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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atlas_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlas_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Atlas Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlas_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DC_Comics_romance-comics_artist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DC_Comics_romance-comics_artist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>DC Comics romance-comics artist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DC_Comics_romance-comics_artist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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</li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" 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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DC_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DC_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>DC Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DC_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marvel_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marvel_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Marvel Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marvel_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marvel_Comics_and_DC_Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marvel_Comics_and_DC_Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Marvel Comics and DC Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marvel_Comics_and_DC_Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Romita Sr.</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8" title="جون روميتا الأب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون روميتا الأب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_senior" title="John Romita senior – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Romita senior" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جان رومیتا سینیور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان رومیتا سینیور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="ჯონ რომიტა (უფროსი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ რომიტა (უფროსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ რომიტა უნჩაში – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონ რომიტა უნჩაში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="جون روميتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون روميتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_sr." title="John Romita sr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Romita sr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BBSr" title="ジョン・ロミータ・Sr – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ロミータ・Sr" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita" title="John Romita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Romita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Ромита, Джон (старший) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ромита, Джон (старший)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita,_Sr." title="John Romita, Sr. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Romita, Sr." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr. – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Romita Sr." data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Джон Роміта-старший – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Роміта-старший" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E5%A1%94" title="老约翰·罗米塔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="老约翰·罗米塔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American comic book artist (1930–2023)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133510734">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-title{background-color:#99c2ff}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-foreign-name{font-size:97%}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-creator biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">John Romita Sr.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Romita_Sr,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Romita smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/John_Romita_Sr%2C_2006.jpg/220px-John_Romita_Sr%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/John_Romita_Sr%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="330" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Romita in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">John Victor Romita<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1930-01-24</span>)</span>January 24, 1930<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 12, 2023<span style="display:none">(2023-06-12)</span> (aged 93)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Floral_Park,_New_York" title="Floral Park, New York">Floral Park, New York</a>, U.S.</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Area(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">Penciller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">Inker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable works</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher" class="mw-redirect" title="The Punisher">The Punisher</a></i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="sslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a>, 1979</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame</a>, 2002</li><li><a href="/wiki/Inkwell_Awards" title="Inkwell Awards">Inkwell Awards Joe Sinnott Hall of Fame</a>, 2020</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Virginia Bruno</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1952)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Jr.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Victor Romita</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; January 24, 1930 – June 12, 2023) was an American comic book artist best known for his work on <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> and for co-creating characters including <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Watson" title="Mary Jane Watson">Mary Jane Watson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Punisher" title="Punisher">Punisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(character)" title="Kingpin (character)">Kingpin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage" title="Luke Cage">Luke Cage</a>. Romita was the father of <a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Romita Jr.</a>, also a comic book artist, and the husband of Virginia Romita, who was for many years Marvel's traffic manager. </p><p>His first comics work was in 1949 as a <a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">ghost artist</a> for <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a>, the precursor to Marvel, through which Romita met editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>. In 1951, Romita began drawing horror, war, and romance comics for <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas Comics</a> (previously Timely), and also drew his first superhero work, a 1950s revival of <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a>. He worked exclusively for <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> from 1958 to 1965 and was the artist for many of their romance comics. During these years, Romita further developed his ability to draw beautiful women, which he later became well-known for. </p><p>Romita joined Marvel in 1965, initially drawing <a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)">Daredevil</a> comics. In 1966, when <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a> artist and co-creator <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a> left Marvel, Romita was chosen by writer Lee as the new artist for <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Spider-Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazing Spider-Man">Amazing Spider-Man</a></i>. Within a year of Romita becoming the Spider-Man artist, <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> rose from Marvel's second-best-selling title to the company's top-seller. Romita brought a new romance style to Spider-Man comics that soon became the new design for the character. In June 1973, Romita was promoted to Marvel's art director and heavily influenced the look of Marvel comics throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Romita was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a> in 2002. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Victor Romita<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born on January 24, 1930, in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City, where he was also raised.<sup id="cite_ref-CBG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The son of Marie and Victor Romita, a baker,<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton20074_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton20074-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he also had three sisters and a brother.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita was of <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> descent, from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. He began drawing at 5 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita graduated from <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="High School of Art and Design">School of Industrial Art</a> in 1947, having attended for three years after spending ninth grade at a Brooklyn <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">junior high school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20028–9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20028–9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his instructors were <a href="/wiki/Howard_Simon" title="Howard Simon">Howard Simon</a>, a book illustrator, and Ben Clements, a magazine illustrator.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20029_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20029-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita was deeply influenced by a variety of artists and illustrators. As a young reader of comics, he admired <a href="/wiki/Noel_Sickles" title="Noel Sickles">Noel Sickles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Crane" title="Roy Crane">Roy Crane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caniff's <i><a href="/wiki/Terry_and_the_Pirates" title="Terry and the Pirates">Terry and the Pirates</a></i> in particular was an early inspiration for Romita.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200717_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200717-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in his career, he also drew inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Sy_Barry" title="Sy Barry">Sy Barry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond comics, he looked up to commercial illustrators such as <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whitcomb" title="Jon Whitcomb">Jon Whitcomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coby_Whitmore" title="Coby Whitmore">Coby Whitmore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Parker_(artist)" title="Al Parker (artist)">Al Parker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Romita's 17th birthday, he received his first artist work from the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_General_Hospital" title="Manhattan General Hospital">Manhattan General Hospital</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anesthesiologist">anesthesiologist</a> paid Romita $60 a week to create a medical exhibit on <a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">pneumatology</a> medicine, which Romita completed in six months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200715_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200715-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita entered the comics industry in 1949 on the series <i><a href="/wiki/Famous_Funnies" title="Famous Funnies">Famous Funnies</a></i>. "Steven Douglas up there was a benefactor to all young artists", Romita recalled. "The first story he gave me was a love story. It was terrible. All the women looked like emaciated men and he bought it, never criticized, and told me to keep working. He paid me two hundred dollars for it and never published it—and rightfully so".<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spurgeon_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spurgeon-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romita was working at the New York City company Forbes Lithograph in 1949, earning $30 a week, when comic book <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">inker</a> Lester Zakarin,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a friend from high school whom he ran into on a subway train, offered him either $17<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210–11_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210–11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or $20<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a page to <a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">pencil</a> a 10-page story, possibly a crime comic about 1920s mobsters,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for him as an uncredited <a href="/wiki/Ghost_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost writer">ghost artist</a>. Now making more money on two pages than his usual weekly salary, Romita accepted the story and continued to ghost for Zakarin on other work.<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was for Marvel's 1940s forerunner, <a href="/wiki/Timely_Comics" title="Timely Comics">Timely Comics</a>, which helped give Romita an opportunity to meet editor-in-chief and art director <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>. Romita ghost-penciled for Zakarin on Trojan Comics' <i>Crime-Smashers</i> and other titles, eventually signing some "Zakarin and Romita".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlas_Comics">Atlas Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Atlas Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaptainAmerica(Atlas)78.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3e/CaptainAmerica%28Atlas%2978.jpg/220px-CaptainAmerica%28Atlas%2978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3e/CaptainAmerica%28Atlas%2978.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption><i>Captain America</i> #78 (September 1954). Cover art by Romita.</figcaption></figure> <p>The collaboration ended in early 1951, when Romita was <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">drafted</a> into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taking the initiative prior to induction, he showed art samples to the base art director on <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Bay" title="New York Bay">New York Bay</a>, who arranged for him to be stationed there to do layouts for recruitment posters<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> once Romita had completed basic training at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dix" title="Fort Dix">Fort Dix</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita was promoted to corporal after seven or eight months; now allowed to live off the post, he rented an apartment in Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-ae11print_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae11print-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When not on duty, Romita could leave the base and go into Manhattan. In mid- to late 1951, he recalled in 2002, "I went uptown one day for lunch. I stopped over at Stan Lee's [office in the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, where Timely Comics had by now evolved into <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas Comics</a>], and his secretary came out ... and I said, 'Stan doesn't know my name but I've worked for him for over a year'. I was in uniform! She must've told him this GI ... wants to do some comics. She said, 'Stan said here's a four-page science fiction story'. I penciled it and struggled with my first inking. That was the first story I did on my own. I did <a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Westerns</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_comics" title="War comics">war stories</a> then".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection <i>Marvel Visionaries: John Romita Sr.</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former Marvel editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a>, in <i>Alter Ego</i> 9, each identify that four-page science fiction story as "It!", about a murderous alien in the guise of a baby.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That story saw print in <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a></i> #4 (December 1951), although the Grand Comics Database lists Romita's first identified published comic-book work as penciler and <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">inker</a> of the six-page story "The Bradshaw Boys" in Atlas' <i>Western Outlaws</i> #1 (February 1951)—published nearly a year earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may refer to a ghosted Zakarin story. The Atlas Tales database lists both "It!" and the six-page "Out of My Mind", in <i>Astonishing</i> #7 (also December 1951), as Romita's first full penciling and inking—although "It!" carries a later job number (9118) than the other tale (8964).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita went on to draw a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Horror_comics" title="Horror comics">horror comics</a>, war comics, <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">romance comics</a> and other genres for Atlas. His most prominent work for the company was the short-lived 1950s revival of Timely's hit character <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a>, in <i>Young Men</i> #24–28 (December 1953 – July 1954) and <i>Captain America</i> #76–78 (May–September 1954).<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita had been offered the Captain America work by Lee after Mort Lawrence's art was deemed unsatisfactory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200765_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200765-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character was billed now as "Captain America, Commie Smasher" in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and faced enemies associated with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2001123_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2001123-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series was a commercial failure, and was cancelled after just three issues.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita attributed the series' failure to the changing political climate, particularly the public opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>; the character subsequently fell out of active publication for nearly a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, Romita would render one of his first original characters, <a href="/wiki/M-11_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="M-11 (comics)">M-11</a> the Human Robot, in a five-page standalone science-fiction story in <i><a href="/wiki/Menace_(Atlas_Comics)" title="Menace (Atlas Comics)">Menace</a></i> #11 (May 1954). While not envisioned as an ongoing character, M-11 was resurrected decades later as a member of the super-hero team <a href="/wiki/Agents_of_Atlas" title="Agents of Atlas">Agents of Atlas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita was the primary artist for one of the first series with a black star, "Waku, Prince of the Bantu"—created by writer <a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Ogden_Whitney" title="Ogden Whitney">Ogden Whitney</a> in the omnibus title <i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Tales" title="Jungle Tales">Jungle Tales</a></i> #1 (September 1954). The ongoing short feature starred an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Africa">African</a> chieftain in Africa, with no regularly featured <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_race" title="Caucasian race">Caucasian</a> characters. Romita succeeded Whitney with issue #2 (November 1954).