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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighbouring_municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbouring_municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Neighbouring municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbouring_municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovene_minority_in_Graz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovene_minority_in_Graz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Slovene minority in Graz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovene_minority_in_Graz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_city_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_city_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Historic city centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_city_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_historic_city_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_historic_city_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Outside the historic city centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_historic_city_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greater_Graz_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greater_Graz_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Greater Graz area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greater_Graz_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styriarte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styriarte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Styriarte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styriarte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Dialect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable residents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Graz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8C%BD" title="ግራጽ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ግራጽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="غراتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غراتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Կրաց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կրաց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrats" title="Qrats – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrats" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="قراتس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قراتس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রাৎস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রাৎস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz_Stadt" title="Graz Stadt – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Graz Stadt" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%BDrsk%C3%BD_Hradec" title="Štýrský Hradec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Štýrský Hradec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%82" title="Γκρατς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκρατς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گراتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گراتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%B8%A0" title="그라츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그라츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Գրաց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրաց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A5" title="גראץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גראץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="გრაცი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრაცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graecium" title="Graecium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Graecium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%81ca" title="Grāca – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grāca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracas" title="Gracas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gracas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रात्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रात्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="გრაცი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრაცი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="جراتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جراتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گراتس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گراتس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84" title="グラーツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラーツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grats" title="Grats – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grats" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%85" title="گراڅ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گراڅ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grac" title="Grac – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grac" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="گراتس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گراتس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradec" title="Gradec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gradec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="กราทซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กราทซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грас – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Грас" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Грац – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грац" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="گراتز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گراتز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گراز – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گراز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grac" title="Grac – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Grac" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz" title="Graz – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Graz" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8" title="格拉茨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格拉茨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A5" title="גראץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8" title="格拉茨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格拉茨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Graz&params=47_04_15_N_15_26_19_E_type:city_region:AT-6"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°04′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°26′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.07083°N 15.43861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.07083; 15.43861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Styria, Austria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Austria. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Graz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Graz (disambiguation)">Graz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Statutory city in Styria, Austria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Graz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_city_(Austria)" title="Statutory city (Austria)">Statutory city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:175px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_(35932179023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg/330px-Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg/500px-Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg/960px-Graz_%2835932179023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Graz View from <a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">Schlossberg</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg/138px-GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg/207px-GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg/276px-GrazerRathaus-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Graz City Hall</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg/121px-Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg/182px-Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg/242px-Graz_Kunsthaus-4476.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4434" data-file-height="3325" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kunsthaus_Graz" title="Kunsthaus Graz">Kunsthaus Graz</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg/137px-Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg/206px-Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg/274px-Murinsel_Graz_2022-08-03_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8384" data-file-height="5612" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Murinsel" title="Murinsel">Murinsel</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t,_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_(a).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/122px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="122" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/183px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/244px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2872" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Graz_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Graz University">Graz University</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Graz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Graz"><img alt="Flag of Graz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Graz.svg/120px-Flag_of_Graz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Graz.svg/250px-Flag_of_Graz.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AUT_Graz_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Graz"><img alt="Coat of arms of Graz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AUT_Graz_COA.svg/80px-AUT_Graz_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AUT_Graz_COA.svg/120px-AUT_Graz_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AUT_Graz_COA.svg/160px-AUT_Graz_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="970" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graz is located in Styria"><img alt="Graz is located in Styria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg/330px-Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg/960px-Austria_Styria_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="852" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.056%;left:71.09%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Graz"><img alt="Graz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Graz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Styria</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Styria</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austria_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graz is located in Austria"><img alt="Graz is located in Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Austria_adm_location_map.svg/330px-Austria_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Austria_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Austria_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Austria_adm_location_map.svg/960px-Austria_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.42%;left:77.418%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Graz"><img alt="Graz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Graz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Graz (Austria)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Austria</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Graz&params=47_04_15_N_15_26_19_E_type:city_region:AT-6"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°04′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°26′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.07083°N 15.43861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.07083; 15.43861</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Federal state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/District_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (Austria)">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_city_(Austria)" title="Statutory city (Austria)">Statutory city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elke_Kahr" title="Elke Kahr">Elke Kahr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">KPÖ</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-arora_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arora-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f3373d889b3e667af72d1979ec2c3615f4e35537-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f3373d889b3e667af72d1979ec2c3615f4e35537-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">127.57 km<sup>2</sup> (49.26 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">353 m (1,158 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2025)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">306,068</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,400/km<sup>2</sup> (6,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Grazer (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>) <br /> Grazer (m.) <br /> Grazerin (f.) (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">de</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of postal codes in Austria">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">A-801x, A-802x, A-803x, A-804x, A-805x</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Austria" title="Telephone numbers in Austria">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+43 316</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Austria" title="Vehicle registration plates of Austria">G</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graz.at">www.graz.at</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">City of Graz – Historic Centre and <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Eggenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Eggenberg">Schloss Eggenberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/931">931</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1999 (23rd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data">2010</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Graz</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ɡʁaːts]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0a\/De-Graz.ogg\/De-Graz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Graz.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/De-Graz.ogg/De-Graz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Graz.ogg" title="File:De-Graz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is the capital of the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">federal state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Austria" title="List of cities and towns in Austria">second-largest city</a> in Austria, after <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. As of 1 January 2025, Graz had a population of 306,068 (343,461 including secondary residence).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the population of the Graz <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">larger urban zone</a> (LUZ) stood at 660,238.