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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Post-graduate programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-graduate_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-term_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-term_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Short-term programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-term_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Campus extension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campus_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">KEDGE Business School</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="KEDGE Business School" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEDGE_Business_School" title="KEDGE Business School – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="KEDGE Business School" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/KEDGE_Biznesa_skola" title="KEDGE Biznesa skola – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="KEDGE Biznesa skola" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedge_Business_School" title="Kedge Business School – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kedge Business School" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French Business School</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">KEDGE Business School Marseille</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/220px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/330px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg/440px-Campus_Kedge_BS_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">EUROMED (est.1872) and BEM (est.1874) merger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande écoles">Grande école de commerce et de management</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research</a> <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">Business school</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2013<span class="noprint">; 11 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Triple_accreditation" title="Triple accreditation">Triple accreditation</a>:<br /><a href="/wiki/AACSB" class="mw-redirect" title="AACSB">AACSB</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/EQUIS" class="mw-redirect" title="EQUIS">EQUIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Conférence des grandes écoles">Conférence des grandes écoles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Director</th><td class="infobox-data">Alexandre de Navailles</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">172<br />97% PhD.;<sup id="cite_ref-FTFacts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />33% female;<sup id="cite_ref-FTFacts_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />46% international<sup id="cite_ref-FTFacts_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTFacts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">14,800<sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="extended-address">France: <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>;<br />China: <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>;<br />Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>;<br />Côte d'Ivoire: <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English-only & French-only instruction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kedge.edu">kedge.edu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kedgebs-logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kedgebs-logo.png/220px-Kedgebs-logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kedgebs-logo.png/330px-Kedgebs-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kedgebs-logo.png/440px-Kedgebs-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="8333" data-file-height="4167" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>KEDGE Business School</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Triple_accreditation" title="Triple accreditation">triple accredited</a> (<a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">AACSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFMD_Quality_Improvement_System" title="EFMD Quality Improvement System">EQUIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">AMBA</a>) French business school and <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grande école</a>. The Grande Ecole was founded in 2013 from the merger of two middle business schools: <a href="/wiki/BEM_Management_School" title="BEM Management School">Bordeaux Ecole de Management</a> (ESC Bordeaux), founded in 1874 in Bordeaux; and EUROMED Management in Marseilles (ESC Marseille), founded in 1872 in Marseille.<sup id="cite_ref-history_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KEDGE has campuses in France (<a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>); Senegal (<a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>); Côte d'Ivoire (<a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>); and China (<a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-facts_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KEDGE business school was recently created in 2013, but it is the result of a merger of two of the earliest business schools in existence: BEM (Bordeaux Management School) in Bordeaux founded in 1874 and EUROMED Management in Marseilles founded in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-history_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1872 - École Supérieure de Commerce de Marseille (ESC Marseille, later EUROMED) founded. (now called: KEDGE Business School, Marseille)</li> <li>1874 - École Supérieure de Commerce de Bordeaux (ESC Bordeaux, later BEM) founded. (now called: KEDGE Business School, Bordeaux)</li> <li>1968 - ESC Marseille establishes a new campus in Luminy, France.</li> <li>1969 - ESC Bordeaux establishes a new campus in Talence, France.</li> <li>2001 - ESC Bordeaux awarded EQUIS accreditation.</li> <li>2005 - ESC Marseille awarded EQUIS accreditation.</li> <li>2007 - ESC Bordeaux and ESC Marseille awarded AMBA accreditation.</li> <li>2008 - ESC Bordeaux establishes a new campus in Dakar, Senegal.</li> <li>2009 - ESC Bordeaux awarded AACSB accreditation.</li> <li>2010 - ESC Marseille establishes a new campus in Suzhou, China, and launches the Institut Franco-Chinese in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a>.</li> <li>2010 - ESC Marseille acquires Toulon Ecole Supérieure de Commerce et Technologie (ESCT) and Ecole Internationale de Design (EID)</li> <li>2011 - ESC Marseille awarded AACSB accreditation</li> <li>2012 - ESC Bordeaux (BEM) and ESC Marseille (EUROMED) merge</li> <li>2013 - KEDGE Business School founded.</li> <li>2015 - KEDGE establishes a new campus in Paris, France.</li> <li>2018 and 2019 - New campuses in Paris and Toulon, Marseille campus extension and new spaces on Bordeaux campus</li> <li>2019 - Ph.D. program launched and KEDGE Design in Marseille opened.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grande_école_degrees"><span id="Grande_.C3.A9cole_degrees"></span>Grande école degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Grande école degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KEDGE Business School is a <i>grande école</i>, a French institution of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> that is separate from, but parallel and often connected to, the main framework of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of public universities in France">French public university system</a>. <i>Grandes écoles</i> are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process, and a significant proportion of their graduates occupy the highest levels of French society.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> schools in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a> in the UK, and <a href="/wiki/C9_League" title="C9 League">C9 League</a> in China, graduation from a grande école is considered the prerequisite credential for any top government, administrative and corporate position in France.