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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Uganda</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Uganda&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Uganda (disambiguation)">Uganda (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> Uganda,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[b]</a> officially the Republic of Uganda,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[c]</a> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landlocked_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>. It is bordered to the east by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, to the north by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Sudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, to the west by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, to the south-west by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, and to the south by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanzania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. The southern part includes a substantial portion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_Great_Lakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region, lies within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nile">Nile</a> basin, and has a varied <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Equatorial_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial climate</a>. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, it has a population of over 49 million, of which 8.5 million live in the capital and largest city, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="fn org country-name"> Republic of Uganda<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Republic-1">[1]</a> </div> <div class="ib-country-names"> Jamhuri ya Uganda (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swahili_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;"> <div style="margin: 0 4em"> Official Name in Local Languages<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NativeName-6">[a]</a> </div> </div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;"> <tbody> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luganda">Luganda</a>:</th> <td class="infobox-data">Lipabuliika ya Uganda<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LugandaConstitution-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lusoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusoga">Lusoga</a>:</th> <td class="infobox-data">Uganda Eryetwala<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LusogaConstitution-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumasaba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumasaba">Lumasaba</a>:</th> <td class="infobox-data">Linambo lya Uganda<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LumasabaConstitution-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></li> </ul> </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Uganda"><img alt="Flag of Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/125px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/188px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/250px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> </div> <div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flag_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flag of Uganda">Flag</a> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Uganda"><img alt="Coat of arms of Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="549"></a> </div> <div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coat of arms of Uganda"> Coat of arms</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "For God and My Country" "Kwa Mungu na nchi yangu"</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oh_Uganda,_Land_of_Beauty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty">Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty</a>" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="44" data-mwtitle="Ugandan_national_anthem,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/Ugandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg/Ugandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Ugandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUgandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUgandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUgandan_national_anthem%2C_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="switcher-container"> <div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_(orthographic_projection).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uganda_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Uganda_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uganda_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/330px-Uganda_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Uganda_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/440px-Uganda_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></a>Show globe </div> <div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Uganda_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300"></a>Show map of Africa </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital <div class="ib-country-largest"> and largest city </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan English">English</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swahili_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnic_group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2014)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-7">[6]</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; nobold"> <div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Uganda">African</a> (100%) </div> </div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">16.5% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baganda">Baganda</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">9.6% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nkole_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nkole people">Banyankole</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">8.8% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soga_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soga people">Basoga</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">7.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiga_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiga people">Bakiga</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">7% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teso_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teso people">Iteso</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">6.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lango_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lango people">Langi</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">4.9% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gisu_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gisu people">Bagisu</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">4.4% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acholi_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acholi people">Acholi</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3.3% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lugbara_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lugbara people">Lugbara</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">32.1% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Uganda">others</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2024 census)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[7]</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>81.7% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Uganda">Christianity</a></li> <li>13.2% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in Uganda">Islam</a></li> <li>3.5% <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irreligion_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irreligion in Uganda">no religion</a></li> <li>1.6% others</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandans">Ugandan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of Uganda">Government</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidential_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a> under an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Authoritarianism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> dictatorship</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of Uganda">President</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice_President_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vice President of Uganda">Vice President</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jessica_Alupo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jessica Alupo">Jessica Alupo</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Prime Minister</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Robinah Nabbanja</a></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Uganda">Parliament</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence  <div class="ib-country-sovereignty"> from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_(1962%E2%80%931963)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda (1962–1963)">Dominion</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">9 October 1962</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic">Republic</a> declared </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">9 October 1963</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • Current constitution </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">8 October 1995</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geography_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geography of Uganda">Area </a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">241,038 km2 (93,065 sq mi) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">79th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Water (%) </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">15.39</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Uganda">Population</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 2024 estimate </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">49,283,041<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-7">[6]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">34th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Density </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">157.1/km2 (406.9/sq mi) (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">75th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_domestic_product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th> <td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $145.157 billion<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.UG-9">[8]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">88th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Per capita </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $3,222<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.UG-9">[8]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">172nd</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_domestic_product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th> <td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Total </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $52.390 billion<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.UG-9">[8]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">90th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • Per capita </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $1,163<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IMFWEO.UG-9">[8]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">196th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gini_coefficient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2016)</th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 42.0<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wb-gini-10">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Development_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th> <td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.550<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HDI-11">[10]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">medium (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">159th</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_shilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan shilling">Ugandan shilling</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">UGX</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Africa_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Africa Time">EAT</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telephone numbers in Uganda">Calling code</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%2B256?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="+256">+256</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-2:UG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-2:UG">UG</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.ug?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".ug">.ug</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="ib-country-fn"> <ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1">+006 from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanzania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> </ol> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Uganda is named after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Buganda</a> kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south, including Kampala, and whose language <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luganda">Luganda</a> is widely spoken; the official language is English. The region was populated by various ethnic groups, before Bantu and Nilotic groups arrived around 3,000 years ago. These groups established influential kingdoms such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_of_Kitara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire of Kitara">Empire of Kitara</a>. The arrival of Arab traders in the 1830s and British explorers in the late 19th century marked the beginning of foreign influence. The British established the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate of Uganda">Protectorate of Uganda</a> in 1894, setting the stage for future political dynamics. Uganda gained independence in 1962, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_Obote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a> as the first prime minister. The 1966 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengo_Crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengo Crisis">Mengo Crisis</a> marked a significant conflict with the Buganda kingdom, as well as the country's conversion from a parliamentary system to a presidential system. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idi_Amin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>'s military coup in 1971 led to a brutal regime characterized by mass killings and economic decline, until his overthrow in 1979. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Resistance Movement">National Resistance Movement</a> (NRM) took power in 1986 after a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan Bush War">six-year guerrilla war</a>. This brought stability and growth, but authoritarian practices and human rights abuses continued. The abolition of presidential term limits, allegations of electoral fraud and repression, have raised concerns about Uganda's democratic future. Museveni was elected president in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Ugandan general election">2011</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2016 Ugandan general election">2016</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021 Ugandan general election">2021</a> general elections. Human rights issues, corruption, and regional conflicts, such as involvement in the Congo Wars and the struggle against the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord's Resistance Army">Lord's Resistance Army</a> (LRA), continue to challenge Uganda. Despite this, it has made progress in education and health, improving literacy and reducing HIV infection, though challenges in maternal health and gender inequality persist. The country's future depends on addressing governance and human rights, while leveraging its natural and human resources for sustainable development. Geographically, Uganda is diverse, with volcanic hills, mountains, and lakes, including Lake Victoria, the world's second-largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freshwater_lake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater lake">freshwater lake</a>. The country has significant natural resources, including fertile agricultural land and untapped <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oil_reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil reserve">oil reserves</a>, contributing to its economic development. The service sector dominates the economy, surpassing agriculture. Uganda's rich biodiversity, with national parks and wildlife reserves, attracts tourism, a vital sector for the economy. Uganda is a member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Group_of_77?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Group of 77">G77</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Community">East African Community</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Precolonial_Uganda">1.1 Precolonial Uganda</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uganda_Protectorate_(1894%E2%80%931962)">1.2 Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Independence_(1962_to_1965)">1.3 Independence (1962 to 1965)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Buganda_crisis_(1962%E2%80%931966)">1.4 Buganda crisis (1962–1966)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1966%E2%80%931971_(before_the_coup)">1.5 1966–1971 (before the coup)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1971_(after_the_coup)_%E2%80%931979_(end_of_Amin_regime)">1.6 1971 (after the coup) –1979 (end of Amin regime)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1979%E2%80%93present">1.7 1979–present</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography">2 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lakes_and_rivers">2.1 Lakes and rivers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biodiversity_and_conservation">2.2 Biodiversity and conservation</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government_and_politics">3 Government and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foreign_relations">3.1 Foreign relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Military">3.2 Military</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Corruption">3.3 Corruption</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Human_rights">3.4 Human rights</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#LGBT_rights">3.4.1 LGBT rights</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023">3.4.1.1 Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administrative_divisions">3.5 Administrative divisions</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy_and_infrastructure">4 Economy and infrastructure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Industry">4.1 Industry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Poverty">4.2 Poverty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Air_transportation">4.3 Air transportation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Road_network">4.4 Road network</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Railroad">4.5 Railroad</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Communications">4.6 Communications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Energy">4.7 Energy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Water_supply_and_sanitation">4.8 Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education">4.9 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Health">4.10 Health</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crime_and_law_enforcement">4.11 Crime and law enforcement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism">4.12 Tourism</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Science_and_technology">5 Science and technology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics">6 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Languages">6.1 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religion">6.2 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Largest_cities_and_towns">6.3 Largest cities and towns</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture">7 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Media">7.1 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sports">7.2 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cinema">7.3 Cinema</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">12 External links</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Overview">12.1 Overview</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maps">12.2 Maps</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Government_and_economy">12.3 Government and economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Humanitarian_issues">12.4 Humanitarian issues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism_2">12.5 Tourism</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Uganda">History of Uganda</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Precolonial_Uganda">Precolonial Uganda</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_history_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Early history of Uganda">Early history of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg/220px-Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4294" data-file-height="2590"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg/220px-Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg/330px-Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg/440px-Drawing_showing_a_caesarean_operation_taking_place_in_Uganda_Wellcome_M0001058.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caesarean_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caesarean section">caesarean section</a> performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, in the kingdom of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-How_this_African_kingdom_performed_its_cesarean_section_in_1879-14">[11]</a> (present-day Uganda) as observed by medical missionary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_William_Felkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert William Felkin">Robert William Felkin</a> in 1879<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[12]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Much of Uganda was inhabited by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Sudanic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Sudanic languages">Central sudanic</a>- and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuliak_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuliak languages">Kuliak</a>-speaking farmers and herders until 3,000 years ago, when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantu_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantu languages">Bantu speakers</a> arrived in the south and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nilotic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic speakers</a> arrived in the northeast. By 1500 AD, they had all been assimilated into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantu_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu-speaking cultures</a> south of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Elgon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Elgon">Mount Elgon</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nile_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Kyoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Kyoga">Lake Kyoga</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[13]</a> According to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oral_tradition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> and archeological studies, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_of_Kitara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire of Kitara">Empire of Kitara</a> covered an important part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Lakes_of_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes of Africa">Great Lakes Area</a>, from the northern lakes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Albert (Uganda)">Albert</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Kyoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Kyoga">Kyoga</a> to the southern lakes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Victoria">Victoria</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[14]</a> Kitara is claimed as the antecedent of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tooro_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tooro Kingdom">Tooro</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ankole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ankole">Ankole</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busoga">Busoga</a> kingdoms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mwambutsya-18">[15]</a> Some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luo_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uganda" title="Luo people">Luo</a> invaded Kitara and assimilated with the Bantu society there, establishing the Biito dynasty of the current <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omukama_of_Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omukama of Bunyoro">Omukama</a> (ruler) of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro-Kitara</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-babito-19">[16]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> traders moved into the land from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s for trade and commerce.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[17]</a> In the late 1860s, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> in Mid-Western Uganda found itself threatened from the north by Egyptian-sponsored agents.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[18]</a> Unlike the Arab traders from the East African coast who sought trade, these agents were promoting foreign conquest. In 1869, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khedive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khedive">Khedive</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ismail_of_Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismail of Egypt">Ismail Pasha</a> of Egypt, seeking to annex the territories north of the borders of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a> and east of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Africa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Albert (Africa)">Lake Albert</a> and "south of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gondokoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gondokoro">Gondokoro</a>",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baker_1879-22">[19]</a> sent a British explorer, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Baker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Baker">Samuel Baker</a>, on a military expedition to the frontiers of Northern Uganda, with the objective of suppressing the slave-trade there and opening the way to commerce and "civilization". The Banyoro resisted Baker, who had to fight a desperate battle to secure his retreat. Baker regarded the resistance as an act of treachery, and he denounced the Banyoro in a book (Ismailia – A Narrative Of The Expedition To Central Africa For The Suppression Of Slave Trade, Organised By Ismail, Khadive Of Egypt (1874))<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baker_1879-22">[19]</a> that was widely read in Britain. Later, the British arrived in Uganda with a predisposition against the kingdom of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro-Kitara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunyoro-Kitara">Bunyoro</a> and sided with the kingdom of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>. This eventually cost Bunyoro half of its territory, which was given to Buganda as a reward from the British. Two of the numerous "lost counties" were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1964_Ugandan_lost_counties_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum">restored to Bunyoro after independence</a>. In the 1860s, while Arabs sought influence from the north, British explorers searching for the source of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nile">Nile</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stanley-23">[20]</a> arrived in Uganda. They were followed by British Anglican missionaries who arrived in the kingdom of Buganda in 1877 and French Catholic missionaries in 1879. This situation gave rise to the death of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a> in 1885—after the conversion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muteesa_I_of_Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muteesa I of Buganda">Muteesa I</a> and much of his court, and the succession of his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">anti-Christian</a> son <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mwanga_II_of_Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mwanga II of Buganda">Mwanga.</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Background-24">[21]</a> The British government chartered the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperial British East Africa Company">Imperial British East Africa Company</a> (IBEAC) to negotiate trade agreements in the region beginning in 1888.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Snakes-25">[22]</a> From 1886, there was a series of religious wars in Buganda, initially between Muslims and Christians and then, from 1890, between "ba-Ingleza" Protestants and "ba-Fransa" Catholics, factions named after the imperial powers with which they were aligned.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[24]</a> Because of civil unrest and financial burdens, IBEAC claimed that it was unable to "maintain their occupation" in the region.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[25]</a> British commercial interests were ardent to protect the trade route of the Nile, which prompted the British government to annex Buganda and adjoining territories to create the Uganda Protectorate in 1894.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Snakes-25">[22]</a>: 3–4 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Uganda_Protectorate_(1894–1962)">Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate of Uganda">Protectorate of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Flag of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate of Uganda">Protectorate of Uganda</a> </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate of Uganda">Protectorate of Uganda</a> was a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> from 1894 to 1962. In 1893, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperial British East Africa Company">Imperial British East Africa Company</a> transferred its administration rights of territory consisting mainly of the Kingdom of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Buganda</a> to the British government. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperial British East Africa Company">IBEAC</a> relinquished its control over Uganda after Ugandan internal religious wars had driven it into bankruptcy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[27]</a> In 1894, the Uganda Protectorate was established, and the territory was extended beyond the borders of Buganda by signing more treaties with the other kingdoms (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toro_(kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Toro (kingdom)">Toro</a> in 1900,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[28]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ankole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ankole">Ankole</a> in 1901, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> in 1933<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[29]</a>) to an area that roughly corresponds to that of present-day Uganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[30]</a> The status of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a> had significantly different consequences for Uganda than had the region been made a colony like neighboring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, insofar as Uganda retained a degree of self-government that would have otherwise been limited under a full colonial administration.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[31]</a> In the 1890s, 32,000 labourers from British India were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_East_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian diaspora in East Africa">recruited to East Africa</a> under indentured labour contracts to construct the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Railway">Uganda Railway</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Most of the surviving Indians returned home, but 6,724 decided to remain in East Africa after the line's completion.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[33]</a> Subsequently, some became traders and took control of cotton ginning and sartorial retail.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[34]</a> From 1900 to 1920, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African trypanosomiasis">sleeping sickness</a> epidemic in the southern part of Uganda, along the north shores of Lake Victoria, killed more than 250,000 people.