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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Kleurenblindheid" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Kleurenblindheid" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vormen_van_kleurenblindheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vormen_van_kleurenblindheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vormen van kleurenblindheid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vormen_van_kleurenblindheid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vormen van kleurenblindheid-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vormen_van_kleurenblindheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rood-groenkleurenblindheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rood-groenkleurenblindheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rood-groenkleurenblindheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rood-groenkleurenblindheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andere_aandoeningen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_aandoeningen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Andere aandoeningen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_aandoeningen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kleurenzien_en_mogelijke_afwijkingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kleurenzien_en_mogelijke_afwijkingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kleurenzien en mogelijke afwijkingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kleurenzien_en_mogelijke_afwijkingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erfelijkheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erfelijkheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erfelijkheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erfelijkheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_van_het_onderzoek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_van_het_onderzoek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geschiedenis van het onderzoek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_van_het_onderzoek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maatschappelijke_bezwaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maatschappelijke_bezwaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Maatschappelijke bezwaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maatschappelijke_bezwaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolutie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Evolutie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kleurenblindheid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 82 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمى الألوان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمى الألوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمى اللوان – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عمى اللوان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonismu" title="Daltonismu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Daltonismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonizm" title="Daltonizm – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daltonizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="رنگ کؤرلوغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رنگ کؤرلوغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтанізм – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дальтанізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цветна слепота – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цветна слепота" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="বর্ণান্ধতা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্ণান্ধতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sljepilo_za_boje" title="Sljepilo za boje – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sljepilo za boje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonisme" title="Daltonisme – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Daltonisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ik-m%C3%A0ng" title="Sáik-màng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sáik-màng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕەنگکوێری – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەنگکوێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvoslepost" title="Barvoslepost – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barvoslepost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтонизм – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дальтонизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallineb_lliw" title="Dallineb lliw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dallineb lliw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farveblindhed" title="Farveblindhed – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Farveblindhed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farbenblindheit" title="Farbenblindheit – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farbenblindheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αχρωματοψία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχρωματοψία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Color blindness" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolorblindeco" title="Kolorblindeco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolorblindeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonismo" title="Daltonismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daltonismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rvipimedus" title="Värvipimedus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Värvipimedus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonismo" title="Daltonismo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Daltonismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کوررنگی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوررنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4risokeus" title="Värisokeus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Värisokeus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonisme" title="Daltonisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daltonisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dathdhaille" title="Dathdhaille – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dathdhaille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dath-dhalladh" title="Dath-dhalladh – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dath-dhalladh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonismo" title="Daltonismo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Daltonismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיוורון צבעים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיוורון צבעים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णान्धता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्णान्धता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonizam" title="Daltonizam – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Daltonizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokrom%C3%A1cia" title="Monokromácia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monokromácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Դալթոնիզմ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դալթոնիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buta_warna" title="Buta warna – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buta warna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolor-blindeso" title="Kolor-blindeso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kolor-blindeso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discromatopsia" title="Discromatopsia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Discromatopsia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%A6%9A%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8" title="色覚異常 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="色覚異常" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დალტონიზმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დალტონიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтонизм – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дальтонизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%89%EA%B0%81_%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81" title="색각 이상 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="색각 이상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%DB%81%D9%95_%D8%A7%DB%86%D9%86" title="رنٛگہٕ اۆن – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رنٛگہٕ اۆن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengkor%C3%AE" title="Rengkorî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rengkorî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Түс тааныбоо (дальтонизм) – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түс тааныбоо (дальтонизм)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonizmas" title="Daltonizmas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daltonizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%81su_aklums" title="Krāsu aklums – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krāsu aklums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Далтонизам – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Далтонизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A4" title="വർണ്ണാന്ധത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർണ്ണാന്ധത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buta_warna" title="Buta warna – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buta warna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="रंग अन्धता – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रंग अन्धता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargeblindhet" title="Fargeblindhet – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fargeblindhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonisme" title="Daltonisme – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Daltonisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="ବର୍ଣ୍ଣାନ୍ଧତା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବର୍ଣ୍ଣାନ୍ଧତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A3" title="ਰੰਗਾ ਦਾ ਅੰਨਾਪਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੰਗਾ ਦਾ ਅੰਨਾਪਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alepota_barw" title="Ślepota barw – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ślepota barw" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AB_%DA%93%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AB%DB%90_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84)" title="د رنګ ړوندوالی (د رنګونو سترګې نیول يا د رنګونو تر منځ توپير نه کول) – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د رنګ ړوندوالی (د رنګونو سترګې نیول يا د رنګونو تر منځ توپير نه کول)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonismo" title="Daltonismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daltonismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonism" title="Daltonism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Daltonism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтонизм – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дальтонизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_blindness" title="Colour blindness – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Colour blindness" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daltonizam" title="Daltonizam – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Daltonizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Color blindness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvna_slepota" title="Barvna slepota – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barvna slepota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb%C3%ABria_e_ngjyrave" title="Verbëria e ngjyrave – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Verbëria e ngjyrave" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Далтонизам – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Далтонизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolong_warna" title="Lolong warna – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lolong warna" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defekt_f%C3%A4rgseende" title="Defekt färgseende – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Defekt färgseende" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upofu_wa_rangi" title="Upofu wa rangi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Upofu wa rangi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="நிறக்குருடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிறக்குருடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="వర్ణాంధత్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వర్ణాంధత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="ตาบอดสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตาบอดสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renk_k%C3%B6rl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Renk