<sup id="cite_ref-sociologie_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sociologie-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-insee_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insee-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The degrees are accredited by the <i><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_Grandes_%C3%89coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Conférence des Grandes Écoles">Conférence des Grandes Écoles</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Ministry of National Education (France)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher education business degrees in France are organized into three levels thus facilitating international mobility: the <i>Licence</i> / <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor's degrees">Bachelor's degrees</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree_in_Europe" title="Master's degree in Europe">Master's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorat</a> degrees. The Bachelors and the Masters are organized in semesters: 6 for the Bachelors and 4 for the Masters.<sup id="cite_ref-La_Licence_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Licence-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Le_Master_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Master-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those levels of study include various "parcours" or paths based on UE (Unités d'enseignement or Modules), each worth a defined number of European credits (ECTS). A student accumulates those credits, which are generally transferable between paths. A Bachelors is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained (bac + 3); a Masters is awarded once 120 additional credits have been obtained (bac +5). The highly coveted PGE (Grand Ecole Program) ends with the degree of Master's in Management (MiM)<sup id="cite_ref-La_Licence_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Licence-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Le_Master_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_Master-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>KEDGE partners with 300 universities worldwide, several offering dual-degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-partners_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partners-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <p><b>Dual Bachelors</b><sup id="cite_ref-partners_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partners-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chile" title="University of Chile">University of Chile</a>, Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Huazhong University of Science and Technology">Huazhong University of Science and Technology</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_School_of_Economics_and_Management" title="Zagreb School of Economics and Management">Zagreb School of Economics and Management</a>, Croatia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAMK_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="JAMK University of Applied Sciences">JAMK University of Applied Sciences</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oulu" title="University of Oulu">University of Oulu</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Greece" title="American College of Greece">American College of Greece</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="City University of Applied Sciences">Hochschule Bremen</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Management,_Germany" title="International School of Management, Germany">International School of Management, Germany</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvinus_University_of_Budapest" title="Corvinus University of Budapest">Corvinus University of Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuyd_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Zuyd University of Applied Sciences">Zuyd University of Applied Sciences</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Groningen" title="University of Groningen">University of Groningen</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozminski_University" title="Kozminski University">Kozminski University</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISM_University_of_Management_and_Economics" title="ISM University of Management and Economics">ISM University of Management and Economics</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISCTE_%E2%80%93_University_Institute_of_Lisbon" title="ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon">ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plekhanov_Russian_University_of_Economics" title="Plekhanov Russian University of Economics">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolBridge_International_School_of_Business" title="SolBridge International School of Business">SolBridge International School of Business</a>, South Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Deusto" title="University of Deusto">University of Deusto</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_University" title="Jönköping University">Jönköping University</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria University</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">University of Hertfordshire</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_State_University" title="Weber State University">Weber State University</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Florida" title="University of North Florida">University of North Florida</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Green_Bay" title="University of Wisconsin–Green Bay">University of Wisconsin–Green Bay</a>, USA</li></ul> <p><b>Dual Masters</b><sup id="cite_ref-partners_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partners-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">University of São Paulo</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_University" title="Brock University">Brock University</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_National_University" title="Andrés Bello National University">Andrés Bello National University</a>, Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vaasa" title="University of Vaasa">University of Vaasa</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozminski_University" title="Kozminski University">Kozminski University</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISM_University_of_Management_and_Economics" title="ISM University of Management and Economics">ISM University of Management and Economics</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5_School_of_Business" title="Umeå School of Business">Umeå School of Business</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="National Sun Yat-sen University">National Sun Yat-sen University</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent University</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a>, UK</li> <li>Centre Franco-Vietnamien de formation à la Gestion, Vietnam</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programmes">Programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undergraduate_programmes_(Bachelor_and_Master)"><span id="Undergraduate_programmes_.28Bachelor_and_Master.29"></span>Undergraduate programmes (Bachelor and Master)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Undergraduate programmes (Bachelor and Master)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>International BBA (Marseille)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exchange_programmes">Exchange programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exchange programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>EBP International (Bordeaux)</li> <li>KEDGE Bachelor (Bordeaux, Marseille, Toulon, Avignon, Bastia, Bayonne, Dakar)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-graduate_programmes">Post-graduate programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-graduate programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Digital Marketing & Sales (Marseille)</li> <li>Arts & Creative Industries Management (Paris)</li> <li>Innovation, Transformation, Entrepreneurship (Marseille)</li> <li>Management Control and Reporting (Marseille)</li> <li>Corporate Finance (Marseille)</li> <li>PhD (Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration) (Bordeaux, Marseille)</li> <li>Banking & Finance (Bordeaux)</li> <li>MVS - Wine & Spirits Management (Bordeaux)</li> <li>Master of Science in Wine & Hospitality Management (Bordeaux, Paris, Lausanne)</li> <li>MAI - International Purchasing & Innovation Management (Bordeaux)</li> <li>Marketing (Marseille, Bordeaux, Paris)</li> <li>ISLI - Global Supply Chain Management (Bordeaux)</li> <li>International Trade & Logistics (Bordeaux)</li> <li>Sustainable Finance (Paris)</li> <li>International Business (Bordeaux, Paris, Marseille)</li> <li>Sport - International sport & event management (Marseille)</li> <li>Master in Management Grande Ecole (Bordeaux, Marseille)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-term_programmes">Short-term programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Short-term programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The KEDGE International Winter School (now digital)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_rankings">International rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2019, the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> has ranked KEDGE's <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Management" title="Master of Management">Master in Management</a> 49th worldwide, and the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Executive MBA</a> 39th worldwide & 15th in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, KEDGE BS was ranked 151st in the QS WUR Ranking for Business & Management. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2021, KEDGE BS was ranked 41st in the QS World University Rankings for Masters in Management. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2021, KEDGE BS was ranked 30th in the QS World University Rankings for Masters in Marketing Rankings. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2022, KEDGE Business School's MSc International Business ranked 10th in the QS International Trade Rankings in partnership with the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.HinrichFoundation.com">Hinrich Foundation</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus_extension">Campus extension</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Campus extension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the expansion project in the Luminy campus (in the Adhesion Zone of the Calanques Natural park) is still controversial, with plans to modify 11.000 square meters of nature. According to critics, around 600 centennial trees will be cut down while the director of school says the old trees will be preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alumni">Alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carasso" title="Daniel Carasso">Daniel Carrasso</a> (1905–2009): son of the founder of <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Danone" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe Danone">Danone</a>, built up the group into a multinational business.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mennucci" title="Patrick Mennucci">Patrick Mennucci</a> (1955–): French politician, former <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">MP</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne%27s_4th_constituency" title="Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th constituency">Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th constituency</a> from June 2012 to June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Rolet" title="Xavier Rolet">Xavier Rolet</a> (1959–): ex-CEO of the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Cluzel" title="Sophie Cluzel">Sophie Cluzel</a> (1961–): French politician, serving as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(France)" title="Minister of Health (France)">Secretary of State in charge of People with Disabilities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Philippe_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Philippe Government">Philippe Government</a> since 17 May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodel%C3%A9_Ikuesan" title="Ayodelé Ikuesan">Ayodelé Ikuesan</a> (1985–): French <a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">sprinter</a> who specialises in the <a href="/wiki/60_metres" title="60 metres">60 metres</a> and <a href="/wiki/4x100_metres_relay" class="mw-redirect" title="4x100 metres relay">4x100 metres relay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Pichet" title="Éric Pichet">Éric Pichet</a> (1960–): <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> economist, professor at KEDGE.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEDGE_Business_School&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-facts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facts_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://student.kedge.edu/">"KEDGE Business School"</a>. KEDGE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KEDGE+Business+School&rft.pub=KEDGE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudent.kedge.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEDGE+Business+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTFacts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FTFacts_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTFacts_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTFacts_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rankings.ft.com/schools/611/escp-business-school/rankings/2869/european-business-school-rankings-2021/ranking-data">"KEDGE Business School"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KEDGE+Business+School&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frankings.ft.com%2Fschools%2F611%2Fescp-business-school%2Frankings%2F2869%2Feuropean-business-school-rankings-2021%2Franking-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKEDGE+Business+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://student.kedge.edu/about-kedge/kedge-group/kedge-history">"KEDGE History"</a>. KEDGE<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Triple_accredited_business_schools" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Triple_accreditation" title="Template:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Triple_accreditation" title="Template talk:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Triple_accreditation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Triple accreditation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Triple_accredited_business_schools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Triple_accreditation" title="Triple accreditation">Triple accredited business schools</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_American_University_in_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="The American University in Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cape_Town_Graduate_School_of_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business (page does not exist)">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stellenbosch_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Stellenbosch Business School">Stellenbosch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Andes_(Colombia)" title="University of the Andes (Colombia)">Uniandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundação Getúlio Vargas">FGV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escola_de_Administra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Empresas_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo">EAESP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEC_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="HEC Montreal">HEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAE_Universidad_Austral" title="IAE Universidad Austral">IAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Estudios_Superiores_de_Administraci%C3%B3n" title="Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración">IESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INCAE_Business_School" title="INCAE Business School">INCAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insper" title="Insper">Insper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Tecnol%C3%B3gico_Aut%C3%B3nomo_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México">ITAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Institute_of_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education">ITESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Universidad_Cat%C3%B3lica_del_Per%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú">PUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telfer_School_of_Management" title="Telfer