<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DC_Comics_romance-comics_artist">DC Comics romance-comics artist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: DC Comics romance-comics artist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1950s, while continuing to freelance for <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Comics_(1950s)" title="Atlas Comics (1950s)">Atlas</a>, Romita did uncredited work for <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita had been recommended to DC's editors by his artist friend <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a> while serving in the Korean War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200711_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200711-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After declining comics sales in the late 1950s forced Atlas to let most of their artists go, Romita transitioned to work for DC exclusively in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200713–16_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200713–16-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first known work for the company is the tentatively identified penciling credit for the cover of <a href="/wiki/Romance_comic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance comic">romance comic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Hearts" title="Secret Hearts">Secret Hearts</a></i> #58 (October 1959), and, confirmably, pencils for the seven-page story "I Know My Love", inked by Bernard Sachs in <i><a href="/wiki/Heart_Throbs" title="Heart Throbs">Heart Throbs</a></i> #63 (January 1960). Other titles to which he contributed include <i>Falling in Love</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Love_Stories" title="Girls' Love Stories">Girls' Love Stories</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Romances" title="Girls' Romances">Girls' Romances</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Love_(comics)" title="Young Love (comics)">Young Love</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200740,_186_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200740,_186-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita's artwork for these stories followed the house style for DC comics, and the first pages of his issues were often done by another artist. The cover art for <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">romance comics</a> was soon done primarily by Romita.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would "<a href="/wiki/Swipe_(comics)" title="Swipe (comics)">swipe</a>"—an artists' term for using existing work as models, a common practice among novices—from <a href="/wiki/Film_still" title="Film still">movie stills</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a> <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Terry_and_the_Pirates_(comic_strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terry and the Pirates (comic strip)">Terry and the Pirates</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernard Sachs and <a href="/wiki/Sy_Barry" title="Sy Barry">Sy Barry</a> inked some of Romita's romance work, but Romita began inking his own pencils in the late 1950s or early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita had hoped a DC editor would eventually offer him a superhero comic, such as a <i><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></i> filler issue, but Romita remained on the romance titles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200738_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200738-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly afterward, however, romance comics began declining in popularity, and by 1965, DC had ceased buying art for new romance comics. The company then only used romance comics from their large inventory of previously unpublished comics or published reprints. Romita was not offered work by the other genre departments, although admitted he did not try to present himself to them either.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200218_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200218-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita's last known DC story work was the six-page "My Heart Tricked Me", inked by Sachs, in <i>Girls' Romances</i> #121 (December 1966), though his spot illustrations, some or all of it reprints of earlier work, continued to appear on one-page "beauty tip" and other filler pages, as well as on letters pages, through early 1970, as did the occasional reprinted story.<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joining_Marvel_Comics">Joining Marvel Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Joining Marvel Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even before his final original DC story was published, Romita had already returned to freelance for what had now become <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>. His first work for Marvel was inking <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>'s cover and <a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a>'s interior pencils on the <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superhero</a>-team comic <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">The Avengers</a></i> #23 (December 1965).<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita directed most of his efforts, however, toward finding <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboard</a> work. He obtained a position at the large ad agency <a href="/wiki/BBDO" title="BBDO">BBDO</a> through his friend Al Normandia, one of the firm's <a href="/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art directors</a>. "They were going to pay me $250 a week. I'd made just over $200 a week with the romance [comics] but only by killing myself" with long hours of work. Struggling to find new ideas for comics, Romita decided he would only do <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">inking</a> for comic work again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200219_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200219-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marvel editor <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a>, however, had heard of Romita leaving DC, and asked to see him. At a three-hour meeting over lunch, Romita recalled that Lee promised to match the agency salary if Romita would come work for Marvel. Lee also assured him the freedom to choose his work location, allowing him to work either from home or the office on any given day, based on Romita's own preference.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200220–22_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200220–22-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita had also received an offer to work in advertising, but chose Marvel instead because Lee had promised consistent assignments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201136_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201136-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Romita felt he no longer wanted to <a href="/wiki/Penciler" class="mw-redirect" title="Penciler">pencil</a>, in favor of being solely an inker, Lee soon enticed him otherwise: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I had inked an <i>Avengers</i> job for Stan, and I told him I just wanted to ink. I felt like I was burned out as a penciler after eight years of romance work. I didn't want to pencil any more; in fact, I couldn't work at home any more—I couldn't discipline myself to do it. He said, "Okay," but the first chance he had he shows me this <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i> story somebody had started and he didn't like it, and he wanted somebody else to do it.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [He] showed me <a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a>' splash page for a <i>Daredevil</i> [and] asked me, 'What would you do with this page?' I showed him on a tracing paper what I would do, and then he asked me to do a drawing of Daredevil the way I would do it. I did a big drawing of Daredevil ... just a big, tracing-paper drawing of Daredevil swinging. And Stan loved it.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Romita began a brief stint on <i>Daredevil</i> beginning with issue #12 (January 1966), initially penciling over Jack Kirby's dynamic layouts as a means of learning Marvel's storytelling house style. Sales perked; while the title had a smaller print run than Marvel flagships <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></i>, it briefly had the company's highest percentage of sales compared to print-run.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also proved to be a stepping-stone for Romita's signature, years-long penciling run on <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, a DC editor offered Romita to work on their <a href="/wiki/Metamorpho" title="Metamorpho">Metamorpho</a> character, but he declined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200719_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200719-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee wrote a two-part <i>Daredevil</i> story for issues #16–17 (May–June 1966) with Spider-Man guest starring, to see the character depicted by Romita.<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spider-Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reason for the tryout was the growing estrangement between <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a> co-creators <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a>. When Ditko abruptly left Marvel after completing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> #38 (July 1966), Lee gave Romita the assignment. This followed Romita's eight-issue <i>Daredevil</i> run, the cover of the subsequent issue #20 (September 1966), and an incidental <a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a> stories (in <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i> #77, March 1966, and <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i> #76–77, April–May 1966, respectively). While Romita's depiction of Spider-Man would eventually become the company mascot and the definitive look to the general public, the artist had trepidations: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I was hoping against it, believe it or not. People laugh when I say this, but I did not want to do Spider-Man. I wanted to stay on Daredevil. The only reason I did Spider-Man was because Stan asked me and I felt that I should help out, like a good soldier. I never really felt comfortable on Spider-Man for years. ... I felt obliged to [mimic] Ditko because ... I was convinced, in my own mind, that he was going to come back in two or three issues. ... I couldn't believe that a guy would walk away from a successful book that was the second-highest seller at Marvel. ... After six months, when I realized it wasn't temporary, I finally stopped trying to [mimic] Ditko. ... I was doing these nine-panel pages and the thin line, and I was doing Peter Parker without any bone structure—just like Ditko was doing, I thought.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Lee later commented that this transition in Romita's style actually worked out for the benefit of the series, as it gradually weaned readers off the Ditko look while ultimately allowing Romita to work in the style he most excelled at.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita took over <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> with issue #39 (August 1966).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first inker on what would become Marvel's flagship series was <a href="/wiki/Mike_Esposito_(comics)" title="Mike Esposito (comics)">Mike Esposito</a>, who initially used the pseudonym "Mickey Demeo" to conceal from his regular employer, rival <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>, that he was moonlighting at Marvel.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-evanier_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evanier-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three issues, Romita inked himself for issues #43–48 (November 1966 – May 1967), before Esposito returned—uncredited for issue #49 (June 1967),<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then as Mickey Demeo until finally taking credit under his own name with issue #56 (January 1968). Except for one issue (#65) inked by his successor, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mooney" title="Jim Mooney">Jim Mooney</a>, the Romita-Esposito team continued through issue #66 (November 1968),<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> establishing the new look of Spider-Man. <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> had been Marvel's second-best-selling title at the time Romita began drawing it. Within a year, it overtook <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></i> to become the company's top seller.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:231px;max-width:231px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Jane_Watson_(The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_(November_1966)).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Debut of Mary Jane Watson in The Amazing Spider-Man #42 (November 1966). Art by Romita." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Mary_Jane_Watson_%28The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_%28November_1966%29%29.jpg/229px-Mary_Jane_Watson_%28The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_%28November_1966%29%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Mary_Jane_Watson_%28The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_%28November_1966%29%29.jpg/344px-Mary_Jane_Watson_%28The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_%28November_1966%29%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Mary_Jane_Watson_%28The_Amazing_Spider-Man_42_%28November_1966%29%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ann-Margret_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ann-Margret in the 1960s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ann-Margret_1968.jpg/125px-Ann-Margret_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ann-Margret_1968.jpg/188px-Ann-Margret_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ann-Margret_1968.jpg/250px-Ann-Margret_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Romita based the design for <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Watson" title="Mary Jane Watson">Mary Jane Watson</a> on the actress <a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>Romita designed the look of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Watson" title="Mary Jane Watson">Mary Jane Watson</a>, a supporting character in the <i>Spider-Man</i> series who would later become the lead character's romantic interest.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita has stated that in designing Mary Jane, he "used <a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a> from the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Bye_Bye_Birdie_(1963_film)" title="Bye Bye Birdie (1963 film)">Bye Bye Birdie</a></i> as a guide, using her coloring, the shape of her face, her red hair and her form-fitting short skirts."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary Jane Watson made her first full appearance in <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #42 (November 1966),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although she first appeared in #25 (June 1965) with her face obscured and had been mentioned since #15 (August 1964). <a href="/wiki/Peter_David" title="Peter David">Peter David</a> wrote in 2010 that Romita "made the definitive statement of his arrival by pulling Mary Jane out from behind the oversized potted plant [that blocked the readers' view of her face in issue #25] and placing her on panel in what would instantly become an iconic moment."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other characters that debuted in the Lee-Romita era include the <a href="/wiki/Rhino_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhino (comics)">Rhino</a> in #41 (October 1966),<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Shocker_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shocker (comics)">Shocker</a> in #46 (March 1967),<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingpin (comics)">Kingpin</a> in #50 (June 1967),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/George_Stacy" title="George Stacy">George Stacy</a> in #56 (January 1968). Romita had based George Stacy on actor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bickford" title="Charles Bickford">Charles Bickford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200788_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200788-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee and Romita's stories focused as much on the social and college lives of the characters as they did on Spider-Man's adventures.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stories became more topical, addressing issues such as the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> political elections,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Student_activism" title="Student activism">student activism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita, increasingly called upon to do art corrections and touch-ups, and to interface with artists for ever-busy editor Lee, became Marvel's <i>de facto</i> art director.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cutting back on his Spider-Man workload, Romita began doing only layouts, with finished pencils by <a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a> or Jim Mooney for nearly every issue for a year-and-a-half (#57–75, February 1968 – August 1969). Romita then stepped back for six issues, drawing only covers while <a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a> laid out issues #76–81 (September 1969 – February 1970) for others to finish.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These steps at reducing Romita's Spider-Man workload had mixed results, Romita recalled in 2001, saying, "Stan was always trying to speed me up. He had Don Heck pencil over my breakdowns for a while. ... Then, when Don had finished the pencils, [Lee would] call me in to fix up anything ... that he didn't like. Even after it was inked, he'd have me changing what the inker had done. I told him, 'This was supposed to save me time, but it isn't!' ".<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita's initial run on the title, abetted by the three other artists,<sup id="cite_ref-note1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lasted through issue #95 (April 1971). <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a> succeeded him as Spider-Man's regular penciler through issue #105 (February 1972). Romita then began a second stint, doing full pencils for issues #105–115 and #119 (February–December 1972, April 1974), and providing occasional inking and most of the cover art through issue #168 (May 1977). Romita suggested to writer <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Conway" title="Gerry Conway">Gerry Conway</a> that supporting character <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stacy" title="Gwen Stacy">Gwen Stacy</a> should die at the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Osborn" title="Norman Osborn">Green Goblin</a> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Night_Gwen_Stacy_Died" title="The Night Gwen Stacy Died">The Night Gwen Stacy Died</a>" in issue #121 (June 1973).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her demise and the Goblin's apparent death one issue later formed a story arc widely considered as the most defining in the history of Spider-Man.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a June 2017 interview with <a href="/wiki/SyFy_Wire" class="mw-redirect" title="SyFy Wire">SyFy Wire</a>, Romita named <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #108 and 109 as the two stories he was proudest of, explaining that by the time he did those issues, he was no longer invoking Steve Ditko, and was asserting his own style as an artist. Romita pointed to the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a>-inspired brushwork with which he rendered those pages, and lamented no longer owning the originals.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comics-art historian Daniel Herman assessed of Romita's Spider-Man work: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Romita's transformation of the character redefined the character's look and took the strip in a different direction. It also made him a star artist in the comic book world. The trouble was, Romita took Spidey away from his roots and firmly planted him in the mainstream ...