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graz is known as a college and university city, with four colleges and four universities. Combined, the city is home to more than 60,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-graz_stats_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graz_stats-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its historic centre (<i><a href="/wiki/Altstadt" title="Altstadt">Altstadt</a></i>) is one of the best-preserved city centres in Central Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the city's historic centre was added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> and in 2010 the designation was expanded to include <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_Palace,_Graz" title="Eggenberg Palace, Graz">Eggenberg Palace</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Schloss Eggenberg</i>) on the western edge of the city. Graz was designated the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Capital_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Capital of Europe">Cultural Capital of Europe</a> in 2003 and became a City of Culinary Delights in 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the city, Graz, formerly spelled <b>Gratz</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also formerly known as <b>Grätz</b>, most likely derives from Slavic <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla">gradec/gradac</i></span> 'small castle'. Some <a href="/wiki/Archeological_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeological site">archaeological finds</a> point to the erection of a small castle by <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine Slavs">Alpine Slavic</a> people,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who settled in the region after the barbarian invasions drove out the original Celts, as well as the Romans. In <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, <span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">gradec</i></span> still means 'small castle', a <a href="/wiki/Hypocoristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocoristic">hypocoristic</a> derivative of Proto-West-South Slavic <i>*gradьcъ</i>, which descends via <a href="/wiki/Liquid_metathesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid metathesis">liquid metathesis</a> from <a href="/wiki/Common_Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Slavic">Common Slavic</a> <i>*gardьcъ</i> and via the Slavic third <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">palatalization</a> from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">Proto-Slavic</a> <i>*gardiku</i>, originally denoting 'small town, settlement'. The name thus follows the common South Slavic pattern for naming settlements <i><a href="/wiki/Grad_(Slavic_settlement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad (Slavic settlement)">grad</a></i>. Despite the Slavic root of the name, however, the city of Graz was founded by Bavarian settlers who arrived shortly after the Slavs, with which they intermixed. The city's name first appears in records in 1128; a record of <i>Grez</i> from 1091 is disputed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg/220px-Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg/330px-Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg/440px-Historic_City_Center_of_Graz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="1773" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph showing the historic centre of Graz</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <p>Graz is situated on both sides of the river <a href="/wiki/Mur_(river)" title="Mur (river)">Mur</a> in southeast Austria. It is about 150 km (93 mi) southwest of Vienna (<i>Wien</i>). The nearest larger <a href="/wiki/Urban_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban centre">urban centre</a> is <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> (<i>Marburg</i>) in Slovenia, which is about 50 km (31 mi) to the south. Graz is the capital of Styria and the largest city in the federal state, a green and heavily forested region on the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. It is located in the Graz Basin and surrounded by mountains and hills to the north, east and west. The city centre sits at an elevation of 353 m (1,158 ft), the highest point is Plabutsch mountain with 754 m (2,474 ft) at the western border. The mountain <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ckl" title="Schöckl">Schöckl</a> is just a few kilometres to the north and surmounts the city by 1,100 m (3,600 ft). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hilmteich_(118718019).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg/220px-Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg/330px-Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg/440px-Hilmteich_%28118718019%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1016" /></a><figcaption>Hilmteich</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighbouring_municipalities">Neighbouring municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Neighbouring municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These towns and villages border Graz: </p> <ul><li>to the north: <a href="/wiki/Gratkorn" title="Gratkorn">Gratkorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stattegg" title="Stattegg">Stattegg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weinitzen" title="Weinitzen">Weinitzen</a></li> <li>to the east: <a href="/wiki/Kainbach_bei_Graz" title="Kainbach bei Graz">Kainbach bei Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hart_bei_Graz" title="Hart bei Graz">Hart bei Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raaba" title="Raaba">Raaba</a></li> <li>to the south: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ssendorf" title="Gössendorf">Gössendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldkirchen_bei_Graz" title="Feldkirchen bei Graz">Feldkirchen bei Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seiersberg" title="Seiersberg">Seiersberg</a></li> <li>to the west: <a href="/wiki/Attendorf" title="Attendorf">Attendorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thal,_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Thal, Austria">Thal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judendorf-Stra%C3%9Fengel" title="Judendorf-Straßengel">Judendorf-Straßengel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graz is divided into 17 municipal districts (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stadtbezirk" title="Stadtbezirk">Stadtbezirke</a></i></span>):<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 17 districts of Graz"><img alt="The 17 districts of Graz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg/300px-Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg/450px-Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg/600px-Karte_Graz_Stadtbezirke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="1974" /></a></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>I. <a href="/wiki/Innere_Stadt_(Graz)" title="Innere Stadt (Graz)">Innere Stadt</a> (<i>3.314</i>)</li><li>II. <a href="/wiki/St._Leonhard_(Graz)" title="St. Leonhard (Graz)">St. Leonhard</a> (<i>14.756</i>)</li><li>III. <a href="/wiki/Geidorf" title="Geidorf">Geidorf</a> (<i>23.847</i>)</li><li>IV. <a href="/wiki/Lend_(Graz)" title="Lend (Graz)">Lend</a> (<i>32.859</i>)</li><li>V. <a href="/wiki/Gries_(Graz)" title="Gries (Graz)">Gries</a> (<i>30.050</i>)</li><li>VI. <a href="/wiki/Jakomini" title="Jakomini">Jakomini</a> (<i>31.412</i>)</li><li>VII. <a href="/wiki/Liebenau_(Graz)" title="Liebenau (Graz)">Liebenau</a> (<i>15.896</i>)</li><li>VIII. <a href="/wiki/St._Peter_(Graz)" title="St. Peter (Graz)">St. Peter</a> (<i>16.629</i>)</li><li>IX. <a href="/wiki/Waltendorf" title="Waltendorf">Waltendorf</a> (<i>12.158</i>)</li><li>X. <a href="/wiki/Ries_(Graz)" title="Ries (Graz)">Ries</a> (<i>6.144</i>)</li><li>XI. <a href="/wiki/Mariatrost" title="Mariatrost">Mariatrost</a> (<i>9.998</i>)</li><li>XII. <a href="/wiki/Andritz_(Graz)" title="Andritz (Graz)">Andritz</a> (<i>19.415</i>)</li><li>XIII. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sting" title="Gösting">Gösting</a> (<i>11.129</i>)</li><li>XIV. <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_(Graz)" title="Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg</a> (<i>23.942</i>)</li><li>XV. <a href="/wiki/Wetzelsdorf" title="Wetzelsdorf">Wetzelsdorf</a> (<i>16.731</i>)</li><li>XVI. <a href="/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fgang" title="Straßgang">Straßgang</a> (<i>20.095</i>)</li><li>XVII. <a href="/wiki/Puntigam" title="Puntigam">Puntigam</a> (<i>10.251</i>)</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Graz" title="Timeline of Graz">Timeline of Graz</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg/200px-Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg/300px-Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg/400px-Vischer_-_Topographia_Ducatus_Stiria_-_110_Graz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1566" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graz, Georg Matthäus Vischer (1670)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuwasseg_Leopold,_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg/250px-Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg/330px-Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg/500px-Kuwasseg_Leopold%2C_Panorama_von_Graz_und_Umgebung_-_um_1830_-_J.F.Kaiser_Lithografirte_Ansichten_der_Steiermark_1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4783" data-file-height="3139" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Graz, 1830 – Lith. J.F. Kaiser</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg/185px-Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg/278px-Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg/370px-Graz-Neutor_vor_1883-Neutorgasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1013" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Neutor in 1883</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t,_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_(a).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/210px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/315px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG/420px-Graz_-_Universit%C3%A4t%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude_%28a%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2872" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The oldest settlement on the ground of the modern city of Graz dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Copper_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper Age">Copper Age</a>. However, no historical continuity exists of a settlement before the Middle Ages. The city was originally called "Bayrischgraz" or "Bavarian Graz" (i.e. German Graz) by the German founders to distinguish it from the elder "Windischgraz" or "Slovenian Graz". Bavarian Graz, however, soon eclipsed its Slovenian counterpart and henceforth Graz always referred to the German one. </p><p>During the 12th century, dukes under <a href="/wiki/Babenberg" title="Babenberg">Babenberg</a> rule made the town into an important commercial center. Later, Graz came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> and, in 1281, gained special privileges from King <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolph I</a>. </p><p>In the 14th century, Graz became the city of residence of the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Austria" title="Inner Austria">Inner Austrian</a> line of the Habsburgs. The royalty lived in the <a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">Schlossberg</a> castle and from there ruled <a href="/wiki/Styria_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Styria (duchy)">Styria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (duchy)">Carinthia</a>, most of today's Slovenia, and parts of Italy (<a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>). </p><p>In the 16th century, the city's design and planning were primarily controlled by Italian Renaissance architects and artists. One of the most famous buildings representative of this style is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landhaus (page does not exist)">Landhaus</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_dell%27Allio" title="Domenico dell'Allio">Domenico dell'Allio</a>, and used by the local rulers as a governmental headquarters. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG/200px-IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG/300px-IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG/400px-IMG_0412_-_Graz_-_Landhaushof.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Landhaus</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg/200px-Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg/300px-Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg/400px-Graz-hauptplatz01s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hauptplatz</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</a> was founded by Archduke <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles II of Austria">Karl II</a> in 1585, it is the city's oldest university. For most of its existence, it was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, and was closed in 1782 by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> in an attempt to gain state control over educational institutions. Joseph II transformed it into a lyceum where civil servants and medical personnel were trained. In 1827 it was re-established as a university by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_I_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz I of Austria">Franz I</a>, and was named 'Karl-Franzens Universität' or 'Charles-Francis University' in English. More than 30,000 students are currently enrolled at this university. </p><p>Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> lived in Graz for a short period beginning in 1594. He worked as district mathematician and taught at the Lutheran school, but still found time to study astronomy. He left Graz for <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in 1600 when <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> were banned from the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a> was Professor for Mathematical Physics from 1869 to 1890. During that time, <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> studied electrical engineering at the <a href="/wiki/Graz_University_of_Technology" title="Graz University of Technology">Polytechnic</a> in 1875. </p><p>Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> taught at the University of Graz from 1909 until 1938. <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a>, the 1961 Nobel Prize for Literature laureate obtained his doctorate at the University of Graz. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> was briefly chancellor of the University of Graz in 1936. </p><p>Graz is centrally located within today's <i><a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">Bundesland</a></i> (state) of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>, or <i>Steiermark</i> in German. <i>Mark</i> is an old German word indicating a large area of land used as a defensive border, in which the peasantry is taught how to organize and fight in the case of an invasion. With a strategic location at the head of the open and fertile Mur valley, Graz was historically a target of invaders, such as the Hungarians under <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a> in 1481, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> in 1529 and 1532. Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Riegersburg_Castle" title="Riegersburg Castle">Riegersburg Castle</a>, the Schlossberg was the only fortification in the region that never fell to the Ottoman Turks. Graz is home to <a href="/wiki/Landeszeughaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Landeszeughaus">the region's provincial armory</a>, which is the world's largest historical collection of late medieval and Renaissance weaponry. It has been preserved since 1551, and displays over 30,000 items. </p><p>From the earlier part of the 15th century, Graz was the residence of the younger branch of the Habsburgs, which succeeded to the imperial throne in 1619 in the person of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ferdinand_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ferdinand II">Emperor Ferdinand II</a>, who moved the capital to Vienna. New fortifications were built on the Schlossberg at the end of the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s army occupied Graz in 1797 and, in 1809 the city withstood another assault by the French army. During this attack, the commanding officer in the fortress was ordered to defend it with about 900 men against Napoleon's army of about 3,000. He successfully defended the Schlossberg against eight attacks, but they were forced to give up after the Grande Armée occupied Vienna and the Emperor ordered to surrender. Following the defeat of Austria by Napoleonic forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a> in 1809, the fortifications were demolished using explosives, as stipulated in the Peace of <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbrunn_Palace" title="Schönbrunn Palace">Schönbrunn</a> of the same year. The belltower (Glockenturm)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the civic clock tower (<i>Uhrturm</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a leading tourist attraction and serves as a symbol for Graz, were spared after the citizens of Graz paid a ransom for their preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-graz-sh_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graz-sh-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archduke <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles II of Austria">Karl II</a> of Inner Austria had 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> books burned in the square of what is now a mental hospital, and succeeded in returning Styria to the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a> was born in Graz in what is now the Stadtmuseum (city museum). </p><p>On 2 April 1945, while the heaviest Allied bomb raid of Graz occurred, the Gestapo and Waffen-SS committed a massacre against resistance fighters, Hungarian-Jewish forced laborers, and POWs at the SS barracks at Graz-Wetzelsdorf.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1869</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">98,229</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,770</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">135,660</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">168,808</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">193,790</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1923</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">199,578</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1934</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">210,845</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">208,106</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.3%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">226,476</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">237,080</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">249,089</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">243,166</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">237,810</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">226,244</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">261,726</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">291,731</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Censuses<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These figures only include those with primary residence status ("<a href="/wiki/Hauptwohnsitz" title="Hauptwohnsitz">Hauptwohnsitz</a>"). As of 1 January 2025, the city had a total population of 306,068 (with "<a href="/wiki/Hauptwohnsitz" title="Hauptwohnsitz">Hauptwohnsitz</a>"), out of which 215,785 (71%) with <a href="/wiki/Austrian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian citizenship">Austrian citizenship</a>, 43,338 (14%) with <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizenship</a>, and 46,945 (15%) non-EU nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Largest groups of foreign nationals, 2024</b><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8,985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7,739 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">6,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,351 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,283 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,435 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>2,858 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,571 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,934 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td>1,852 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,848 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,132 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>1,048 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>1,032 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>888 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graz has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<i>Cfb</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but due to the 0 °C isotherm, the same occurs in a borderline <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i>) according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Wladimir Köppen">Wladimir Köppen</a> himself was in town and conducted studies to see how the climate of the past influenced the <a href="/wiki/Continental_drift" title="Continental drift">Continental Drift theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its position southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, Graz is shielded from the prevailing westerly winds that bring weather fronts in from the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> to northwestern and central Europe. The weather in Graz is thus influenced by the Mediterranean, and it has more hours of sunshine per year than Vienna or Salzburg and also less wind or rain. Graz lies in a basin that is only open to the south, causing the climate to be warmer than would be expected at that latitude.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plants are found in Graz that normally grow much further south. </p> <ul><li>average temperatures: <a href="/wiki/Graz_Airport" title="Graz Airport">Graz Airport</a> 8.7 °C (48 °F) / <a href="/wiki/Karl-Franzens_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl-Franzens University">Karl-Franzens University</a> 9.4 °C (49 °F)</li> <li>average rainfall: 818 mm (32 in) with on average 92 days of rain (Karl Franzens University)</li> <li>average hours of sunshine: 1,989 (Karl Franzens University)</li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Graz (Karl-Franzens University) 1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.5<br />(−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.3<br />(−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.5<br />(−3.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(0.78) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(1.14) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(1.36) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2<br />(3.67) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.3<br />(4.78) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.1<br />(4.89) </td> <td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.7<br />(5.07) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.8<br />(3.69) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(2.51) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">854.2<br />(33.63) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(4.9) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.3<br />(17.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 14:00)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.7 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.1 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.0 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.0 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.5 </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.4 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.2 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.1 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.1 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AEAE91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.6 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.1 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.0 </td> <td style="background: #C3C30E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.7 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.1 </td> <td style="background: #9F9F9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.3 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,068.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Geodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics">Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics</a><sup id="cite_ref-ZAMGnormals_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZAMGnormals-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZAMG1961_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZAMG1961-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Graz Airport (1991–2020, extremes 1971–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.8<br />(−16.2) </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.3<br />(−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.9<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.1<br />(−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.1<br />(−6.0) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−26.8<br />(−16.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(0.74) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(1.14) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(1.33) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.7<br />(3.49) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.1<br />(4.49) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.7<br />(4.63) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125.6<br />(4.94) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.5<br />(3.76) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0<br />(2.17) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(1.64) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">841.1<br />(33.11) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">90.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 14:00)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.7 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.2 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.2 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.9 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.3 </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.5 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.3 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.8 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.0 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.0 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.0 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.0 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #6B6B6B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Geodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics">Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics</a><sup id="cite_ref-ZAMGnormals_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZAMGnormals-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (Dew Point and Sun)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dew Point and Sunshine for 1961-1990 period</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slovene_minority_in_Graz">Slovene minority in Graz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Slovene minority in Graz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graz, being the capital of the then multiethnic Duchy of Styria, was also a centre of <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> culture, especially from the establishment of the University of Graz in 1586 until the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a> in 1919. In 1574, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compendium_Catechismi_in_Slauonica_lingua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compendium Catechismi in Slauonica lingua (page does not exist)">first Slovene Catholic book</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium_Catechismi_Catholici_in_Slavonica_lingua_per_Questiones_in_gratiam_Catholicae_iuventutis_propositum" class="extiw" title="sl:Compendium Catechismi Catholici in Slavonica lingua per Questiones in gratiam Catholicae iuventutis propositum">sl</a>]</span> was published in Graz, and in 1592, <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Megiser" title="Hieronymus Megiser">Hieronymus Megiser</a> published in Graz the book <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionarium_quatuor_linguarum" title="Dictionarium quatuor linguarum">Dictionarium quatuor linguarum</a></i>, the first multilingual dictionary of Slovene.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century the student associations in Graz were a crucible of Slovene nationalism and some Slovene students there were more nationally aware than other Slovenes. This led to fierce anti-Slovene efforts by the German supermajority in Graz before and during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Granda_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granda-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slovenes only ever constituted a tiny minority in the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is also why <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kosler" title="Peter Kosler">Peter Kozler</a> did not include it in his <a href="/wiki/Kosler%27s_Map" title="Kosler's Map">map</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nowadays, some Slovenian Styrians study and some have found employment there, whiles being formerly unemployed in Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-Granda_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granda-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A symposium on the relation of Graz and the Slovenes was held in Graz in 2010, at the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the establishment of the first and oldest chair of Slovene. It was established at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz_Lyzeum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graz Lyzeum (page does not exist)">Lyzeum of Graz</a> in July 1811 on the initiative of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janez_Nepomuk_Primic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janez Nepomuk Primic (page does not exist)">Janez Nepomuk Primic</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Nepomuk_Primic" class="extiw" title="sl:Janez Nepomuk Primic">sl</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A collection of lectures on the topic was published. The <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%A1ta_Slovenije" class="mw-redirect" title="Pošta Slovenije">Slovenian Post</a> commemorated the anniversary with a stamp.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:710px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the historic centre from the Castle Hill (Schlossberg)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg/960px-Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg/1050px-Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg/1400px-Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7359" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Austria_pano_from_Schlossberg.jpg" title="File:Graz Austria pano from Schlossberg.