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[35]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a> encouraged the colonial administration of Uganda to recruit 77,143 soldiers to serve in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King%27s_African_Rifles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King's African Rifles">King's African Rifles</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They were seen in action in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Desert campaign">Western Desert campaign</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African campaign (World War II)">Abyssinian campaign</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burma_campaign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burma campaign">Burma campaign</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Independence_(1962_to_1965)">Independence (1962 to 1965)</h3> </div> Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962 with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> as head of state and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen of Uganda">Queen of Uganda</a>. In October 1963, Uganda became a republic but maintained its membership in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. The first post-independence election, held in 1962, was won by an alliance between the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda People's Congress">Uganda People's Congress</a> (UPC) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kabaka_Yekka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kabaka Yekka">Kabaka Yekka</a> (KY). UPC and KY formed the first post-independence government with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_Obote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a> as executive prime minister, with the Buganda Kabaka (King) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mutesa_II_of_Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mutesa II of Buganda">Edward Muteesa II</a> holding the largely ceremonial position of president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Buganda_crisis_(1962–1966)">Buganda crisis (1962–1966)</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengo_Crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengo Crisis">Mengo Crisis</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg/220px-Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="157"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 119px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg/220px-Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="119" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Construction of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nalubaale_Hydroelectric_Power_Station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station">Owen Falls Dam</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jinja_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jinja District">Jinja</a> </figcaption> </figure> Uganda's immediate post-independence years were dominated by the relationship between the central government and the largest regional kingdom – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg/220px-Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3111" data-file-height="4928"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 348px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg/220px-Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="348" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg/330px-Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg/440px-Kabaka_Muwenda_Mutebi_II_ne_Nnaabagereka_Sylvia_Nagginda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II ne nnaabagereka Sylvia Nagginda </figcaption> </figure> From the moment the British created the Uganda protectorate, the issue of how to manage the largest monarchy within the framework of a unitary state had always been a problem. Colonial governors had failed to come up with a formula that worked. This was further complicated by Buganda's nonchalant attitude to its relationship with the central government. Buganda never sought independence but rather appeared to be comfortable with a loose arrangement that guaranteed them privileges above the other subjects within the protectorate or a special status when the British left. This was evidenced in part by hostilities between the British colonial authorities and Buganda prior to independence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[39]</a> Within Buganda, there were divisions between those who wanted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kabaka of Buganda">Kabaka</a> to remain a dominant monarch and those who wanted to join with the rest of Uganda to create a modern secular state. The split resulted in the creation of two dominant Buganda based parties – the Kabaka Yekka (Kabaka Only) KY, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (Uganda)">Democratic Party</a> (DP) that had roots in the Catholic Church. The bitterness between these two parties was extremely intense especially as the first elections for the post-Colonial parliament approached. The Kabaka particularly disliked the DP leader, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedicto_Kiwanuka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benedicto Kiwanuka">Benedicto Kiwanuka</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[40]</a> Outside Buganda, a soft-spoken politician from Northern Uganda, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_Obote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a>, had forged an alliance of non-Buganda politicians to form the Uganda People's Congress (UPC). The UPC at its heart was dominated by politicians who wanted to rectify what they saw as the regional inequality that favoured Buganda's special status. This drew in substantial support from outside Buganda. The party however remained a loose alliance of interests, but Obote showed great skill at negotiating them into a common ground based on a federal formula.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kasozi-44">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg/220px-Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="180"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg/220px-Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Uganda printers building on Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda </figcaption> </figure> At Independence, the Buganda question remained unresolved. Uganda was one of the few colonial territories that achieved independence without a dominant political party with a clear majority in parliament. In the pre-Independence elections, the UPC ran no candidates in Buganda and won 37 of the 61 directly elected seats (outside Buganda). The DP won 24 seats outside Buganda. The "special status" granted to Buganda meant that the 21 Buganda seats were elected by proportional representation reflecting the elections to the Buganda parliament – the Lukikko. KY won a resounding victory over DP, winning all 21 seats. The UPC reached a high at the end of 1964 when the leader of the DP in parliament, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basil_Kiiza_Bataringaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basil Kiiza Bataringaya">Basil Kiiza Bataringaya</a>, crossed the parliamentary floor with five other MPs, leaving DP with only nine seats. The DP MPs were not particularly happy that the hostility of their leader, Benedicto Kiwanuka, towards the Kabaka was hindering their chances of compromise with KY.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[42]</a> The trickle of defections turned into a flood when 10 KY members crossed the floor when they realised the formal coalition with the UPC was no longer viable. Obote's charismatic speeches across the country were sweeping all before him, and the UPC was winning almost every local election held and increasing its control over all district councils and legislatures outside Buganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[43]</a> The response from the Kabaka was mute – probably content in his ceremonial role and symbolism in his part of the country. However, there were also major divisions within his palace that made it difficult for him to act effectively against Obote. By the time Uganda had become independent, Buganda "was a divided house with contending social and political forces"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kasozi63-47">[44]</a> There were however problems brewing inside the UPC. As its ranks swelled, the ethnic, religious, regional, and personal interests began to shake the party. The party's apparent strength was eroded in a complex sequence of factional conflicts in its central and regional structures. And by 1966, the UPC was tearing itself apart. The conflicts were further intensified by the newcomers who had crossed the parliamentary floor from DP and KY.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[45]</a> The UPC delegates arrived in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulu">Gulu</a> in 1964 for their delegates conference. Here was the first demonstration as to how Obote was losing control of his party. The battle over the Secretary-General of the party was a bitter contest between the new moderate's candidate – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grace_Ibingira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grace Ibingira">Grace Ibingira</a> and the radical John Kakonge. Ibingira subsequently became the symbol of the opposition to Obote within the UPC. This is an important factor when looking at the subsequent events that led to the crisis between Buganda and the Central government. For those outside the UPC (including KY supporters), this was a sign that Obote was vulnerable. Keen observers realised the UPC was not a cohesive unit.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[46]</a> The collapse of the UPC-KY alliance openly revealed the dissatisfaction Obote and others had about Buganda's "special status". In 1964, the government responded to demands from some parts of the vast Buganda Kingdom that they were not the Kabaka's subjects. Prior to colonial rule, Buganda had been rivalled by the neighbouring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> kingdom. Buganda had conquered parts of Bunyoro and the British colonialists had formalised this in the Buganda Agreements. Known as the "lost counties", the people in these areas wished to revert to being part of Bunyoro. Obote decided to allow a referendum, which angered the Kabaka and most of the rest of Buganda. The residents of the counties voted to return to Bunyoro despite the Kabaka's attempts to influence the vote.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[47]</a> Having lost the referendum, KY opposed the bill to pass the counties to Bunyoro, thus ending the alliance with the UPC. The UPC which had previously been a national party began to break along tribal lines when Ibingira challenged Obote in the UPC. The "North/South" ethnic divide that had been evident in economic and social spheres now entrenched itself in politics. Obote surrounded himself with mainly northern politicians, while Ibingira's supporters who were subsequently arrested and jailed with him, were mainly from the South. In time, the two factions acquired ethnic labels – "Bantu" (the mainly Southern Ibingira faction) and "Nilotic" (the mainly Northern Obote faction). The perception that the government was at war with the Bantu was further enhanced when Obote arrested and imprisoned the mainly Bantu ministers who backed Ibingira.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Otunnu-51">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg/220px-SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2538" data-file-height="1688"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg/220px-SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg/330px-SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg/440px-SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grey_crowned_crane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grey crowned crane">Grey Crowned Crane</a> – a symbol of Uganda </figcaption> </figure> These labels brought into the mix two very powerful influences. First Buganda – the people of Buganda are Bantu and therefore naturally aligned to the Ibingira faction. The Ibingira faction further advanced this alliance by accusing Obote of wanting to overthrow the Kabaka.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Otunnu-51">[48]</a> They were now aligned to opposing Obote. Second – the security forces – the British colonialists had recruited the army and police almost exclusively from Northern Uganda due to their perceived suitability for these roles. At independence, the army and police was dominated by northern tribes – mainly Nilotic. They would now feel more affiliated to Obote, and he took full advantage of this to consolidate his power. In April 1966, Obote passed out eight hundred new army recruits at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moroto_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moroto Town">Moroto</a>, of whom seventy percent came from the Northern Region.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[49]</a> At the time, there was a tendency to perceive central government and security forces as dominated by "northerners" – particularly the Acholi who through the UPC had significant access to government positions at national level.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LRA-MR-53">[50]</a> In northern Uganda there were also varied degrees of anti-Buganda feelings, particularly over the kingdom's "special status" before and after independence, and all the economic and social benefits that came with this status. "Obote brought significant numbers of northerners into the central state, both through the civil service and military, and created a patronage machine in Northern Uganda".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LRA-MR-53">[50]</a> However, both "Bantu" and "Nilotic" labels represent significant ambiguities. The Bantu category for example includes both Buganda and Bunyoro – historically bitter rivals. The Nilotic label includes the Lugbara, Acholi, and Langi, all of whom have bitter rivalries that were to define Uganda's military politics later. Despite these ambiguities, these events unwittingly brought to fore the northerner/southerner political divide which to some extent still influences Ugandan politics. The UPC fragmentation continued as opponents sensed Obote's vulnerability. At local level where the UPC dominated most councils discontent began to challenge incumbent council leaders. Even in Obote's home district, attempts were made to oust the head of the local district council in 1966. A more worrying fact for the UPC was that the next national elections loomed in 1967 – and without the support of KY (who were now likely to back the DP), and the growing factionalism in the UPC, there was the real possibility that the UPC would be out of power in months.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Obote went after KY with a new act of parliament in early 1966 that blocked any attempt by KY to expand outside Buganda. KY appeared to respond in parliament through one of their few remaining MPs, the terminally ill Daudi Ochieng. Ochieng was an irony – although from Northern Uganda, he had risen high in the ranks of KY and become a close confidant to the Kabaka who had gifted him with large land titles in Buganda. In Obote's absence from Parliament, Ochieng laid bare the illegal plundering of ivory and gold from the Congo that had been orchestrated by Obote's army chief of staff, Colonel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idi_Amin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>. He further alleged that Obote, Onama and Neykon had all benefited from the scheme.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[51]</a> Parliament overwhelmingly voted in favour of a motion to censure Amin and investigate Obote's involvement. This shook the government and raised tensions in the country. KY further demonstrated its ability to challenge Obote from within his party at the UPC Buganda conference where Godfrey Binaisa (the Attorney General) was ousted by a faction believed to have the backing of KY, Ibingira and other anti-Obote elements in Buganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kasozi63-47">[44]</a> Obote's response was to arrest Ibingira and other ministers at a cabinet meeting and to assume special powers in February 1966. In March 1966, Obote also announced that the offices of President and vice-president would cease to exist – effectively dismissing the Kabaka. Obote also gave Amin more power – giving him the Army Commander position over the previous holder (Opolot) who had relations to Buganda through marriage (possibly believing Opolot would be reluctant to take military action against the Kabaka if it came to that). Obote abolished the constitution and effectively suspended elections due in a few months. Obote went on television and radio to accuse the Kabaka of various offences including requesting foreign troops which appears to have been explored by the Kabaka following the rumours of Amin plotting a coup. Obote further dismantled the authority of the Kabaka by announcing among other measures: <ul> <li>The abolition of independent public service commissions for federal units. This removed the Kabaka's authority to appoint civil servants in Buganda.</li> <li>The abolition of the Buganda High Court – removing any judicial authority the Kabaka had.</li> <li>The bringing of Buganda financial management under further central control.</li> <li>Abolition of lands for Buganda chiefs. Land is one of the key sources of Kabaka's power over his subjects.</li> </ul> The lines were now drawn for a showdown between Buganda and the Central government. Within Buganda's political institutions, rivalries driven by religion and personal ambition made the institutions ineffective and unable to respond to the central government moves. The Kabaka was often regarded as aloof and unresponsive to advice from the younger Buganda politicians who better understood the new post-Independence politics, unlike the traditionalists who were ambivalent to what was going on as long as their traditional benefits were maintained. The Kabaka favoured the neo-traditionalists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[52]</a> In May 1966, the Kabaka asked for foreign help, and the Buganda parliament demanded that the Uganda government leave Buganda (including the capital, Kampala). In response Obote ordered Idi Amin to attack the Kabaka's palace. The battle for the Kabaka's palace was fierce – the Kabaka's guards putting up more resistance than had been expected. The British trained Captain – the Kabaka with about 120 armed men kept Idi Amin at bay for twelve hours.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[53]</a> It is estimated that up to 2,000 people died in the battle which ended when the army called in heavier guns and overran the palace. The anticipated countryside uprising in Buganda did not materialise and a few hours later a beaming Obote met the press to relish his victory. The Kabaka escaped over the palace walls and was transported into exile in London by supporters. He died there three years later. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1966–1971_(before_the_coup)">1966–1971 (before the coup)</h3> </div> In 1966, following a power struggle between the Obote-led government and King Muteesa, Obote suspended the constitution and removed the ceremonial president and vice-president. In 1967, a new constitution proclaimed Uganda a republic and abolished the traditional kingdoms. Obote was declared the president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Background-24">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1971_(after_the_coup)_–1979_(end_of_Amin_regime)">1971 (after the coup) –1979 (end of Amin regime)</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Republic_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Republic of Uganda">Second Republic of Uganda</a> </div> After a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">military coup on 25 January 1971</a>, Obote was deposed from power and General <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idi_Amin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a> seized control of the country. Amin ruled Uganda as dictator with the support of the military for the next eight years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-loc-57">[54]</a> He carried out mass killings within the country to maintain his rule. An estimated 80,000–500,000 Ugandans died during his regime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[55]</a> Aside from his brutalities, he <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expulsion_of_Asians_in_Uganda_in_1972?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972">forcibly removed</a> the entrepreneurial <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indian_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indian people">Indian</a> minority from Uganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[56]</a> In June 1976, Palestinian terrorists hijacked an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Air_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Air France">Air France</a> flight and forced it to land at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entebbe_International_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe airport</a>. One hundred of the 250 passengers originally on board were held hostage until an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operation_Entebbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Entebbe">Israeli commando raid</a> rescued them ten days later.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[57]</a> Amin's reign was ended after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a> in 1979, in which Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles invaded Uganda. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1979–present">1979–present</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Uganda_(1979%E2%80%93present)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Uganda (1979–present)">History of Uganda (1979–present)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/330px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="312" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 312px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/330px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="312" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/495px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg/660px-Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Belligerents of the Second Congo War. On 19 December 2005, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> found against Uganda, in a case brought by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, for illegal invasion of its territory, and violation of human rights.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[58]</a> </figcaption> </figure> In 1980, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a> broke out resulting in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a> became president since his forces toppled the previous regime in January 1986.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid201775-62">[59]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of political parties in Uganda">Political parties in Uganda</a> were restricted in their activities beginning that year, in a measure ostensibly designed to reduce sectarian violence. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Non-partisan democracy">non-party</a> "Movement" system instituted by Museveni, political parties continued to exist, but they could operate only a headquarters office. They could not open branches, hold rallies, or field candidates directly (although electoral candidates could belong to political parties). A constitutional referendum cancelled this nineteen-year ban on multi-party politics in July 2005. In 1993, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> visited Uganda during his six-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_John_Paul_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II">pastoral trip</a> to urge Ugandans to seek reconciliation. In the mid-to-late 1990s, Museveni was lauded by western countries as part of a new generation of African leaders.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[60]</a> His presidency has been marred, however, by invading and occupying the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Congo_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a>, resulting in an estimated 5.4 million deaths since 1998, and by participating in other conflicts in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Lakes_(Africa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes (Africa)">Great Lakes region of Africa</a>. He had struggled for years in the civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army, which resulted it numerous crimes against humanity, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Child_slavery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Child slavery">child slavery</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atiak_massacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atiak massacre">Atiak massacre</a>, and other mass murders. Conflict in northern Uganda has killed thousands and displaced millions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[61]</a> Parliament abolished presidential term limits in 2005, allegedly because Museveni used public funds to pay US$2,000 to each member of parliament who supported the measure.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[62]</a> Presidential <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006 Ugandan general election">elections</a> were held in February 2006. Museveni ran against several candidates, the most prominent of them being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kizza_Besigye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kizza Besigye">Kizza Besigye</a>. On 20 February 2011, the Uganda Electoral Commission declared the incumbent president Yoweri Kaguta Museveni the winning candidate of the 2011 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Ugandan general election">elections</a> that were held on 18 February 2011. The opposition however, were not satisfied with the results, condemning them as full of sham and rigging. According to the official results, Museveni won with 68 percent of the votes. This easily topped his nearest challenger, Besigye, who had been Museveni's physician and told reporters that he and his supporters "downrightly snub" the outcome as well as the unremitting rule of Museveni or any person he may appoint. Besigye added that the rigged elections would definitely lead to an illegitimate leadership and that it is up to Ugandans to critically analyse this. The European Union's Election Observation Mission reported on improvements and flaws of the Ugandan electoral process: "The electoral campaign and polling day were conducted in a peaceful manner. However, the electoral process was marred by avoidable administrative and logistical failures that led to an unacceptable number of Ugandan citizens being disfranchised."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[63]</a> Since August 2012, hacktivist group <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anonymous_(group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> has threatened Ugandan officials and hacked official government websites over its anti-gay bills.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[64]</a> Some international donors have threatened to cut financial aid to the country if anti-gay bills continue.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Indicators of a plan for succession by the president's son, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, have increased tensions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[66]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[67]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report-71">[68]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[69]</a> President Yoweri Museveni has ruled the country since 1986 and he was latest re-elected in January 2021 presidential <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021 Ugandan general election">elections</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[70]</a> According to official results Museveni won the elections with 58% of the vote while popstar-turned-politician <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bobi_Wine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bobi Wine">Bobi Wine</a> had 35%. The opposition challenged the result because of allegations of widespread fraud and irregularities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[71]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[72]</a> Another opposition candidate was 24 year old John Katumba.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[73]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geography_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geography of Uganda">Geography of Uganda</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wildlife_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wildlife of Uganda">Wildlife of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda,_2005.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Uganda%2C_2005.jpg/260px-Uganda%2C_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="315" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1213"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 315px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Uganda%2C_2005.jpg/260px-Uganda%2C_2005.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="315" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Uganda%2C_2005.jpg/390px-Uganda%2C_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Uganda%2C_2005.jpg/520px-Uganda%2C_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Relief map of Uganda </figcaption> </figure> Uganda is located in southeast Africa between 1º S and 4º N latitude, and between 30º E and 35º E longitude. Its geography is very diverse, consisting of volcanic hills, mountains, and lakes. The country sits at an average of 900 meters above sea level. Both the eastern and western borders of Uganda have mountains. The Ruwenzori mountain range contains the highest peak in Uganda, which is named Alexandra and measures 5,094 metres (16,713 ft). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lakes_and_rivers">Lakes and rivers</h3> </div> Much of the south of the country is heavily influenced by one of the world's biggest lakes, Lake Victoria, which contains many islands. The most important cities are located in the south, near this lake, including the capital <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[74]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Amendment_2005-78">[75]</a> and the nearby city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entebbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entebbe">Entebbe</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DataBasin-79">[76]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Kyoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Kyoga">Lake Kyoga</a> is in the centre of the country and is surrounded by extensive marshy areas.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Evening,_Nile_River,_Uganda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg/220px-Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg/220px-Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg/330px-Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg/440px-Evening%2C_Nile_River%2C_Uganda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Great Nile River, Uganda </figcaption> </figure> Although landlocked, Uganda contains many large lakes. Besides Lakes Victoria and Kyoga, there are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Africa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Albert (Africa)">Lake Albert</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Edward?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Edward">Lake Edward</a>, and the smaller <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_George_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake George (Uganda)">Lake George</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DataBasin-79">[76]</a> It lies almost completely within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nile">Nile</a> basin. The Victoria Nile drains from Lake Victoria into Lake Kyoga and thence into Lake Albert on the Congolese border. It then runs northwards into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Sudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. An area in eastern Uganda is drained by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkwel_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkwel River">Suam River</a>, part of the internal drainage basin of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Turkana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a>. The extreme north-eastern part of Uganda drains into the Lotikipi Basin, which is primarily in Kenya.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DataBasin-79">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservation_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservation in Uganda">Conservation in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg/280px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg/280px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg.png" data-width="280" data-height="178" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg/420px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg/560px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Uganda map of Köppen climate classification </figcaption> </figure> Uganda has <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Protected_Areas_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Protected Areas in Uganda">60 protected areas</a>, including ten national parks: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bwindi_Impenetrable_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bwindi Impenetrable National Park">Bwindi Impenetrable National Park</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwenzori Mountains National Park">Rwenzori Mountains National Park</a> (both UNESCO <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Heritage_Site?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[78]</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kibale_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kibale National Park">Kibale National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kidepo_Valley_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kidepo Valley National Park">Kidepo Valley National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Mburo_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Mburo National Park">Lake Mburo National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mgahinga_Gorilla_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mgahinga Gorilla National Park">Mgahinga Gorilla National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Elgon_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Elgon National Park">Mount Elgon National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murchison_Falls_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murchison Falls National Park">Murchison Falls National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth National Park">Queen Elizabeth National Park</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semuliki_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semuliki National Park">Semuliki National Park</a>. Uganda is home to a vast number of species, including a population of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mountain_gorillas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain gorillas">mountain gorillas</a> in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, gorillas and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golden_monkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golden monkey">golden monkeys</a> in the Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hippo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippo">hippos</a> in the Murchison Falls National Park.