<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marvel staffers would joke that Romita "took Spider-Man uptown". Romita reinvented the character and made it possible for [Spider-Man] to appeal to a wider audience, even if he removed the qualities that had made the strip a surreal standout.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Romita was the artist for <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_(comic_strip)" title="The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)">the Spider-Man newspaper comic strip</a> from its launch on January 3, 1977<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through late 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued in his role as Marvel's art director during this time, anticipating that the strip would not last.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita had promised Lee that he would continue the comic strip as long as sales continued to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spider-Man comic strip reached an audience of 500 newspapers, making it one of the most popular adventure comic strips at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201146_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201146-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the start of the fourth year, the strip's number had begun to stagnate and then decline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Comics_art_director">Marvel Comics art director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marvel Comics art director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After editor-in-chief and art director <a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> assumed the positions of publisher and president in 1972, he promoted Romita to the position of <a href="/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art director</a> in July 1973<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after Romita had been in that position unofficially but on staff since 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that capacity through at least the late 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-keefe_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita played a major role in defining the look of Marvel Comics and in designing new characters. Among the characters he designed or helped design are the <a href="/wiki/Punisher" title="Punisher">Punisher</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-spurgeon_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spurgeon-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-newsday_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsday-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage" title="Luke Cage">Luke Cage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bullseye_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullseye (comics)">Bullseye</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tigra" title="Tigra">Tigra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brother_Voodoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother Voodoo">Brother Voodoo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita's catlike design for Wolverine was based on an encyclopedia description he found on wolverines, as vicious short animals with claws.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200755_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200755-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the Punisher, a rough sketch was provided by writer <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Conway" title="Gerry Conway">Gerry Conway</a>, with a skull and crossbones on the chest. Feeling this was too simple, Romita made the skull larger to encompass the Punisher's torso, with his belt buckle resembling teeth. Romita also designed <a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Natasha Romanova</a>'s Black Widow outfit, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Miss_Fury" title="Miss Fury">Miss Fury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200757_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200757-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita collaborated with <a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a> and to produce <i><a href="/wiki/Spidey_Super_Stories#Comics" title="Spidey Super Stories">Spidey Super Stories</a></i> comics, which were aimed at a younger audience and created with help from child psychologists. The series had 57 comics produced between 1974 and 1982. Romita created another program called "Romita's Raiders", which allowed young artists to gain hands-on experience and learn from the art staff at Marvel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200724_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200724-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976, Romita did uncredited art corrections on the large-format, first DC/Marvel <a href="/wiki/Intercompany_crossover" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercompany crossover">intercompany crossover</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Superman_vs._the_Amazing_Spider-Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man">Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man</a></i>, over the pencils of <a href="/wiki/Ross_Andru" title="Ross Andru">Ross Andru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that same year, Romita inked Jack Kirby's pencil work on <i>Captain America's Bicentennial Battles</i>, a <a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">one-shot</a> story published in an oversized <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Treasury_Edition" title="Marvel Treasury Edition">treasury format</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1980, Romita's art directing duties expanded from comic books to special projects. His duties included supervising and hiring other artists, providing corrections and cover sketches when needed, and drawing art for various merchandise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spider-Man_TVGuide_RomitaSr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Spider-Man_TVGuide_RomitaSr.jpg/220px-Spider-Man_TVGuide_RomitaSr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Spider-Man_TVGuide_RomitaSr.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Romita's cover for the April 27 – May 3, 2002, issue of <i><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romita inked the debut of new <a href="/wiki/Monica_Rambeau" title="Monica Rambeau">Captain Marvel</a> Monica Rambeau in <i>The Amazing Spider-Man Annual</i> #16 (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin_(comics)" title="Hobgoblin (comics)">Hobgoblin</a> in <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #238 (March 1983).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of six pencilers on <i><a href="/wiki/Spectacular_Spider-Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectacular Spider-Man">Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man</a></i> #121 (December 1986), and he penciled the nine-page story "I Remember Gwen" in <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #365 (August 1992, the 30th-anniversary issue)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an eight-page backup story starring the hero and supporting character the <a href="/wiki/Prowler_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Prowler (Marvel Comics)">Prowler</a> in <i>Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man Annual</i> #13 (1993).<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, Romita announced his semi-retirement, but continued to work on multiple comics projects.<sup id="cite_ref-McMillan-hollywoodreporter_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMillan-hollywoodreporter-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita both penciled and inked the 10-page backup story "The Kiss"—a <a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">flashback</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Peter Parker</a> (Spider-Man) and his girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stacy" title="Gwen Stacy">Gwen Stacy</a> share their first kiss—in <i>Webspinners: Tales of Spider-Man</i> #1 (January 1999). He drew an <a href="/wiki/Parallel_universe_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel universe (fiction)">alternate-universe</a> version of the Spider-Man characters in the <a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">one-shot</a> <i>Spidey: A Universe X Special</i> (2001), and penciled the final four pages of the 38-page story in the milestone <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #500 (December 2003) together with his son <a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Jr.</a> penciling the other pages. Romita drew one of four covers to the April 27 – May 3, 2002, issue of <i><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i> to promote the release of the <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">2002 <i>Spider-Man</i> film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 2000s, Romita contributed to multi-artist jams in commemorative issues. He did a panel in <i>Captain America</i> vol. 3, #50 (February 2002), starring the first Marvel superhero he had drawn; a portion of <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></i> vol. 3, #40 (May 2001), although the hero was not one of the artist's signature characters; a panel for <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i> vol. 2, #50 (October 2003); and a few pages featuring Karen Page in <i>Daredevil</i> vol. 2, #100 (October 2007), done in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Romance_comics_in_the_United_States_(1946%E2%80%931975)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance comics in the United States (1946–1975)">romance comics</a> he had drawn decades earlier. Romita both penciled and inked the cover of <i>Daredevil</i> vol. 2, #94 (February 2007) in that same romance comics style. The following year he drew a <a href="/wiki/Variant_cover" title="Variant cover">variant cover</a> of his signature series, for <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #568 (October 2008), doing so again with #642 (November 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Romita image of Spider-Man and a Hulk image penciled by <a href="/wiki/Rich_Buckler" title="Rich Buckler">Rich Buckler</a> and inked by Romita were among the "Marvel Super Heroes" set of <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative stamps</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> on July 27, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-stamps_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stamps-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, he served on the Disbursement Committee of the comic-book industry charity <a href="/wiki/The_Hero_Initiative" title="The Hero Initiative">The Hero Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romita received an <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> in 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romita was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Inkwell_Awards" title="Inkwell Awards">Inkwell Awards Joe Sinnott Hall of Fame</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-inkwellawardswinners2020_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inkwellawardswinners2020-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg/220px-6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg/330px-6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg/440px-6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Romita Jr.</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>John Romita Sr. married childhood sweetheart Virginia Bruno in November 1952, who also worked on staff at Marvel as traffic manager from 1975 to 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ae10print_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae10print-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensonhurst">Bensonhurst</a> neighborhood until 1954, when they bought a house in the <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Queens_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens Village">Queens Village</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some years later, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Bellerose,_New_York" title="Bellerose, New York">Bellerose, New York</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsday_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsday-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romita and his wife had two sons, Victor and <a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Jr.</a> (born August 17, 1956),<sup id="cite_ref-CBG_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who followed in his footsteps to become a noted comic-book artist himself.<sup id="cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his death, Romita had three grandchildren and one great-granddaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romita died in his sleep at his home in <a href="/wiki/Floral_Park,_New_York" title="Floral Park, New York">Floral Park, New York</a> on June 12, 2023, at the age of 93.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news was broken by his son, John Jr., the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-McMillan-hollywoodreporter_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMillan-hollywoodreporter-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_style">Artistic style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Artistic style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romita has been credited with creating a new Spider-Man art style with romance and adventure influences that appealed to an even wider audience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201140_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201140-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He drew a more handsome Peter Parker and beautiful women, and depicted "beautiful suffering" that combined soap opera and fantasy themes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201143_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201143-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romita have been described as "The artist's line work became more rounded, and his depiction of women in particular became a real strength that would sustain him in years to come. His women were described as "fair of face but realistic rather than stylized" and displayed distinctive personalities through body language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201135_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201135-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comic artist <a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross" title="Alex Ross">Alex Ross</a> has stated, "For me, John's Spidey is a design of such perfection and beauty so as to be simply the greatest-looking character in comics, by his hand."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham20113_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham20113-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While working on DC's romance comics, Romita, finding the stories dull and repetitive, began looking for ways to add more personality into the artwork. For example, Romita would add flowing hair on women or objects moving in the wind for panels that had little happening and depicting characters from unique angles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200717_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200717-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After moving to Marvel, Romita was known for drawing stylistic deep shadows and defined bone structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200718_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200718-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DC_Comics">DC Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: DC Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DC_100_Page_Super_Spectacular" title="DC 100 Page Super Spectacular">DC 100 Page Super Spectacular</a></i> #5 (1971)</li> <li><i>Falling in Love</i> #31, 35, 50, 53–55, 70, 81 (1959–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Love_Stories" title="Girls' Love Stories">Girls' Love Stories</a></i> #82–88, 90–99, 101, 116, 120, 138, 140, 162, 165, 170 (1961–1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Romances" title="Girls' Romances">Girls' Romances</a></i> #23, 62, 76, 85, 93–95, 114, 121, 129, 159–160 (1953–1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_Throbs" title="Heart Throbs">Heart Throbs</a></i> #63, 65–67, 77–86, 90, 93, 99, 101 (1959–1966)</li> <li><i>Secret Hearts</i> #43, 60, 69–70, 78–93, 109, 152–153 (1957–1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Love_(comics)" title="Young Love (comics)">Young Love</a></i> #39–43, 45–54 (1963–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Romance" title="Young Romance">Young Romance</a></i> #125–128, 130–132, 171–172, 175 (1963–1971)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Comics">Marvel Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Marvel Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i>Adventures into Weird Worlds</i> #21 (1953)</li> <li><i>All-True Crime</i> #44 (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> #39–58, 67, 72, 82–83, 87–88, 93–95, 106–119, 132, 365, 500 <i>Annual '96</i> #1 (as penciller); #89–92, 96, 120–125, 146, 151, 238, 247, 274, 400, <i>Annual</i> #16 (as inker only) (1966–2003) (Romita drew additional <a href="/wiki/Silver_Age_of_comic_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Age of comic books">Silver Age</a> issues as layout artist for pencilers <a href="/wiki/Don_Heck" title="Don Heck">Don Heck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mooney" title="Jim Mooney">Jim Mooney</a>.)