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of the historic centre from the Castle Hill (Schlossberg)</div></div></div> <p>For the year that Graz was <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Capital_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Capital of Europe">Cultural Capital of Europe</a>, new structures were erected. The <a href="/wiki/Kunsthaus_Graz" title="Kunsthaus Graz">Graz Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (German: Kunsthaus) was designed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook_(architect)" title="Peter Cook (architect)">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Fournier" title="Colin Fournier">Colin Fournier</a> and is situated next to the Mur river. The <a href="/wiki/Murinsel" title="Murinsel">Island in the Mur</a> is a floating platform made of steel. It was designed by American architect <a href="/wiki/Vito_Acconci" title="Vito Acconci">Vito Acconci</a> and contains a café, an open-air theatre and a playground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_city_centre">Historic city centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historic city centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_-_Uhrturm_(c).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG/220px-Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG/330px-Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG/440px-Graz_-_Uhrturm_%28c%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5050" data-file-height="2965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">The Castle Hill</a> with the Clock Tower</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Innere_Stadt_(Graz)" title="Innere Stadt (Graz)">Innere Stadt (Graz)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg/250px-Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg/330px-Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg/500px-Grazer_Schlossberg_Kriegssteig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The Castle Hill stairs (Felsensteig)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg/250px-ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg/330px-ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg/500px-ARGOS_in_Graz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Argos Apartment house</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg/170px-Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg/255px-Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg/340px-Graz_Am_Eisernen_Tor_und_Herrengasse-4615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4024" /></a><figcaption>Graz downtown</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Opera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graz_Opera.jpg/170px-Graz_Opera.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graz_Opera.jpg/255px-Graz_Opera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Graz_Opera.jpg/340px-Graz_Opera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5843" data-file-height="3913" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Graz_Opera" title="Graz Opera">Graz Opera</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg/250px-Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg/330px-Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg/500px-Graz_-_Uhrenturm6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="4995" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">Schlossberg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The historic centre was added to the UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a> in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-graz-sh_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graz-sh-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the harmonious co-existence of typical buildings from different epochs and in different architectural styles. Situated in a cultural borderland between Central Europe, Italy and the Balkan States, Graz absorbed various influences from the neighbouring regions and thus received its exceptional townscape. Today the historic centre consists of over 1,000 buildings, their age ranging from Gothic to contemporary. </p><p>The most important sights in the historic centre are: </p> <ul><li>Town Hall (Rathaus).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">Castle Hill</a> (German: Schlossberg), a hill dominating the historic centre (475 m (1,558.40 ft) high), site of a demolished fortress, with views over Graz.</li> <li>The Clock Tower (Uhrturm) is a symbol of Graz, at the top of the Castle Hill.</li> <li>The New Gallery (Neue Galerie), a museum of art.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Schlo%C3%9Fbergbahn_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloßbergbahn (Graz)">Castle Hill funicular</a> (Schlossbergbahn), a funicular railway on the Castle Hill's slope.</li> <li>The seat of Styria's provincial parliament (Landhaus), a palace in Lombardic style. It is one of the most important examples of Renaissance architecture in Austria and was built by Italian architect <a href="/wiki/Domenico_dell%27Allio" title="Domenico dell'Allio">Domenico dell'Allio</a> between 1557 and 1565.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Landeszeughaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Landeszeughaus">Armoury</a> (Landeszeughaus) is the largest of its kind in the world.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Graz_Opera" title="Graz Opera">Opera House</a> (Opernhaus), the principal venue for opera, ballet, and operetta performances. It is the 2nd largest opera house in Austria.</li> <li>The Theatre (Schauspielhaus), Graz's principal theatre for productions of plays.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Graz_Cathedral" title="Graz Cathedral">Cathedral</a> (Dom), a rare monument of Gothic architecture. Once, there were many frescos on the outer walls; today, only a few remain, like the <i>Landplagenbild</i> ("picture of plagues") painted in 1485, presumably by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_von_Villach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas von Villach (page does not exist)">Thomas von Villach</a>. The three plagues it depicts are locusts, pestilence and the invasion of the Turks, all of them striking the town in 1480. It features the oldest painted view of Graz.</li> <li>The mausoleum of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> next to the cathedral, the most important building of <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a> in Graz. It includes both the grave where Ferdinand II and his wife are buried, and a church dedicated to St Catherine of Alexandria.</li> <li>The City Park (Stadtpark), located in the middle of the city centre during the Habsburg monarchy. It was designed by German architect Johannes Schirgie von Premstätten-Tobelbad. During the COVID-19 pandemic eccentric parties were celebrated which were later dissolved by the police. The responsible,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jonas Fabio Cristo Pinter, an Italian club owner, was arrested and the partying stopped. The City Park (Stadtpark) should not be confused with a similarly named shopping centre in Graz, called Citypark.</li> <li>The Castle (Burg), with a Gothic double-helix staircase, built between 1438 and 1453 by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a>, because the old castle on the Castle Hill was too small and uncomfortable. The Castle remained the residence of the Inner Austrian Court until 1619. Today, it serves as residence for the Styrian government.</li> <li>The Painted House (Gemaltes Haus) in Herrengasse 3. It is completely covered with frescos (painted in 1742 by Johann Mayer).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kunsthaus_Graz" title="Kunsthaus Graz">Graz Museum of Contemporary Art</a> (Kunsthaus)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Murinsel" title="Murinsel">Island in the Mur</a> (Murinsel), an artificial island in the Mur river.</li> <li>Buildings, inner courtyards (e. g. Early Renaissance courtyard of the <i>Former House of Teutonic Knights</i> in Sporgasse 22) and roofscape of the old town.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_historic_city_centre">Outside the historic city centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Outside the historic city centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg/220px-Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg/330px-Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg/440px-Graz_Schloss_Eggenberg_front_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Eggenberg_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Eggenberg_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg Palace</a> (Schloss Eggenberg) a baroque palace on the western edge of Graz with State rooms and museum. In 2010 it was added to the existing World Heritage site of the historic centre of Graz.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mariatrost_Basilica" title="Mariatrost Basilica">Mariatrost Basilica</a> (Basilika Mariatrost) a late Baroque church, on the eastern edge of Graz.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Herz-Jesu-Kirche_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Graz)">Jesus's Heart Church</a> (Herz-Jesu-Kirche) is the largest church in Graz with the third highest spire in Austria, built in Gothic Revival style by Daniel Schmidbauer (Austrian politician and doctor).</li> <li>The Calvary Hill (Kalvarienberg) in the Gösting area of Graz with a 17th-century calvary and church.</li> <li>The Graz University Hospital is the largest hospital in Graz and one of the largest hospitals in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. It is the largest Jugendstil building complex in Austria and was built between 1904 and 1912. It is run by the federal state Styria and is one of the most renowned hospitals in Austria and Central Europe.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6sting_Castle" title="Gösting Castle">Gösting Ruin</a> (Ruine Gösting), a ruin of a hilltop castle on the city's northwestern edge, and Plabutsch/Fürstenstand, behind Eggenberg Palace, with a hilltop restaurant and viewing tower, as well as <a href="/wiki/Buchkogel_(Plabutsch)" title="Buchkogel (Plabutsch)">Buchkogel</a>/Kronprinz-Rudolf-Warte are viewpoints for vistas of the city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greater_Graz_area">Greater Graz area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Greater Graz area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Österreichisches Freilichtmuseum Stübing</b>, an open-air museum containing old farmhouses/farm buildings from all over Austria reassembled in historic setting.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lurgrotte" title="Lurgrotte">Lurgrotte</a></b>, the most extensive cave system in Austria.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Piber_Federal_Stud" title="Piber Federal Stud">Lipizzanergestüt Piber</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lipizzaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipizzaner">Lipizzaner</a> stud at <a href="/wiki/Piber" class="mw-redirect" title="Piber">Piber</a> where the famous horses are bred.</li> <li>The <b>Steirische Weinstraße</b> is a wine-growing region south of Graz, also known as the "Styrian Tuscany".</li> <li><b>Thermenregion</b>, spa region east of Graz.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riegersburg_Castle" title="Riegersburg Castle">Riegersburg Castle</a></b>, a mighty fortress that was never taken. It was a bastion against Turkish invasions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections,_1945-2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections%2C_1945-2021.png/500px-Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections%2C_1945-2021.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections%2C_1945-2021.png/600px-Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections%2C_1945-2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Gemeindesrat_of_Graz_elections%2C_1945-2021.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Municipal election results since 1945.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathaus_Graz_(18305161105).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg/220px-Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg/330px-Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg/440px-Rathaus_Graz_%2818305161105%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4668" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Graz City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>For much of its post-war history Graz was a stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (SPÖ), but since the late 1990s the party has lost most of its support on a local level. It was overtaken by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (ÖVP) in 2003, which remained the largest party in the city council (<i>Gemeinderat</i>) until 2021. With the decline of the SPÖ, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">Communist Party of Austria</a> (KPÖ) has become highly popular in Graz, despite its negligible presence on a national level. The party placed third with 20.8% of votes in the 2003 local election, which has been attributed to the popularity of local leader Ernest Kaltenegger. It fell to 11.2% in 2008, and recovered under new leader Elke Kahr, becoming the second most popular party in Graz with 19.9% in 2012 and 20.3% in 2017. The KPÖ's popularity in Graz allowed them to enter the Styrian provincial parliament in the <a href="/wiki/2005_Styrian_state_election" title="2005 Styrian state election">2005 election</a>, marking their first appearance in an Austrian provincial parliament in 35 years; they have retained their seats in the subsequent 2010, 2015, and 2019 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2021 municipal election saw a collapse in the ÖVP's popularity, allowing the KPÖ, once again led by <a href="/wiki/Elke_Kahr" title="Elke Kahr">Elke Kahr</a>, to become the largest party with 29% of votes.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was subsequently elected mayor in November, leading a coalition with the Greens and SPÖ.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Graz_local_election" title="2021 Graz local election">2021 Graz local election</a></div> <p>The most recent city council election was held on 26 September 2021, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Lead candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th> <th><abbr title="Councillors (in the city government)">Coun.