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jackfruit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a> can also be found throughout the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/220px-033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4010" data-file-height="2673"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/220px-033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/330px-033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/440px-033_Male_Ugandan_kob_trying_to_seduce_a_female_at_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Male Ugandan kob trying to seduce a female at Queen Elizabeth National Park Photo </figcaption> </figure> The country had a 2019 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 4.36/10, ranking it 128th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-84">[81]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of Uganda">Politics of Uganda</a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of Uganda">President of Uganda</a> is both <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Head_of_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Head_of_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. The president appoints a vice-president and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">prime minister</a> to aid him in governing. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg/220px-Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="880"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 299px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg/220px-Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="299" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg/330px-Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg/440px-Yoweri_Museveni_September_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Yoweri Museveni, president of the republic of Uganda since 1986 </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Uganda">Parliament of Uganda</a> has 557 members. These include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_constituencies_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of constituencies in Uganda">constituency representatives</a>, district woman representatives and representatives of the Uganda People's Defense Forces. There are also 5 representatives of the youth, 5 representatives of workers, 5 representatives of persons with disabilities, and 18 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex_officio_member?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ex officio member">ex officio</a> members.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foreign relations of Uganda">Foreign relations of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg/220px-BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="384"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg/220px-BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg/330px-BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg/440px-BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> U.S. President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_W._Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> met with President Yoweri Museveni in Entebbe, Uganda, 11 July 2003. </figcaption> </figure> Uganda is a member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> (EAC), along with Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Sudan. According to the East African Common Market Protocol of 2010, the free trade and free movement of people is guaranteed, including the right to reside in another member country for purposes of employment. This protocol, however, has not been implemented because of work permit and other bureaucratic, legal, and financial obstacles. Uganda is a founding member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD), an eight-country bloc including governments from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horn_of_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nile_Valley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_Great_Lakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Its headquarters are in Djibouti City. Uganda is also a member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organization_of_Islamic_Cooperation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Islamic Cooperation">Organization of Islamic Cooperation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-oicmems-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Military">Military</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Defence_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda People's Defence Force">Uganda People's Defence Force</a> </div> In Uganda, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Defence_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda People's Defence Force">Uganda People's Defence Force</a> serves as the military. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">number of military personnel in Uganda</a> is estimated at 45,000 soldiers on active duty. The Uganda army is involved in several peacekeeping and combat missions in the region, with commentators noting that only the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> is deployed in more countries. Uganda has soldiers deployed in the northern and eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_African_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somalia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Sudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corruption_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corruption in Uganda">Corruption in Uganda</a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparency_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> has rated Uganda's public sector as one of the most corrupt in the world. In 2016, Uganda ranked 151st best out of 176 and had a score of 25 on a scale from 0 (perceived as most corrupt) to 100 (perceived as clean).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CPI-89">[86]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s 2015 Worldwide Governance Indicators ranked Uganda in the worst 12 percentile of all countries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[87]</a> According to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>'s 2012 Human Rights Report on Uganda, "The World Bank's most recent Worldwide Governance Indicators reflected corruption was a severe problem" and that "the country annually loses 768.9 billion shillings ($286 million) to corruption."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report-71">[68]</a> Ugandan parliamentarians in 2014 earned 60 times what was earned by most state employees, and they sought a major increase. This caused widespread criticism and protests, including the smuggling of two piglets into the parliament in June 2014 to highlight corruption amongst members of parliament. The protesters, who were arrested, used the word "MPigs" to highlight their grievance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UganadaMPs-91">[88]</a> A specific scandal, which had significant international consequences and highlighted the presence of corruption in high-level government offices, was the embezzlement of $12.6 million of donor funds from the Office of the Prime Minister in 2012. These funds were "earmarked as crucial support for rebuilding northern Uganda, ravaged by a 20-year war, and Karamoja, Uganda's poorest region." This scandal prompted the EU, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and Norway to suspend aid.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Widespread grand and petty corruption involving public officials and political patronage systems have also seriously affected the investment climate in Uganda. One of the high corruption risk areas is the public procurement in which non-transparent under-the-table cash payments are often demanded from procurement officers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[90]</a> What may ultimately compound this problem is the availability of oil. The Petroleum Bill, passed by parliament in 2012 and touted by the NRM as bringing transparency to the oil sector, has failed to please domestic and international political commentators and economists. For instance, Angelo Izama, a Ugandan energy analyst at the US-based Open Society Foundation said the new law was tantamount to "handing over an ATM (cash) machine" to Museveni and his regime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[91]</a> According to Global Witness in 2012, a non-governmental organisation devoted to international law, Uganda now has "oil reserves that have the potential to double the government's revenue within six to ten years, worth an estimated US $2.4 billion per year."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[92]</a> The Non-Governmental Organizations (Amendment) Act, passed in 2006, has stifled the productivity of NGOs through erecting barriers to entry, activity, funding and assembly within the sector. Burdensome and corrupt registration procedures (i.e. requiring recommendations from government officials; annual re-registration), unreasonable regulation of operations (i.e. requiring government notification prior to making contact with individuals in NGO's area of interest), and the precondition that all foreign funds be passed through the Bank of Uganda, among other things, are severely limiting the output of the NGO sector. Furthermore, the sector's freedom of speech has been continually infringed upon through the use of intimidation, and the recent Public Order Management Bill (severely limiting freedom of assembly) will only add to the government's stockpile of ammunition.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[93]</a> A leaked confidential document exposes scandals in Uganda's Office of the Prime Minister, including distribution of rotten food, excessive spending, land grabbing allegations, and controversial handling of political matters. These revelations raise questions about the office's ethics and transparency and involves Charles Odongtho, the OPM's public relations expert.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_rights_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human rights in Uganda">Human rights in Uganda</a> </div> There are many areas which continue to attract concern when it comes to human rights in Uganda. Conflict in the northern parts of the country continues to generate reports of abuses by both the rebel <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord's Resistance Army">Lord's Resistance Army</a> (LRA), led by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Kony?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Kony">Joseph Kony</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_People%27s_Defence_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda People's Defence Force">Ugandan Army</a>. A UN official accused the LRA in February 2009 of "appalling brutality" in the Democratic Republic of Congo.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[95]</a> The number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced persons">internally displaced persons</a> is estimated at 1.4 million. Torture continues to be a widespread practice amongst security organisations. Attacks on political freedom in the country, including the arrest and beating of opposition members of parliament, have led to international criticism, culminating in May 2005 in a decision by the British government to withhold part of its aid to the country. The arrest of the main opposition leader <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kizza_Besigye?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kizza Besigye">Kizza Besigye</a> and the siege of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=High_Court_(Uganda)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="High Court (Uganda) (page does not exist)">High Court</a> during a hearing of Besigye's case by heavily armed security forces – before the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006_Ugandan_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006 Ugandan general election">February 2006 elections</a> – led to condemnation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hrw1-99">[96]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Child_labour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Child labour">Child labour</a> is common in Uganda. Many child workers are active in agriculture.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unhcr.org-100">[97]</a> Children who work on tobacco farms in Uganda are exposed to health hazards.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unhcr.org-100">[97]</a> Child domestic servants in Uganda risk <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexual_abuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unhcr.org-100">[97]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trafficking_of_children?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trafficking of children">Trafficking of children</a> occurs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unhcr.org-100">[97]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forced_labour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a> are prohibited by the Ugandan constitution.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unhcr.org-100">[97]</a> The US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants reported several violations of refugee rights in 2007, including forcible deportations by the Ugandan government and violence directed against refugees.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-101">[98]</a> Torture and extrajudicial killings have been a pervasive problem in Uganda in recent years. For instance, according to a 2012 US State Department report, "the African Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation for Torture Victims registered 170 allegations of torture against police, 214 against the UPDF, 1 against military police, 23 against the Special Investigations Unit, 361 against unspecified security personnel, and 24 against prison officials" between January and September 2012.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report-71">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg/220px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg/220px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg/330px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg/440px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_with_2011_Human_Rights_Defender_Award_recipients.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Hillary Rodham Clinton with 2011 Human Rights Defender Award recipients </figcaption> </figure> In September 2009, Museveni refused Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi, the Baganda king, permission to visit some areas of Buganda Kingdom, particularly the Kayunga district. Riots occurred and over 40 people were killed while others still remain imprisoned. Furthermore, 9 more people were killed during the April 2011 "Walk to Work" demonstrations. According to the Humans Rights Watch 2013 World Report on Uganda, the government has failed to investigate the killings associated with both of these events.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Uganda">LGBT rights in Uganda</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2023) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg/170px-Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg/170px-Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="113" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg/255px-Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg/340px-Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A 2009 protest in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York City">New York City</a> against Uganda's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014">first Anti-Homosexuality Bill</a> </figcaption> </figure> In 2007, a newspaper, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Pepper_(newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Pepper (newspaper)">Red Pepper</a>, published a list of allegedly gay men; as a result, many of the men listed suffered harassment.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[100]</a> On 9 October 2010, the Ugandan newspaper <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolling_Stone_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolling Stone (Uganda)">Rolling Stone</a> published a front-page article titled "100 Pictures of Uganda's Top Homos Leak" that listed the names, addresses, and photographs of 100 homosexuals alongside a yellow banner that read "Hang Them."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Guardian-104">[101]</a> The paper also alleged <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homosexual_recruitment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual recruitment">homosexual recruitment</a> of Ugandan children. The publication attracted international attention and criticism from human rights organisations, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[102]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_Peace_Without_Justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="No Peace Without Justice">No Peace Without Justice</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[103]</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ILGA-107">[104]</a> According to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gay_rights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> activists, many Ugandans have been attacked since the publication.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Independent-108">[105]</a> On 27 January 2011, gay rights activist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Kato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Kato">David Kato</a> was murdered.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC-109">[106]</a> In 2009, the Ugandan parliament considered an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill">Anti-Homosexuality Bill</a> which would have broadened the criminalisation of homosexuality by introducing the death penalty for people who have previous convictions, or are HIV-positive, and engage in same-sex sexual acts. The bill included provisions for Ugandans who engage in same-sex sexual relations outside of Uganda, asserting that they may be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extradition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extradition">extradited</a> back to Uganda for punishment, and included penalties for individuals, companies, media organisations, or non-governmental organizations that support legal protection for homosexuality or sodomy. On 14 October 2009, MP <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Bahati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Bahati">David Bahati</a> submitted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Private member's bill">private member's bill</a> and was believed to have had widespread support in the Uganda parliament.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Harpers2010-110">[107]</a> The hacktivist group <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> hacked into Ugandan government websites in protest of the bill.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[108]</a> In response to global condemnation the debate of the bill was delayed, but it was eventually passed on 20 December 2013 and President Museveni signed it on 24 February 2014. The death penalty was dropped in the final legislation. The law was widely condemned by the international community. Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden said they would withhold aid. On 28 February 2014 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> said it would postpone a US$90 million loan, while the United States said it was reviewing ties with Uganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WorldBankPostponesLOan-112">[109]</a> On 1 August 2014, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Court of Uganda">Constitutional Court of Uganda</a> ruled the bill invalid as it was not passed with the required <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quorum">quorum</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[112]</a> A 13 August 2014 news report said that the Ugandan attorney general had dropped all plans to appeal, per a directive from President Museveni who was concerned about foreign reaction to the bill and who also said that any newly introduced bill should not criminalise same-sex relationships between consenting adults.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[113]</a> As of 2019, progress on the African continent was slow but progressing with South Africa being the only country where same sex marriages are recognised.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023</h5> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023</a> </div> On 21 March 2023, the Ugandan parliament passed a bill that would make identifying as homosexual punishable by life in prison and the death penalty for anyone found guilty of "aggravated homosexuality".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[116]</a> On 9 March 2023 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asuman_Basalirwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asuman Basalirwa">Asuman Basalirwa</a> (a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Uganda">member of parliament</a> since 2018 from the opposition representing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bugiri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bugiri">Bugiri</a> Municipality on Justice Forum party ticket) tabled a proposed law which seeks out to castigate gay sex and "the promotion or recognition of such relations" and he made remarks that: "In this country, or in this world, we talk about human rights. But it is also true that there are human wrongs. I want to submit that homosexuality is a human wrong that offends the laws of Uganda and threatens the sanctity of the family, the safety of our children and the continuation of humanity through reproduction."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[117]</a> The speaker of parliament, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anita_Among?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anita Among">Annet Anita Among</a>, referred the bill to a house committee for scrutiny, the first step in an accelerated process to pass the proposal into law. The parliament speaker had earlier noted that: "We want to appreciate our promoters of homosexuality for the social economic development they have brought to the country," in reference to western countries and donors. "But we do not appreciate the fact that they are killing morals. We do not need their money, we need our culture." during a prayer service held in parliament and attended by several religious leaders.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[118]</a> The Speaker vowed to pass the bill into law at whatever cost to shield Uganda's culture and its sovereignty.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[119]</a> On 21 March 2023, parliament rapidly passed the anti-homosexuality bill with overwhelming support.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lancet-123">[120]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a> strongly condemned the bill. During a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press</a> briefing on 22 March 2023, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karine_Jean-Pierre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Karine Jean-Pierre</a> stated. "Human rights <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moral_universalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moral universalism">are universal</a>. No one should be attacked, imprisoned, or killed simply because of who they are or whom they love."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[121]</a> Further criticism came from the United Kingdom,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[122]</a> Canada,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Germany,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[124]</a> and the European Union. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Administrative divisions of Uganda">Administrative divisions of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ug-map.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ug-map.PNG/220px-Ug-map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="354"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ug-map.PNG/220px-Ug-map.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="236" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ug-map.PNG 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Some of the districts in Uganda </figcaption> </figure> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, Uganda is divided into four <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regions_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regions of Uganda">Regions of Uganda</a> and 136 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Districts of Uganda">districts</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-district-128">[125]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-factsheet-129">[126]</a> Rural areas of districts are subdivided into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sub-counties_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sub-counties of Uganda">sub-counties</a>, parishes, and villages. Municipal and town councils are designated in urban areas of districts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[127]</a> Political subdivisions in Uganda are officially served and united by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Local_Governments_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Local Governments Association">Uganda Local Governments Association</a> (ULGA), a voluntary and non-profit body which also serves as a forum for support and guidance for Ugandan sub-national governments.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131">[128]</a> Parallel with the state administration, five traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantu_peoples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> kingdoms have remained, enjoying some degrees of mainly cultural autonomy. The kingdoms are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toro_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Toro Kingdom">Toro</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busoga">Busoga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunyoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buganda">Buganda</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwenzururu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwenzururu">Rwenzururu</a>. Furthermore, some groups attempt to restore <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ankole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ankole">Ankole</a> as one of the officially recognised traditional kingdoms, to no avail yet.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[129]</a> Several other kingdoms and chiefdoms are officially recognised by the government, including the union of Alur chiefdoms, the Iteso paramount chieftaincy, the paramount chieftaincy of Lango and the Padhola state.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[130]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Economy_and_infrastructure">Economy and infrastructure</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of Uganda">Economy of Uganda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energy_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energy in Uganda">Energy in Uganda</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agriculture_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agriculture in Uganda">Agriculture in Uganda</a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bank of Uganda">Bank of Uganda</a> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of Uganda and handles monetary policy along with the printing of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_shilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan shilling">Ugandan shilling</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[131]</a> In 2015, Uganda's economy generated export income from the following merchandise: coffee (US$402.63 million), oil re-exports (US$131.25 million), base metals and products (US$120.00 million), fish (US$117.56 million), maize (US$90.97 million), cement (US$80.13 million), tobacco (US$73.13 million), tea (US$69.94 million), sugar (US$66.43 million), hides and skins (US$62.71 million), cocoa beans (US$55.67 million), beans (US$53.88 million), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sesame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sesame">simsim</a> (US$52.20 million), flowers (US$51.44 million), and other products (US$766.77 million).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[132]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Change in per capita GDP of Uganda, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. </figcaption> </figure> The country has been experiencing consistent economic growth. In fiscal year 2015–16, Uganda recorded gross domestic product growth of 4.6 percent in real terms and 11.6 percent in nominal terms. This compares to 5.0 percent real growth in fiscal year 2014–15.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[133]</a>: vii The country has largely untapped reserves of both <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crude_oil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> and natural gas.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-oilrush-137">[134]</a> While agriculture accounted for 56 percent of the economy in 1986, with coffee as its main export, it has now been surpassed by the services sector, which accounted for 52 percent of GDP in 2007.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[135]</a> In the 1950s, the British colonial regime encouraged some 500,000 subsistence farmers to join co-operatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Since 1986, the government (with the support of foreign countries and international agencies) has acted to rehabilitate an economy devastated during the regime of Idi Amin<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[137]</a> and the subsequent civil war.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-141">[138]</a> In 2012, the World Bank still listed Uganda on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavily_Indebted_Poor_Countries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavily Indebted Poor Countries">Heavily Indebted Poor Countries</a> list.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Economic growth has not always led to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poverty_reduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poverty reduction">poverty reduction</a>. Despite an average annual growth of 2.5 percent between 2000 and 2003, poverty levels increased by 3.8 percent during that time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ODI-143">[140]</a> This has highlighted the importance of avoiding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jobless_growth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jobless growth">jobless growth</a> and is part of the rising awareness in development circles of the need for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Development_economics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#equitable_growth" title="Development economics">equitable growth</a> not just in Uganda, but across the developing world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ODI-143">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_GV5_lo_(4108162183).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg/220px-Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg/220px-Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg/330px-Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg/440px-Uganda_GV5_lo_%284108162183%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Coffee fields in southwestern Uganda </figcaption> </figure> With the Uganda securities exchanges established in 1996, several equities have been listed. The government has used the stock market as an avenue for privatisation. All government treasury issues are listed on the securities exchange. The Capital Markets Authority has licensed 18 brokers, asset managers, and investment advisors including: African Alliance Investment Bank, Baroda Capital Markets Uganda Limited, Crane Financial Services Uganda Limited, Crested Stocks and Securities Limited, Dyer & Blair Investment Bank, Equity Stock Brokers Uganda Limited, Renaissance Capital Investment Bank and UAP Financial Services Limited.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[141]</a> As one of the ways of increasing formal domestic savings, pension sector reform is the centre of attention (2007).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Uganda traditionally depends on Kenya for access to the Indian Ocean port of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mombasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>. Efforts have intensified to establish a second access route to the sea via the lakeside ports of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bukasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukasa">Bukasa</a> in Uganda and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musoma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musoma">Musoma</a> in Tanzania, connected by railway to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arusha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arusha">Arusha</a> in the Tanzanian interior and to the port of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanga,_Tanzania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanga, Tanzania">Tanga</a> on the Indian Ocean.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Uganda is a member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Community?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> and a potential member of the planned <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Federation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a>. Uganda has a large diaspora, residing mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom. This diaspora has contributed enormously to Uganda's economic growth through remittances and other investments (especially property). According to the World Bank, Uganda received in 2016 an estimated US$1.099 billion in remittances from abroad, second only to Kenya (US$1.574 billion) in the East African Community,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[145]</a> and seventh in Africa.