körlüğü – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Renk körlüğü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтонизм – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дальтонизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дальтонізм – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дальтонізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%86" title="رنگ اندھا پن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رنگ اندھا پن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rang_ajrata_olmaslik" title="Rang ajrata olmaslik – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rang ajrata olmaslik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%91i_lo%E1%BA%A1n_s%E1%BA%AFc_gi%C3%A1c" title="Rối loạn sắc giác – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rối loạn sắc giác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2" title="色盲 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="色盲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2" title="色盲 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色盲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2" title="色盲 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="色盲" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek-kak_%C4%AB-si%C3%B4ng" title="Sek-kak ī-siông – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sek-kak ī-siông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / 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encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Doorverwezen vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daltonisme&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Daltonisme">Daltonisme</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Kleurenblindheid </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ishihara_9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Een ishiharatest. Niet-kleurenblinden ontwaren op deze plaat duidelijk het getal 74." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ishihara_9.svg/266px-Ishihara_9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ishihara_9.svg/399px-Ishihara_9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ishihara_9.svg/532px-Ishihara_9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Een <a href="/wiki/Ishiharatest" title="Ishiharatest">ishiharatest</a>. Niet-kleurenblinden ontwaren op deze plaat duidelijk het getal 74.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Coderingen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ICD-11" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-11">ICD-11</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="mw-collapsible-toggle-header" style="text-align:left;">9D44</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><b>Eerdere versies</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/ICD10_Hoofdstuk_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD10 Hoofdstuk VII">H</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H53.5">53.5</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" title="ICD-9">ICD-9</a>:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=368.5">368.5</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb2999.htm">2999</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ontologie_(filosofie)" title="Ontologie (filosofie)">DOID</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disease-ontology.org/?id=DOID:13399">13399</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001002.htm">001002</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003117">D003117</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kleurenblindheid</b> of <b>daltonisme</b> is het niet volledig normaal waarnemen van <a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">kleuren</a>. Minder goed kleuren kunnen onderscheiden (kleurenzwakte) komt meer voor dan echte kleurenblindheid, waarbij een deel van de kleurwaarneming helemaal is uitgevallen. Meestal treedt kleurenblindheid op als een of meer van de drie typen <a href="/wiki/Kegeltje" title="Kegeltje">kegeltjes</a>, die naast de <a href="/wiki/Staafje" title="Staafje">staafjes</a> een van de twee soorten lichtgevoelige cellen in het <a href="/wiki/Netvlies" title="Netvlies">netvlies</a> zijn, niet goed of helemaal niet werken. </p><p>Kleurenblindheid is meestal een <a href="/wiki/Erfelijke_aandoening" title="Erfelijke aandoening">erfelijke aandoening</a>, en de meest voorkomende vorm van kleurenblindheid is <a href="/wiki/Geslachtsgebonden" class="mw-redirect" title="Geslachtsgebonden">geslachtsgebonden</a>. Er bestaan ook verworven vormen, meestal als gevolg van <a href="/wiki/Vergiftiging" title="Vergiftiging">vergiftigingen</a>, zoals door gebruik van bepaalde <a href="/wiki/Geneesmiddel" title="Geneesmiddel">geneesmiddelen</a>. Om kleurenblindheid op te sporen worden kleurenvisietesten uitgevoerd, zoals de <a href="/wiki/Ishiharatest" title="Ishiharatest">Ishiharatest</a>. Er bestaat geen behandeling voor kleurenblindheid, maar er zijn wel enkele hulpmiddelen die ondersteuning bieden, zoals speciaal corrigerende brilglazen. Milde vormen van kleurenblindheid hebben vaak geen significante invloed op het dagelijks leven en kleurenblinden ontwikkelen meestal vanzelf aanpassingen om de afwijking te compenseren. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vormen_van_kleurenblindheid">Vormen van kleurenblindheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vormen van kleurenblindheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vormen van kleurenblindheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rood-groenkleurenblindheid">Rood-groenkleurenblindheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rood-groenkleurenblindheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rood-groenkleurenblindheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de meest voorkomende vorm, rood-groenkleurenblindheid, is het niet of niet goed mogelijk om te onderscheiden tussen rood- en groentinten. Bij ongeveer een op de twaalf mannen komt dit voor. Het gaat meestal om deuteranomalie (kleurenzwakte voor groen). Een onvermogen om rood te zien (1% van de mannen) of verminderd vermogen om rood te zien (nog eens 1% van de mannen) komt minder voor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andere_aandoeningen">Andere