School of Management">Telfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_University" title="Adolfo Ibáñez University">UAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Baptist_University" title="Hong Kong Baptist University">Hong Kong Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Calcutta" title="Indian Institute of Management Calcutta">Indian Management Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Indore" title="Indian Institute of Management Indore">Indian Management Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_School_of_Business" title="Indian School of Business">Indian Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Management_University" title="Singapore Management University">Singapore Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antai_College_of_Economics_and_Management" title="Antai College of Economics and Management">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University" title="Thammasat University">Thammasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Business_and_Economics" title="University of International Business and Economics">International Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalto_University_School_of_Business" title="Aalto University School of Business">Aalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University,_School_of_Business_and_Social_Sciences" title="Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Manchester_Business_School" title="Alliance Manchester Business School">Alliance MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audencia_Business_School" title="Audencia Business School">Audencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayes_Business_School" title="Bayes Business School">Bayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BI_Norwegian_Business_School" title="BI Norwegian Business School">BI Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_School_(University_of_Birmingham)" title="Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford_School_of_Management" title="University of Bradford School of Management">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%B3lica_Lisbon_School_of_Business_%26_Economics" title="Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics">CLSBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_School_of_Management" title="Cranfield School of Management">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Business_School" title="Copenhagen Business School">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University_Business_School" title="Durham University Business School">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">UCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDHEC" class="mw-redirect" title="EDHEC">EDHEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Business_School" title="University of Edinburgh Business School">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emlyon_Business_School" title="Emlyon Business School">Emlyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">EUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESADE_Business_School" title="ESADE Business School">ESADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESMT_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="ESMT Berlin">ESMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_commerciales_d%27Angers" title="École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers">ESSCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESSEC_Business_School" title="ESSEC Business School">ESSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelia_Group" title="Excelia Group">Excelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter_Business_School" title="University of Exeter Business School">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School_of_Finance_%26_Management" title="Frankfurt School of Finance & Management">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_School_of_Economics_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_%C3%A9cole_de_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble école de management">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_School_of_Business,_Economics_and_Law" title="Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law">Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanken_School_of_Economics" title="Hanken School of Economics">Hanken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hult_International_Business_School" title="Hult International Business School">Hult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICN_Graduate_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="ICN Graduate Business School">ICN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IE_Business_School" title="IE Business School">IE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IESE_Business_School" title="IESE Business School">IESE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%89SEG_School_of_Management" title="IÉSEG School of Management">IÉSEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Management_Development" title="International Institute for Management Development">IMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Business_School" title="Imperial College Business School">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSEAD" title="INSEAD">INSEAD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">KEDGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozminski_University" title="Kozminski University">Kozminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University_Management_School" title="Lancaster University Management School">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">LBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_University_Business_School" title="Leeds University Business School">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">MMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier_Business_School" title="Montpellier Business School">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOMA_Business_School" title="NEOMA Business School">NEOMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_School_of_Business_and_Economics" title="Nova School of Business and Economics">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Business School">OUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Business_School" title="Henley Business School">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDA_Bocconi_School_of_Management" title="SDA Bocconi School of Management">SDA Bocconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield_Management_School" title="University of Sheffield Management School">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Gallen" title="University of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Business_School" title="Strathclyde Business School">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulouse Business School">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUM_School_of_Management" title="TUM School of Management">TUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Vienna University of Economics and Business">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlerick_Business_School" title="Vlerick Business School">Vlerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Prague University of Economics and Business">VŠE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Business_School" title="Warwick Business School">Warwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUT_Business_School" title="QUT Business School">QUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Waikato" title="University of Waikato">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/309576986">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16768338w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16768338w">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3id.org/isil/FR-130555401">ISIL</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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