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Uganda also serves as an economic hub for a number of neighbouring countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[147]</a> South Sudan,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[148]</a> and Rwanda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_Strassennetz.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Uganda_Strassennetz.svg/220px-Uganda_Strassennetz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 240px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Uganda_Strassennetz.svg/220px-Uganda_Strassennetz.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="240" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Uganda_Strassennetz.svg/330px-Uganda_Strassennetz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Uganda_Strassennetz.svg/440px-Uganda_Strassennetz.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Roads in Uganda </figcaption> </figure> The Ugandan Bureau of Statistics announced inflation was 4.6 percent in November 2016.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[150]</a> On 29 June 2018, Uganda's statistics agency said the country registered a drop in inflation to 3.4 percent in the financial year ending 2017/18 compared to the 5.7 percent recorded in the financial year 2016/17.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3> </div> Uganda ranked as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">number 102</a> among the countries of the world in nominal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of 26,349 (US$million).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GDP_by_IMF-155">[152]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> ranked Uganda as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">number 99</a> in nominal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of 25,891 (US$million).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GDP_by_World_Bank-156">[153]</a> Based on the GDP with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IMF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a> ranked Uganda as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">number 86</a> (91,212 million of current Int$) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">ranked them 90</a> (79,889 million of current Int$).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GDP_by_IMF-155">[152]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GDP_by_World_Bank-156">[153]</a> Since the 1990s, the economy in Uganda is growing. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average of 6.7% annually during the period 1990–2015, whereas real GDP per capita grew at 3.3% per annum during the same period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poverty">Poverty</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poverty_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poverty in Uganda">Poverty in Uganda</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kif20180421_114559.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kif20180421_114559.jpg/220px-Kif20180421_114559.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kif20180421_114559.jpg/220px-Kif20180421_114559.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kif20180421_114559.jpg/330px-Kif20180421_114559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kif20180421_114559.jpg/440px-Kif20180421_114559.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> One of the schools located at the Nile River </figcaption> </figure> Uganda is one of the poorest nations in the world. In 2012, 37.8 percent of the population lived on less than $1.25 a day.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[155]</a> Despite making enormous progress in reducing the countrywide poverty incidence from 56 percent of the population in 1992 to 24.5 percent in 2009, poverty remains deep-rooted in the country's rural areas, which are home to 84 percent of Ugandans.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[156]</a> People in rural areas of Uganda depend on farming as the main source of income and 90 per cent of all rural women work in the agricultural sector.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[157]</a> In addition to agricultural work, rural women are responsible for the caretaking of their families. The average Ugandan woman spends 9 hours a day on domestic tasks, such as preparing food and clothing, fetching water and firewood, and caring for the elderly, the sick as well as orphans. Women on average work longer hours than men, between 12 and 18 hours per day, with a mean of 15 hours, as compared to men, who work between 8 and 10 hours a day, although urban men and women work very similar hours. 26% of households in 2005 were headed by women only (FHH), up from previous years as a result of death of men from AIDS. There were most FHHs in the top quintile, by income, (31%). Male only headed households in poverty were also increased to a similar level as FHH, though little research had been done.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[158]</a> To supplement their income, rural women may engage in small-scale entrepreneurial activities such as rearing and selling local breeds of animals. Nonetheless, because of their heavy workload, they have little time for these income-generating activities. The poor cannot support their children at school and in most cases, girls drop out of school to help out in domestic work or to get married. Other girls engage in sex work. As a result, young women tend to have older and more sexually experienced partners and this puts women at a disproportionate risk of getting affected by HIV, accounting for about 5.7 per cent of all adults living with HIV in Uganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Maternal health in rural Uganda lags behind national policy targets and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>, with geographical inaccessibility, lack of transport and financial burdens identified as key demand-side constraints to accessing maternal health services;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[160]</a> as such, interventions like intermediate transport mechanisms have been adopted as a means to improve women's access to maternal health care services in rural regions of the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Gender inequality is the main hindrance to reducing women's poverty. Women are subjected to an overall lower social status than men. Many women believe this reduces their power to act independently, participate in community life, become educated and escape reliance upon abusive men.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Entebbe_Airport.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Entebbe_Airport.JPG/220px-Entebbe_Airport.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2274"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Entebbe_Airport.JPG/220px-Entebbe_Airport.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="125" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Entebbe_Airport.JPG/330px-Entebbe_Airport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Entebbe_Airport.JPG/440px-Entebbe_Airport.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Entebbe International Airport </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Air_transportation">Air transportation</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2024) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> There are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of airports in Uganda">36 airports</a> in Uganda. Commercial airlines operate scheduled passenger services out of four airports. Uganda currently has one functioning international airport, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entebbe_International_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entebbe International Airport">Entebbe International Airport</a>, which is located 25 miles (40 km) south-west of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>. In 2017, the airport traffic was 1.53 million passengers, 8% more than the previous year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[163]</a> A second international airport, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoima_International_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoima International Airport">Hoima International Airport</a>, is currently under construction.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Road_network">Road network</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of roads in Uganda">List of roads in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wild_route.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wild_route.jpg/220px-Wild_route.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wild_route.jpg/220px-Wild_route.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wild_route.jpg/330px-Wild_route.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Wild_route.jpg/440px-Wild_route.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Road to Murchison </figcaption> </figure> Road transportation is the most important way of transportation in Uganda. 95% of freight and passenger traffic is handled by road traffic. The road network in Uganda is approximately 129,469 km (80,448 mi) long. About 4% of these roads are paved which equates to only about 5,300 kilometres (3,300 mi) of paved road. The different types of roads are national roads (22,009 km (13,676 mi)—17%), district roads (33,661 km (20,916 mi)—26%), urban roads (9,062 km (5,631 mi)—7%), and community roads (64,734 km (40,224 mi)—50%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[165]</a> The national roads make up about 17% of the road network but carry over 80% of the total road traffic.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[166]</a> In Uganda there are 83,000 private cars which means 2.94 cars per 1000 inhabitants.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Railroad">Railroad</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg/220px-Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 122px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg/220px-Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="122" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg/330px-Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg/440px-Uganda_railways_assessment_2010-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Uganda Railway </figcaption> </figure> The rail network in Uganda is approximately 1,260 kilometres (780 mi) long. The longest lines are the main line from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tororo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tororo">Tororo</a> (249 kilometres (155 mi)), the western line from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasese">Kasese</a> (333 kilometres (207 mi)), the northern line from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tororo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tororo">Tororo</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakwach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakwach">Pakwach</a> (641 kilometres (398 mi)).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communications_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communications in Uganda">Communications in Uganda</a> </div> There are several systems of communication, including telephony, radio and television broadcasts, internet, mail, and newspapers. The use of phones and the internet has rapidly increased. There are seven telecommunications companies and, as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, over 24 million subscribers[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] according to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Communications_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Communications Commission">Uganda Communications Commission</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3R-172">[169]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-173">[170]</a> in a population of 48 million.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-174">[171]</a> More than 95% of internet connections are made using mobile phones.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energy_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energy in Uganda">Energy in Uganda</a> </div> Uganda has abundant energy resources, which are fairly distributed throughout the country. These include hydropower, biomass, solar, geothermal, peat and fossil fuels. In the 1980s, the majority of energy in Uganda came from charcoal and wood. However, oil was found in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Albert_(Africa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Albert (Africa)">Lake Albert</a> area, totaling an estimated 95 million cubic metres (3.4×10<s style="display:none">^</s>9 cu ft) of crude.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-oilrush-137">[134]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heritage_Oil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heritage Oil">Heritage Oil</a> discovered one of the largest crude oil finds in Uganda, and continues operations there.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png/220px-Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="2459"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png/220px-Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png/330px-Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png/440px-Uganda_PVOUT_Photovoltaic-power-potential-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Uganda PVOUT photovoltaic power potential map </figcaption> </figure> Uganda and Tanzania signed a deal on 13 September 2016 that will see the two countries build a 1,445 km, $3.5bn crude oil pipeline. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Crude_Oil_Pipeline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Crude Oil Pipeline">Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline</a> (UTCOP), also known as the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), will be the first of its kind in East Africa, will connect Uganda's oil-rich Hoima region with the Indian Ocean through the Tanga port in Tanzania. Uganda's favorable enabling environment and broad presence of private sector investment presents a unique opportunity to deliver on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Power_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Africa">Power Africa</a> goals.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Uganda is one of the few sub-Saharan African countries to have liberalized and financially viable energy markets, with generation, transmission and supply segments unbundled since 2001.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[175]</a> There is an independent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electricity_Regulatory_Authority?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electricity Regulatory Authority">Electricity Regulatory Authority</a> that undertakes sector regulation and oversight. The largest distribution company, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umeme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umeme">UMEME</a> is privately owned and has a 20-year concession for distribution and retail. The country, however, is divided into 13 rural service territories, and 6 of these are being managed by small distribution companies. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independent_power_producer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independent power producer">Independent power producers</a> (IPPs) currently account for nearly 60% of generation capacity. Issues with integrated planning and the financial ecosystem persist. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Water_supply_and_sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Water supply and sanitation in Uganda">Water supply and sanitation in Uganda</a> </div> According to a 2006 published report, the Ugandan water supply and sanitation sector had made substantial progress in urban areas since the mid-1990s, with substantial increases in coverage as well as in operational and commercial performance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mugisha-179">[176]</a>: 3–4 Sector reforms in the period 1998–2003 included the commercialisation and modernisation of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Water_and_Sewerage_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Water and Sewerage Corporation">National Water and Sewerage Corporation</a> operating in cities and larger towns, as well as decentralisation and private sector participation in small towns.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[177]</a>: 15 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png/220px-Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 223px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png/220px-Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png" data-width="220" data-height="223" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png/330px-Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png/440px-Rivers_and_lakes_of_Uganda.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Main Rivers and Lakes of Uganda </figcaption> </figure> Although these reforms have attracted significant international attention, 38 percent of the population still had no access to an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Improved_water_source?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Improved water source">improved water source</a> in 2010. Concerning access to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Improved_sanitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Improved sanitation">improved sanitation</a>, figures have varied widely. According to government figures, it was 70 percent in rural areas and 81 percent in urban areas in 2011;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SPR_2011-181">[178]</a> according to UN figures, it was only 34 percent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JMP-182">[179]</a> The water and sanitation sector was recognised as a key area under the 2004 Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), Uganda's main strategy paper to fight poverty.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PEAP-183">[180]</a>: 182–188 According to a 2006 published report, a comprehensive expenditure framework had been introduced to co-ordinate financial support by external donors, the national government, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NGO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">nongovernmental organisations</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MWE_SWAP-184">[181]</a>: 5 The PEAP estimated that from 2001 to 2015, about US$1.4 billion, or US$92 million per year, was needed to increase water supply coverage up to 95 percent, with rural areas needing US$956 million, urban areas and large towns needing US$281 million, and small towns needing US$136 million.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PEAP-183">[180]</a>: 182–183 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Education">Education</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Education_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Education in Uganda">Education in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG/220px-Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG/220px-Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG/330px-Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG/440px-Makerere_University_Campus_Entrance_Road.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Makerere university Campus Entrance </figcaption> </figure> Uganda's educational system, while lacking in many areas, has seen significant change since the late 1990s. The educational system is set up so that children spend seven years in primary school, six years in secondary school, and three to five years in post secondary school. In 1997, the government declared that primary school would be free for all children.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[182]</a> This amendment has had huge benefits. In 1986, only two million children were attending primary school. By 1999, six million children were attending primary school, and this number has continued to climb. Following significant gains in access to primary education since 1997 when universal primary education (UPE) was introduced, Uganda in 2007 became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to introduce universal secondary education (USE).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[183]</a> This led to an increase in lower secondary enrolment of nearly 25% between 2007 and 2012. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_students.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Uganda_students.jpg/220px-Uganda_students.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Uganda_students.jpg/220px-Uganda_students.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Uganda_students.jpg/330px-Uganda_students.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Uganda_students.jpg/440px-Uganda_students.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Students in Uganda </figcaption> </figure> At the 2002 census, Uganda had a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literacy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literacy">literacy</a> rate of 66.8 percent (76.8 percent male and 57.7 percent female).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-141">[138]</a> Public spending on education was at 5.2 percent of the 2002–2005 GDP.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-187">[184]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_National_Council_for_Higher_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda National Council for Higher Education">NCHE</a> website listed 46 private accredited universities,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[185]</a> including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makerere_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makerere University">Makerere University</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mbarara_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mbarara University">Mbarara University of science and technology</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyambogo_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyambogo University">Kyambogo University</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulu_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulu University">Gulu University</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Christian_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Christian University">Uganda Christian University</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala_International_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala International University">Kampala international University</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Health">Health</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Health_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Health in Uganda">Health in Uganda</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HIV/AIDS in Uganda">HIV/AIDS in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_old_Mulago_Hospital_in_Uganda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mulago National Referral Hospital </figcaption> </figure> There were eight physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-187">[184]</a> Uganda's elimination of user fees at state health facilities in 2001 has resulted in an 80 percent increase in visits, with over half of this increase coming from the poorest 20 percent of the population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1-189">[186]</a> This policy has been cited as a key factor in helping Uganda achieve its Millennium Development Goals and as an example of the importance of equity in achieving those goals.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ODI-143">[140]</a> Despite this policy, many users are denied care if they do not provide their own medical equipment, as happened in the highly publicised case of Jennifer Anguko.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[187]</a> Poor communication within hospitals,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[188]</a> low satisfaction with health services<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[189]</a> and distance to health service providers undermine the provision of quality health care to people living in Uganda, and particularly for those in poor and elderly-headed households.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pariyo2009-193">[190]</a> The provision of subsidies for poor and rural populations, along with the extension of public private partnerships, have been identified as important provisions to enable vulnerable populations to access health services.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pariyo2009-193">[190]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg/220px-Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg/220px-Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg/330px-Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg/440px-Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Development of life expectancy </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Life_expectancy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> at birth was estimated to be 63.4 years in 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[191]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infant_mortality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a> rate was approximately 61 deaths per 1,000 children in 2012.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[192]</a> In July 2012, there was an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> outbreak in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kibaale_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kibaale District">Kibaale District</a> of the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[193]</a> On 4 October 2012, the Ministry of Health officially declared the end of the outbreak after at least 16 people had died.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[194]</a> The Health Ministry announced on 16 August 2013 that three people had died in northern Uganda from a suspected outbreak of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congo_Crimean_Hemorrhagic_Fever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever">Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[195]</a> Uganda has been among the rare <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HIV">HIV</a> success stories.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hdrstats.undp.org-187">[184]</a> Infection rates of 30 percent of the population in the 1980s fell to 6.4 percent by the end of 2008.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[196]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[197]</a> Meanwhile, the practice of abstinence was found to have decreased.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[198]</a> Less than half of all sexually active unmarried women use a modern contraceptive method, a fraction that has barely changed from 2000 to 2011. However, only ≈26% of married women used contraceptives in 2011. The use of contraceptives also differs substantially between poor (≈15%) and wealthy women (≈40%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-202">[199]</a> As a result, Ugandan women have ≈6 children while they prefer to have around ≈4. According to the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), more than 40% of births are unplanned. In 2010, the Ugandan Ministry of Health estimated that unsafe abortion accounted for 8% of the country's maternal deaths.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-202">[199]</a> The 2006 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) indicated that roughly 6,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related complications.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Pilot studies in 2012 by Future Health Systems have shown that this rate could be significantly reduced by implementing a voucher scheme for health services and transport to clinics.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204">[201]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[202]</a> The prevalence of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> (FGM) is low: according to a 2013 UNICEF report,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNICEF2013p27-206">[203]</a> only 1 percent of women in Uganda have undergone FGM, with the practice being illegal in the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crime_and_law_enforcement">Crime and law enforcement</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Police_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Police Force">Uganda Police Force</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg/220px-Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="1725"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg/220px-Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg/330px-Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg/440px-Women_of_the_Uganda_Police_Force_marching_during_the_International_Women%27s_Day_celebrations_in_Mbale_Municipality.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Women of Uganda Police Force </figcaption> </figure> The Uganda Police Force is the national <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police">police</a> force. Its head is called the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inspector_General_of_Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspector General of Police">Inspector General of Police</a> (IGP), currently Abbas Byakagaba. Byakagaba replaced former IGP, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Tumusiime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Tumusiime">Geoffrey Tumusiime</a> on 18 May 2024.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18mayIGP-208">[205]</a> Recruitment to the forces is done annually.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209">[206]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allied_Democratic_Forces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allied Democratic Forces">Allied Democratic Forces</a> is a violent rebel force that opposes the Ugandan government. These rebels are an enemy of the Uganda People's Defence Force and an affiliate of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in Uganda">Tourism in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg/220px-Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg/220px-Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg/330px-Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg/440px-Rwenzori_Mountains.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Rwenzori mountains in Uganda </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:FLII_Uganda.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLII_Uganda.png/220px-FLII_Uganda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="863"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 213px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLII_Uganda.png/220px-FLII_Uganda.png" data-width="220" data-height="213" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLII_Uganda.png/330px-FLII_Uganda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLII_Uganda.png/440px-FLII_Uganda.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2019 map of Uganda. Forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification. 0 = most modifications; 10 = least. Created in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Google_Earth_Engine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Earth Engine">Google Earth Engine</a>. National boundaries = LSIB 2017: Large Scale International Boundary Polygons, Detailed, US Officer of the Geographer. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in Uganda">Tourism in Uganda</a> is focused on Uganda's landscape and wildlife. It is a major driver of employment, investment and foreign exchange, contributing 4.9 trillion <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_shilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan shilling">Ugandan shillings</a> (US$1.88 billion or €1.4 billion as of August 2013) to Uganda's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_domestic_product?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> in the financial year 2012–13.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mutagamba-211">[208]</a> The Uganda Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Uganda. The main attractions are photo safaris through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of protected areas of Uganda">National parks and game Reserves</a>. Other attractions include the Mountain Gorillas found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP) and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park (MGNP), Uganda having some of the oldest cultural kingdom in Africa has many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Cultural_Sites_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Cultural Sites of Uganda">Cultural sites</a>. Uganda is a birding paradise boasting a massive bird list of more than 1073 recorded bird species ranking 4th in Africa's bird species and 16th internationally.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212">[209]</a> Uganda has landscapes ranging from white-capped <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori mountains</a> to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Rift Valley">Great Rift Valley</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy dates from 2009. Its overarching goal is to 'strengthen national capability to generate, transfer and apply scientific knowledge, skills and technologies that ensure sustainable utilization of natural resources for the realisation of Uganda's development objectives.' The policy precedes Uganda Vision 2040, which was launched in April 2013 to transform 'Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years,' in the words of the Cabinet. Uganda Vision 2040 vows to strengthen the private sector, improve education and training, modernize infrastructure and the underdeveloped services and agriculture sectors, foster industrialization and promote good governance, among other goals. Potential areas for economic development include oil and gas, tourism, minerals and information and communication technologies (ICTs).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:12-213">[210]</a> Uganda was ranked 121st in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, down from 102nd in 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214">[211]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215">[212]</a> Research funding climbed between 2008 and 2010 from 0.33% to 0.48% of GDP. Over the same period, the number of researchers doubled (in head counts) from 1 387 to 2 823, according to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO_Institute_for_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UNESCO Institute for Statistics">UNESCO Institute for Statistics</a>. This represents a leap from 44 to 83 researchers per million inhabitants over the same period. One in four researchers is a woman.