</abbr> </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#AA0000; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">Communist Party of Austria</a> (KPÖ) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Elke_Kahr" title="Elke Kahr">Elke Kahr</a> </td> <td>34,283 </td> <td>28.84 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.50 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#63C3D0; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_People%27s_Party" title="Austrian People's Party">Austrian People's Party</a> (ÖVP) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Nagl" title="Siegfried Nagl">Siegfried Nagl</a> </td> <td>30,797 </td> <td>25.91 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11.88 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#87B529; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_%E2%80%93_The_Green_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens – The Green Alternative">The Greens – The Green Alternative</a> (GRÜNE) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Schwentner" title="Judith Schwentner">Judith Schwentner</a> </td> <td>20,593 </td> <td>17.32 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.81 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0056A2; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a> (FPÖ) </td> <td align="left">Mario Eustacchio </td> <td>12,612 </td> <td>10.61 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.25 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E42712; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">Social Democratic Party of Austria</a> (SPÖ) </td> <td align="left">Michael Ehmann </td> <td>11,325 </td> <td>9.53 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.52 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#CB1667; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/NEOS_%E2%80%93_The_New_Austria_and_Liberal_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum">NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum</a> (NEOS) </td> <td align="left">Philipp Pointner </td> <td>6,447 </td> <td>5.42 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.48 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Others </td> <td align="left">– </td> <td>2,825 </td> <td>2.37 </td> <td>– </td> <td>0 </td> <td>±0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>1,807 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>120,689 </th> <th>100.00 </th> <th> </th> <th>48 </th> <th>±0 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>223,512 </th> <th>54.00 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.39 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnis.graz.at/?report=ReportResult;district=Graz%20gesamt;party=%C3%96VP;minMax=Absteigend">Stadt Graz</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During 2003 Graz held the title of "<a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>" and was one of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> "Cities of Design" in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg/220px-Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg/330px-Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg/440px-Graz_Kunsthaus_vom_Schlossberg_20061126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The Graz Museum of Contemporary Art (Kunsthaus)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_graz14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tramway_graz14.jpg/220px-Tramway_graz14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tramway_graz14.jpg/330px-Tramway_graz14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tramway_graz14.jpg/440px-Tramway_graz14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tramway Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:07_Graz,_Austria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg/220px-07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg/330px-07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg/440px-07_Graz%2C_Austria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>View from the Castle Hill (Schlossberg) with the Museum of Contemporary Art (Kunsthaus) in the centre</figcaption></figure> <p>The most important museums in Graz are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Eggenberg_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg Palace (Schloss Eggenberg)</a> with the Old Gallery (Alte Galerie) (paintings and sculptures from the Romanesque to the end of the Baroque period), Coin Collection, <a href="/wiki/Lapidarium" title="Lapidarium">Lapidarium</a> (Roman stonework collection), Archaeological Museum (featuring the <a href="/wiki/Cult_Wagon_of_Strettweg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult Wagon of Strettweg">Cult Wagon of Strettweg</a>) a special exhibitions area and the 90,000 m<sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/English_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="English garden">romantic landscape gardens</a>.</li> <li>Museum in the Palace (Museum im Palais): museum of Styrian cultural history from the Middle Ages to the present.</li> <li>New Gallery (Neue Galerie): visual arts from the 19th and 20th centuries.</li> <li>Natural History Museum: exhibition of botany, mineralogy and zoology.</li> <li>Graz City Museum (Stadtmuseum Graz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazer_Kunsthaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Grazer Kunsthaus">Museum of Contemporary Art (Kunsthaus)</a></li> <li>City Park Forum (Forum Stadtpark): museum of contemporary art.</li> <li>Camera Austria: museum of contemporary photography.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styrian_Armoury" title="Styrian Armoury">Armoury (Landeszeughaus)</a>: medieval <a href="/wiki/Armory_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory (military)">armoury</a> comprising 32,000 pieces of armour and weaponry, largest of its kind in the world.</li> <li>Folklore Museum (Volkskundemuseum): museum of <a href="/wiki/Folk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk culture">folk culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>.</li> <li>Diocesan Museum (Diözesanmuseum): museum of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>.</li> <li>Artists House (Künstlerhaus): exhibition hall of contemporary visual arts.</li> <li>Literature House (Literaturhaus): museum of contemporary <a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">German literature</a>.</li> <li>Museum of Perception (Museum der Wahrnehmung): museum of the senses, <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a> bath.</li> <li>Children's Museum Frida & Fred (Kindermuseum Frida & Fred): museum for children.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_Tramway_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Graz Tramway Museum">Tram Museum</a>: 40 historic <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>, the oldest dating from 1873.</li> <li>Kriminalmuseum: museum of criminology.</li> <li>Aviation Museum (Luftfahrtmuseum): situated at Graz Airport.</li> <li>Hanns Schell Collection: <a href="/wiki/Key_(lock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Key (lock)">key</a> and lock museum, largest of its kind in the world.</li> <li>Austrian Sculpture Park: seven hectares of contemporary sculpture.</li> <li>Botanical Garden of Graz: three architecturally interesting glass houses plus gardens.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city centre and the adjacent districts are characterized by the historic residential buildings and churches. In the outer districts buildings are predominantly of the architectural styles from the second half of the 20th century. </p><p>In 1965 the Graz School (<i>Grazer Schule</i>) was founded. Several buildings around the universities are of this style, e.g. the green houses by Volker Giencke and the <i>RESOWI</i> Centre by Günther Domenig. </p><p>Before Graz became European Capital of Culture in 2003, several new projects were realized, such as the <i>Stadthalle</i> - a multifunctional space for e.g. conventions and concerts -, the Children's Museum (<i>Kindermuseum</i>), the <i>Helmut-List-Halle</i>, the Museum of Contemporary Art (<i>Kunsthaus</i>) and the Island in the Mur (<i>Murinsel</i>). </p> <ul><li><b>Tallest buildings</b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg/170px-Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg/255px-Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg/340px-Graz_Herz_Jesu_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herz-Jesu-Kirche_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Graz)">Jeusus's Heart Church (Herz-Jesu-Kirche)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Buildings in Graz which are at least 50m tall: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Name or Address </th> <th>Completion </th> <th>Usage </th> <th>Height (m) </th> <th>floors </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>1. </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Herz-Jesu-Kirche_(Graz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Graz)">Jesus's Heart Church (Herz-Jesu-Kirche)</a> </td> <td>1887 </td> <td>church </td> <td>109 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2. </td> <td align="left">Elisabeth Building (Elisabeth Hochhaus) </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>residential </td> <td>75 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>3. 4. </td> <td align="left">Kärntner Straße 212, <a href="/wiki/Liebenau_(Graz)" title="Liebenau (Graz)">Liebenauer</a> Hauptstraße 309 </td> <td>1968 and 1955 </td> <td>residential </td> <td>69 </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>5. </td> <td align="left">Franciscan Church (Franziskanerkirche) </td> <td>1240 </td> <td>church </td> <td>69 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6. </td> <td align="left">Alpha Tower </td> <td>1960/2 floors added in 2015 </td> <td>residential </td> <td>67 </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>7. </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Telekom_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Telekom Austria">Telekom Austria</a> Tower </td> <td>1960s </td> <td>office </td> <td>65 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>8. </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">Basilica</a> Mariatrost </td> <td>1724 </td> <td>church </td> <td>61 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>9. </td> <td align="left">Styria Media Center </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>office </td> <td>60 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>10. </td> <td align="left">Science Tower </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>office </td> <td>60 </td> <td>12 plus skygarden </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>11. 12. 13. 14. </td> <td align="left">St. Peter Pfarrweg, Kindermanngasse, Hanuschgasse, Algersdorferstraße </td> <td>1960/70s </td> <td>residential </td> <td>55 </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>15. 16. 17. 18. </td> <td align="left">Vinzenz Muchitschstraße, Ungergasse, Kärntner Straße 216, Eggenberger Gürtel </td> <td>1970s </td> <td>residential </td> <td>52 </td> <td>16 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg/220px-Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg/330px-Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg/440px-Merkur_arena_graz_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>Merkur Arena Graz</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/SK_Sturm_Graz" title="SK Sturm Graz">SK Sturm Graz</a> is the main football club of the city, with Four Austrian championships, 5 Austrian Cup wins and 4 participations in the Champions League (where they were 1st in the first group stage in 2000/01 and therefore got promoted to the round of 16 as the first Austrian club ever). <a href="/wiki/Grazer_AK" title="Grazer AK">Grazer AK</a> also won an Austrian championship, but went into administration in 2007 and was excluded from the professional league system. </p><p>In ice hockey, <a href="/wiki/ATSE_Graz" title="ATSE Graz">ATSE Graz</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Hockey League">Austrian Hockey League</a> champion in 1975 and 1978. <a href="/wiki/EC_Graz" title="EC Graz">EC Graz</a> was runner-up in 1991–92, 1992–93 and 1993–94. <a href="/wiki/Graz_99ers" title="Graz 99ers">Graz 99ers</a> has played in the first division since 2000. </p><p><a href="/wiki/UBSC_Raiffeisen_Graz" class="mw-redirect" title="UBSC Raiffeisen Graz">UBSC Raiffeisen Graz</a> plays in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichische_Basketball_Bundesliga" class="mw-redirect" title="Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga">Austrian Basketball League</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Graz_Giants" title="Graz Giants">Graz Giants</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Football_League" title="Austrian Football League">Austrian Football League</a> (American Football). </p><p>The city bid for the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a> in 1995, but lost the election to <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styriarte">Styriarte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Styriarte"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graz hosts the annual festival of classical music <a href="/wiki/Styriarte" title="Styriarte">Styriarte</a>, founded in 1985 to tie conductor <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> closer to his hometown. Events have been held at different venues in Graz and in the surrounding region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialect">Dialect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Referred to as <i>Steirisch</i> by locals, Graz belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Bavarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Bavarian">Austro-Bavarian</a> region of dialects, more specifically a mix of <a href="/wiki/Central_Bavarian" title="Central Bavarian">Central Bavarian</a> in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" title="Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a> in the eastern part.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grazer <a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a>, the Graz subsidiary of Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, launched an initiative in 2008 called <i>Scho wieda Steirisch g'redt</i> to highlight the numerous dialects of Graz and Styria in general and to cultivate the pride many Styrians hold for their local culture. Two reasons for a melding of these dialects with <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a>: the influence of television and radio bringing Standard German into the home and the industrialization causing the disappearance of the single farmer since the farming communities are seen as the true keepers of dialect speaking.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway_graz23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tramway_graz23.jpg/220px-Tramway_graz23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tramway_graz23.jpg/330px-Tramway_graz23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Tramway_graz23.jpg/440px-Tramway_graz23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2960" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption>Tram at Jakomini square (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakominiplatz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakominiplatz (page does not exist)">Jakominiplatz</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg/220px-16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg/330px-16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg/440px-16-07-05-Flughafen-Graz-RR2_0347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Graz_Airport" title="Graz Airport">Graz Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An extensive <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> network makes Graz an easy city to navigate without a car. The city has a comprehensive bus network, complementing the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Graz" title="Trams in Graz">Graz tram network</a>, which has six lines. Four lines pass through the underground tram stop at the central train station (Hauptbahnhof) and on to the city centre before branching out. Furthermore, there are eight night-time bus routes, although these run only at weekends and on evenings preceding public holidays. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Schlossbergbahn_(Graz)" title="Schlossbergbahn (Graz)">Castle Hill funicular (Schlossbergbahn)</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castle_Hill_lift_(Schlossberg_lift)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castle Hill lift (Schlossberg lift) (page does not exist)">Castle Hill lift (Schlossberg lift)</a>, a vertical lift, link the city centre to the <a href="/wiki/Schlossberg_(Graz)" title="Schlossberg (Graz)">Castle Hill (Schlossberg)</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg/250px-Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg/330px-Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg/500px-Graz_Aufnahmsgeb%C3%A4ude_Hauptbahnhof-4380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5585" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Graz_Hauptbahnhof" title="Graz Hauptbahnhof">Graz Central Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From the central train station (<a href="/wiki/Graz_Hauptbahnhof" title="Graz Hauptbahnhof">Hauptbahnhof</a>), regional trains link to most of Styria. Direct trains run to most major cities nearby including <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Trains for Vienna leave every hour. In recent years many railway stations within the city limits and in the suburbs have been rebuilt or modernised and are now part of the <a href="/wiki/Styria_S-Bahn" title="Styria S-Bahn">Styria S-Bahn</a>, a commuter train service connecting the city with its suburban area and towns nearby. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Graz_Airport" title="Graz Airport">Graz Airport</a> is located about 10 km (6 mi) south of the city centre and is accessible by bus, railway, taxi and car. Direct destinations include Berlin, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Vienna and Zurich.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 a two-line <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro</a> system was proposed for Graz,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would make Graz the second Austrian city with a rapid transit system after Vienna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/220px-LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/330px-LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/440px-LKH_Graz_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption>LKH Graz</figcaption></figure> <p>In Graz there are seven hospitals, several private hospitals and sanatoriums, as well as 44 pharmacies. </p><p>The <i>University Hospital Graz</i> (LKH-Universitäts-Klinikum Graz) is located in eastern Graz and has 1,556 beds and 7,190 employees. The <i>Regional Hospital Graz II</i> (LKH Graz II) has two sites in Graz. The western site (LKH Graz II Standort West) is located in <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_(Graz)" title="Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg</a> and has 280 beds and about 500 employees, the southern site (LKH Graz II Standort Süd) specializes in neurology and psychiatry and is located in <a href="/wiki/Stra%C3%9Fgang" title="Straßgang">Straßgang</a> with 880 beds and 1,100 employees. The <i>AUVA Accident Hospital</i> (Unfallkrankenhaus der AUVA) is in <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_(Graz)" title="Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg</a> and has 180 beds and a total of 444 employees. </p><p>The Albert Schweitzer Clinic in the western part of the city is a geriatric hospital with 304 beds, the Hospital of St. John of God (Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder) has two sites in Graz, one in <a href="/wiki/Lend_(Graz)" title="Lend (Graz)">Lend</a> with 225 beds and one in <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_(Graz)" title="Eggenberg (Graz)">Eggenberg</a> with 260 beds. The Hospital of the Order of Saint Elizabeth (Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen) in <a href="/wiki/Gries_(Graz)" title="Gries (Graz)">Gries</a> has 182 beds. </p><p>There are several private clinics as well: the Privatklinik Kastanienhof, the Privatklinik Leech, the Privatklinik der Kreuzschwestern, the Sanatorium St. Leonhard, the Sanatorium Hansa and the Privatklinik Graz-Ragnitz. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_Austria" title="Emergency medical services in Austria">EMS</a> in Graz is provided solely by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Red_Cross" title="Austrian Red Cross">Austrian Red Cross</a>. Perpetually two emergency doctor's cars (<i>NEF – Notarzteinsatzfahrzeug</i>), two NAWs (<i>Notarztwagen</i> – ambulances staffed with a physician in addition to regular personnel) and about 30 RTWs (<i>Rettungswagen</i> – regular ambulances) are on standby. Furthermore, several non-emergency ambulances (<i>KTW – Krankentransportwagen</i>) and a <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit#Mobile_intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">Mobile Intensive Care Unit (MICU)</a> are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Cross">Red Cross</a> to transport non-emergency patients to and between hospitals. In addition to the Red Cross, the Labourers'-Samaritan-Alliance (Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Österreichs), the Austrian organisation of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a> (Malteser Hospitaldienst Austria) and the Green Cross (<i>Grünes Kreuz</i>) operate ambulances (<i>KTW</i>) for non-emergency patient transport. In addition to the cars, there's also the C12 air ambulance helicopter stationed at Graz airport, staffed with an emergency physician in addition to regular personnel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Austria" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria">List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG/220px-Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG/330px-Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG/440px-Graz_Denkmal_Staedtefreundschaft_DSCN0584.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Graz is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, United States, since 1950<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, England, United Kingdom, since 1957<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coventry_twins_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twins-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coventry_twinnings_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coventry_twinnings-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Groningen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen</a>, Netherlands, since 1964<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Groningen_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groningen-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, Germany, since 1968<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Darmstadt_twinnings_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darmstadt_twinnings-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, Norway, since 1968<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trondheim_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trondheim-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>, Croatia, since 1972<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pula_twinnings_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pula_twinnings-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Italy, since 1973<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>, Romania, since 1982<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, Slovenia, since 1987<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, Hungary, since 1989<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, Croatia, since 1994<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia, since 2001<sup id="cite_ref-Ljubljana_twinnings_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ljubljana_twinnings-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia, since 2001<sup id="cite_ref-Graz_38-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graz-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (On-Hold, since March 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Other forms of cooperation and city friendship similar to the twin city programmes</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>, Serbia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are some past and present notable residents of Graz. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oktavia_Aigner-Rollett" title="Oktavia Aigner-Rollett">Oktavia Aigner-Rollett</a> (1877–1959), prominent physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a> (born 1942), <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nestroy" title="Johann Nestroy">Johann Nestroy</a> (1801-1862), playwright and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a> (1578–1637), Holy Roman Emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" title="Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland">Anne of Austria</a> (1573–1598), Queen of Poland and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> (1608-1657), Holy Roman Emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Babai" title="Béla Babai">Béla Babai</a> (1914–1997), <a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani American</a> musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wladimir_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Wladimir Köppen">Wladimir Köppen</a> (1846-1940), geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Bauer_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Bauer (writer)">Wolfgang Bauer</a> (1941–2005), Austrian writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Blanca_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Blanca of Spain">Infanta Blanca of Spain</a> (1868–1949), claimant to the throne of Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm">Karl Böhm</a> (1894–1981), Austrian conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a> (1844–1906), physicist, university Professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing" title="Richard von Krafft-Ebing">Richard von Krafft-Ebing</a> (1840–1902), psychiatrist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Austria" title="Constance of Austria">Constance of Austria</a> (1588–1631), Queen of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Ellison" title="Ulrich Ellison">Ulrich Ellison</a>, singer/songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> (1782–1859), field marshall, imperial regent and modernizer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> (1863–1914), heir to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian">Austro-Hungarian</a> throne.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Fjord" title="Olaf Fjord">Olaf Fjord</a> (1897–1945), actor, film director and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Gina_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Gina of Liechtenstein">Princess Gina of Liechtenstein</a> (1921–1989), <a href="/wiki/List_of_princesses_consort_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of princesses consort of Liechtenstein">Princess of Liechtenstein</a> from 1943 to 1989</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Rosegger" title="Peter Rosegger">Peter Rosegger</a> (1843–1918), writer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Julius_Haidvogel" title="Carl Julius Haidvogel">Carl Julius Haidvogel</a> (1891–1974), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Hammerl" title="Gregor Hammerl">Gregor Hammerl</a> (1942–2023), President of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Council of Austria">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Harnoncourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Harnoncourt">Nicolaus Harnoncourt</a> (1929–2016), raised in Graz, conductor of classical works on period instruments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herdtrich" title="Christian Herdtrich">Christian Herdtrich</a> (1625–1684), Austrian Jesuit missionary to the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Franz Hess</a> (1883–1964), <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hollmann_(director)" title="Hans Hollmann (director)">Hans Hollmann</a> (1933–2022), theatre director and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> (1571–1630), a German astronomer, astrologer, natural philosopher and mathematics teacher at a local seminary.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kollars" title="Helmut Kollars">Helmut Kollars</a> (born 1968), writer and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (1873–1961), <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning physiologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Gregoria_Maximiliana_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria">Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria</a> (1581–1597)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Michael_Maitzen" title="Hans Michael Maitzen">Hans Michael Maitzen</a> (born 1943), astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisa_Mell" title="Marisa Mell">Marisa Mell</a> (1939–1992), actress born and raised in Graz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franziska_Meissner-Diemer" title="Franziska Meissner-Diemer">Franziska Meissner-Diemer</a> (1841–1919), journalist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Meyszner" title="August Meyszner">August Meyszner</a> (1886–1947), SS officer executed for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Musger" title="August Musger">August Musger</a> (1868–1929), invented slow motion cinema means</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Neuwirth" title="Olga Neuwirth">Olga Neuwirth</a> (born 1968), contemporary Austrian composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lili_Novy" title="Lili Novy">Lili Novy</a> (1885–1958), <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> lyric poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Pachler" title="Marie Pachler">Marie Pachler</a> (1794–1855), Austrian pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Puch" title="Johann Puch">Johann Puch</a> (1862–1914), a Slovene inventor and mechanic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Rainer" title="Adam Rainer">Adam Rainer</a> (1899–1950), only documented person to have been both one of the shortest and one of tallest people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rintelen" title="Anton Rintelen">Anton Rintelen</a> (1876–1946), cabinet minister and <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> conspirator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Roschmann" title="Eduard Roschmann">Eduard Roschmann</a> (1908–1977), Nazi SS Riga ghetto commandant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Schleich" title="Josef Schleich">Josef Schleich</a> (1902–1949), farmer, helped liberate Jews in WWII</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schloffer" title="Hermann Schloffer">Hermann Schloffer</a> (1868–1937), surgeon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Schnider" title="Andreas Schnider">Andreas Schnider</a> (born 1959), theologian, academic teacher, author, publisher, consultant and politician, (ÖVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> (1887–1961), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Nobel Prize–winning physicist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_field_theory" title="Quantum field theory">quantum theory</a>, Chancellor of Graz University in 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Schwab" title="Werner Schwab">Werner Schwab</a> (1958–1994), playwright and visual artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> (born 1947), former <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilding</a> champion, actor and former governor of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; born and raised in farming village <a href="/wiki/Thal,_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Thal, Austria">Thal</a>, 2 miles (3.2 km) from Graz.