</li> <li><i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> vol. 2, #18 (inker) (2000)</li> <li><i>The Amazing Spider-Man Special Edition</i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_(comic_strip)" title="The Amazing Spider-Man (comic strip)">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> (1977–1980)</li> <li><i>Astonishing</i> #7, 18, 24, 43, 57, 61 (1951–1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(comic_book)" title="The Avengers (comic book)">The Avengers</a></i> #23 (inker) (1965)</li> <li><i>Battle</i> #14, 26, 39, 45, 49, 53, 57–59 (1952–1958)</li> <li><i>Battle Action</i> #20, 22, 25, 27, 29 (1955–1957)</li> <li><i>Battlefront</i> #6, 10 (1952–1953)</li> <li><i>Battle Ground</i> #9 (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Sir_Percy)" title="Black Knight (Sir Percy)">Black Knight</a></i> #4 (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captain_America_(comic_book)" title="Captain America (comic book)">Captain America</a></i> #114, 138–145, 148 (1969–1972)</li> <li><i>Captain America</i> vol. 3 #50 (among other artists) (2002)</li> <li><i>Captain America Comics</i> #76–78 (1954)</li> <li><i>Caught</i> #2 (1956)</li> <li><i>Combat</i> #3, 6 (1952)</li> <li><i>Commando Adventures</i> #2 (1957)</li> <li><i>Cowboy Action</i> #10 (1956)</li> <li><i>Crime Cases Comics</i> #7 (1951)</li> <li><i>Crime Exposed</i> #5 (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i> #12–19 (1966)</li> <li><i>Daredevil</i> vol. 2 #50, 100 (among other artists) (2003–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Strange_(comic_book)" title="Doctor Strange (comic book)">Doctor Strange</a></i> vol. 2 #7 (inker) (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Droids" title="Star Wars: Droids">Droids</a></i> #1–4 (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(comic_book)" title="Fantastic Four (comic book)">Fantastic Four</a></i> #103–106, 108 (1970–1971)</li> <li><i>Frontier Western</i> #7 (1957)</li> <li><i>Gunsmoke Western</i> #38 (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(comic_book)" title="The Incredible Hulk (comic book)">The Incredible Hulk Annual</a></i> #17 (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Unknown_Worlds" title="Journey into Unknown Worlds">Journey into Unknown Worlds</a></i> #22 (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Action" title="Jungle Action">Jungle Action</a></i> #2–6 (1954–1955)</li> <li><i>Justice</i> #42 (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kid_Colt_Outlaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Kid Colt Outlaw">Kid Colt Outlaw</a></i> #70 (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingpin (comics)">Kingpin</a></i> #1 (1997)</li> <li><i>Lorna, the Jungle Girl</i> #17–26 (1956–1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Romances" title="Love Romances">Love Romances</a></i> #35, 37 (1954)</li> <li><i>Marines in Battle</i> #3–4, 19 (1954–1957)</li> <li><i>Marvel Presents: Guardians of the Galaxy</i> #3 (inker, Cover Art) (February 1976)</li> <li><i>Marvel Romance Redux: But I Thought He Loved Me</i> #1 (inker) (2006)</li> <li><i>Marvel Romance Redux: Guys & Dolls</i> #1 (inker) (2006)</li> <li><i>Marvel Romance Redux: Love is a Four-Letter Word</i> #1 (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Tales_(1949%E2%80%931957)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvel Tales (1949–1957)">Marvel Tales</a></i> #108 (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Tales_(1964%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvel Tales (1964–1994)">Marvel Tales</a></i> vol. 2 #81 (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Treasury_Edition" title="Marvel Treasury Edition">Marvel Treasury Special</a></i> #2 ("Captain America's Bicentennial Battles") (inker) (1976)</li> <li><i>Men's Adventures</i> #22, 24, 28 (1953–1954)</li> <li><i>Menace</i> #3, 6, 8, 11 (1953–1954)</li> <li><i>My Love</i> #1–3, 14, 16 (1969–1972)</li> <li><i>My Love Story</i> #9 (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Own_Romance" title="My Own Romance">My Own Romance</a></i> #36, 40 (1954)</li> <li><i>Mystery Tales</i> #7, 37, 41 (1953–1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Comics" title="Mystic Comics">Mystic</a></i> #11, 15, 23, 25 (1952–1953)</li> <li><i>Navy Action</i> #5 (1955)</li> <li><i>Navy Combat</i> #12 (1957)</li> <li><i>Our Love Story</i> #1–2, 5 (inker) (1969–1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_Kid" title="Outlaw Kid">Outlaw Kid</a></i> #5 (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Questprobe" title="Questprobe">Questprobe</a></i> #1 (inker) (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Kid" title="Ringo Kid">Ringo Kid</a></i> #11 (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savage_Tales" title="Savage Tales">Savage Tales</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Femizons" title="Femizons">Femizons</a>) #1 (1971)</li> <li><i>Secret Story Romances</i> #16, 18 (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a> Massacres Marvel</i> #1 (inker) (1996)</li> <li><i>Six-Gun Western</i> #1, 4 (1957)</li> <li><i>Spaceman</i> #1 (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectacular_Spider-Man" title="The Spectacular Spider-Man">The Spectacular Spider-Man</a></i> #121, <i>Annual</i> #13 (1986–1993)</li> <li><i>The Spectacular Spider-Man</i> magazine #1–2 (1968)</li> <li><i>Spellbound</i> #13, 24, 26–28 (1953–1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Parker:_Spider-Man" title="Peter Parker: Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></i> #57 (penciller) (1995)</li> <li><i>Spider-Man/Kingpin: To the Death</i> Oneshot (penciller) (1997)</li> <li><i>Spider-Man: The Mutant Agenda</i> #0 (1994)</li> <li><i>Spy Cases</i> #5 (1951)</li> <li><i>Stories of Romance</i> #5, 11 (1956–1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strange_Tales" title="Strange Tales">Strange Tales</a></i> #4, 35 (1951–1955)</li> <li><i>Strange Tales of the Unusual</i> #1 (1955)</li> <li><i>Suspense</i> #20, 25 (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i> (Captain America) #76–77 (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_to_Astonish" title="Tales to Astonish">Tales to Astonish</a></i> #67 (<a href="/wiki/Hank_Pym" title="Hank Pym">Giant Man</a>); #77 (<a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a>) (inker) (1965–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tomb_of_Dracula" title="The Tomb of Dracula">The Tomb of Dracula</a></i> magazine #2 (inker) (1979)</li> <li><i>True Secrets</i> #4, 13, 38 (1951–1956)</li> <li><i>Two Gun Western</i> #8 (inker) (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Spider-Man" title="Ultimate Spider-Man">Ultimate Spider-Man</a> Super Special</i> #1 (2002)</li> <li><i>Uncanny Tales</i> #10 (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">Uncanny X-Men</a></i> #177 (inker) (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_X#Universe_X" title="Earth X">Universe X: Spidey</a></i> #1 (inker) (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untold_Tales_of_Spider-Man" title="Untold Tales of Spider-Man">Untold Tales of Spider-Man</a></i> #-1 (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_Tales" title="Vampire Tales">Vampire Tales</a></i> #2 (1973)</li> <li><i>War Action</i> #10–11 (1953)</li> <li><i>War Adventures</i> #7, 9 (1952)</li> <li><i>War Comics</i> #10, 16, 20, 29, 40, 42 (1952–1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Spider-Man" title="Web of Spider-Man">Web of Spider-Man</a></i> #52 (inker) (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Webspinners:_Tales_of_Spider-Man" title="Webspinners: Tales of Spider-Man">Webspinners: Tales of Spider-Man</a></i> #1 (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Kid" title="Western Kid">Western Kid</a></i> #1–17 (1954–1957)</li> <li><i>Western Outlaws</i> #1, 7, 11, 13–14 (1954–1956)</li> <li><i>Western Outlaws and Sheriffs</i> #70 (1951)</li> <li><i>Wild Western</i> #24 (1952)</li> <li><i>World of Mystery</i> #2 "(1956)</li> <li><i>World of Suspense</i> #5 (1956)</li> <li><i>Young Men</i> #24–28 (Captain America) (1953–1954)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marvel_Comics_and_DC_Comics">Marvel Comics and DC Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Marvel Comics and DC Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Superman_vs._the_Amazing_Spider-Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man">Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> #1 (1976)</li></ul> </div> <p><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Source:</b><sup id="cite_ref-gcd_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note1-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note1_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With issue #73, and then #76–81, Romita provided only covers and was absent from the inside, with Buscema providing layouts for penciler-inker Mooney. Romita returned with issue #82, doing layouts for Mooney to finish. Romita fully penciled the next issue, and then returned to layouts only, finished by Buscema, Mooney and Heck variously, through #87. He penciled the following issue himself. <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a> then penciled a four-issue stint with Romita inking and continuing to draw covers. Romita then finished his initial run penciling issues #93–95 (February–April 1971).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Saga#4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saga#4_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Brian_K._Vaughan" title="Brian K. Vaughan">Brian K. Vaughan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">w</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Staples" title="Fiona Staples">Fiona Staples</a> (<a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">a</a>). "Chapter Four" <i><a href="/wiki/Saga_(comics)" title="Saga (comics)">Saga</a></i>, no. 4, p. 28 (June 2012). <a href="/wiki/Image_Comics" title="Image Comics">Image Comics</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor-Gustines-nytimes_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylorGustines2023" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Derrick Bryson; Gustines, George Gene (June 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/arts/john-romita-sr-dead.html">"John Romita Sr., Creative Force at Marvel Comics, Is Dead at 93"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614140100/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/arts/john-romita-sr-dead.html/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Romita+Sr.%2C+Creative+Force+at+Marvel+Comics%2C+Is+Dead+at+93&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Derrick+Bryson&rft.au=Gustines%2C+George+Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F06%2F14%2Farts%2Fjohn-romita-sr-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBG_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBG_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Jackson_Miller" title="John Jackson Miller">Miller, John Jackson</a> (June 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218031356/http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays">"Comics Industry Birthdays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide" title="Comics Buyer's Guide">Comics Buyer's Guide</a></i>. Iola, Wisconsin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays">the original</a> on February 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comics+Buyer%27s+Guide&rft.atitle=Comics+Industry+Birthdays&rft.date=2005-06-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbgxtra.com%2Fknowledge-base%2Ffor-your-reference%2Fcomics-industry-birthdays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlterEgoV3#9-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlterEgoV3#9_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_Roy;_Morris,_Brian_K.2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas,_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas, Roy">Thomas, Roy</a>; Morris, Brian K. (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/alterego/articles/09romita.html">"Fifty Years On The 'A' List: A Candid Conversation With Marvel Artist/Art Director Supreme John Romita"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alter_Ego_(magazine)" title="Alter Ego (magazine)">Alter Ego</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913115609/http://www.twomorrows.com/alterego/articles/09romita.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span> – via Twomorrows.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alter+Ego&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+On+The+%27A%27+List%3A+A+Candid+Conversation+With+Marvel+Artist%2FArt+Director+Supreme+John+Romita&rft.date=2001-07&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Roy%3B+Morris%2C+Brian+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twomorrows.com%2Falterego%2Farticles%2F09romita.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton20074-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton20074_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomita_Sr.2022" class="citation interview cs1">Romita Sr., John (October 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Aku9u-4qMs">"The John Romita Sr. 2001 Shoot Interview"</a>. <i>Comic Book Historians</i> (Interview). Interviewed by David Armstrong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603012828/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Aku9u-4qMs">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Historians&rft.atitle=The+John+Romita+Sr.+2001+Shoot+Interview&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft.aulast=Romita+Sr.&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1Aku9u-4qMs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20028–9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20028–9_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20029-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita20029_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200717-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200717_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200217_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200211_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200216_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200715-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200715_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keefe-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keefe_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeefeMietusn.d." class="citation web cs1">Keefe, Jim; Mietus, John (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keefestudios.com/studio/romita/interview.htm">"Interview: John Romita"</a>. Keefe Studios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024122825/http://www.keefestudios.com/studio/romita/interview.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+John+Romita&rft.pub=Keefe+Studios&rft.aulast=Keefe&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Mietus%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keefestudios.com%2Fstudio%2Fromita%2Finterview.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spurgeon-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spurgeon_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spurgeon_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Romita Sr., in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Spurgeon" title="Tom Spurgeon">Spurgeon, Tom</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120820203336/http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_interview_re_run_john_romita_2002/">"Spider-Man At 50 Part Four: A John Romita Sr. Interview From 2002"</a>. TheComicsReporter.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_interview_re_run_john_romita_2002/">the original</a> on August 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spider-Man+At+50+Part+Four%3A+A+John+Romita+Sr.+Interview+From+2002&rft.pub=TheComicsReporter.com&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comicsreporter.com%2Findex.php%2Fcr_interview_re_run_john_romita_2002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210–11-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200210–11_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae11print-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ae11print_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romita interview, <i>Alter Ego</i> #9, p. 11; appears in print version only</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeRomitaRomitaThomas2005" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Stan; Romita, John; Romita, DeFalco; Thomas, Roy; Stern, Roger (2005). <i>Marvel Visionaries: John Romita Sr</i>. Marvel Comics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7851-1780-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7851-1780-6"><bdi>0-7851-1780-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marvel+Visionaries%3A+John+Romita+Sr.&rft.pub=Marvel+Comics&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7851-1780-6&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Romita%2C+John&rft.au=Romita%2C+DeFalco&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Roy&rft.au=Stern%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comics.org/credit/name/john%20romita/sort/chrono/">"GCD :: Story Search Results"</a>. <i>www.comics.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.comics.org&rft.atitle=GCD+%3A%3A+Story+Search+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comics.org%2Fcredit%2Fname%2Fjohn%2520romita%2Fsort%2Fchrono%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlastales.com/cr/32/n:32:z:a:o:4:d:ASC:p:1">"John Romita"</a>. <i>www.atlastales.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.atlastales.com&rft.atitle=John+Romita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlastales.com%2Fcr%2F32%2Fn%3A32%3Az%3Aa%3Ao%3A4%3Ad%3AASC%3Ap%3A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcd-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gcd_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comics.org/search.lasso/?sort=chrono&query=John+Romita&type=credit">John Romita</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Comics_Database" title="Grand Comics Database">Grand Comics Database</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comics.org/search.lasso/?sort=chrono&query=John+Romita+Sr&type=credit">John Romita Sr.</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Comics_Database" title="Grand Comics Database">Grand Comics Database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200765-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200765_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2001123-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2001123_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright2001">Wright 2001</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2001" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Bradford W. (2001). <i>Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7450-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7450-5"><bdi>978-0-8018-7450-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comic+Book+Nation%3A+The+Transformation+of+Youth+Culture+in+America&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7450-5&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Bradford+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmash2004" class="citation journal cs1">Amash, Jim (April 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twomorrows.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=123_139_141&products_id=466">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Captain America Was A Dirty Name': John Romita On the First Superhero He Ever Drew – Captain America"</a></span>. <i>Alter Ego</i>. <b>3</b> (35). TwoMorrows Publishing: 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alter+Ego&rft.atitle=%27Captain+America+Was+A+Dirty+Name%27%3A+John+Romita+On+the+First+Superhero+He+Ever+Drew+%E2%80%93+Captain+America&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2004-04&rft.aulast=Amash&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwomorrows.com%2Findex.php%3Fmain_page%3Dproduct_info%26cPath%3D123_139_141%26products_id%3D466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeFalcoSandersonBrevoortTeitelbaum2019" class="citation book cs1">DeFalco, Tom; Sanderson, Peter; Brevoort, Tom; Teitelbaum, Michael; Wallace, Daniel; Darling, Andrew; Forbeck, Matt; Cowsill, Alan; Bray, Adam (2019). <i>The Marvel Encyclopedia</i>. DK Publishing. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7890-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7890-0"><bdi>978-1-4654-7890-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marvel+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-7890-0&rft.aulast=DeFalco&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Peter&rft.au=Brevoort%2C+Tom&rft.au=Teitelbaum%2C+Michael&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Darling%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Forbeck%2C+Matt&rft.au=Cowsill%2C+Alan&rft.au=Bray%2C+Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lambiek.net/artists/r/romita_john_sr.htm">"John Romita Sr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lambiek" title="Lambiek">Lambiek Comiclopedia</a>. April 14, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102004244/http://www.lambiek.net/artists/r/romita_john_sr.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Romita+Sr&rft.pub=Lambiek+Comiclopedia&rft.date=2012-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fartists%2Fr%2Fromita_john_sr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200711-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200711_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200713–16-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200713–16_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, pp. 13–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200740,_186-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200740,_186_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, pp. 40, 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200738-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200738_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200218-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200218_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200219-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200219_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200220–22-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurlockRomita200220–22_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002">Spurlock & Romita 2002</a>, pp. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201136-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201136_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/06romita.html">"John Romita Sr.: Spidey's Man"</a> (interview), <i><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Artist" title="Comic Book Artist">Comic Book Artist</a></i> #6, Fall 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323173904/http://twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/06romita.html">WebCitation archive</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManning2012" class="citation book cs1">Manning, Matthew K. (2012). "1960s". In Gilbert, Laura (ed.). <i>Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0756692360" title="Special:BookSources/978-0756692360"><bdi>978-0756692360</bdi></a>. <q>Artist John Romita, the penciler that would define the looks of Spider-Man and Peter Parker for an entire generation, had his first crack at drawing the web-slinger in a two-part story of the Stan Lee penned series <i>Daredevil</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1960s&rft.btitle=Spider-Man+Chronicle+Celebrating+50+Years+of+Web-Slinging&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0756692360&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Matthew+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200719-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200719_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2011" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Roy (August 2011). "Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!". <i><a href="/wiki/Alter_Ego_(magazine)" title="Alter Ego (magazine)">Alter Ego</a></i> (104). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alter+Ego&rft.atitle=Stan+Lee%27s+Amazing+Marvel+Interview%21&rft.issue=104&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2011-08&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRo2004" class="citation book cs1">Ro, Ronin (2004). <i>Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1582345666" title="Special:BookSources/978-1582345666"><bdi>978-1582345666</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+to+Astonish%3A+Jack+Kirby%2C+Stan+Lee+and+the+American+Comic+Book+Revolution&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1582345666&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=Ronin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evanier-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evanier_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvanier2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Evanier, Mark</a> (April 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126083524/http://www.povonline.com/iaq/IAQ05.htm">"Why did some artists working for Marvel in the sixties use phony names?"</a>. News From ME. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsfromme.com/iaq/iaq05/">the original</a> on November 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+did+some+artists+working+for+Marvel+in+the+sixties+use+phony+names%3F&rft.pub=News+From+ME&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft.aulast=Evanier&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsfromme.com%2Fiaq%2Fiaq05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comics.org/details.lasso?id=21059"><i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #49 (June 1967)</a> at the Grand Comics Database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasSanderson,_Peter2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Thomas, Roy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanderson" title="Peter Sanderson">Sanderson, Peter</a> (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marvelvaultmuseu00thom"><i>The Marvel Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the World of Marvel</i></a></span>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marvelvaultmuseu00thom/page/n54">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762428441" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762428441"><bdi>978-0762428441</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marvel+Vault%3A+A+Museum-in-a-Book+with+Rare+Collectibles+from+the+World+of+Marvel&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0762428441&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarvelvaultmuseu00thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 37: A beautiful, fun-loving 'swinger', Mary Jane Watson wandered into Peter Parker's life, changing it forever and capturing more than her fair share of attention."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaffel2007" class="citation book cs1">Saffel, Steve (2007). "A Legend Is Born". <i>Spider-Man the Icon: The Life and Times of a Pop Culture Phenomenon</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Titan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Books">Titan Books</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84576-324-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84576-324-4"><bdi>978-1-84576-324-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Legend+Is+Born&rft.btitle=Spider-Man+the+Icon%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+a+Pop+Culture+Phenomenon&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84576-324-4&rft.aulast=Saffel&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeFalco2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeFalco" title="Tom DeFalco">DeFalco, Tom</a> (2008). "1960s". In Gilbert, Laura (ed.). <i>Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0756641238" title="Special:BookSources/978-0756641238"><bdi>978-0756641238</bdi></a>. <q>After teasing the readers for more than two years, Stan Lee finally allowed Peter Parker to meet Mary Jane Watson.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1960s&rft.btitle=Marvel+Chronicle+A+Year+by+Year+History&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0756641238&rft.aulast=DeFalco&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidGreenberger2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_David" title="Peter David">David, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenberger" title="Robert Greenberger">Greenberger, Robert</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sinatrahollywood0000knig/page/38"><i>The Spider-Man Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles Spun from Marvel's Web</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sinatrahollywood0000knig/page/38">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762437726" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762437726"><bdi>978-0762437726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spider-Man+Vault%3A+A+Museum-in-a-Book+with+Rare+Collectibles+Spun+from+Marvel%27s+Web&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0762437726&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Greenberger%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsinatrahollywood0000knig%2Fpage%2F38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 119: "The first original super-villain produced by the new Spider-Man team of Stan Lee and John Romita was the Rhino."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 122: "Stan Lee wanted to create a new kind of crime boss. Someone who treated crime as if it were a business ... He pitched this idea to artist John Romita and it was Wilson Fisk who emerged in <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #50."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200788-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200788_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 37: "[Stan Lee] knew that most readers tuned in every month for a glimpse of that side of Spider-Man's life as much as they did to see the wall-crawler battle the latest supervillain."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 39: <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #47 (April 1967) "Kraven's latest rematch with Spidey was set during a going-away party for Flash Thompson, who was facing the very real issue of the Vietnam War draft."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 43: <i>The Spectacular Spider-Man</i> #1 (July 1968) "Drawn by Romita and Jim Mooney, the mammoth 52-page lead story focused on corrupt politician Richard Raleigh's plot to terrorize the city."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 46: <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> #68 (January 1969) "Stan Lee tackled the issues of the day again when, with artists John Romita and Jim Mooney, he dealt with social unrest at Empire State University."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniels-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniels_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Daniels, Les</a> (1991). "Research and Development (1970–1978)". <i>Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics</i>. New York, New York: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Harry N. Abrams</a>. pp. 161 and 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810938212" title="Special:BookSources/9780810938212"><bdi>9780810938212</bdi></a>. <q>In July 1973, Stan Lee announced that John Romita had been officially appointed Marvel's art director ... Unofficially, Romita had been moving into the position for some time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Research+and+Development+%281970%E2%80%931978%29&rft.btitle=Marvel%3A+Five+Fabulous+Decades+of+the+World%27s+Greatest+Comics&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=161+and+163&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780810938212&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comics.org/series/1570/"><i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> (Marvel, 1963 series)</a> at the Grand Comics Database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 159: "In June [1973], Marvel embarked on a story that would have far-reaching effects. <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> artist John Romita, Sr. suggested killing off Spider-Man's beloved Gwen Stacy in order to shake up the book's status quo."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 68: "This story by writer Gerry Conway and penciler Gil Kane would go down in history as one of the most memorable events of Spider-Man's life."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David and Greenberger p. 49: "The idea of beloved supporting characters meeting their deaths may be standard operating procedure now but in 1973 it was unprecedented ... Gwen's death took villainy and victimhood to an entirely new level."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saffel "Death and the Spider", p. 65: "Death struck again, with repercussions that would ripple through comics from that day forward."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621132331/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RosWd3q9XWQ">"Spider-Man Legend John Romita Sr. on His Favorite Issues, Redefining Spidey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SyFy_Wire" class="mw-redirect" title="SyFy Wire">SyFy Wire</a>. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spider-Man+Legend+John+Romita+Sr.+on+His+Favorite+Issues%2C+Redefining+Spidey&rft.pub=SyFy+Wire&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRosWd3q9XWQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herman, Daniel. <i>Silver Age: The Second Generation of Comic Book Artists</i>. New Castle, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Press" title="Hermes Press">Hermes Press</a>, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-932563-64-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-932563-64-4">1-932563-64-4</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932563-64-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932563-64-1">978-1-932563-64-1</a>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herman, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saffel, "An Adventure Each Day", p. 116: "On Monday January 3, 1977, <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> comic strip made its debut in newspapers nationwide, reuniting writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cassell, Dewey (October 2010). "One Day at a Time: The Amazing Spider-Man Newspaper Strips". <i><a href="/wiki/Back_Issue!" title="Back Issue!">Back Issue!</a></i> (44). <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>: 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=One+Day+at+a+Time%3A+The+Amazing+Spider-Man+Newspaper+Strips&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=64&rft.date=2010-10&rft.aulast=Cassell&rft.aufirst=Dewey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200759_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201146-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201146_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newsday-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newsday_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newsday_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovece2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lovece" title="Frank Lovece">Lovece, Frank</a> (April 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/services/bellerose-artist-created-x-men-s-wolverine-1.1229097">"Bellerose artist created X-Men's Wolverine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007044957/http://www.newsday.com/services/bellerose-artist-created-x-men-s-wolverine-1.1229097">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Bellerose+artist+created+X-Men%27s+Wolverine&rft.date=2009-04-23&rft.aulast=Lovece&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fservices%2Fbellerose-artist-created-x-men-s-wolverine-1.1229097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 155: "In the early 1970s there was a wave of movies about African-American adventure heroes. Marvel responded to this with <i>Luke Cage, Hero for Hire</i> by writer Archie Goodwin and artist John Romita, Sr."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMithra1997" class="citation web cs1">Mithra, Kuljit (November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Wolfman">"Interview With Marv Wolfman"</a>. Manwithoutfear.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110234712/http://www.manwithoutfear.com/daredevil-interviews/Wolfman">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+With+Marv+Wolfman&rft.pub=Manwithoutfear.com&rft.date=1997-11&rft.aulast=Mithra&rft.aufirst=Kuljit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manwithoutfear.com%2Fdaredevil-interviews%2FWolfman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassell2006" class="citation journal cs1">Cassell, Dewey (August 2006). "Talking About Tigra: From the Cat to Were-Woman". <i><a href="/wiki/Back_Issue!" title="Back Issue!">Back Issue!</a></i> (17). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 26–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Talking+About+Tigra%3A+From+the+Cat+to+Were-Woman&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=26-33&rft.date=2006-08&rft.aulast=Cassell&rft.aufirst=Dewey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAushenker2014" class="citation journal cs1">Aushenker, Michael (April 2014). "Disposable Heroes". <i><a href="/wiki/Back_Issue!" title="Back Issue!">Back Issue!</a></i> (71). Raleigh, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>: 33–37. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'[John] Romita and I designed the character,' Wein says.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Disposable+Heroes&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=33-37&rft.date=2014-04&rft.aulast=Aushenker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComtois2011" class="citation book cs1">Comtois, Pierre (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7i3H_rizyoMC&q=Romita+Brother+Voodoo&pg=PA140"><i>Marvel Comics In The 1970s: An Issue-By-Issue Field Guide To A Pop Culture Phenomenon</i></a>. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1605490342" title="Special:BookSources/978-1605490342"><bdi>978-1605490342</bdi></a>. <q>Credited on the splash page [of <i>Strange Tales</i> #169] for 'creative contributions' were [Roy] Thomas and art director John Romita, who no doubt came up with the character (Romita supplied the cover which might've doubled as a concept sketch before the book was produced.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marvel+Comics+In+The+1970s%3A+An+Issue-By-Issue+Field+Guide+To+A+Pop+Culture+Phenomenon&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1605490342&rft.aulast=Comtois&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7i3H_rizyoMC%26q%3DRomita%2BBrother%2BVoodoo%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200755-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200755_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200757-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasAmash200757_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomasAmash2007">Thomas & Amash 2007</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200724-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200724_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAvennie2010" class="citation book cs1">McAvennie, Michael (2010). "1970s". In Dolan, Hannah (ed.). <i>DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle</i>. London, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6742-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-6742-9"><bdi>978-0-7566-6742-9</bdi></a>. <q>Many talents from both DC and Marvel contributed to this landmark publication – in addition to inker Dick Giordano, Neal Adams provided several redrawings of Superman while John Romita, Sr. worked on numerous Peter Parker/Spider-Man likenesses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1970s&rft.btitle=DC+Comics+Year+By+Year+A+Visual+Chronicle&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-6742-9&rft.aulast=McAvennie&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2012" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, Glenn (December 2012). "Tabloid Team-Ups The Giant-Size DC-Marvel Crossovers". <i>Back Issue!</i> (61). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 33–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Tabloid+Team-Ups+The+Giant-Size+DC-Marvel+Crossovers&rft.issue=61&rft.pages=33-40&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowers2012" class="citation journal cs1">Powers, Tom (December 2012). "Kirby Celebrating America's 200th Birthday: <i>Captain America's Bicentennial Battles</i>". <i>Back Issue!</i> (61). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 46–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Back+Issue%21&rft.atitle=Kirby+Celebrating+America%27s+200th+Birthday%3A+Captain+America%27s+Bicentennial+Battles&rft.issue=61&rft.pages=46-49&rft.date=2012-12&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 131: "Writer Roger Stern and artists John Romita Jr. and John Romita Sr. introduced readers to a brand new Captain Marvel, an African-American woman with energy-based powers called Monica Rambeau."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 133: "Writer Roger Stern and artists John Romita Jr. and John Romita Sr. introduced a new – and frighteningly sane – version of the [Green Goblin] concept with the debut of the Hobgoblin."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2019" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/spider-man-stan-lee-john-romita-gwen-stacy-farewell/">"Stan Lee and John Romita's Final Farewell to Gwen Stacy"</a>. <i>Comic Book Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213132447/https://www.cbr.com/spider-man-stan-lee-john-romita-gwen-stacy-farewell/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=Stan+Lee+and+John+Romita%27s+Final+Farewell+to+Gwen+Stacy&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fspider-man-stan-lee-john-romita-gwen-stacy-farewell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMillan-hollywoodreporter-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McMillan-hollywoodreporter_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMillan-hollywoodreporter_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan2023" class="citation web cs1">McMillan, Graeme (June 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-romita-sr-dead-marvel-artist-1235515094/">"John Romita Sr., Legendary Marvel Artist, Dies at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230614042140/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-romita-sr-dead-marvel-artist-1235515094/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=John+Romita+Sr.