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:12-213">[210]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Uganda">Demographics of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png/220px-Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4933" data-file-height="5276"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 235px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png/220px-Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png" data-width="220" data-height="235" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png/330px-Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png/440px-Population_density_of_Uganda_districts.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Population density of Uganda districts </figcaption> </figure> Uganda's population grew from 9.5 million people in 1969 to 34.9 million in 2014. With respect to the last inter-censal period (September 2002), the population increased by 10.6 million people in the past 12 years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216">[213]</a> Uganda's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Median_age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">median age</a> of 15 years is the lowest in the world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-141">[138]</a> Uganda has the fifth highest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Total_fertility_rate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> in the world, at 5.97 children born per woman (2014 estimates).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-141">[138]</a> There were about 80,000 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indians_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indians in Uganda">Indians in Uganda</a> before Idi Amin required the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expulsion of Asians from Uganda">expulsion of Ugandan-Asians</a> (mostly of Indian origin) in 1972, which reduced the population to as low as 7,000. Many Indians, however, returned to Uganda after Amin's ouster in 1979.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[214]</a> Around 90 percent of Ugandan Indians reside in Kampala. There is also a population of about 10,000 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/White_Africans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="White Africans">white Africans</a> and 3,000 Arabs in the country.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218">[215]</a> According to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>, Uganda hosts over 1.4 million refugees on its soil as of August 2021.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-219">[216]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNHCR_stats-220">[217]</a> Most come from neighbouring countries in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_Great_Lakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region, particularly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Sudan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> (68.0 percent) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> (24.6%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNHCR_stats-220">[217]</a> In August 2021, Uganda received some refugees from Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-219">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Languages_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Languages of Uganda">Languages of Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Languages_of_Uganda.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Languages_of_Uganda.png/280px-Languages_of_Uganda.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="297" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="637"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 297px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Languages_of_Uganda.png/280px-Languages_of_Uganda.png" data-width="280" data-height="297" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Languages_of_Uganda.png/420px-Languages_of_Uganda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Languages_of_Uganda.png/560px-Languages_of_Uganda.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> An ethnolinguistic map of Uganda </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swahili_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, a widely used language throughout the African Great Lakes region, was approved as the country's second official national language in 2005.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Amendment_2005-78">[75]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kagonye_22_sw-221">[218]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English language">English</a> was the only official language until the constitution was amended in 2005.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222">[219]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-141">[138]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Amendment_2005-78">[75]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Republic-1">[1]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223">[220]</a> Although Swahili has not been favoured by the Bantu-speaking populations of the south and south-west of the country, it is an important <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_franca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> in the northern regions. It is also widely used in the police and military forces, which may be a historical result of the disproportionate recruitment of northerners into the security forces during the colonial period. The status of Swahili has thus alternated with the political group in power.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UCLA-224">[221]</a> For example, Idi Amin, who came from the north-west, declared Swahili to be the national language.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion in Uganda">Religion in Uganda</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg/220px-Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg/220px-Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg/330px-Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg/440px-Rubaga_Cthedral.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rubaga_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rubaga Cathedral">Saint Mary's Cathedral Rubaga</a> is the parent cathedral of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_the_Gaddafi_mosque_in_Uganda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Uganda National mosque (Gaddafi mosque) </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Uganda">Roman Catholic Church</a> had the largest number of adherents (39.3 percent, down from 41.6 in 2002), followed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglicanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of Uganda">Church of Uganda</a> (32 percent, down from 35.9 percent). The category of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentecostal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born-Again?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Born-Again">Born-Again</a> showed the most growth, rising from 4.7% in 2002 to 11.1% in 2018. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adventism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adventism">Adventist</a> and other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches claimed most of the remaining Christians, although there was also a small <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> community.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2014-226">[223]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2002-227">[224]</a> The next most reported religion of Uganda was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam in Uganda">Islam</a>, with Muslims representing 14% percent of the population, up from 12.1% in 2002.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228">[225]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2014-226">[223]</a> The remainder of the population according to the 2014 census followed traditional religions (0.1 percent, down from 1% in 2002), other religions (1.4 percent), or had no religious affiliation (0.2 percent).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Census_2014-226">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Largest_cities_and_towns">Largest cities and towns</h3> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"> <div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em">   </div> <div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em">   </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"> Largest urban centres in Uganda <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Bureau of Statistics">Uganda Bureau of Statistics</a> 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%2520National%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf">National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Main Report</a>, p. 11 </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th>Rank</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Uganda">Name</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Districts of Uganda">District</a></th> <th>Pop.</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampala District">Kampala</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,507,114</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nansana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nansana">Nansana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wakiso_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wakiso District">Wakiso</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">365,857</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kira_Town?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kira Town">Kira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wakiso_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wakiso District">Wakiso</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">317,428</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ssabagabo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ssabagabo">Makindye Ssabagabo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wakiso_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wakiso District">Wakiso</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">282,664</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mbarara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mbarara">Mbarara</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mbarara_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbarara District">Mbarara</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">195,160</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mukono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukono">Mukono</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mukono_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mukono District">Mukono</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">162,744</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulu">Gulu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gulu_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gulu District">Gulu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">149,802</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lugazi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lugazi">Lugazi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buikwe_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buikwe District">Buikwe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">114,163</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasese">Kasese</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasese_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasese District">Kasese</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,293</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masaka">Masaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masaka_District?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masaka District">Masaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,557</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture of Uganda">Culture of Uganda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Music_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Music of Uganda">Music of Uganda</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan cuisine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_African_writers_(by_country)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African writers (by country)">List of African writers (by country) § Uganda</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Ugandans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Ugandans">List of Ugandans</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_(7269658432).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/220px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="2267"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/220px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/330px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/440px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Cultural celebrations in Northern Uganda </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg/170px-Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 256px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg/170px-Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="256" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg/255px-Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg/340px-Uganda_-_Ruwenzori_Mountain_Lady.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Woman in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori</a> – Western Uganda </figcaption> </figure> Owing to the large number of communities, culture within Uganda is diverse. Many Asians (mostly from India) who were expelled during the regime of Idi Amin have returned to Uganda.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Media">Media</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mass_media_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mass media in Uganda">Mass media in Uganda</a> </div> Uganda has a number of media outlets that broadcast domestically and globally. They cover news, magazines, sports, business and entertainment. Popular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of newspapers in Uganda">Ugandan newspapers</a> include: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Vision_(newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New Vision (newspaper)">New Vision</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daily_Monitor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daily Monitor">Daily Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bukedde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bukedde">Bukedde</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Observer_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Observer (Uganda)">The Observer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_Business_Week?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East African Business Week">East African Business Week</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Pepper_(newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Pepper (newspaper)">Red Pepper</a></li> </ul> The most popular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of television stations in Uganda">television stations in Uganda</a> include: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Broadcasting Corporation">Uganda Broadcasting Corporation</a> (UBC)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NTV_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NTV Uganda">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NBS_Television_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NBS Television (Uganda)">NBS Television</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanyuka_TV_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanyuka TV Uganda">Sanyuka TV</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baba_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba TV">Baba TV</a></li> <li>Top TV</li> <li>Spark TV</li> </ul> All of the media is controlled and regulated under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Communications_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Communications Commission">Uganda Communications Commission</a> (UCC).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230">[227]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda at the Olympics">Uganda at the Olympics</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda at the Commonwealth Games">Uganda at the Commonwealth Games</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aerobics.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerobics.jpg/220px-Aerobics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2683"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerobics.jpg/220px-Aerobics.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerobics.jpg/330px-Aerobics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Aerobics.jpg/440px-Aerobics.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Aerobics </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association football">Football</a> is the national sport in Uganda. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_national_football_team?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda national football team">Uganda national football team</a>, nicknamed "The Cranes", is controlled by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federation_of_Uganda_Football_Associations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federation of Uganda Football Associations">Federation of Uganda Football Associations</a>. They have never qualified for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> finals. Their best finish in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African_Cup_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="African Cup of Nations">African Cup of Nations</a> was second in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1978_African_Cup_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1978 African Cup of Nations">1978</a>. Among clubs, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SC_Villa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SC Villa">SC Villa</a> are the most successful, having won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_Premier_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda Premier League">national league</a> 16 times and having reached the final of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CAF_Champions_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CAF Champions League">African Cup of Champions Clubs</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1991_African_Cup_of_Champions_Clubs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1991 African Cup of Champions Clubs">1991</a>, a feat also achieved by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simba_SC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba SC">Simba SC</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972_African_Cup_of_Champions_Clubs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972 African Cup of Champions Clubs">1972</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kampala Capital City Authority FC">KCCA</a> are second in national league wins with 13.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda at the Olympics">Uganda at the Olympics</a> has won a total of two gold, three silver, and two bronze medals; four of which were in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boxing_at_the_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boxing at the Summer Olympics">boxing</a> and three in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sport_of_athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_at_the_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda at the Commonwealth Games">At the Commonwealth Games</a>, Uganda has collected 13 gold medals and a total 49 medals, all in boxing and athletics. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg/220px-Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="285"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 114px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg/220px-Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="114" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg/330px-Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg/440px-Picture_._Jpg_besketboll.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Basketball </figcaption> </figure> The Uganda national boxing team is called The Bombers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232">[229]</a> They have won four medals at the Summer Olympics from 1968 to 1980, as well as two medals the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_World_Amateur_Boxing_Championships?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974 World Amateur Boxing Championships">1974 World Amateur Boxing Championships</a>. Notable boxers include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornelius_Boza-Edwards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornelius Boza-Edwards">Cornelius Boza-Edwards</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Juuko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justin Juuko">Justin Juuko</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ayub_Kalule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ayub Kalule">Ayub Kalule</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Mugabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Mugabi">John Mugabi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eridadi_Mukwanga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eridadi Mukwanga">Eridadi Mukwanga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Nsubuga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Nsubuga (page does not exist)">Joseph Nsubuga</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kassim_Ouma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kassim Ouma">Kassim Ouma</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sam_Rukundo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sam Rukundo">Sam Rukundo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Rwabwogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Rwabwogo">Leo Rwabwogo</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg/220px-Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg/330px-Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg/440px-Football_Match_in_Uganda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Football match in Uganda </figcaption> </figure> In athletics, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Akii-Bua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Akii-Bua">John Akii-Bua</a> won the first Olympic gold medal for Uganda. At the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> in Munich, he won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/400_metres_hurdles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="400 metres hurdles">400m hurdles</a> race with a world record time of 47.82 seconds.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-233">[230]</a> 400 metres runner <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Davis_Kamoga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Davis Kamoga">Davis Kamoga</a> earned the bronze medal at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a> in Atlanta and the silver medal at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1997 World Championships in Athletics">1997 World Championships</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorcus_Inzikuru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorcus Inzikuru">Dorcus Inzikuru</a> won the 3000 m steeplechase at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005 World Championships in Athletics">2005 World Championships</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006 Commonwealth Games">2006 Commonwealth Games</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephen_Kiprotich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephen Kiprotich">Stephen Kiprotich</a> has won the marathon at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a> in London and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013 World Championships in Athletics">2013 World Championships</a>, and finished second at the 2015 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Marathon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Marathon">Tokyo Marathon</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234">[231]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joshua_Cheptegei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joshua Cheptegei">Joshua Cheptegei</a> has won 10 km races at the World Championships, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Athletics_Cross_Country_Championships?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Athletics Cross Country Championships">World Athletics Cross Country Championships</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>, and has set world records in 5 km and 15 km. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halimah_Nakaayi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halimah Nakaayi">Halimah Nakaayi</a> won the 800 meters race at the 2019 World Championships. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, Uganda was part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_African_cricket_team?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="East African cricket team">East Africa team</a> that qualified for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975_Cricket_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975 Cricket World Cup">1975</a>. Recently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_national_cricket_team?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uganda national cricket team">Uganda national cricket team</a> qualified for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_ICC_Men%27s_T20_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup">2024 ICC T20 World Cup</a>. The country has an increasingly successful <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda_national_basketball_team?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda national basketball team">national basketball team</a>. It is nicknamed "The Silverbacks",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235">[232]</a> and made its debut at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_FIBA_Africa_Championship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 FIBA Africa Championship">2015 FIBA Africa Championship</a>. In July 2011, Kampala, Uganda qualified for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011_Little_League_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011 Little League World Series">2011 Little League World Series</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Williamsport, Pennsylvania">Williamsport</a>, Pennsylvania for the first time, beating Saudi Arabian baseball team Dharan LL, although visa complications prevented them from attending the series.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-236">[233]</a> Little League teams from Uganda qualified for and attended the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012_Little_League_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012 Little League World Series">2012 Little League World Series</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinema of Uganda">Cinema of Uganda</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2020) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The Ugandan film industry is relatively young. It is developing quickly, but still faces an assortment of challenges. There has been support for the industry as seen in the proliferation of film festivals such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amakula_International_Film_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amakula International Film Festival">Amakula</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pearl_International_Film_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pearl International Film Festival">Pearl International Film Festival</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maisha_Film_Lab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maisha Film Lab">Maisha</a> African Film Festival and Manya Human Rights Festival. However, filmmakers struggle against the competing markets from other countries on the continent such as those in Nigeria and South Africa in addition to the big budget films from Hollywood.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cannesvupar.com-238">[235]</a> The first publicly recognised film that was produced solely by Ugandans was Feelings Struggle, which was directed and written by Hajji <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashraf_Ssemwogerere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashraf Ssemwogerere">Ashraf Ssemwogerere</a> in 2005.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239">[236]</a> This marks the year of ascent of film in Uganda, a time where many enthusiasts were proud to classify themselves as cinematographers in varied capacities.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-monitor.co.ug-240">[237]</a> The local film industry is polarised between two types of filmmakers. The first are filmmakers who use the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nollywood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nollywood">Nollywood</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Video_film_era?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Video film era">video film era</a>'s guerrilla approach to film making, churning out a picture in around two weeks and screening it in makeshift video halls. The second is the filmmaker who has the film aesthetic, but with limited funds has to depend on the competitive scramble for donor cash.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cannesvupar.com-238">[235]</a> Though cinema in Uganda is evolving, it still faces major challenges. Along with technical problems such as refining acting and editing skills, there are issues regarding funding and lack of government support and investment. There are no schools in the country dedicated to film, banks do not extend credit to film ventures, and distribution and marketing of movies remains poor.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cannesvupar.com-238">[235]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-monitor.co.ug-240">[237]</a> The Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) is preparing regulations starting in 2014 that require Ugandan television to broadcast 70 percent Ugandan content and of this, 40 percent to be independent productions. With the emphasis on Ugandan film and the UCC regulations favouring Ugandan productions for mainstream television, Ugandan film may become more prominent and successful in the near future.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-monitor.co.ug-240">[237]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/32px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/32px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/48px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/64px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Uganda">Uganda portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Index_of_Uganda-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Index of Uganda-related articles">Index of Uganda-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outline_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outline of Uganda">Outline of Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_stations_in_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Railway stations in Uganda">Railway stations in Uganda</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NativeName-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NativeName_6-0">^</a> Article 4(a) of the Constitution requires the state to promote public awareness through translating it into Ugandan languages and disseminating it as widely as possible<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> Yuganda in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Languages_of_Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Languages of Uganda">Ugandan languages</a></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swahili_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: Jamhuri ya Uganda</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Republic-1">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Republic_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Republic_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://statehouse.go.ug/sites/default/files/attachments/Constitution_1995.pdf">"Uganda Constitution"</a> (PDF). The State House of Uganda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312040325/https://statehouse.go.ug/sites/default/files/attachments/Constitution_1995.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+State+House+of+Uganda&rft.atitle=Uganda+Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatehouse.go.ug%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2FConstitution_1995.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LugandaConstitution-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LugandaConstitution_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620192731/https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Luganda.pdf">"Constitution in Luganda"</a> (PDF). Uganda Law Reform Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Luganda.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uganda+Law+Reform+Commission&rft.atitle=Constitution+in+Luganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulrc.go.ug%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FConstitution%2520in%2520Luganda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LusogaConstitution-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LusogaConstitution_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618144730/https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Lusoga.pdf">"Constitution in Lusoga"</a> (PDF). Uganda Law Reform Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Lusoga.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uganda+Law+Reform+Commission&rft.atitle=Constitution+in+Lusoga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulrc.go.ug%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FConstitution%2520in%2520Lusoga.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LumasabaConstitution-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LumasabaConstitution_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620232008/https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Lumasaba.pdf">"Constitution in Lumasaba"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ulrc.go.ug/sites/default/files/Constitution%2520in%2520Lumasaba.