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_Stakston" title="Brit Stakston">Brit Stakston</a> (born 1961), writer, public speaker and media strategist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_St._Florian" title="Friedrich St. Florian">Friedrich St. Florian</a> (born 1932), Austrian-American architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stolz" title="Robert Stolz">Robert Stolz</a> (1880–1975), Austrian composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> (1856–1943), a Serbian-American inventor, who studied electrical engineering in Graz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertha_T%C3%B6pper" title="Hertha Töpper">Hertha Töpper</a> (1924–2020), opera and concert <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrich_von_Eggenberg" title="Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg">Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg</a> (1568–1634), Austrian statesman and early "prime minister" during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernhard_Fischer_von_Erlach" title="Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach">Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach</a> (1656–1723), architect of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Hammer-Purgstall" title="Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall">Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall</a> (1774–1856), Austrian orientalist, historian and diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_von_Kirchsberg" title="Ernestine von Kirchsberg">Ernestine von Kirchsberg</a> (1857–1924), landscape painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Sacher-Masoch" title="Leopold von Sacher-Masoch">Leopold von Sacher-Masoch</a> (1836–1895), writer and journalist, studied in Graz; the term masochism is derived from his name</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_von_Ungern-Sternberg" title="Roman von Ungern-Sternberg">Roman von Ungern-Sternberg</a> (1886–1921), prominent figure in the Russian <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> and dictator of <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> in 1921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Voves" title="Franz Voves">Franz Voves</a> (born 1953), Austrian politician (SPÖ), State governor of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> for 10 years, icehockey player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Br%C3%BCckler" title="Bernd Brückler">Bernd Brückler</a> (born 1981), professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dobida" title="Hans Dobida">Hans Dobida</a> (born 1929), Austrian former ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Eberl" title="Elisabeth Eberl">Elisabeth Eberl</a> (born 1988), Olympic <a href="/wiki/Javelin_throw" title="Javelin throw">javelin thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gspurning" title="Michael Gspurning">Michael Gspurning</a> (born 1981), goalkeeper for FC Schalke 04</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Hoeberl" title="Manfred Hoeberl">Manfred Hoeberl</a> (born 1964), powerlifter and strongman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Marko" title="Helmut Marko">Helmut Marko</a> (born 1943), former racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pogatetz" title="Emanuel Pogatetz">Emanuel Pogatetz</a> (born 1983), footballer, played 446 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Rindt" title="Jochen Rindt">Jochen Rindt</a> (1942–1970), first Austrian <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> champion raised in Graz by his grandmother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Schnider" title="Gert Schnider">Gert Schnider</a> (born 1979), <a href="/wiki/Abalone_(board_game)" title="Abalone (board game)">Abalone</a> champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Schopp" title="Markus Schopp">Markus Schopp</a> (born 1974), former footballer, played 364 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tebbich" title="Thomas Tebbich">Thomas Tebbich</a> (born 1975), decathlete and pole vaulter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vanek" title="Thomas Vanek">Thomas Vanek</a> (born 1984), <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> player, raised in Graz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wanz" title="Otto Wanz">Otto Wanz</a> (1943–2017), former <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestler" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional wrestler">professional wrestler</a> who held <a href="/wiki/AWA_World_Heavyweight_Championship" title="AWA World Heavyweight Championship">AWA World Heavyweight Championship</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Austria" title="Portal:Austria">Austria portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria">List of World Heritage Sites in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastner_%26_%C3%96hler" title="Kastner & Öhler">Kastner & Öhler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-arora-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arora_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArora2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arora, Steffen (13 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000131128582/kpoe-gefuehrte-links-koalition-stellt-ihr-programm-fuer-graz-vor">"KPÖ-geführte Linkskoalition stellt ihr "Programm für Graz" vor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Standard" title="Der Standard">Der Standard</a></i> (in Austrian German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oeaw.ac.at/41tage/41-tage-kriegsende-1945-english">the original</a> on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=41+Tage.+Kriegsende+1945+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oeaw.ac.at%2F41tage%2F41-tage-kriegsende-1945-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.at/en/statistics/population-and-society/population/population-stock/historic-censuses">"Historic Censuses - STATISTICS AUSTRIA"</a>. Statistics Austria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Censuses+-+STATISTICS+AUSTRIA&rft.pub=Statistics+Austria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik.at%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Fpopulation-and-society%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-stock%2Fhistoric-censuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKober" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kober, Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Graz, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graz.at/cms/beitrag/10022937/7771507/Statistik_auslaendische_Einwohnerinnen.html">"Statistik - ausländische Einwohner:innen"</a>. <i>Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Graz</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadtportal+der+Landeshauptstadt+Graz&rft.atitle=Statistik+-+ausl%C3%A4ndische+Einwohner%3Ainnen&rft.aulast=Kober&rft.aufirst=Stadtportal+der+Landeshauptstadt+Graz%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.graz.at%2Fcms%2Fbeitrag%2F10022937%2F7771507%2FStatistik_auslaendische_Einwohnerinnen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graz.at/cms/dokumente/10022937_7771507/07412cb2/TOP%2020%20der%20anwesenden%20Bevölkerung%20nach%20Staatsangehörigkeit_01.01.2025.pdf">"Top 20 der anwesenden Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit (ohne Österreich) nach Ranking der Hauptwohnsitze"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+20+der+anwesenden+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit+%28ohne+%C3%96sterreich%29+nach+Ranking+der+Hauptwohnsitze&rft.date=2025-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.graz.at%2Fcms%2Fdokumente%2F10022937_7771507%2F07412cb2%2FTOP%252020%2520der%2520anwesenden%2520Bev%C3%B6lkerung%2520nach%2520Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit_01.01.2025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=4211&cityname=Graz,+Styria,+Austria&units=">"Graz, Austria Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Graz%2C+Austria+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D4211%26cityname%3DGraz%2C%2BStyria%2C%2BAustria%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaha2012" class="citation book cs1">Saha, Pijushkanti (5 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4ymCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA293"><i>Modern Climatology</i></a>. Allied Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184247565" title="Special:BookSources/9788184247565"><bdi>9788184247565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Climatology&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft.isbn=9788184247565&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=Pijushkanti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4ymCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graz-Universität Klimadaten</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZAMGnormals-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZAMGnormals_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZAMGnormals_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605200319/https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/copy_of_klimanormalperiode_19912020.xlsx">"Klimamittelwerte 1991-2020"</a> (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/copy_of_klimanormalperiode_19912020.xlsx">the original</a> on 5 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimamittelwerte+1991-2020&rft.pub=Central+Institute+for+Meteorology+and+Geodynamics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zamg.ac.at%2Fcms%2Fde%2Fdokumente%2Fklima%2Fdok_klimauebersichten%2Fcopy_of_klimanormalperiode_19912020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZAMG1961-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZAMG1961_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605200551/https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/klimanormalwerte-oesterreich-1961-1990">"Klimanormalwerte Österreich 1961–1990"</a> (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/klimanormalwerte-oesterreich-1961-1990">the original</a> on 5 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimanormalwerte+%C3%96sterreich+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Central+Institute+for+Meteorology+and+Geodynamics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zamg.ac.at%2Fcms%2Fde%2Fdokumente%2Fklima%2Fdok_klimauebersichten%2Fklimanormalwerte-oesterreich-1961-1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605202019/http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/daten/klimadaten/stm/16400.htm">"Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000–Graz-Flughafen"</a> (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/daten/klimadaten/stm/16400.htm">the original</a> on 5 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimadaten+von+%C3%96sterreich+1971%E2%80%932000%E2%80%93Graz-Flughafen&rft.pub=Central+Institute+for+Meteorology+and+Geodynamics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zamg.ac.at%2Ffix%2Fklima%2Foe71-00%2Fklima2000%2Fdaten%2Fklimadaten%2Fstm%2F16400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/OS/11240.TXT">"Graz - Thalerhof Climaate Normals for 1961-1990"</a>. <i>ncei.noaa.gov</i>. National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>WMO Station Number:11240</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=Graz+-+Thalerhof+Climaate+Normals+for+1961-1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-VI%2FOS%2F11240.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-H9LFKLTH/?">"Primeri nekaj sklanjatev in spregatev v Megiserjevem Dictionarium quatuor linguarum 1592"</a> [The Concise Grammar of Four Languages in Megiser's 1592 Dictionary]. <i>Jezikoslovni Zapiski</i> (in Slovenian). <b>13</b> (1/2). Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, ZRC SAZU: <span class="nowrap">23–</span>32. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0354-0448">0354-0448</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/COBISS_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBISS (identifier)">COBISS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/bib/26967085">26967085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jezikoslovni+Zapiski&rft.atitle=Primeri+nekaj+sklanjatev+in+spregatev+v+Megiserjevem+Dictionarium+quatuor+linguarum+1592&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0354-0448&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlib.si%2Fdetails%2FURN%3ANBN%3ASI%3ADOC-H9LFKLTH%2F%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Granda-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Granda_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Granda_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGranda2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Granda, Stane (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isn.zrc-sazu.si/files/file/Traditiones/Traditiones_35_2_Krek_separati/TR352%20099-103%20Granda.pdf">"Gradec in Slovenci"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Traditiones</i> (in Slovenian). Vol. 35, no. 2. University of Graz. pp. <span class="nowrap">99–</span>103. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818172011/http://isn.zrc-sazu.si/files/file/Traditiones/Traditiones_35_2_Krek_separati/TR352%20099-103%20Granda.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traditiones&rft.atitle=Gradec+in+Slovenci&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Granda&rft.aufirst=Stane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisn.zrc-sazu.si%2Ffiles%2Ffile%2FTraditiones%2FTraditiones_35_2_Krek_separati%2FTR352%2520099-103%2520Granda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srl.si/arhiv/2002-01/pdf/sumrada.pdf">"Janez Nepomuk Primic in ustanovitev stolice za slovenski jezik na liceju v Gradcu 1811"</a> [Janez Nepomuk Primic and the Establishment of the Chair of Slovene at the <i>Lyzeum</i> in Graz in 1811] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Slavistična revija [Journal of Slavic Linguistics]</i> (in Slovenian). <b>50</b> (1). January–March 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1855-7570">1855-7570</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232426/http://www.srl.si/arhiv/2002-01/pdf/sumrada.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavisti%C4%8Dna+revija+%5BJournal+of+Slavic+Linguistics%5D&rft.atitle=Janez+Nepomuk+Primic+in+ustanovitev+stolice+za+slovenski+jezik+na+liceju+v+Gradcu+1811&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2002-01%2F2002-03&rft.issn=1855-7570&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srl.si%2Farhiv%2F2002-01%2Fpdf%2Fsumrada.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBračič2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bračič, Bojan (November–December 2011). 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Pošta Slovenije [Post of Slovenia]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1318-5705">1318-5705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Razgledi%3A+glasilo+Po%C5%A1te+Slovenije+%5BViews%3A+The+Bulletin+of+the+Post+of+Slovenia%5D&rft.atitle=Predstavitev+znamke+v+baro%C4%8Dni+dvorani+gra%C5%A1kega+semeni%C5%A1%C4%8Da&rft.date=2011-11%2F2011-12&rft.issn=1318-5705&rft.aulast=Bra%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Bojan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posta.si%2Fdownloadfile.aspx%3Ffileid%3D18801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLöwenstein2014" class="citation news cs1">Löwenstein, Stephan (19 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/europa/oesterreich-wuerschtl-statt-weltrevolution-12892839.html">"Klutz instead of World Revolution"</a>. <i>Faz.net</i>. <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Faz.net&rft.atitle=Klutz+instead+of+World+Revolution&rft.date=2014-04-19&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wenstein&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2Feuropa%2Foesterreich-wuerschtl-statt-weltrevolution-12892839.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2021/09/communist-party-of-austria-kpo-graz-election-victory-red-fortress">"The Communist Party Just Won the Elections in Austria's Second-Biggest City"</a>. <i>Jacobin</i>. 27 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ljubljana.si/en/about-ljubljana/twin_cities_association_-memberships/">the original</a> on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mestna+ob%C4%8Dina+Ljubljana+%28Ljubljana+City%29&rft.atitle=Twin+cities+and+association+memberships&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ljubljana.si%2Fen%2Fabout-ljubljana%2Ftwin_cities_association_-memberships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.spb.ru/helper/new_stat/inter/"><bdi lang="ru">Международные и межрегиональные связи</bdi></a> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.spb.ru%2Fhelper%2Fnew_stat%2Finter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grazer.at/de/hdjszOWn/offiziell-stadt-graz-friert-partnerschaft-mit-st/">"Stadt Graz friert Partnerschaft mit St. Petersburg ein"</a>. <i>grazer.at</i> (in German). der Grazer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=grazer.at&rft.atitle=Stadt+Graz+friert+Partnerschaft+mit+St.