%2C+Legendary+Marvel+Artist%2C+Dies+at+93&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-news%2Fjohn-romita-sr-dead-marvel-artist-1235515094%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiland2002" class="citation web cs1">Weiland, Jonah (April 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&old=1&id=1068">"First Look at Spider-Man <i>TV Guide</i> Covers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204040616/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&old=1&id=1068">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Look+at+Spider-Man+TV+Guide+Covers&rft.pub=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.date=2002-04-06&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comicbookresources.com%2F%3Fpage%3Darticle%26old%3D1%26id%3D1068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stamps-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stamps_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508223851/http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2007stamps/#marvel">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Postal Service Previews 2007 Commemorative Stamp Program" (October 25, 2006 press release)"</a>. USPS.com. October 25, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2007stamps/#marvel">the original</a> on May 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Postal+Service+Previews+2007+Commemorative+Stamp+Program%22+%28October+25%2C+2006+press+release%29&rft.pub=USPS.com&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usps.com%2Fcommunications%2Fnewsroom%2F2007stamps%2F%23marvel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621081809/http://www.heroinitiative.org/spage.asp?p=73&ti=Board+Members">"Hero Initiative Board Members Disbursement Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hero_Initiative" title="The Hero Initiative">The Hero Initiative</a>. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heroinitiative.org/spage.asp?p=73&ti=Board+Members">the original</a> on June 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hero+Initiative+Board+Members+Disbursement+Committee&rft.pub=The+Hero+Initiative&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heroinitiative.org%2Fspage.asp%3Fp%3D73%26ti%3DBoard%2BMembers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php">"Inkpot Award Winners"</a>. Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055558/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inkpot+Award+Winners&rft.pub=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Finkpot.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/awards/hall-fame-awards?page=7">"Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con" title="San Diego Comic-Con">San Diego Comic-Con</a>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623200119/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/hall-fame-awards?page=7">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Eisner+Award+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pub=San+Diego+Comic-Con&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fawards%2Fhall-fame-awards%3Fpage%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inkwellawardswinners2020-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inkwellawardswinners2020_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inkwellawards.com/award-recipients/2020-winners/">"Inkwell Awards Winners 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Inkwell_Awards" title="Inkwell Awards">Inkwell Awards</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415143905/https://inkwellawards.com/award-recipients/2020-winners/">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inkwell+Awards&rft.atitle=Inkwell+Awards+Winners+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finkwellawards.com%2Faward-recipients%2F2020-winners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Lynn E. "Bullpen Bulletins," Marvel comics <a href="/wiki/Cover-date" class="mw-redirect" title="Cover-date">cover-dated</a> January 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae10print-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ae10print_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romita interview, <i>Alter Ego</i> #9, p. 10; appears in print version only</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad2023" class="citation news cs1">Saad, Nardine (June 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2023-06-14/john-romita-sr-dead-comic-books-artist-marvel">"John Romita Sr., who drew early 'Spider-Man' comics and Wolverine for Marvel, dead at 93"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614165620/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2023-06-14/john-romita-sr-dead-comic-books-artist-marvel">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=John+Romita+Sr.%2C+who+drew+early+%27Spider-Man%27+comics+and+Wolverine+for+Marvel%2C+dead+at+93&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft.aulast=Saad&rft.aufirst=Nardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fbooks%2Fstory%2F2023-06-14%2Fjohn-romita-sr-dead-comic-books-artist-marvel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Jenna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/comics/news/john-romita-sr-marvel-comics-artist-wolverine-co-creator-dead-93-obituary/">"John Romita Sr., Legendary Marvel Comics Artist & Wolverine Co-Creator, Dead at 93"</a>. <i>ComicBook.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230614141457/https://comicbook.com/comics/news/john-romita-sr-marvel-comics-artist-wolverine-co-creator-dead-93-obituary/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ComicBook.com&rft.atitle=John+Romita+Sr.%2C+Legendary+Marvel+Comics+Artist+%26+Wolverine+Co-Creator%2C+Dead+at+93&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fcomics%2Fnews%2Fjohn-romita-sr-marvel-comics-artist-wolverine-co-creator-dead-93-obituary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201140-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201140_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201143-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201143_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201135-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham201135_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham20113-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeonCunningham20113_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011">Spurgeon & Cunningham 2011</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200717-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200717_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton200718-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton200718_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2007">Hamilton 2007</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2007" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Sue L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJJ6AgAAQBAJ&q=%22Victor+and+Marie+Romita%22&pg=PA4"><i>John Romita, Sr</i></a>. ABDO Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781599283029" title="Special:BookSources/9781599283029"><bdi>9781599283029</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Romita%2C+Sr.&rft.pub=ABDO+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781599283029&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Sue+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJJ6AgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Victor%2Band%2BMarie%2BRomita%2522%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurlockRomita2002" class="citation book cs1">Spurlock, J. David; Romita, John (2002). <i>John Romita Sketchbook</i>. Lebanon, New Jersey: Vanguard Productions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-887591-29-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-887591-29-X"><bdi>1-887591-29-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Romita+Sketchbook&rft.place=Lebanon%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Vanguard+Productions&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-887591-29-X&rft.aulast=Spurlock&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft.au=Romita%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeonCunningham2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Spurgeon" title="Tom Spurgeon">Spurgeon, Tom</a>; Cunningham, Brian (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o4fhDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Romita Legacy</i></a>. Mount Laurel, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_Entertainment" title="Dynamite Entertainment">Dynamite Entertainment</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933305271" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933305271"><bdi>978-1933305271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romita+Legacy&rft.place=Mount+Laurel%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Dynamite+Entertainment&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1933305271&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do4fhDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasAmash2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Thomas, Roy</a>; Amash, Jim (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I715zwEACAAJ"><i>John Romita... and All That Jazz!</i></a>. Raleigh, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/TwoMorrows_Publishing" title="TwoMorrows Publishing">TwoMorrows Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893905-75-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893905-75-7"><bdi>978-1-893905-75-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Romita...+and+All+That+Jazz%21&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-893905-75-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Amash%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI715zwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Romita+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Romita_Sr.&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Romita,_Sr." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Romita, Sr.">John Romita Sr.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2018010101/http://comicbookdb.com/creator.php?ID=588">John Romita Sr.</a> at the Comic Book DB (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicbookdb.com/creator.php?ID=588">the original</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikesamazingworld.com/mikes/features/creator.php?creatorid=138">John Romita Sr.</a> at Mike's Amazing World of Comics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/namr21.htm#N73">John Romita Sr.</a> at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/John+Romita">John Romita Sr.</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0739661/">John Romita Sr.</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Powell" title="Bob Powell">Bob Powell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i> artist </b><br />1966 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Suspense" title="Tales of Suspense">Tales of Suspense</a></i><br />("<a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a>" feature)<br /> artist </b><br />1966 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jack Kirby</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i> artist </b><br />1966–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jack Kirby</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></i> artist </b><br />1970–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gene Colan</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i>Captain America</i> artist </b><br />1971–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sal_Buscema" title="Sal Buscema">Sal Buscema</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gil Kane</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <i>The Amazing Spider-Man</i> artist </b><br />1972–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Andru" title="Ross Andru">Ross Andru</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Alyn" title="Kirk Alyn">Kirk Alyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clampett" title="Bob Clampett">Bob Clampett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Foray" title="June Foray">June Foray</a></li> <li>Eric Hoffman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Lund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Lund (page does not exist)">William R. "Bill" Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Manning" title="Russ Manning">Russ Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Myers" title="Russell Myers">Russell Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Seuling" title="Phil Seuling">Phil Seuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjo_Trimble" title="Bjo Trimble">Bjo Trimble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Alfonso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Alfonso (page does not exist)">Barry Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Anderson_(cartoonist)" title="Brad Anderson (cartoonist)">Brad Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaughn Bodé">Vaughn Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daws_Butler" title="Daws Butler">Daws Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Butner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Butner (page does not exist)">Richard Butner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shel_Dorf" title="Shel Dorf">Shel Dorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Light_(comics)" title="Alan Light (comics)">Alan Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Moores" title="Dick Moores">Dick Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Windsor-Smith" title="Barry Windsor-Smith">Barry Windsor-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Starlin" title="Jim Starlin">Jim Starlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Vincent" title="Larry Vincent">Larry Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brunner" title="Frank Brunner">Frank Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hart" title="Johnny Hart">Johnny Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson" title="George Clayton Johnson">George Clayton Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Kelso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicky Kelso (page does not exist)">Vicky Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mel Lazarus">Mel Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Mayer" title="Sheldon Mayer">Sheldon Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Messick" title="Dale Messick">Dale Messick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Alex Niño">Alex Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Thompson_(Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Thompson (Comics Buyer's Guide)">Don Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Thompson" title="Maggie Thompson">Maggie Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Alcala" title="Alfredo Alcala">Alfredo Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Beck" title="C. C. Beck">C. C. Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Chaykin" title="Howard Chaykin">Howard Chaykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Dent" title="Lester Dent">Lester Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Estrada" title="Jackie Estrada">Jackie Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Gibson" title="Walter B. Gibson">Walter "The Shadow" Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Harmon" title="Jim Harmon">Jim Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Henderson (page does not exist)">Gene Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kaluta" title="Michael Kaluta">Michael Kaluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lynde" title="Stan Lynde">Stan Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Preiss" title="Byron Preiss">Byron Preiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Ralph_Ross" title="Stanley Ralph Ross">Stanley Ralph Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Scott_(voice_actor)" title="Bill Scott (voice actor)">Bill Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scroggy" title="David Scroggy">David Scroggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward" title="Jay Ward">Jay Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wein" title="Len Wein">Len Wein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capp" title="Al Capp">Al Capp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Fox" title="Gill Fox">Gill Fox</a></li> <li>Tom French</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Gould" title="Chester Gould">Chester Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burne_Hogarth" title="Burne Hogarth">Burne Hogarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Krueger" title="Ken Krueger">Ken Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernie_Lansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernie Lansky (page does not exist)">Bernie Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Morrow" title="Gray Morrow">Gray Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Nash" title="Clarence Nash">Clarence Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Natwick" title="Grim Natwick">Grim Natwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rotsler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Rotsler">Bill Rotsler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royer_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Royer (comics)">Mike Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Sheridan (artist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Stout" title="Bill Stout">Bill Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thorne" title="Frank Thorne">Frank Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vallejo" title="Boris Vallejo">Boris Vallejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Weisinger" title="Mort Weisinger">Mort Weisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Woggon" title="Elmer Woggon">Elmer Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Craig Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Enzenbacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Enzenbacher (page does not exist)">Dale Enzenbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Freas" title="Kelly Freas">Kelly Freas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia French (page does not exist)">Virginia French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Hazelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Hazelton (page does not exist)">Gene Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Macek" title="Carl Macek">Carl Macek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Partch" title="Virgil Partch">Virgil Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Redondo" title="Nestor Redondo">Nestor Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Romita Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Spicer" title="Bill Spicer">Bill Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Walker" title="Mort Walker">Mort Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Romita_Jr." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Romita_Jr." title="Template:John Romita Jr."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Romita_Jr." title="Template talk:John Romita Jr."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Romita_Jr." title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Romita Jr."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Romita_Jr." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Jr." title="John Romita Jr.">John Romita Jr.