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+in+Lumasaba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulrc.go.ug%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FConstitution%2520in%2520Lumasaba.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320002048/https://www.ulrc.go.ug/content/ugandan-constitution-translated-different-local-languages">"Ugandan Constitution translated in different Local Languages"</a>. Uganda Law Reform Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ulrc.go.ug/content/ugandan-constitution-translated-different-local-languages">the original</a> on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uganda+Law+Reform+Commission&rft.atitle=Ugandan+Constitution+translated+in+different+Local+Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulrc.go.ug%2Fcontent%2Fugandan-constitution-translated-different-local-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda">"Uganda"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a> (2025 ed.). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Retrieved 22 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Uganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fuganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2023.zip">(Archived 2023 edition.)</a></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Uganda2024" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/National-Population-and-Housing-Census-2024-Final-Report-Volume-1-Main.pdf">National Population and Housing Census 2024: Final Report, Volume 1</a> (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. December 2024. p. 33. Retrieved 1 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2024%3A+Final+Report%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Uganda+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2024-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F12%2FNational-Population-and-Housing-Census-2024-Final-Report-Volume-1-Main.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"> Other Christian combines Jehovah's Witnesses and Orthodox Christian; Other religions has traditional folded in; Unclassified are non-household populations where religious information was not collected</li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.UG-9">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.UG_9-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.UG_9-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.UG_9-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IMFWEO.UG_9-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c%3D746,%26s%3DNGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Uganda)"</a>. IMF.org. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030045045/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c%3D746,%26s%3DNGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Uganda%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D746%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wb-gini_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations%3DUG">"Gini index (World Bank estimate)"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118033920/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations%3DUG">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DUG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HDI_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319085123/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-24_HDR%2FHDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-How_this_African_kingdom_performed_its_cesarean_section_in_1879-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-How_this_African_kingdom_performed_its_cesarean_section_in_1879_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-this-african-kingdom-performed-its-first-cesarean-section-in-1879">"How this African kingdom performed its first cesarean section in 1879"</a>. Face2Face Africa. 3 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407052810/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-this-african-kingdom-performed-its-first-cesarean-section-in-1879">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+this+African+kingdom+performed+its+first+cesarean+section+in+1879&rft.pub=Face2Face+Africa&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fface2faceafrica.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-this-african-kingdom-performed-its-first-cesarean-section-in-1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1999" class="citation journal cs1">Dunn, Peter M. (1 May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720922">"Robert Felkin MD (1853–1926) and Caesarean delivery in Central Africa (1879)"</a>. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 80 (3): F250 – F251. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1136%252Ffn.80.3.F250">10.1136/fn.80.3.F250</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-2998">1359-2998</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720922">1720922</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10212095">10212095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood+-+Fetal+and+Neonatal+Edition&rft.atitle=Robert+Felkin+MD+%281853%E2%80%931926%29+and+Caesarean+delivery+in+Central+Africa+%281879%29&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EF250+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EF251%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1999-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1720922%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1359-2998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10212095&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Ffn.80.3.F250&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1720922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenbrun1993" class="citation journal cs1">Schoenbrun, David L. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030">"We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes"</a>. The Journal of African History. 34 (1): 1–31. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0021853700032989">10.1017/S0021853700032989</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030">183030</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162660041">162660041</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328154318/https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=We+Are+What+We+Eat%3A+Ancient+Agriculture+between+the+Great+Lakes&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0021-8537&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162660041%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F183030%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700032989&rft.aulast=Schoenbrun&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F183030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMwakikagile2009" class="citation book cs1">Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuZFrWECQ-PgC%26q%3Dbachwezi%2Bempire%26pg%3DPA87">Ethnicity and National Identity in Uganda: The Land and Its People</a>. New Africa Press. p. 87. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789987930876?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9789987930876"><bdi>9789987930876</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417215009/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuZFrWECQ-PgC%26q%3Dbachwezi%2Bempire%26pg%3DPA87">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity+and+National+Identity+in+Uganda%3A+The+Land+and+Its+People&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=New+Africa+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789987930876&rft.aulast=Mwakikagile&rft.aufirst=Godfrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuZFrWECQ-PgC%26q%3Dbachwezi%2Bempire%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Mwambutsya-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mwambutsya_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMwambutsya,_Ndebesa1990–1991" class="citation journal cs1">Mwambutsya, Ndebesa (June 1990 – January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131112357/http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm">"Pre-capitalist Social Formation: The Case of the Banyankole of Southwestern Uganda"</a>. Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review. 6 (2, 7 no. 1): 78–95. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm">the original</a> on 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eastern+Africa+Social+Science+Research+Review&rft.atitle=Pre-capitalist+Social+Formation%3A+The+Case+of+the+Banyankole+of+Southwestern+Uganda&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2%2C+7+no.+1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.date=1990-06%2F1991-01&rft.au=Mwambutsya%2C+Ndebesa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ossrea.net%2Feassrr%2Fjan91%2Fmwambuts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-babito-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-babito_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210003812/http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm%23The%2520Babiito">"Origins of Bunyoro-Kitara Kings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm">the original</a> on 10 December 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Bunyoro-Kitara+Kings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunyoro-kitara.com%2Fhistory2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988">, bunyoro-kitara.com.</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00080855/00026/28j">"The Uganda journal"</a>. ufdc.ufl.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417220229/https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00080855/00026/28j">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ufdc.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=The+Uganda+journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdc.ufl.edu%2FUF00080855%2F00026%2F28j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00080855/00029/9j">"The Uganda journal"</a>. ufdc.ufl.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213343/https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00080855/00029/9j">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ufdc.ufl.edu&rft.atitle=The+Uganda+journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fufdc.ufl.edu%2FUF00080855%2F00029%2F9j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Baker_1879-22">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baker_1879_22-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baker_1879_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1879" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Samuel White (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.org/details/ismailianarrativ00bake">Ismailia; a narrative of the expedition to Central Africa for the suppression of the slave trade, organized by Ismail, Khedive of Egypt</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ismailia%3B+a+narrative+of+the+expedition+to+Central+Africa+for+the+suppression+of+the+slave+trade%2C+organized+by+Ismail%2C+Khedive+of+Egypt&rft.pub=London%2C+Macmillan&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Samuel+White&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fismailianarrativ00bake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stanley_23-0">^</a> Stanley, H. M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. 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Bureau of African Affairs, United States Department of State. November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128192054/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2963.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Uganda&rft.pub=Bureau+of+African+Affairs%2C+United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2963.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Snakes-25">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Snakes_25-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Snakes_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulford2011" class="citation book cs1">Pulford, Cedric (2011). Two Kingdoms of Uganda: Snakes and Ladders in the Scramble for Africa. 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Economic and Political Weekly. 19 (27): 1046–1054. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9976">0012-9976</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4373383">4373383</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331153027/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4373383">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2023. 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Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzdl.org&rft.atitle=A+Thousand+Years+of+Bunyoro-Kitara+Kingdom+-+The+People+and+the+Rulers+%28Fountain+Publishers%2C+1994%2C+153+p.%29%3A+Appendix+III%3A+The+Bunyoro+Agreement+1955&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzdl.org%2Fgsdlmod%3Fe%3Dd-00000-00---off-0unescoen--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00%26cl%3DCL1.10%26d%3DHASHc3697d0c37be5024d365b7.14%26x%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFjoz2015" class="citation web cs1">joz, Jaynnielaw (22 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/">"The Wars of Religion 1888-1892"</a>. DISCOVER UGANDA, TOUR UGANDA, VOLUNTEER UGANDA & SERVE UGANDA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129063759/https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DISCOVER+UGANDA%2C+TOUR+UGANDA%2C+VOLUNTEER+UGANDA+%26+SERVE+UGANDA&rft.atitle=The+Wars+of+Religion+1888-1892&rft.date=2015-03-22&rft.aulast=joz&rft.aufirst=Jaynnielaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fv2040rc.wordpress.com%2Fuganda-country-facts%2Feducation-cultural-transformation%2Fthe-wars-of-religion-1888-1892%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietzStudiecentrum2017" class="citation web cs1">Dietz, A. J.; Studiecentrum, Afrika (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/52081">"Uganda Protectorate 1895-1902"</a>. African Postal Heritage (APH) papers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331012511/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/52081">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Postal+Heritage+%28APH%29+papers&rft.atitle=Uganda+Protectorate+1895-1902&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft.au=Studiecentrum%2C+Afrika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F52081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2000" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Ruth (24 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/762515.stm">"Kenya's Asian heritage on display"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928151943/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/762515.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenya%27s+Asian+heritage+on+display&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2000-05-24&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F762515.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChao2014" class="citation web cs1">Chao (26 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422095958/http://www.theeagora.com/the-lunatic-express-a-photo-essay-on-the-uganda-railway/">"THE LUNATIC EXPRESS – A PHOTO ESSAY ON THE UGANDA RAILWAY"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thee_Agora&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thee Agora (page does not exist)">Thee Agora</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theeagora.com/the-lunatic-express-a-photo-essay-on-the-uganda-railway/">the original</a> on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+LUNATIC+EXPRESS+%E2%80%93+A+PHOTO+ESSAY+ON+THE+UGANDA+RAILWAY.&rft.pub=Thee+Agora&rft.date=2014-10-26&rft.au=Chao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theeagora.com%2Fthe-lunatic-express-a-photo-essay-on-the-uganda-railway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2012" class="citation web cs1">West, Stewart (February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230140/http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/ferguson-centre/working-papers/working-paper-draft-3-stewart-west.pdf">"Policing, Colonial Life and Decolonisation in Uganda, 1957–1960"</a> (PDF). The Ferguson Centre for African and Asian Studies, Working Paper No. 03. pp. 3–4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/ferguson-centre/working-papers/working-paper-draft-3-stewart-west.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policing%2C+Colonial+Life+and+Decolonisation+in+Uganda%2C+1957%E2%80%931960&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=The+Ferguson+Centre+for+African+and+Asian+Studies%2C+Working+Paper+No.+03&rft.date=2012-02&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.ac.uk%2FArts%2Fferguson-centre%2Fworking-papers%2Fworking-paper-draft-3-stewart-west.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFèvreColemanWelburnMaudlin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fèvre, E. M.; Coleman, P. G.; Welburn, S. C.; Maudlin, I. (April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3201%252Feid1004.020626">"Reanalyzing the 1900–1920 Sleeping Sickness Epidemic in Uganda"</a>. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (4). US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 567–573. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3201%252Feid1004.020626">10.3201/eid1004.020626</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15200843">15200843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Reanalyzing+the+1900%E2%80%931920+Sleeping+Sickness+Epidemic+in+Uganda&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E567-%3C%2Fspan%3E573&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid1004.020626&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15200843&rft.aulast=F%C3%A8vre&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+P.+G.&rft.au=Welburn%2C+S.+C.&rft.au=Maudlin%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3201%252Feid1004.020626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220164706/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D3">"History of Parliament"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D3">the original</a> on 20 February 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.go.ug%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D4%26Itemid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"> (Website of the Parliament of Uganda)</li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm">"Buganda Kingdom: The Uganda Crisis, 1966"</a>. Buganda.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324164117/http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buganda+Kingdom%3A+The+Uganda+Crisis%2C+1966&rft.pub=Buganda.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buganda.com%2Fcrisis66.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1964" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, J. M. (January 1964). "Uganda's first year of Independence". The Political Quarterly. 35 (1): 35–45. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1467-923X.1964.tb01966.x">10.1111/j.1467-923X.1964.tb01966.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Political+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Uganda%27s+first+year+of+Independence&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=1964-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-923X.1964.tb01966.x&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1979" class="citation book cs1">Young, Crawford (1979). The politics of cultural pluralism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 248–250. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299067441?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780299067441"><bdi>9780299067441</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politics+of+cultural+pluralism&rft.place=Madison&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E248-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780299067441&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Crawford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMutibwa1992" class="citation book cs1">Mutibwa, Phares (1992). Uganda since independence, a story of unfulfilled hopes. 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B. K. (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. Montreal: McGill-Queens's University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773512184?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780773512184"><bdi>9780773512184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=McGill-Queens%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780773512184&rft.aulast=Kasozi&rft.aufirst=A.+B.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBade1996" class="citation book cs1">Bade, Albert (1996). Benedicto Kiwanuka : the man and his politics. Kampala: Fountain Publ. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9970020089?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-9970020089"><bdi>978-9970020089</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Benedicto+Kiwanuka+%3A+the+man+and+his+politics&rft.place=Kampala&rft.pub=Fountain+Publ.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9970020089&rft.aulast=Bade&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiment2006" class="citation book cs1">Ciment, James (2006). Encyclopedia of conflicts since World War II (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. p. 311. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765680051?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780765680051"><bdi>9780765680051</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+conflicts+since+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pages=311&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780765680051&rft.aulast=Ciment&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Kasozi63-47">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kasozi63_47-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kasozi63_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. p. 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Kasozi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYSa7Wxuw50YC%26pg%3DPA71">The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985</a>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 71. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773512184?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780773512184"><bdi>9780773512184</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417204140/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYSa7Wxuw50YC%26pg%3DPA71">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780773512184&rft.au=Kasozi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSa7Wxuw50YC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Kasozi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamwaka2016" class="citation book cs1">Lamwaka, Caroline (2016). The Raging Storm: A Reporter's Inside Account of the Northern Uganda War, 1986–2005. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9970252213?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-9970252213"><bdi>978-9970252213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Raging+Storm%3A+A+Reporter%27s+Inside+Account+of+the+Northern+Uganda+War%2C+1986%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Kampala&rft.pub=Fountain+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9970252213&rft.aulast=Lamwaka&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Otunnu-51">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Otunnu_51-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Otunnu_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtunnu2016" class="citation book cs1">Otunnu, Ogenga (2016). Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319331553?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319331553"><bdi>978-3319331553</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+of+Legitimacy+and+Political+Violence+in+Uganda%2C+1890+to+1979&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3319331553&rft.aulast=Otunnu&rft.aufirst=Ogenga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=83&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Kasozi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-LRA-MR-53">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LRA-MR_53-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LRA-MR_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenVlassenroot2010" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Tim; Vlassenroot, Koen (2010). The Lord's Resistance Army: myth and reality. London: Zed. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848135635?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781848135635"><bdi>9781848135635</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lord%27s+Resistance+Army%3A+myth+and+reality&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Zed&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781848135635&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Vlassenroot%2C+Koen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomerville2017" class="citation book cs1">Somerville, Keith (2017). Ivory: Power and Poaching in Africa. London: Hurst. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849046763?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781849046763"><bdi>9781849046763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivory%3A+Power+and+Poaching+in+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849046763&rft.aulast=Somerville&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Kasozi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasozi1994" class="citation book cs1">Kasozi (1994). The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+origins+of+violence+in+Uganda%2C+1964%E2%80%931985&rft.pages=85&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Kasozi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-loc-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-loc_57-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html">"A Country Study: Uganda"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627004743/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html">Archived</a> 27 June 2015 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Library_of_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Country Studies</li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeatley2003" class="citation news cs1">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries">"Obituary: Idi Amin"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727231321/http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Idi+Amin&rft.date=2003-08-18&rft.aulast=Keatley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Faug%2F18%2Fguardianobituaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html">"UK Indians taking care of business"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119151852/http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html">Archived</a> 19 January 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Age (8 March 2006). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm">"1976: Israelis rescue Entebbe hostages"</a>. BBC News. 4 July 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023233100/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1976%3A+Israelis+rescue+Entebbe+hostages&rft.date=1976-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjuly%2F4%2Fnewsid_2786000%2F2786967.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda">Court orders Uganda to pay Congo damages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143450/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda">Archived</a> 2 January 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 20 December 2005</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid201775-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReid201775_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFReid2017">Reid 2017</a>, p. 75. sfn error: no target: CITEREFReid2017 (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> "'New-Breed' Leadership, Conflict, and Reconstruction in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: A Sociopolitical Biography of Uganda's Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Joseph Oloka-Onyango," Africa Today – Volume 50, Number 3, Spring 2004, p. 29</li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/23/no-end-lra-killings-and-abductions">"No End to LRA Killings and Abductions"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 23 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728162000/https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/23/no-end-lra-killings-and-abductions">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+End+to+LRA+Killings+and+Abductions&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2F23%2Fno-end-lra-killings-and-abductions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/23/uganda-term-limits-bill-grandfathers-museveni/">"Uganda term-limits bill grandfathers Museveni"</a>. The Washington Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227180913/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/23/uganda-term-limits-bill-grandfathers-museveni/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Uganda+term-limits+bill+grandfathers+Museveni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fapr%2F23%2Fuganda-term-limits-bill-grandfathers-museveni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eueom.eu/files/pressreleases/english/press_release_preliminarystatement_uganda_20_february_en.pdf">"Uganda 2011 Elections"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uganda+2011+Elections&rft.pub=European+Union+Election+Observation+Mission&rft.date=2011-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eueom.eu%2Ffiles%2Fpressreleases%2Fenglish%2Fpress_release_preliminarystatement_uganda_20_february_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a> Roberts, Scott (13 November 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/13/hacktivists-target-ugandas-anti-gay-lawmakers/">Hacktivists target Ugandan lawmakers over anti-gay bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115235902/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/13/hacktivists-target-ugandas-anti-gay-lawmakers/">Archived</a> 15 November 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. pinknews.co.uk</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a> Roberts, Scott (14 November 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/">Pressure on Uganda builds over anti-gay law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115234405/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/">Archived</a> 15 November 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. pinknews.co.uk</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> Article 19. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/37201/en/uganda:-public-order-management-bill">Uganda: Public Order Management Bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016144056/https://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/37201/en/uganda:-public-order-management-bill">Archived</a> 16 October 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> Masereka, Alex. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/m7-okays-public-order-bill/">M7 Okays Public Order Bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062551/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/m7-okays-public-order-bill/">Archived</a> 23 October 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Red Pepper.</li> <li id="cite_note-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report-71">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report_71-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report_71-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Uganda_2012_Human_Rights_Report_71-2">c</a> United States Department of State (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor). (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/204390.pdf">Uganda 2012 Human Rights Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326170131/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/204390.pdf">Archived</a> 26 March 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> Natabaalo, Grace. (2013). Ugandan Police Shutdown Papers Over 'Plot'. Al Jazeera.</li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929074232/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda">"Uganda"</a>. freedomhouse.org. 30 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda">the original</a> on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Uganda&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-world%2F2019%2Fuganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583">"Uganda election: Bobi Wine challenges result in court | DW | 01.02.2021"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301143714/https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Uganda+election%3A+Bobi+Wine+challenges+result+in+court+%26%23124%3B+DW+%26%23124%3B+01.02.2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fuganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court%2Fa-56405583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887">"Uganda elections 2021: Museveni takes lead as Bobi Wine cries foul"</a>. BBC News. 16 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310035143/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Uganda+elections+2021%3A+Museveni+takes+lead+as+Bobi+Wine+cries+foul&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-55675887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndependent2021" class="citation web cs1">Independent, The (9 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/">"Presidential candidate John Katumba publishes his memoir"</a>. The Independent Uganda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701070601/https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Uganda&rft.atitle=Presidential+candidate+John+Katumba+publishes+his+memoir&rft.date=2021-01-09&rft.aulast=Independent&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.ug%2Fpresidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLccRAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJamhuri%2Bya%2BUganda%2Bswahili%26pg%3DPA745">Britannica Book of the Year 2014</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 1 March 2014. p. 745. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62513-171-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62513-171-3"><bdi>978-1-62513-171-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227190929/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLccRAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJamhuri%2Bya%2BUganda%2Bswahili%26pg%3DPA745">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Book+of+the+Year+2014&rft.pages=745&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.isbn=978-1-62513-171-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLccRAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJamhuri%2Bya%2BUganda%2Bswahili%26pg%3DPA745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Amendment_2005-78">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Amendment_2005_78-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Amendment_2005_78-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Amendment_2005_78-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_the_Republic_of_Uganda2005" class="citation web cs1">Parliament of the Republic of Uganda (26 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/views/87694c9d-0255-4d29-bf41-d89407bfc287%25253B1.0">"Constitutional Amendment Act 2005"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 August 2020. <q>§I.3:6.(2): Swahili shall be the second official language in Uganda to be used in such circumstances as Parliament may by law prescribe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament.go.ug&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Amendment+Act+2005&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft.au=Parliament+of+the+Republic+of+Uganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.go.ug%2Fcmis%2Fviews%2F87694c9d-0255-4d29-bf41-d89407bfc287%25253B1.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-DataBasin-79">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DataBasin_79-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DataBasin_79-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DataBasin_79-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://databasin.org/maps/new%23datasets%3D878c064ec5d8440493f9924f90b58af1">"Maps"</a>. 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html">NGO Law Monitor: Uganda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191439/http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html">Archived</a> 29 October 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chimpreports.com/scandal-leaked-document-exposes-hidden-secrets-in-opm/">"Scandal: Leaked Document Exposes Hidden Secrets in OPM"</a>. 15 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scandal%3A+Leaked+Document+Exposes+Hidden+Secrets+in+OPM&rft.date=2024-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchimpreports.com%2Fscandal-leaked-document-exposes-hidden-secrets-in-opm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525014006/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jjDmW-YliFMFYnBOvy5bwN3-Ggtg">"AFP: Attacks of 'appalling brutality' in DR Congo: UN"</a>. 10 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jjDmW-YliFMFYnBOvy5bwN3-Ggtg">the original</a> on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFP%3A+Attacks+of+%27appalling+brutality%27+in+DR+Congo%3A+UN&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jjDmW-YliFMFYnBOvy5bwN3-Ggtg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-hrw1-99"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hrw1_99-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/12/19/uganda12321.htm">"Uganda: Respect Opposition Right to Campaign"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929140756/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/12/19/uganda12321.htm">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, 19 December 2005</li> <li id="cite_note-unhcr.org-100">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unhcr.org_100-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unhcr.org_100-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unhcr.org_100-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unhcr.org_100-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unhcr.org_100-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219212950/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,USDOL,,UGA,4e8c3993d,0.html">Refworld |2010 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Uganda</a>. UNHCR (3 October 2011). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-World_Refugee_Survey_2008-101"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-World_Refugee_Survey_2008_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226131331/http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id%3D2114%26subm%3D179%26area%3DInvestigate">"World Refugee Survey 2008"</a>. U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id%3D2114%26subm%3D179%26area%3DInvestigate">the original</a> on 26 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+Refugee+Survey+2008&rft.date=2008-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refugees.org%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D2114%26subm%3D179%26area%3DInvestigate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a> Human Rights Watch. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda">World Report 2013 (Uganda)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701082641/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda">Archived</a> 1 July 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311201758/http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Africa/Uganda">"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Africa/Uganda">the original</a> on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lesbian%2C+gay%2C+bisexual+and+transgender+people&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthereport.amnesty.org%2Feng%2FRegions%2FAfrica%2FUganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988">, Amnesty International Report 2007 Uganda.</li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Guardian_104-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/21/ugandan-paper-gay-people-hanged">"Ugandan paper calls for gay people to be hanged"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811170441/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/21/ugandan-paper-gay-people-hanged">Archived</a> 11 August 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Xan Rice, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 21 October 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/ugandan-gay-rights-activist-%25E2%2580%2598i-have-watch-my-back-more-ever%25E2%2580%2599-2010-11-05">"Ugandan gay rights activist: 'I have to watch my back more than ever'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204151737/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/ugandan-gay-rights-activist-%25E2%2580%2598i-have-watch-my-back-more-ever%25E2%2580%2599-2010-11-05">Archived</a> 4 December 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 5 November 2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.npwj.org/Other/Uganda-Stop-homophobic-campaign-launched-Rolling-Stone-tabloid.html-0">"Uganda: Stop homophobic campaign launched by Rolling Stone tabloid"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101102044/http://www.npwj.org/Other/Uganda-Stop-homophobic-campaign-launched-Rolling-Stone-tabloid.html-0">Archived</a> 1 January 2011 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 14 October 2010, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_Peace_Without_Justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="No Peace Without Justice">No Peace Without Justice</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-ILGA-107"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ILGA_107-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/mE8jac21Q7">"Uganda Newspaper Published Names/Photos of LGBT Activists and HRDs – Cover Says 'Hang Them'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201032313/http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/mE8jac21Q7">Archived</a> 1 February 2011 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Independent-108"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Independent_108-0">^</a> Akam, Simon (22 October 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/outcry-as-ugandan-paper-names-top-homosexuals-2113348.html">"Outcry as Ugandan paper names 'top homosexuals'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927052258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/outcry-as-ugandan-paper-names-top-homosexuals-2113348.html">Archived</a> 27 September 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Independent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-109"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_109-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12295718">"Uganda gay rights activist David Kato killed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006175942/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12295718">Archived</a> 6 October 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 27 January 2011, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Harpers2010-110"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Harpers2010_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharlet2010" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeff_Sharlet_(writer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeff Sharlet (writer)">Sharlet, Jeff</a> (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206102551/http://www.harpers.org/archive/2010/09/0083101">"Straight Man's Burden: The American roots of Uganda's anti-gay persecutions"</a>. Harper's Magazine. Vol. 321, no. 1, 924. pp. 36–48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.harpers.org/archive/2010/09/0083101">the original</a> on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Straight+Man%27s+Burden%3A+The+American+roots+of+Uganda%27s+anti-gay+persecutions&rft.volume=321&rft.issue=1%2C+924&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2010-09&rft.aulast=Sharlet&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpers.org%2Farchive%2F2010%2F09%2F0083101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">^</a> Brocklebank, Christopher (15 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/08/15/anonymous-hack-into-ugandan-government-websites-in-protest-at-their-anti-lgbt-policies/">Anonymous hack into Ugandan government websites in protest at their anti-LGBT policies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024143334/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/08/15/anonymous-hack-into-ugandan-government-websites-in-protest-at-their-anti-lgbt-policies/">Archived</a> 24 October 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pinknews.co.uk.</li> <li id="cite_note-WorldBankPostponesLOan-112"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WorldBankPostponesLOan_112-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ugandanews.net/index.php/sid/220274118/scat/faaba65027d16d8c/ht/Ugandas-anti-gay-law-prompts-World-Bank-to-postpone-90mn-loan">"Uganda's anti-gay law prompts World Bank to postpone $90mn loan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029215342/http://www.ugandanews.net/index.php/sid/220274118/scat/faaba65027d16d8c/ht/Ugandas-anti-gay-law-prompts-World-Bank-to-postpone-90mn-loan">Archived</a> 29 October 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Uganda News.Net, 28 February 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/31/uganda-anti-gay-law-constitutional-court">"Uganda anti-gay law challenged in court"</a>. The Guardian. AFP. 31 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731171411/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/31/uganda-anti-gay-law-constitutional-court">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Uganda+anti-gay+law+challenged+in+court&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjul%2F31%2Fuganda-anti-gay-law-constitutional-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28605400">"Uganda court annuls anti-gay law"</a>. BBC News. 1 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909134802/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28605400">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Uganda+court+annuls+anti-gay+law&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-28605400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/08/01/uganda-constitutional-court-annuls-new-anti-gay-law">"Uganda constitutional court annuls new anti-gay law"</a>. Times LIVE. AFP. 1 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909103014/https://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/08/01/uganda-constitutional-court-annuls-new-anti-gay-law">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+LIVE&rft.atitle=Uganda+constitutional+court+annuls+new+anti-gay+law&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fafrica%2F2014%2F08%2F01%2Fuganda-constitutional-court-annuls-new-anti-gay-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBariyo2014" class="citation news cs1">Bariyo, Nicholas (13 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ugandas-attorney-general-wont-appeal-anti-gay-law-ruling-1407946971">"Uganda's Attorney General Won't Appeal Ruling on Antigay Law"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627022833/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ugandas-attorney-general-wont-appeal-anti-gay-law-ruling-1407946971">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Uganda%27s+Attorney+General+Won%27t+Appeal+Ruling+on+Antigay+Law&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft.aulast=Bariyo&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fugandas-attorney-general-wont-appeal-anti-gay-law-ruling-1407946971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2019" class="citation web cs1">McKenzie, David (11 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/10/africa/africa-lgbtq-equality-analysis-intl/index.html">"Progress for gay rights in Africa still isn't inevitable"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929171603/https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/10/africa/africa-lgbtq-equality-analysis-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Progress+for+gay+rights+in+Africa+still+isn%27t+inevitable&rft.date=2019-08-11&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F08%2F10%2Fafrica%2Fafrica-lgbtq-equality-analysis-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholls2023" class="citation web cs1">Nicholls, Larry Madowo, Catherine (21 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/21/africa/uganda-lgbtq-law-passes-intl/index.html">"Uganda parliament passes bill criminalizing identifying as LGBTQ, imposes death penalty for some offenses"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322173434/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/21/africa/uganda-lgbtq-law-passes-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Uganda+parliament+passes+bill+criminalizing+identifying+as+LGBTQ%2C+imposes+death+penalty+for+some+offenses&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Larry+Madowo%2C+Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F03%2F21%2Fafrica%2Fuganda-lgbtq-law-passes-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtuhaire2023" class="citation news cs1">Atuhaire, Patience (21 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343">"Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322153403/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Uganda+Anti-Homosexuality+bill%3A+Life+in+prison+for+saying+you%27re+gay&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft.aulast=Atuhaire&rft.aufirst=Patience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65034343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkiror2023" class="citation news cs1">Okiror, Samuel (1 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/mar/01/uganda-mps-hardline-anti-lgbtq-bill">"Uganda MPs revive hardline anti-LGBTQ bill, calling homosexuality a 'cancer'"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517122716/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/mar/01/uganda-mps-hardline-anti-lgbtq-bill">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Uganda+MPs+revive+hardline+anti-LGBTQ+bill%2C+calling+homosexuality+a+%27cancer%27&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Okiror&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fmar%2F01%2Fuganda-mps-hardline-anti-lgbtq-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2023" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews, Rédaction (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/09/uganda-presents-anti-gay-bill-in-parliament-with-tough-new-penalties/">"Uganda presents anti-gay bill in parliament with tough new penalties"</a>. Africanews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311132501/https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/09/uganda-presents-anti-gay-bill-in-parliament-with-tough-new-penalties/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=Uganda+presents+anti-gay+bill+in+parliament+with+tough+new+penalties&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.aulast=AfricaNews&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9daction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F03%2F09%2Fuganda-presents-anti-gay-bill-in-parliament-with-tough-new-penalties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/anti-gay-law-will-be-passed-at-whatever-cost-says-speaker-4150612">"Anti-gay law will be passed at whatever cost, says Speaker"</a>. Monitor. 8 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316061854/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/anti-gay-law-will-be-passed-at-whatever-cost-says-speaker-4150612">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monitor&rft.atitle=Anti-gay+law+will+be+passed+at+whatever+cost%2C+says+Speaker&rft.date=2023-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitor.co.ug%2Fuganda%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fanti-gay-law-will-be-passed-at-whatever-cost-says-speaker-4150612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-lancet-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lancet_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerving2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jerving, Sara (22 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fs0140-6736%252823%252900814-0">"Uganda's "anti-homosexuality" bill already affecting care"</a>. 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The White House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324174615/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2023/03/22/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-and-nsc-coordinator-for-strategic-communications-john-kirby-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Press+Briefing+by+Press+Secretary+Karine+Jean-Pierre+and+NSC+Coordinator+for+Strategic+Communications+John+Kirby&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft.aulast=Jean-Pierre&rft.aufirst=Karine&rft.au=Kirby%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbidenwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fpress-briefings%2F2023%2F03%2F22%2Fpress-briefing-by-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-and-nsc-coordinator-for-strategic-communications-john-kirby-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtuhaire2023" class="citation news cs1">Atuhaire, Patience (21 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343">"Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Uganda+Anti-Homosexuality+bill%3A+Life+in+prison+for+saying+you%27re+gay&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft.aulast=Atuhaire&rft.aufirst=Patience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-65034343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Dylan (23 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/trudeau-mulls-response-to-appalling-and-abhorrent-uganda-lgbtq-death-penalty-bill">"Trudeau mulls response to 'appalling and abhorrent' Uganda LGBTQ death-penalty bill"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Post?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Post">National Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517122800/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/trudeau-mulls-response-to-appalling-and-abhorrent-uganda-lgbtq-death-penalty-bill">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2024. 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Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany+condemns+Uganda%27s+new+%27draconian%27+anti-gay+law&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermany-condemns-ugandas-new-draconian-anti-gay-law%2Fa-65093313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-district-128"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-district_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/%23iso:code:3166:UG">"UG – Uganda"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>. 23 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/%23iso:code:3166:UG">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO+3166&rft.atitle=UG+%E2%80%93+Uganda&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Acode%3A3166%3AUG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-factsheet-129"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-factsheet_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202054340/http://molg.go.ug/sites/default/files/MoLG%2520-%2520%2520Fact%2520Sheet.pdf">"Ministry of Local Government Fact Sheet"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Local_Government_(Uganda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Local Government (Uganda)">MOLG</a>. 1 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://molg.go.ug/sites/default/files/MoLG%2520-%2520%2520Fact%2520Sheet.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 December 2017. 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Retrieved 1 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Public+Accountability%3A+Explaining+Variation+Across+Local+Governments+in+Uganda&rft.inst=University+of+Bergen&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbora.uib.no%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1956%2F6896%2F109006750.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D6D8D15619FB69B61CCDC0746FEB4DFAE.bora-uib_worker%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ulga.org/">Uganda Local Government Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510140143/http://www.ulga.org/">Archived</a> 10 May 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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IRINnews. 11 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205023326/http://www.irinnews.org/report/86107/uganda-a-rough-guide-to-the-country-s-kingdoms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2014. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120708201935/http://enteruganda.com/brochures/westnile02.html">Arua: West Nile's business hub</a> ". The New Vision.</li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> Yoshino, Yutaka; Ngungi, Grace and Asebe, Ephrem. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRREGTOPTRADE/0,,contentMDK:22946813~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502469,00.html">"Enhancing the Recent Growth of Cross-Border Trade between South Sudan and Uganda"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103132721/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRREGTOPTRADE/0,,contentMDK:22946813~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:502469,00.html">Archived</a> 3 January 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Africa Trade Policy Notes.</li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a> Muwanga, David (March 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://allafrica.com/stories/201003151717.html">"Uganda, Rwanda Border to Run 24hrs"</a>. AllAfrica.com.</li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1441217/november-inflation-increases">"November inflation increases to 4.6%"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202120513/http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1441217/november-inflation-increases">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=November+inflation+increases+to+4.6%25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newvision.co.ug%2Fnew_vision%2Fnews%2F1441217%2Fnovember-inflation-increases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211155/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/29/c_137290591.htm">"Uganda sees drop in inflation in 2017/18 financial year - Xinhua - English.news.cn"</a>. www.xinhuanet.com. 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Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2018%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D2017%26ey%3D2017%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D%26pr.x%3D45%26pr.y%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-GDP_by_World_Bank-156">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GDP_by_World_Bank_156-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GDP_by_World_Bank_156-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc%3Dtrue">"GDP (current US$) - Data"</a>. data.worldbank.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915071456/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc%3Dtrue">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=GDP+%28current+US%24%29+-+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.MKTP.CD%3Fyear_high_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source%3Dworld-development-indicators">"World Development Indicators - DataBank"</a>. databank.worldbank.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504140427/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source%3Dworld-development-indicators">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=databank.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=World+Development+Indicators+-+DataBank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatabank.worldbank.org%2Fdata%2Freports.aspx%3Fsource%3Dworld-development-indicators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY">"Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population)"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poverty+headcount+ratio+at+%241.25+a+day+%28PPP%29+%28%25+of+population%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.DDAY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033202/http://www.ifad.org/operations/projects/regions/Pf/factsheets/uganda.pdf">"Enabling Poor People to Overcome Poverty in Uganda"</a> (PDF). International Fund for Agricultural Development. 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Retrieved 6 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+towards+2030&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E471-%3C%2Fspan%3E565&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100129-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002354%2F235406e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/">Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship</a>. Geneva. p. 18. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.34667%252Ftind.50062">10.34667/tind.50062</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2"><bdi>978-92-805-3681-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2024.+Unlocking+the+Promise+of+Social+Entrepreneurship&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.50062&rft.isbn=978-92-805-3681-2&rft.au=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fweb-publications%2Fglobal-innovation-index-2024%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:CS1_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html">"Global Innovation Index 2019"</a>. www.wipo.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101818/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wipo.int&rft.atitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2019%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUganda_Bureau_Of_Statistics_(UBOS)2015" class="citation book cs1">Uganda Bureau Of Statistics (UBOS) (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110115940/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC%25202014%2520PROVISIONAL%2520RESULTS%2520REPORT.pdf">National Population and Housing Census 2014. Provisional Results</a> (PDF) (Revised ed.). Kampala, Uganda. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/NPHC%25202014%2520PROVISIONAL%2520RESULTS%2520REPORT.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2014.+Provisional+Results&rft.place=Kampala%2C+Uganda&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=Revised&rft.date=2015-11&rft.au=Uganda+Bureau+Of+Statistics+%28UBOS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fonlinefiles%2Fuploads%2Fubos%2FNPHC%2FNPHC%25202014%2520PROVISIONAL%2520RESULTS%2520REPORT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Hear2012" class="citation web cs1">Van Hear, Nicholas (14 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.compas.ox.ac.uk/article/four-decades-after-the-expulsion-of-ugandan-asians">"Four decades after the expulsion of Ugandan Asians"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/uganda-return-of-the-exiles-504325.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Uganda%3A+Return+of+the+exiles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fuganda-return-of-the-exiles-504325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988">. The Independent, 26 August 2005</li> <li id="cite_note-:3-219">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_219-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_219-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/uganda-take-2000-afghan-refugees-us-request-2021-08-17/">"Uganda to take 2,000 Afghan refugees at U.S. request"</a>. Reuters. 17 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218093533/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/uganda-take-2000-afghan-refugees-us-request-2021-08-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Uganda+to+take+2%2C000+Afghan+refugees+at+U.S.+request&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fuganda-take-2000-afghan-refugees-us-request-2021-08-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR_stats-220">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNHCR_stats_220-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNHCR_stats_220-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827220904/http://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga/">"Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal"</a>. Operational Data Portal. UNHCR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga">the original</a> on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operational+Data+Portal&rft.atitle=Uganda+Comprehensive+Refugee+Response+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fugandarefugees.org%2Fen%2Fcountry%2Fuga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Kagonye_22_sw-221"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kagonye_22_sw_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKagonye2022" class="citation news cs1">Kagonye, Fred (5 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706045639/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/world/article/2001449634/uganda-adopts-swahili-as-an-official-language">"Uganda adopts Swahili as an official language"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard (Kenya)</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nairobi,_Kenya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairobi, Kenya">Nairobi, Kenya</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Standard_(Kenya)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Standard (Kenya)">The Standard (Kenya)</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/world/article/2001449634/uganda-adopts-swahili-as-an-official-language">the original</a> on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Standard+%28Kenya%29&rft.atitle=Uganda+adopts+Swahili+as+an+official+language&rft.date=2022-07-05&rft.aulast=Kagonye&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standardmedia.co.ke%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2001449634%2Fuganda-adopts-swahili-as-an-official-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz">"Uganda is embracing Swahili in its curriculum after years of resistance"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MSN">MSN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Uganda+is+embracing+Swahili+in+its+curriculum+after+years+of+resistance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fuganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance%2Far-AAXsAmz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381">"English rules in Uganda, but local languages shouldn't be sidelined"</a>. 5 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+rules+in+Uganda%2C+but+local+languages+shouldn%27t+be+sidelined&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fenglish-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-UCLA-224"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UCLA_224-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID%3D17%26menu%3D004">Swahili</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714164518/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID%3D17%26menu%3D004">Archived</a> 14 July 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the UCLA Language Materials Project</li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.glcom.com/hassan/swahili_history.html">"A Brief History of the Swahili Language"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512022044/http://www.glcom.com/hassan/swahili_history.html">Archived</a> 12 May 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, glcom.com</li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2014-226">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2014_226-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2014_226-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2014_226-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012091133/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%2520National%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf">"2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census – Main Report"</a> (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/NPHC/2014%2520National%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Uganda+Population+and+Housing+Census+%E2%80%93+Main+Report&rft.pub=Uganda+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fonlinefiles%2Fuploads%2Fubos%2FNPHC%2F2014%2520National%2520Census%2520Main%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2002-227"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Census_2002_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012091154/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%2520documents/2002%2520Census%2520Final%2520Reportdoc.pdf">"2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census – Main Report"</a> (PDF). Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%2520documents/2002%2520Census%2520Final%2520Reportdoc.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2002+Uganda+Population+and+Housing+Census+%E2%80%93+Main+Report&rft.pub=Uganda+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubos.org%2Fonlinefiles%2Fuploads%2Fubos%2Fpdf%2520documents%2F2002%2520Census%2520Final%2520Reportdoc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/uganda/">"Uganda"</a>. United States Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111032209/http://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/uganda/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Uganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Fuganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorch1993" class="citation news cs1">Lorch, Donatella (22 March 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/22/world/kampala-journal-cast-out-once-asians-return-uganda-is-home.html">"Kampala Journal; Cast Out Once, Asians Return: Uganda Is Home"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611211829/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/22/world/kampala-journal-cast-out-once-asians-return-uganda-is-home.