E5%AD%90" title="励起子">励起子</a> - 分極波</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3" title="プラズモン">プラズモン</a> - プラズマ振動波</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" title="マグノン">マグノン</a> - スピン波</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="励起の混合状態"><span id=".E5.8A.B1.E8.B5.B7.E3.81.AE.E6.B7.B7.E5.90.88.E7.8A.B6.E6.85.8B"></span>励起の混合状態</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="節を編集: 励起の混合状態"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ポラリトン">フォノン-ポラリトン</a> - フォノン・フォトン間の相互作用</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ポラリトン">励起子ポラリトン</a> - 励起子・フォトン間の相互作用</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="プラズモン-フォノン混合状態 (存在しないページ)">プラズモン-フォノン混合状態</a> - プラズモン・光学フォノン間の相互作用</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ポーラロン">ポーラロン</a> - 電子・光学フォノン間の相互作用</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="磁気ポーラロン">磁気ポーラロン</a> - 電子スピン・光学フォノン間の相互作用</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出典"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E5.85.B8"></span>出典</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="節を編集: 出典"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;">[<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation book">Hehre, Warren J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wavefun.com/support/AGuidetoMM.pdf"><i>A Guide to Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemical Calculations</i></a>. Irvine, California: Wavefunction, Inc.. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/1-890661-06-6" title="特別:文献資料/1-890661-06-6">1-890661-06-6</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wavefun.com/support/AGuidetoMM.pdf">http://www.wavefun.com/support/AGuidetoMM.pdf</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Molecular+Mechanics+and+Quantum+Chemical+Calculations&rft.aulast=Hehre&rft.aufirst=Warren+J.&rft.au=Hehre%2C%26%2332%3BWarren+J.&rft.date=2003&rft.place=Irvine%2C+California&rft.pub=Wavefunction%2C+Inc.&rft.isbn=1-890661-06-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wavefun.com%2Fsupport%2FAGuidetoMM.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Govind, Niranjan; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Kowalski, Karol (2010). “EOMCC, MRPT, and TDDFT Studies of Charge Transfer Processes in Mixed-Valence Compounds: Application to the Spiro Molecule”. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</i> <b>114</b> (33): 8764–8771. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JPCA..114.8764G/abstract">2010JPCA..114.8764G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjp101761d">10.1021/jp101761d</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (識別子)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20540550/">20540550</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EOMCC%2C+MRPT%2C+and+TDDFT+Studies+of+Charge+Transfer+Processes+in+Mixed-Valence+Compounds%3A+Application+to+the+Spiro+Molecule&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry+A&rft.aulast=Glaesemann&rft.aufirst=Kurt+R.&rft.au=Glaesemann%2C%26%2332%3BKurt+R.&rft.au=Govind%2C%26%2332%3BNiranjan&rft.au=Krishnamoorthy%2C%26%2332%3BSriram&rft.au=Kowalski%2C%26%2332%3BKarol&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=8764%E2%80%938771&rft_id=info:bibcode/2010JPCA..114.8764G&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjp101761d&rft_id=info:pmid/20540550&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Dreuw, Andreas; Head-Gordon, Martin (2005). “Single-Reference ab Initio Methods for the Calculation of Excited States of Large Molecules”. <i>Chemical Reviews</i> <b>105</b> (11): 4009–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr0505627">10.1021/cr0505627</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (識別子)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16277369/">16277369</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Single-Reference+ab+Initio+Methods+for+the+Calculation+of+Excited+States+of+Large+Molecules&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.aulast=Dreuw&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Dreuw%2C%26%2332%3BAndreas&rft.au=Head-Gordon%2C%26%2332%3BMartin&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=4009%E2%80%9337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fcr0505627&rft_id=info:pmid/16277369&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Knowles, Peter J.; Werner, Hans-Joachim (1992). “Internally contracted multiconfiguration-reference configuration interaction calculations for excited states”. <i>Theoretica Chimica Acta</i> <b>84</b>: 95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01117405">10.1007/BF01117405</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Internally+contracted+multiconfiguration-reference+configuration+interaction+calculations+for+excited+states&rft.jtitle=Theoretica+Chimica+Acta&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Knowles%2C%26%2332%3BPeter+J.&rft.au=Werner%2C%26%2332%3BHans-Joachim&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=95&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF01117405&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Foresman, James B.; Head-Gordon, Martin; Pople, John A.; Frisch, Michael J. (1992). “Toward a systematic molecular orbital theory for excited states”. <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry</i> <b>96</b>: 135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fj100180a030">10.1021/j100180a030</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Toward+a+systematic+molecular+orbital+theory+for+excited+states&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Foresman&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft.au=Foresman%2C%26%2332%3BJames+B.&rft.au=Head-Gordon%2C%26%2332%3BMartin&rft.au=Pople%2C%26%2332%3BJohn+A.&rft.au=Frisch%2C%26%2332%3BMichael+J.&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=96&rft.pages=135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fj100180a030&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Gordon, Mark S.; Nakano, Haruyuki (1999). “A study of FeCO<sup>+</sup> with correlated wavefunctions”. <i>Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics</i> <b>1</b> (6): 967–975. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (識別子)">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999PCCP....1..967G/abstract">1999PCCP....1..967G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fa808518h">10.1039/a808518h</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+study+of+FeCO%3Csup%3E%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E+with+correlated+wavefunctions&rft.jtitle=Physical+Chemistry+Chemical+Physics&rft.aulast=Glaesemann&rft.aufirst=Kurt+R.&rft.au=Glaesemann%2C%26%2332%3BKurt+R.&rft.au=Gordon%2C%26%2332%3BMark+S.&rft.au=Nakano%2C%26%2332%3BHaruyuki&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=967%E2%80%93975&rft_id=info:bibcode/1999PCCP....1..967G&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fa808518h&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B1%E8%B5%B7%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span 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