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversary_(comics)" title="Adversary (comics)">Adversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Voght" title="Amelia Voght">Amelia Voght</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Venom_(symbiote)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Venom (symbiote)">Anti-Venom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arclight_(comics)" title="Arclight (comics)">Arclight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheart" title="Blackheart">Blackheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet (Marvel Comics)">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazzler_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Dazzler (Marvel Comics)">Dazzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Fortunato" title="Don Fortunato">Don Fortunato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cord" title="Edwin Cord">Edwin Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Sims" title="Ezekiel Sims">Ezekiel Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenris_(comics)" title="Fenris (comics)">Fenris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forge (comics)">Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon_(Tomi_Shishido)" title="Gorgon (Tomi Shishido)">Gorgon (Tomi Shishido)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobgoblin_(comics)" title="Hobgoblin (comics)">Hobgoblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydro-Man" title="Hydro-Man">Hydro-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy-6">Jimmy-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Carlyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke Carlyle">Luke Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Michaels" title="Lynn Michaels">Lynn Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Hammer" title="Justin Hammer">Justin Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Web" title="Madame Web">Madame Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marauders_(comics)" title="Marauders (comics)">Marauders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margali_Szardos" class="mw-redirect" title="Margali Szardos">Margali Szardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauler_(comics)" title="Mauler (comics)">Mauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Fondozzi" title="Mickey Fondozzi">Mickey Fondozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan (comics)">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Rambeau" title="Monica Rambeau">Monica Rambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morlun" title="Morlun">Morlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophyte_(comics)" title="Neophyte (comics)">Neophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(comics)" title="Nimrod (comics)">Nimrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Summers" title="Rachel Summers">Rachel Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riptide_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Riptide (Marvel Comics)">Riptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Kingsley" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderick Kingsley">Roderick Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizoid_Man_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizoid Man (comics)">Schizoid Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambler_(comics)" title="Scrambler (comics)">Scrambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Mellencamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamus Mellencamp">Seamus Mellencamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senyaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Senyaka">Senyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock_(comics)" title="Shamrock (comics)">Shamrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shard_(comics)" title="Shard (comics)">Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shathra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shathra">Shathra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuri (comics)">Shuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaar_(character)" title="Skaar (character)">Skaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoor_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoor (comics)">Spoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squid (Marvel Comics)">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunturion" title="Sunturion">Sunturion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Girl" title="Thor Girl">Thor Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_Mary_(character)" title="Typhoid Mary (character)">Typhoid Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Cooper" title="Valerie Cooper">Valerie Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wraith_(Yuri_Watanabe)" title="Wraith (Yuri Watanabe)">Wraith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hit-Girl" title="Hit-Girl">Hit-Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick-Ass_(character)" title="Kick-Ass (character)">Kick-Ass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Romita Sr. (father)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Luke_Cage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Luke_Cage" title="Template:Luke Cage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Luke_Cage" title="Template talk:Luke Cage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Luke_Cage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Luke Cage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Luke_Cage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage" title="Luke Cage">Luke Cage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Goodwin_(comics)" title="Archie Goodwin (comics)">Archie Goodwin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Romita Sr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Luke_Cage_and_Iron_Fist_supporting_characters" title="List of Luke Cage and Iron Fist supporting characters">Supporting characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben_Donovan" title="Big Ben Donovan">Big Ben Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)">Daredevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Griffith_(comics)" title="David Griffith (comics)">David Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_North_(character)" title="Dakota North (character)">Dakota North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Fist_(character)" title="Iron Fist (character)">Iron Fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Jones" title="Jessica Jones">Jessica Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Knight" title="Misty Knight">Misty Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Temple" title="Claire Temple">Claire Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Grimm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Grimm">Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Wing" title="Colleen Wing">Colleen Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mariah_(comics)" title="Black Mariah (comics)">Black Mariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmaster_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Bushmaster (Marvel Comics)">Bushmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistro" title="Chemistro">Chemistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Cat_(comics)" title="Cheshire Cat (comics)">Cheshire Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockroach_Hamilton" title="Cockroach Hamilton">Cockroach Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche_(comics)" title="Comanche (comics)">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonmouth_(Cornell_Stokes)" title="Cottonmouth (Cornell Stokes)">Cottonmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_(Willis_Stryker)" title="Diamondback (Willis Stryker)">Diamondback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Aguila" class="mw-redirect" title="El Aguila">El Aguila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mace" title="Gideon Mace">Gideon Mace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Josten" title="Erik Josten">Erik Josten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggia_(comics)" title="Maggia (comics)">Maggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Fish" title="Mr. Fish">Mr. Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilda_Johnson" title="Tilda Johnson">Nightshade/Nighthawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Man" title="Purple Man">Purple Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_(comics)" title="Shades (comics)">Shades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Smythe" title="Alistair Smythe">Alistair Smythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplejack_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Steeplejack (Marvel Comics)">Steeplejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zzzax" title="Zzzax">Zzzax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Avengers" title="The Mighty Avengers">Mighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(comics)" title="The New Avengers (comics)">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_(comics)" title="Defenders (comics)">Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_for_Hire" title="Heroes for Hire">Heroes for Hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolts_(comics)" title="Thunderbolts (comics)">Thunderbolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_Man_and_Iron_Fist" title="Power Man and Iron Fist">Power Man and Iron Fist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alias_(comics)" title="Alias (comics)">Alias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pulse_(comics)" title="The Pulse (comics)">The Pulse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Reign" title="Devil's Reign">Devil's Reign</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gang_War_(comics)" title="Gang War (comics)">Gang War</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage_(TV_series)" title="Luke Cage (TV series)">Luke Cage</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage_season_1" title="Luke Cage season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage_season_2" title="Luke Cage season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Luke_Cage_characters" title="List of Luke Cage characters">characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Cage_(soundtrack)" title="Luke Cage (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Luke_Cage" title="Category:Luke Cage">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Punisher" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punisher" title="Template:Punisher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punisher" title="Template talk:Punisher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punisher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punisher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Punisher" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punisher" title="Punisher">The Punisher</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Created by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Conway" title="Gerry Conway">Gerry Conway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ross_Andru" title="Ross Andru">Ross Andru</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Romita Sr.</a> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_129" title="The Amazing Spider-Man 129">The Punisher Strikes Twice!</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punisher_supporting_characters" title="List of Punisher supporting characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)">Daredevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._W._Bridge" title="G. W. Bridge">G. W. Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Cole-Alves" title="Rachel Cole-Alves">Rachel Cole-Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampage_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Rampage (Marvel Comics)">Rampage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Michaels" title="Lynn Michaels">Lynn Michaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Fondozzi" title="Mickey Fondozzi">Mickey Fondozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Soap" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Soap">Martin Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(comics)" title="Outlaw (comics)">Outlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barracuda_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barracuda (comics)">Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullseye_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullseye (character)">Bullseye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwacker_(comics)" title="Bushwacker (comics)">Bushwacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damage_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Damage (Marvel Comics)">Damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Hitman (Marvel Comics)">Hitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hood (Marvel Comics)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Jigsaw (Marvel Comics)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingpin_(character)" title="Kingpin (character)">Kingpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gorgon" title="Lady Gorgon">Lady Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Gnucci" title="Ma Gnucci">Ma Gnucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_(comics)" title="Microchip (comics)">Microchip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Negative" title="Mister Negative">Mister Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_(comics)" title="Olivier (comics)">Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapido_(comics)" title="Rapido (comics)">Rapido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev_(comics)" title="Rev (comics)">Rev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_(comics)" title="Russian (comics)">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saracen_(comics)" title="Saracen (comics)">Saracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_(comics)" title="Sniper (comics)">Sniper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punisher_titles" title="List of Punisher titles">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1986_series)" title="The Punisher (1986 series)">1986 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1987_series)" title="The Punisher (1987 series)">1987 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(1995_series)" title="Punisher (1995 series)">1995 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1998_series)" title="The Punisher (1998 series)">1998 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2000_series)" title="The Punisher (2000 series)">2000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2001_series)" title="The Punisher (2001 series)">2001 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2004_series)" title="The Punisher (2004 series)">2004 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_(2009_series)" title="Punisher (2009 series)">2009 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2011_series)" title="The Punisher (2011 series)">2011 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2014_series)" title="The Punisher (2014 series)">2014 series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_War_Journal" title="The Punisher War Journal">War Journal</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_War_Journal_(1988_series)" title="The Punisher War Journal (1988 series)">1988 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher_War_Journal_(2006_series)" title="Punisher War Journal (2006 series)">2006 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_War_Zone" title="The Punisher War Zone">War Zone</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_War_Zone_(1992_series)" title="The Punisher War Zone (1992 series)">1992 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_War_Zone_(2008_series)" title="The Punisher: War Zone (2008 series)">2008 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_War_Zone_(2012_series)" title="Punisher: War Zone (2012 series)">2012 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher_2099" title="Punisher 2099">2099</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher_Max" title="Punisher Max">Punisher Max</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ghost_Rider" title="Cosmic Ghost Rider">Cosmic Ghost Rider</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher_P.O.V." title="Punisher P.O.V.">Punisher P.O.V.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archie_Meets_the_Punisher" title="Archie Meets the Punisher">Archie Meets the Punisher</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher_Kills_the_Marvel_Universe" title="Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe">Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Born_(comics)" title="Born (comics)">Born</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_The_Platoon" title="Punisher: The Platoon">The Platoon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_The_End" title="The Punisher: The End">The End</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_In_the_Blood" title="Punisher: In the Blood">In the Blood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/5_Ronin" title="5 Ronin">5 Ronin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punisher_in_other_media" title="Punisher in other media">In other<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punisher_in_film" title="Punisher in film">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1989_film)" title="The Punisher (1989 film)"><i>The Punisher</i> (1989)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1989_score)" title="The Punisher (1989 score)">score</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2004_film)" title="The Punisher (2004 film)"><i>The Punisher</i> (2004)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2004_score)" title="The Punisher (2004 score)">score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_The_Album" title="The Punisher: The Album">album</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_War_Zone" title="Punisher: War Zone">Punisher: War Zone</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_War_Zone_(score)" title="Punisher: War Zone (score)">score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punisher:_War_Zone_(soundtrack)" title="Punisher: War Zone (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Confidential:_Black_Widow_%26_Punisher" title="Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher">Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fan_films" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_Dirty_Laundry" title="The Punisher: Dirty Laundry">Dirty Laundry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Fall_in_New_York_City" title="Do Not Fall in New York City">Do Not Fall in New York City</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punisher_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Punisher video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1990_computer_game)" title="The Punisher (1990 computer game)"><i>The Punisher</i></a> (computer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1991_NES_video_game)" title="The Punisher (1991 NES video game)"><i>The Punisher</i></a> (NES)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_The_Ultimate_Payback!" title="The Punisher: The Ultimate Payback!">The Punisher: The Ultimate Payback!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(1993_video_game)" title="The Punisher (1993 video game)"><i>The Punisher</i></a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(2005_video_game)" title="The Punisher (2005 video game)"><i>The Punisher</i></a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher:_No_Mercy" title="The Punisher: No Mercy">The Punisher: No Mercy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_(TV_series)" title="The Punisher (TV series)">The Punisher</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_season_1" title="The Punisher season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Punisher_season_2" title="The Punisher season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Castle_(Marvel_Cinematic_Universe)" title="Frank Castle (Marvel Cinematic Universe)">Frank Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Ennis" title="Garth Ennis">Garth Ennis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_%27Nam" title="The 'Nam">The 'Nam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_Punishers" title="Palm Beach Punishers">Palm Beach Punishers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadowmasters" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadowmasters">Shadowmasters</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Punisher" title="Category:Punisher">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wolverine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolverine" title="Template:Wolverine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolverine" title="Template talk:Wolverine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolverine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolverine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wolverine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(character)" title="Wolverine (character)">Wolverine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wein" title="Len Wein">Len Wein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Romita Sr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Flight" title="Alpha Flight">Alpha Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Avengers_(comics)" title="The New Avengers (comics)">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_Avengers" title="Uncanny Avengers">Uncanny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.H.I.E.L.D." title="S.H.I.E.L.D.">S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_X_(comics)" title="Team X (comics)">Team X</a> / <a href="/wiki/Weapon_X" title="Weapon X">Weapon X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Force" title="X-Force">X-Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Defenders" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Defenders">Secret Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsemen_of_Apocalypse" title="Horsemen of Apocalypse">Horsemen of Apocalypse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Worthington_III" title="Warren Worthington III">Angel/Archangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_(Marvel_Comics_character)" title="Armor (Marvel Comics