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kampala+Journal%3B+Cast+Out+Once%2C+Asians+Return%3A+Uganda+Is+Home&rft.date=1993-03-22&rft.aulast=Lorch&rft.aufirst=Donatella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F03%2F22%2Fworld%2Fkampala-journal-cast-out-once-asians-return-uganda-is-home.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ucc.co.ug/about-ucc/">"About UCC – UCC: Uganda Communications Commission"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818100445/https://www.ucc.co.ug/about-ucc/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+UCC+%E2%80%93+UCC%3A+Uganda+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.co.ug%2Fabout-ucc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ict.go.ug/about-us/agencies/uganda-communications-commission/">"Uganda Communications Commission – Ministry of ICT & National Guidance"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702102435/https://ict.go.ug/about-us/agencies/uganda-communications-commission/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uganda+Communications+Commission+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+ICT+%26+National+Guidance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fict.go.ug%2Fabout-us%2Fagencies%2Fuganda-communications-commission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Boxing/Bombers-finally-begin-2018-Commonwealth-Games-training/690270-4311780-ku5humz/index.html">"Bombers finally begin 2018 Commonwealth Games training"</a>. Daily Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405164104/https://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Boxing/Bombers-finally-begin-2018-Commonwealth-Games-training/690270-4311780-ku5humz/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=Bombers+finally+begin+2018+Commonwealth+Games+training&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitor.co.ug%2FSports%2FBoxing%2FBombers-finally-begin-2018-Commonwealth-Games-training%2F690270-4311780-ku5humz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/uganda-to-remember-olympic-hurdler-john-akii">"Uganda to remember Olympic hurdler John Akii Bua"</a>. www.iaaf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501084027/https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/uganda-to-remember-olympic-hurdler-john-akii">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iaaf.org&rft.atitle=Uganda+to+remember+Olympic+hurdler+John+Akii+Bua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaaf.org%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fuganda-to-remember-olympic-hurdler-john-akii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/toronto-marathon-2018-stephen-kiprotich">"Kiprotich targets fast time in Toronto"</a>. www.iaaf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501084034/https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/toronto-marathon-2018-stephen-kiprotich">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iaaf.org&rft.atitle=Kiprotich+targets+fast+time+in+Toronto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaaf.org%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Ftoronto-marathon-2018-stephen-kiprotich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-235">^</a> Kaweru, Franklin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/basketball/item/23580-uganda-s-silverbacks-ranked-89th-in-latest-fiba-rankings.html">"Uganda's Silverbacks ranked 89th in latest FIBA rankings"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012184634/http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/basketball/item/23580-uganda-s-silverbacks-ranked-89th-in-latest-fiba-rankings.html">Archived</a> 12 October 2015 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, KAWOWO Sports, 9 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdeyemi2011" class="citation news cs1">Adeyemi, Bandele (19 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/20/sports/baseball/ugandans-watch-little-league-world-series-from-home.html">"Frustrating View of Game Day"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620071211/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/20/sports/baseball/ugandans-watch-little-league-world-series-from-home.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Frustrating+View+of+Game+Day&rft.date=2011-08-19&rft.aulast=Adeyemi&rft.aufirst=Bandele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F20%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fugandans-watch-little-league-world-series-from-home.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork2016" class="citation news cs1">York, Geoffrey (21 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/baseball/major-league-baseball-seeks-its-next-top-players-in-the-sports-next-frontierafrica/article33408352/">"Major League Baseball seeks its next top players in the sport's 'next frontier': Africa"</a>. The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628223524/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/baseball/major-league-baseball-seeks-its-next-top-players-in-the-sports-next-frontierafrica/article33408352/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+seeks+its+next+top+players+in+the+sport%27s+%27next+frontier%27%3A+Africa&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fmajor-league-baseball-seeks-its-next-top-players-in-the-sports-next-frontierafrica%2Farticle33408352%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-cannesvupar.com-238">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cannesvupar.com_238-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cannesvupar.com_238-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cannesvupar.com_238-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cannesvupar.com/telling-the-story-against-all-odds-state-of-uganda-film-industry/">Telling the story against all odds; state of Uganda film industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718234909/http://www.cannesvupar.com/telling-the-story-against-all-odds-state-of-uganda-film-industry/">Archived</a> 18 July 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cannes vu par. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">^</a> Rasmussen, Kristin Alexandra (2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D4889%26context%3Detd_theses">Kinna-Uganda: A review of Uganda's national cinema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219190655/http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D4889%26context%3Detd_theses">Archived</a> 19 December 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Master's Theses. Paper 3892. The Faculty of the Department of TV, Radio, Film, Theatre Arts, San José State University, US</li> <li id="cite_note-monitor.co.ug-240">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-monitor.co.ug_240-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-monitor.co.ug_240-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uganda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-monitor.co.ug_240-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Theatre---Cinema/Ugandan-film-s-leap/-/691234/1868542/-/89jsv5z/-/index.html">Ugandan film's leap – Theatre & Cinema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061335/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Theatre---Cinema/Ugandan-film-s-leap/-/691234/1868542/-/89jsv5z/-/index.html">Archived</a> 23 October 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. monitor.co.ug. Retrieved on 19 July 2013.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li>Appiah, Anthony and Henry Louis Gates (ed.) (2010). Encyclopaedia of Africa. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Middleton, John (ed.) (2008). New encyclopaedia of Africa. Detroit: Thompson-Gale.</li> <li>Shillington, Kevin (ed.) (2005). Encyclopedia of African history. CRC Press.</li> <li>BakamaNume, Bakama B. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DE-u-oqGczPsC%26source%3Dgbs_ViewAPI">A Contemporary Geography of Uganda</a>. African Books Collective.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robert Barlas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DT3RYYPSq8JoC">Uganda (Cultures of the World)</a>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761409816?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780761409816"><bdi>9780761409816</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41299243">41299243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uganda+%28Cultures+of+the+World%29&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41299243&rft.isbn=9780761409816&rft.au=Robert+Barlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3RYYPSq8JoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUganda" class="Z3988"> overview written for younger readers.</li> <li>Carney, J. J. For God and My Country: Catholic Leadership in Modern Uganda (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2020).</li> <li>Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The great lakes of Africa: two thousand years of history. New York: Zone Books.</li> <li>Clarke, Ian, ed. Uganda - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992/">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714061651/https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992">Archived</a> 14 July 2022 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Datzberger, Simone, and Marielle L.J. Le Mat. "Just add women and stir?: Education, gender and peacebuilding in Uganda." International Journal of Educational Development 59 (2018): 61-69 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%2520Education%2520gender%2520and%2520peacebuilding%2520in%2520Uganda%2520-%2520Revisions%2520tracked%2520changes.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417063530/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%2520Education%2520gender%2520and%2520peacebuilding%2520in%2520Uganda%2520-%2520Revisions%2520tracked%2520changes.pdf">Archived</a> 17 April 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Griffin, Brett, Robert Barlas, and Jui Lin Yong. Uganda. (Cavendish Square Publishing, 2019).</li> <li>Hepner, Tricia Redeker. "At the Boundaries of Life and Death: Notes on Eritrea and Northern Uganda." African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 10.1 (2020): 127-142 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425044047/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06">Archived</a> 25 April 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Hodd, Michael and Angela Roche Uganda handbook. (Bath: Footprint, 2011).</li> <li>Izama, Angelo. "Uganda." Africa Yearbook Volume 16. Brill, 2020 pp. 413–422.</li> <li>Jagielski, Wojciech and Antonia Lloyd-Jones (2012). The night wanderers: Uganda's children and the Lord's Resistance Army. New York: Seven Stories Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781609803506?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781609803506">9781609803506</a></li> <li>Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert, Uganda: a modern history (1981) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ugandamodernhist00jrge">online</a></li> <li>Langole, Stephen, and David Monk. "Background to peace and conflict in northern Uganda." in Youth, education and work in (post-) conflict areas (2019): 16+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf%23page%3D22">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119194009/https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf%23page%3D22">Archived</a> 19 January 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Otiso, Kefa M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrMnkcZsv_eEC%26source%3Dgbs_ViewAPI">Culture and Customs of Uganda</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group.</li> <li>Reid, Richard J. A history of modern Uganda (Cambridge University Press, 2017), the standard scholarly history. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id%3D55348">Buy from Amazon - online review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127162144/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id%3D55348">Archived</a> 27 January 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. "The State of Press Freedom in Uganda". International Journal of Communication 14 (2020): 20+. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415075411/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948">Archived</a> 15 April 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Steinhart, Edward I. Conflict and collaboration: The kingdoms of western Uganda, 1890-1907. Princeton University Press, 2019.</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cultural_heritage_of_Uganda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cultural heritage of Uganda">Cultural heritage of Uganda</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/">Uganda</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607090539/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/uganda.htm">Uganda</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1069166.stm">Country Profile</a> from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914133543/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/uganda-version/snapshot.aspx">Uganda Corruption Profile</a> from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.un.org/geospatial/content/uganda-0">Printable map of Uganda from UN.org</a></li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"> 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073716/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/uganda.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country%3DUG">Key Development Forecasts for Uganda</a> from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Futures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/UGA/Year/2012/Summary">World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Uganda</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Humanitarian_issues">Humanitarian issues</h3> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country%3DUG">Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Uganda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm%26rc%3D1%26cc%3Duga">Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/pages/001/page_40.asp">Radio France International – dossier on Uganda and Lord's Resistance Army</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208131440/http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/pages/001/page_40.asp">Archived</a> 8 February 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tourism_2">Tourism</h3> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223191137/http://www.visituganda.com/">Uganda Tourism Board</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ugandawildlife.org/">Uganda Wildlife Authority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003170213/https://visitkampala.net/">Visit Kampala with Kampala Capital City Authority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DUganda%26oldid%3D1277504092">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uganda&oldid=1277504092</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Uganda&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 25 February 2025, at 00:58 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A9%25E1%258C%258B%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%25B3" title="ዩጋንዳ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩጋንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगाण्डा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="युगाण्डा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="أوغندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوغندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%2590%25DC%2598%25DC%2593%25DC%25A2%25DC%2595%25DC%2590" title="ܐܘܓܢܕܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܓܢܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1" title="Ուկանտա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուկանտա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganda" title="Oganda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Oganda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ug%25C3%25A1nda" title="Ugánda – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ugánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqanda" title="Uqanda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uqanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="اوقاندا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوقاندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="উগান্ডা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উগান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगांडा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="युगांडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A8%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཨུ་གན་ད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་གན་ད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ouganda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuganda" title="Vuganda – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vuganda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wganda" title="Wganda – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wganda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25DD%25A3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="أوݣاندا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوݣاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2594%25DE%25AA%25DE%258E%25DE%25AC%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0%25DE%2591%25DE%25A7" title="ޔުގެންޑާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޔުގެންޑާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A9%25C3%25A9%25C5%2582itsiiyah%25CA%25BCil%25C3%25AD_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Dééłitsiiyahʼilí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dééłitsiiyahʼilí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगान्डा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="युगान्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259F%25CF%2585%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1" title="Ουγκάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουγκάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugando" title="Ugando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ugando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Farefare</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="اوگاندا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوگاندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouganda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugannda" title="Ugannda – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ugannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooganda" title="Ooganda – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ooganda" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%2581%25E0%25AA%2597%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25A1%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="યુગાન્ડા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યુગાન્ડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगांडा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="युगांडा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259A%25B0%25EA%25B0%2584%25EB%258B%25A4" title="우간다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우간다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BBUgana" title="ʻUgana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻUgana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25A3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A1" title="Ուգանդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուգանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगाण्डा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युगाण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A1%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="উগান্ডা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উগান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25C3%25A6" title="Угандæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Угандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYuganda" title="IYuganda – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IYuganda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Aganda" title="Úganda – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úganda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%2594" title="אוגנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוגנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandha" title="Ugandha – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ugandha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandaa" title="Ugandaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ugandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2589%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A1" title="ಉಗಾಂಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಗಾಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590" title="უგანდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უგანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ouganda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubugande" title="Ubugande – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubugande" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuganda" title="Ubuganda – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuganda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ouganda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouganda" title="Ouganda – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ouganda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Bganda" title="Ûganda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ûganda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeganda" title="Oeganda – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oeganda" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandu" title="Ugandu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ugandu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ugandas" title="ugandas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ugandas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuganda" title="Yuganda – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Yuganda" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganda" title="Oganda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Oganda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F" title="യുഗാണ്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യുഗാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%25C4%2581nga" title="Ukānga – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ukānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगांडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युगांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2590" title="უგანდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უგანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="اوجاندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="اوگاندا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوگاندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A8%25EA%25AF%2592%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259F%25EA%25AF%2597%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯌꯨꯒꯥꯟꯗꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯌꯨꯒꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ယူဂန်ဒါနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယူဂန်ဒါနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuganda" title="Yuganda – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Yuganda" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeganda" title="Oeganda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oeganda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="युगान्डा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युगान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25AC%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2580" title="ウガンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウガンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganda" title="Oganda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oganda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2589%25E0%25AC%2597%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25A3%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A1%25E0%25AC%25BE" title="ଉଗାଣ୍ଡା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଗାଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugaandaa" title="Yugaandaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yugaandaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AF%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25A1%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਯੁਗਾਂਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੁਗਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586%25DA%2588%25D8%25A7" title="یوگنڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوگنڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25DA%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="يوګاندا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يوګاندا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugianda" title="Yugianda – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yugianda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhantha" title="Ukhantha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ukhantha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D2%2591%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уґанда – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Уґанда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugand%25C3%25A4a" title="Ugandäa – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ugandäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A9%25E1%25B1%259C%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%25B0%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganna" title="Uganna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Uganna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%258B%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A9%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="උගන්ඩාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උගන්ඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586%25DA%258A%25D8%25A7" title="يوگنڊا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يوگنڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugandha" title="Yugandha – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yugandha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="ئووگاندا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئووگاندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2589%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A3%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="உகாண்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உகாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းယူႇၵၼ်ႇတႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းယူႇၵၼ်ႇတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2589%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25BE" title="ఉగాండా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉగాండా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ประเทศยูกันดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศยูกันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25A9%25E1%258C%258B%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258B%25B3" title="ዩጋንዳ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ዩጋንዳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuganda" title="Yuganda – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Yuganda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0" title="Уганда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уганда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586%25DA%2588%25D8%25A7" title="یوگنڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوگنڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%2587%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7" title="ئۇگاندا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇگاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugand" title="Ugand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ugand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luganday%25C3%25A4n" title="Lugandayän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lugandayän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2583%258F%25E5%25B9%25B2%25E9%2581%2594" title="烏干達 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="烏干達" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandaa" title="Ugandaa – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ugandaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%258C%25E5%25B9%25B2%25E8%25BE%25BE" title="乌干达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌干达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%25A2" title="אוגאנדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוגאנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2583%258F%25E5%25B9%25B2%25E9%2581%2594" title="烏干達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烏干達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oehanda" title="Oehanda – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oehanda" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%258C%25E5%25B9%25B2%25E8%25BE%25BE" title="乌干达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌干达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuganda" title="Yuganda – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Yuganda" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugandat%25C3%25B2" title="Ugandatò – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ugandatò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Uganda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 25 February 2025, at 00:58 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a 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</ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-wfnv5","wgBackendResponseTime":623,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.666","walltime":"3.175","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22058,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":727444,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":89968,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":81,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":827798,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2691.600 1 -total"," 42.23% 1136.648 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.02% 538.873 115 Template:Cite_web"," 13.14% 353.615 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 5.16% 138.801 18 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.81% 129.503 27 Template:Cite_news"," 4.22% 113.535 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 4.19% 112.840 1 Template:Sfn"," 4.06% 109.287 25 Template:Cite_book"," 3.68% 99.113 1 Template:Uganda_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.675","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21860951,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdeyemi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAfricaNews2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllenVlassenroot2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtuhaire2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBade1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBariyo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeachey1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiryabarema2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChao2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCiment2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDietzStudiecentrum2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDugger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunn1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEkirapa-Kiracho2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElias_Biryabarema2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFèvreColemanWelburnMaudlin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendrik_RoodSenior_consultantStratix_Consulting\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndependent2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._H._Kennaway1893\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean-PierreKirby2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerving2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKagonye2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamaliCarpenterWhitworthPool2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamusiime2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasozi1994\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFKeatley2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiguli2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamwaka2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorch1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMamdani1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMbunga,_Paskal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKenzie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinistry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMugishaBerg,_Sanford_V.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMutagamba2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMutibwa1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMwakikagile2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMwambutsya,_Ndebesa1990–1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNakintuAlbrechtMüllerKagoro-Rugunda2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholls2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkiror2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtunnu2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPariyo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParliament_of_the_Republic_of_Uganda2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulford2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepublic_of_UgandaMinistry_of_FinancePlanning_and_Economic_Development\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutebemberwaEkirapa-KirachoOkuiWalker2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoenbrun1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharlet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomerville2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinhart1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUganda_Bureau_Of_Statistics_(UBOS)2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Hear2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Health_OrganizationUNICEF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYork2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFjoz2015\"] = 1,\n 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