+Petersburg+ein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrazer.at%2Fde%2FhdjszOWn%2Foffiziell-stadt-graz-friert-partnerschaft-mit-st%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPribram1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Francis_Pribram" title="Alfred Francis Pribram">Pribram, Alfred Francis</a> (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Francis Ferdinand"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Francis_Ferdinand">"Francis Ferdinand" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 31 (12th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Francis+Ferdinand&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=12th&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuonder1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Huonder, Anthony (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Christian Wolfgang Herdtrich"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Christian_Wolfgang_Herdtrich">"Christian Wolfgang Herdtrich" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+Wolfgang+Herdtrich&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Huonder&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClerke1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Clerke" title="Agnes Mary Clerke">Clerke, Agnes Mary</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kepler, Johann"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kepler,_Johann">"Kepler, Johann" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">749–</span>751.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kepler%2C+Johann&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E749-%3C%2Fspan%3E751&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Clerke&rft.aufirst=Agnes+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Eggenberg, Hans Ulrich von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Eggenberg,_Hans_Ulrich_von">"Eggenberg, Hans Ulrich von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eggenberg%2C+Hans+Ulrich+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Fischer_von_Erlach,_Johann_Bernhard">"Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. VII. 1905. p. 658.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fischer+von+Erlach%2C+Johann+Bernhard&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=658&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hammer-Purgstall,_Joseph,_Freiherr_von">"Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 898.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hammer-Purgstall%2C+Joseph%2C+Freiherr+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=898&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408185603/http://www.rechnungshof.gv.at/fileadmin/downloads/Teilberichte/Steiermark/Steiermark_2006_02/Steiermark_2006_02_1.pdf">"Graz: Stadtplanung und Stadtentwicklung (Rechnungshofbericht, 2006) in German"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rechnungshof.gv.at/fileadmin/downloads/Teilberichte/Steiermark/Steiermark_2006_02/Steiermark_2006_02_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Graz%3A+Stadtplanung+und+Stadtentwicklung+%28Rechnungshofbericht%2C+2006%29+in+German&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rechnungshof.gv.at%2Ffileadmin%2Fdownloads%2FTeilberichte%2FSteiermark%2FSteiermark_2006_02%2FSteiermark_2006_02_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Graz#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Graz">Bibliography of the history of Graz</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Official websites</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Graz" class="extiw" title="commons:Graz"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Graz</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Graz#Q13298" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Graz">Graz</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Graz" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Graz">Graz</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graz.at">City website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120815073300/http://www.graz.at/cms/ziel/232882/DE/">Graz Citizen's Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graztourismus.at/en">Graz Tourist Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kultur.graz.at/">KulturServerGraz Town's cultural portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verbundlinie.at/lang/en/">Public transport in Graz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sworld.co.uk/01/1953/place/graz-old-town">Graz old town – Secret World</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistik.at/blickgem/gemDetail.do?gemnr=60101">"Municipal data for Graz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Statistik_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistik Austria">Statistik Austria</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistik+Austria&rft.atitle=Municipal+data+for+Graz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik.at%2Fblickgem%2FgemDetail.do%3Fgemnr%3D60101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>History</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hist-chron.com/eu/oe/EncJud_juden-in-Graz-ENGL.html">Jews in Graz. Expelled 1439 – returned 1447 – expelled 1496 – returned 1783 – holocaust</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030254/http://www.hist-chron.com/eu/oe/EncJud_juden-in-Graz-ENGL.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (from Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971)</li></ul> <p><b>Further information</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Graz"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Graz">"Graz" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">395–</span>396.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Graz&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E395-%3C%2Fspan%3E396&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGraz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graz.city-map.at/">Various Graz Information</a> Sorted by Categories. Choose from 5 languages.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="List of cities and towns in Austria">Principal cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg" title="Feldkirch, Vorarlberg">Feldkirch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leoben" title="Leoben">Leoben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lienz" title="Lienz">Lienz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steyr" title="Steyr">Steyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villach" title="Villach">Villach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wels" title="Wels">Wels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Styria&#124;link=Styria_Cities_and_districts_(Bezirke)_of_Styria160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Styria" title="Template:Styria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Styria" title="Template talk:Styria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Styria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Styria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Styria&#124;link=Styria_Cities_and_districts_(Bezirke)_of_Styria160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria"><img alt="Styria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Styria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Styria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Cities and districts (<i>Bezirke</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;background:white;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Styria,_districts_(2015).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the districts of Styria"><img alt="Map indicating the districts of Styria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_of_Styria%2C_districts_%282015%29.png/120px-Map_of_Styria%2C_districts_%282015%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_of_Styria%2C_districts_%282015%29.png/250px-Map_of_Styria%2C_districts_%282015%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruck-M%C3%BCrzzuschlag_District" title="Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District">Bruck-Mürzzuschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandsberg_District" title="Deutschlandsberg District">Deutschlandsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz-Umgebung_District" title="Graz-Umgebung District">Graz-Umgebung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartberg-F%C3%BCrstenfeld_District" title="Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District">Hartberg-Fürstenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leibnitz_District" title="Leibnitz District">Leibnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leoben_District" title="Leoben District">Leoben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liezen_District" title="Liezen District">Liezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murau_District" title="Murau District">Murau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtal_District" title="Murtal District">Murtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdoststeiermark_District" title="Südoststeiermark District">Südoststeiermark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voitsberg_District" title="Voitsberg District">Voitsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiz_District" title="Weiz District">Weiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_seats_of_Austrian_provinces79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_Seats" title="Template:Austrian Seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_Seats" title="Template talk:Austrian Seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_Seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian Seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_seats_of_Austrian_provinces79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative seats of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">provinces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austria_Bundesadler.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Austria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/25px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/38px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Austria_Bundesadler.svg/50px-Austria_Bundesadler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="782" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Austria"><img alt="Flag of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">1985</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1986</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1987</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1988</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1989</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1990</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1991</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1992</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1993</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1994</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1995</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1996</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1997</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1998</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1999</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2000</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2001</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2002</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2003</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2004</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2005</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2006</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2007</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2008</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2009</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2010</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2011</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2012</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2013</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2014</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2015</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2016</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2017</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2018</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2019</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2020-April 2021</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2022</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2023</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2024</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2025</span></dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></b></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2026</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2027</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria500" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Austria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Austria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Austria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria500" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria">World Heritage Sites in Austria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_the_City_of_Salzburg" title="Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg">Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbrunn_Palace" title="Schönbrunn Palace">Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut_Cultural_Landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape">Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmering_railway" title="Semmering railway">Semmering Railway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Graz</a> – <a href="/wiki/Innere_Stadt_(Graz)" title="Innere Stadt (Graz)">Historic Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eggenberg_Castle,_Graz" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggenberg Castle, Graz">Schloss Eggenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wachau" title="Wachau">Wachau Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Neusiedl" title="Lake Neusiedl">Fertő / Neusiedlersee</a> Cultural Landscape<sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innere_Stadt" title="Innere Stadt">Historic Centre of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Austria"><img alt="Flag of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/50px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/75px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/100px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Austria</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1867" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1867" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417836269">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/160255975">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205455/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJktpJVcxjchcCfQrJBXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Graz"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021912-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79064653">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Štýrský Hradec (Rakousko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128479&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX459192">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000604374&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=3082">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564351105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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