character)">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshee_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banshee (comics)">Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Beast (Marvel Comics)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Bishop (Marvel Comics)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_(character)" title="Cable (character)">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_(character)" title="Colossus (character)">Colossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cyclops (Marvel Comics)">Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Frost" title="Emma Frost">Emma Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_(character)" title="Forge (character)">Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambit (comics)">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Havok (comics)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Iceman (Marvel Comics)">Iceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Grey" title="Jean Grey">Jean Grey/Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Marvel Comics)">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karma (comics)">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwannon_(character)" title="Kwannon (character)">Kwannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sydney" title="Kevin Sydney">Morph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcrawler_(character)" title="Nightcrawler (character)">Nightcrawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Polaris (Marvel Comics)">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_X" title="Professor X">Professor X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Pryde" title="Kitty Pryde">Kitty Pryde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Braddock" title="Betsy Braddock">Psylocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Rogue (Marvel Comics)">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Storm (Marvel Comics)">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-23" title="X-23">X-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting<br />characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Flight" title="Alpha Flight">Alpha Flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vindicator_(comics)" title="Vindicator (comics)">Heather Hudson (Vindicator)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Guardian (Marvel Comics)">James Hudson (Guardian)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Black Cat (Marvel Comics)">Black Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(Natasha_Romanova)" title="Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Corrigan" title="Archie Corrigan">Archie Corrigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daken" class="mw-redirect" title="Daken">Daken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_North_(character)" title="David North (character)">Agent Zero/Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool" title="Deadpool">Deadpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie-Dee" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsie-Dee">Elsie-Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Woman_(Jessica_Drew)" title="Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew)">Jessica Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(character)" title="Elektra (character)">Elektra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feral_(character)" title="Feral (character)">Feral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkeye_(Clint_Barton)" title="Hawkeye (Clint Barton)">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hudson" title="Jimmy Hudson">Jimmy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk" title="Hulk">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man" title="Iron Man">Iron Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka-Zar_(Kevin_Plunder)" title="Ka-Zar (Kevin Plunder)">Ka-Zar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Knight" title="Moon Knight">Moon Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namor" title="Namor">Namor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native (character)">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fury" title="Nick Fury">Nick Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Fox_(character)" title="Silver Fox (character)">Silver Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_H" title="Weapon H">Weapon H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kestrel_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Kestrel (Marvel Comics)">John Wraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-23" title="X-23">X-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Men" title="X-Men">X-Men</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_X-Men_members" title="List of X-Men members">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariko_Yashida" title="Mariko Yashida">Mariko Yashida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_(comics)" title="Yukio (comics)">Yukio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Idea_Mechanics" title="Advanced Idea Mechanics">A.I.M.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_North_(character)" title="David North (character)">Agent Zero/Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_(character)" title="Apocalypse (character)">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnim_Zola" title="Arnim Zola">Arnim Zola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion_(comics)" title="Bastion (comics)">Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodscream" title="Bloodscream">Bloodscream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_Trask" title="Bolivar Trask">Bolivar Trask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Mutants" title="Brotherhood of Mutants">Brotherhood of Mutants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magneto_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Magneto (Marvel Comics)">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabretooth_(character)" title="Sabretooth (character)">Sabretooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toad_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Toad (Marvel Comics)">Toad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystique_(character)" title="Mystique (character)">Mystique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggernaut_(character)" title="Juggernaut (character)">Juggernaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blob_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blob (comics)">Blob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Pyro (Marvel Comics)">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastermind_(Jason_Wyngarde)" title="Mastermind (Jason Wyngarde)">Mastermind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(character)" title="Avalanche (character)">Avalanche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Hodge" title="Cameron Hodge">Cameron Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Colcord" title="Malcolm Colcord">Malcolm Colcord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_(character)" title="Collector (character)">Collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Cornelius" title="Abraham Cornelius">Abraham Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Cyber (Marvel Comics)">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Genesis (Marvel Comics)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgon_(Tomi_Shishido)" title="Gorgon (Tomi Shishido)">Gorgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hand_(comics)" title="The Hand (comics)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellfire_Club_(comics)" title="Hellfire Club (comics)">Hellfire Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Pierce" title="Donald Pierce">Donald Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Leland" title="Harry Leland">Harry Leland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Shaw_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian Shaw (comics)">Sebastian Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene_Gallio" class="mw-redirect" title="Selene Gallio">Selene Gallio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Jackson" title="Brent Jackson">Brent Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Deathstrike" title="Lady Deathstrike">Lady Deathstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dark_Wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Dark Wind">Lord Dark Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingen_Yashida" title="Shingen Yashida">Lord Shingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Logan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog Logan">Dog Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Logan" title="Thomas Logan">Thomas Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggia_(comics)" title="Maggia (comics)">Maggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Sinister" title="Mister Sinister">Mister Sinister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_X_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Mister X (Marvel Comics)">Mister X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(comics)" title="Mojo (comics)">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitro_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitro (comics)">Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuke_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Nuke (Marvel Comics)">Nuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun_(comics)" title="Ogun (comics)">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Red" title="Omega Red">Omega Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx_(comics)" title="Phalanx (comics)">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Thorton" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor Thorton">Professor Thorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puma_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puma (comics)">Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reavers_(comics)" title="Reavers (comics)">Reavers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(comics)" title="Romulus (comics)">Romulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughouse" title="Roughouse">Roughouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron_(comics)" title="Sauron (comics)">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Land_Mutates" title="Savage Land Mutates">Savage Land Mutates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(comics)" title="Sentinel (comics)">Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_King" title="Shadow King">Shadow King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Samurai" title="Silver Samurai">Silver Samurai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenuichio_Harada" title="Kenuichio Harada">Kenuichio Harada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingen_Yashida" title="Shingen Yashida">Shin Harada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_(character)" title="Spiral (character)">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Styx" title="Sapphire Styx">Sapphire Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiote_(comics)" title="Symbiote (comics)">Symbiotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskmaster_(character)" title="Taskmaster (character)">Taskmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Shark_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Tiger Shark (Marvel Comics)">Tiger Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu%27o_Tsurayaba" title="Matsu'o Tsurayaba">Matsu'o Tsurayaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermin_(character)" title="Vermin (character)">Vermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viper_(Madame_Hydra)" title="Viper (Madame Hydra)">Viper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendigo_(comics)" title="Wendigo (comics)">Wendigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Child_(character)" title="Wild Child (character)">Wild Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stryker" title="William Stryker">William Stryker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(comic_book)" title="Wolverine (comic book)">Comic books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5_Ronin" title="5 Ronin">5 Ronin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astonishing_Spider-Man_%26_Wolverine" title="Astonishing Spider-Man & Wolverine">Astonishing Spider-Man & Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_and_Wolverine:_The_Redeemer" title="Elektra and Wolverine: The Redeemer">Elektra and Wolverine: The Redeemer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hellverine_(comic_book)" title="Hellverine (comic book)">Hellverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Pryde_and_Wolverine" title="Kitty Pryde and Wolverine">Kitty Pryde and Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics_Presents" title="Marvel Comics Presents">Marvel Comics Presents</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Weapon_X_(story_arc)" title="Weapon X (story arc)">Weapon X</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Origin_(comics)" title="Origin (comics)">Origin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savage_Wolverine" title="Savage Wolverine">Savage Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Wolverine_vs._Hulk" title="Ultimate Wolverine vs. Hulk">Ultimate Wolverine vs. Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(comic_book)" title="Wolverine (comic book)">Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Manifest_Destiny" title="Wolverine: Manifest Destiny">Wolverine: Manifest Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Origins" title="Wolverine: Origins">Wolverine: Origins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Snikt!" title="Wolverine: Snikt!">Wolverine: Snikt!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_The_Best_There_Is" title="Wolverine: The Best There Is">Wolverine: The Best There Is</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_and_the_X-Men_(comics)" title="Wolverine and the X-Men (comics)">Wolverine and the X-Men</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_and_Deadpool" title="Wolverine and Deadpool">Wolverine and Deadpool</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Weapon_X" title="Wolverine: Weapon X">Wolverine: Weapon X</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Wolverine" title="Death of Wolverine">Death of Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury_trilogy" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury trilogy">Wolverine/Nick Fury</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury:_The_Scorpio_Connection" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection">The Scorpio Connection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Bloody_Choices" title="Wolverine: Bloody Choices">Bloody Choices</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine/Nick_Fury:_Scorpio_Rising" title="Wolverine/Nick Fury: Scorpio Rising">Scorpio Rising</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All-New_Wolverine" title="All-New Wolverine">All-New Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hunt_for_Wolverine" title="Hunt for Wolverine">Hunt for Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/predator-vs-wolverine">Predator vs. Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Wolverine" title="Return of Wolverine">Return of Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X_Lives_of_Wolverine_and_X_Deaths_of_Wolverine" title="X Lives of Wolverine and X Deaths of Wolverine">X Lives of Wolverine and X Deaths of Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Hunt_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Blood Hunt (Marvel Comics)">Blood Hunt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venom_War" title="Venom War">Venom War</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_in_other_media#Solo_games" title="Wolverine in other media">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(1991_video_game)" title="Wolverine (1991 video game)">Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine:_Adamantium_Rage" title="Wolverine: Adamantium Rage">Wolverine: Adamantium Rage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_Wolverine%27s_Rage" title="X-Men: Wolverine's Rage">X-Men: Wolverine's Rage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X2:_Wolverine%27s_Revenge" title="X2: Wolverine's Revenge">X2: Wolverine's Revenge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Origins:_Wolverine_(video_game)" title="X-Men Origins: Wolverine (video game)">X-Men Origins: Wolverine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel%27s_Wolverine" title="Marvel's Wolverine">Marvel's Wolverine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_in_other_media" title="Wolverine in other media">In other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Origins:_Wolverine" title="X-Men Origins: Wolverine">X-Men Origins: Wolverine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_Origins:_Wolverine_(soundtrack)" title="X-Men Origins: Wolverine (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolverine_(film)" title="The Wolverine (film)">The Wolverine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolverine_(soundtrack)" title="The Wolverine (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logan_(film)" title="Logan (film)">Logan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logan_(soundtrack)" title="Logan (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deadpool_%26_Wolverine" title="Deadpool & Wolverine">Deadpool & Wolverine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool_%26_Wolverine_(soundtrack)" title="Deadpool & Wolverine (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Slash_(song)" title="Slash (song)">Slash</a>"</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_and_the_X-Men_(TV_series)" title="Wolverine and the X-Men (TV series)">Wolverine and the X-Men</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(podcast)" title="Wolverine (podcast)"><i>Wolverine</i> (podcast)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel%27s_Wastelanders" title="Marvel's Wastelanders"><i>Marvel's Wastelanders</i> (podcast)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Anime" title="Marvel Anime">Marvel Anime</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_versions_of_Wolverine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative versions of Wolverine">Alternative versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(Ultimate_Marvel_character)" title="Wolverine (Ultimate Marvel character)">Ultimate Wolverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Logan" title="Old Man Logan">Old Man Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_(film_character)" title="Logan (film character)">Film Logan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_X" title="Weapon X">Weapon X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_Plus" title="Weapon Plus">Weapon Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madripoor" title="Madripoor">Madripoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau,_Luckman,_and_Lake" title="Landau, Luckman, and Lake">Landau, Luckman, and Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wolverine_(comics)" title="Category:Wolverine (comics)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1484216#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107995117">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41850714">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1695071/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbRkhRbWGKbJfXtvp4jG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1136033130">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Romita, John, 1930-2023"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006054269">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120129447">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120129447">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40293178">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2005269892&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1097169">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069206112">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1656996719792">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810686197005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508780106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7e8959cb-f399-4f85-a4e7-98660f4cd647">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1136033130">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078998026">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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