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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: black"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:black;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg/75px-Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg/113px-Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg/150px-Mahathir_Mohamad_August_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:black;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Mahathir Mohamad</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Political positions of Mahathir Mohamad">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Mahathir_Mohamad" title="List of awards and honours received by Mahathir Mohamad">Awards and honours</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Prime Minister of Malaysia</div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/First_premiership_of_Mahathir_Mohamad" class="mw-redirect" title="First premiership of Mahathir Mohamad">First term (1981–2003)</a></b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North-South Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSC_Malaysia" title="MSC Malaysia">MSC Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Holdings" title="Proton Holdings">Proton Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_2020" title="Wawasan 2020">Wawasan 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Policy" title="National Development Policy">National Development Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia">1993 constitutional amendment</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangsa Malaysia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Haze" title="Operation Haze">Operation Haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_Growth_Triangle" title="Indonesia–Malaysia–Thailand Growth Triangle">IMT-GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)"><i>Reformasi</i></a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronas_Towers" title="Petronas Towers">Petronas Towers</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Second_premiership_of_Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Second premiership of Mahathir Mohamad">Second term (2018–2020)</a></b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Prosperity_Vision_2030" title="Shared Prosperity Vision 2030">Shared Prosperity Vision 2030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Mahathir_Mohamad_during_his_second_term" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Mahathir Mohamad during his second term">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabung_Harapan_Malaysia" title="Tabung Harapan Malaysia">THM fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_2019_amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Proposed 2019 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia">Borneo states bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020-2022_Malaysian_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020 political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b>Cabinets</b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mahathir_cabinet" title="First Mahathir cabinet">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Second Mahathir cabinet">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Third Mahathir cabinet">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fourth Mahathir cabinet">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fifth Mahathir cabinet">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Sixth Mahathir cabinet">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Seventh Mahathir cabinet">VII</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b>Political parties</b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <p><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a> (1964–2016)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">BERSATU</a> (2016–2020)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Fighters%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Fighters' Party">PEJUANG</a> (2020–2023)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">PUTRA</a> (2023–present) </p> <ul><li><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b>Coalitions</b></div></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a> (1964–1974)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (1974–2016)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> (2017–2020)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Tanah_Air" title="Gerakan Tanah Air">Gerakan Tanah Air</a> (2022–2023)<br /> </p> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b>Family</b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Hasmah_Mohamad_Ali" title="Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali">Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhriz_Mahathir" title="Mukhriz Mahathir">Mukhriz Mahathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokhzani_Mahathir" title="Mokhzani Mahathir">Mokhzani Mahathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Mahathir" title="Marina Mahathir">Marina Mahathir</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><b>Related</b></div></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_War_Crimes_Commission" title="Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission">KL War Crimes Commission</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Dilemma" title="The Malay Dilemma">The Malay Dilemma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Citizens%27_Declaration" title="Malaysian Citizens' Declaration">Citizens' Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teater_Tun_Siti_Hasmah" title="Teater Tun Siti Hasmah">Teater Tun Siti Hasmah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahathir,_the_Musical" title="Mahathir, the Musical">Mahathir, the Musical</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Science_Award" title="Mahathir Science Award">Mahathir Science Award</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad's signature"><img alt="Mahathir Mohamad's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg/100px-Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg/150px-Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg/200px-Mahathir_Mohamad_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mahathir_Mohamad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mahathir Mohamad"><b>Gallery</b></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mahathir_bin_Mohamad" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Mahathir bin Mohamad"><b>Quotes</b></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahathir_Mohamad_sidebar" title="Template:Mahathir Mohamad sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahathir_Mohamad_sidebar" title="Template talk:Mahathir Mohamad sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahathir_Mohamad_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahathir Mohamad sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Bangsa Malaysia</b></i> (English: <span lang="en"><b>Malaysian nation</b></span>) policy was introduced by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, to create an inclusive national identity for all inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, thus abandoning the <a href="/wiki/National_Culture_Policy" title="National Culture Policy">National Culture Policy</a> that asserted a <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> ethnic national identity. Mahathir Mohamad said it means "people being able to identify themselves with the country, speak <i>Bahasa Malaysia</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>) and accept the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The policy's support in the government appears to vary. <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghani_Othman" title="Abdul Ghani Othman">Abdul Ghani Othman</a>, Menteri Besar of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, alleged that <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> was a "nebulous concept" which overstepped the bounds of the Constitution. "Even if the term <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> is to be used, it must only be applied in the context of all the peoples of Malaysia with the Malays as the pivotal race," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Lim_Keng_Yaik" title="Lim Keng Yaik">Lim Keng Yaik</a>, a Minister in the federal government, insisted that <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> was an official government policy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Ministers also criticised Ghani's statement; one said that the policy "has nothing to do with one race given a pivotal role over others", while another said that "It does not impinge on the rights of Bumiputeras or other communities."<sup id="cite_ref-reaction_to_ghani_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaction_to_ghani-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Tun_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Najib Tun Razak">Najib Tun Razak</a> argued that attempting to define the policy from a political viewpoint was pointless, as it had no official standing in the Constitution, and called for the debate to cease. He also said that "Bangsa Malaysia means we do not evaluate someone by his skin colour, race or religion," and contradicted Ghani, saying: "It does not question the special rights of the Malays, our quota or anything of that sort."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghani insisted, however, that those advocating <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> were echoing <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>'s call for a "<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a>" made during the early 1960s when <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> was a state in Malaysia, even though the campaign had been turned down by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One academic suggested that the conflict stemmed from the different meanings of the word "bangsa", which can mean either race or nation. Although the concept of a Malaysian race could be confusing, he suggested, taking <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> to imply a Malaysian nation would be more sensible.<sup id="cite_ref-reaction_to_ghani_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaction_to_ghani-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the UMNO Annual General Assembly that year, Ghani elaborated that his opposition to <i>Bangsa Malaysia</i> and "Malaysian Malaysia" was because: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is about everything being equal and this does not capture the hearts of Malaysians. Therefore, regardless of whatever name is given, the concept is similar and this is against <i>idea kenegaraan</i> (the idea of nationhood) which we have inherited.</p></blockquote> <p>Ghani defined his <i>idea kenegaraan</i> as "the idea that has united the Malays, and also the same idea that has given privileges to other races to be citizens, live together and share power and prosperity."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a> (Malay supremacy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">1Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805212841/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/95/1006/nat4.html">"One Nation, One People"</a>. <i>AsiaWeek</i>. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/95/1006/nat4.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AsiaWeek&rft.atitle=One+Nation%2C+One+People&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgi.cnn.com%2FASIANOW%2Fasiaweek%2F95%2F1006%2Fnat4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABangsa+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nambiar, Ravi & Nadzmi, Siti Nurbaiyah (Nov. 6, 2006). "Ghani: Bangsa Malaysia is rojak and unacceptable", p. 10. <i>New Straits Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"'Johor Umno going against government'", p. 10. (Nov. 6, 2006). <i>New Straits Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reaction_to_ghani-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reaction_to_ghani_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reaction_to_ghani_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"'Rejection of concept affects integration efforts'", p. 7. (Nov. 7, 2006). <i>New Straits Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tan, Marsha, Teh, Eng Hock, Vijayan, Meera & Zolkepli, Farik (Nov. 7, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/11/7/nation/15939803&sec=nation&focus=1">Bangsa Malaysia in mind</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070325115212/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F11%2F7%2Fnation%2F15939803&sec=nation&focus=1">Archived</a> 25 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Star</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nambiar, Ravi & Nadzmi, Siti Nurbaiyah (Nov. 7, 2006). "No Bangsa Malaysia in Constitution, says Najib", p. 6. <i>New Straits Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tan, Marsha (Dec. 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=/2006/12/3/nation/16212464&sec=nation">Ghani on why people cannot accept concept</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521031546/http://thestaronline.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F12%2F3%2Fnation%2F16212464&sec=nation">Archived</a> 2008-05-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Star</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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