aandoeningen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere aandoeningen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere aandoeningen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsie" title="Achromatopsie">Achromatopsie</a> is een zeldzame aandoening waarbij geen van de drie soorten kegeltjes functioneert. Mensen met deze gesteldheid zien de wereld in grijstinten, precies zoals de term <i>kleurenblindheid</i> suggereert. Deze aandoening gaat echter ook nog gepaard met verminderde beeldscherpte en moeilijkheden met het richten van de blik. </p><p>Behalve met de kegeltjes kan er ook iets mis zijn met de <a href="/wiki/Nervus_opticus" title="Nervus opticus">oogzenuw</a> of kunnen de lichtdoorlatende onderdelen van het oog (vooral de <a href="/wiki/Ooglens" title="Ooglens">ooglens</a>) een kleurzweem veroorzaken, vooral bij sommige soorten <a href="/wiki/Staar" title="Staar">staar</a>. Al met al is kleurenblindheid dus eigenlijk een <a href="/wiki/Verzamelnaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Verzamelnaam">verzamelnaam</a> voor een heel scala aan verschillende afwijkingen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kleurenzien_en_mogelijke_afwijkingen">Kleurenzien en mogelijke afwijkingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kleurenzien en mogelijke afwijkingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kleurenzien en mogelijke afwijkingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png/260px-Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png/390px-Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png/520px-Spectrale_gevoeligheid_kegeltjes.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Spectrale gevoeligheid van de drie soorten kegeltjes</figcaption></figure> <p>De drie soorten kegeltjes hebben normaal gesproken hun grootste gevoeligheid in respectievelijk het gele, het groene en het blauwe <a href="/wiki/Golflengte" title="Golflengte">golflengtegebied</a>. Om verwarring met kleurindrukken te vermijden worden deze aangeduid met de letters L (long), M (medium) en S (short). De eerste twee soorten kegeltjes liggen ten opzichte van de blauw-gevoelige kegeltjes met hun gevoeligheidsmaximum niet ver uit elkaar. </p><p>Het kleurenzien is in de praktijk het vaakst gestoord door minder goed werkende L- of M-kegeltjes (<i>protanomalie</i> en <i>deuteranomalie</i>, vooral de laatste). Beide vormen leiden tot moeilijkheden bij het waarnemen van verschillen tussen <a href="/wiki/Rood_(kleur)" title="Rood (kleur)">rood</a> en <a href="/wiki/Groen_(kleur)" title="Groen (kleur)">groen</a> en worden samengevat onder de term rood-groenkleurenblindheid. Bij <i>protanopie</i> en <i>deuteranopie</i> is de functie van de L- respectievelijk de M-kegeltjes zelfs helemaal afwezig. De S-kegeltjes zijn veel minder vaak aangedaan (<i>tritanomalie</i> of <i>tritanopie</i>). Er zijn binnen de verschillende afwijkingen weer verschillende oorzaken mogelijk, zoals ontbreken van bepaalde soorten kegeltjes, minder voorkomen, of gevuld zijn met een niet goed werkend pigment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tests">Tests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tests" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tests"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ishihara_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ishihara_2.svg/100px-Ishihara_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ishihara_2.svg/150px-Ishihara_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ishihara_2.svg/200px-Ishihara_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ishihara-test" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishihara-test">Ishihara-test</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>De <a href="/wiki/Ishiharatest" title="Ishiharatest">ishiharatest</a></dt> <dd>Hiermee wordt de kleurenblindheid nagegaan aan de hand van een schijf met gekleurde bolletjes. De patiënt moet zeggen welke cijfers er in het bolletjespatroon verborgen zitten. Hiermee worden alleen rood/groen-stoornissen (protan/deutan) getest.</dd> <dt>De Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates (SPP)</dt> <dd>Hiermee wordt kleurenblindheid nagegaan aan de hand van een vierkant vlak met gekleurde bolletjes. De patiënt moet zeggen welke cijfers er in het bolletjespatroon verborgen zitten. Hiermee worden alleen rood/groen-stoornissen (protan/deutan) getest. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:SPP1643.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SPP1643.jpg/100px-SPP1643.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SPP1643.jpg/150px-SPP1643.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/SPP1643.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>SPP Test: zoek het getal dat tussen de gekleurde stippen zit.</figcaption></figure></dd> <dt>De The City University (TCU)</dt> <dd>Hiermee wordt kleurenblindheid nagegaan aan de hand van vijf cirkels. Men moet zeggen welke van de 4 buitenste cirkels het meest overeenkomt met de middelste cirkel. Hiermee worden alle kleurstoornissen getest: rood (protan), groen (deutan) en blauw (tritan).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erfelijkheid">Erfelijkheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Erfelijkheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Erfelijkheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rood-groenkleurenblindheid komt het meest bij mannen voor. In totaal heeft ongeveer 1 op de 12 mannen deze erfelijke vorm van kleurenblind (8%), tegenover 1 op de 250 vrouwen (0,4%).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mannen zijn vaker kleurenblind doordat de betrokken <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">genen</a> op het X-<a href="/wiki/Chromosoom" title="Chromosoom">chromosoom</a> liggen. In tegenstelling tot mannen, hebben vrouwen twee X-chromosomen, zodat de <a href="/wiki/Recessief_(genetica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessief (genetica)">recessieve</a> afwijking kleurenblindheid bij vrouwen alléén voorkomt als beide X-chromosomen het afwijkende gen bezitten. </p><p>De goede werking van de 'blauwe' kegeltjes wordt echter bepaald door een gen op <a href="/wiki/Chromosoom_7" title="Chromosoom 7">chromosoom 7</a>, waarvan mannen en vrouwen er evenveel hebben, zodat de erfelijke vormen van geel-blauw-kleurenblindheid (tritanopia en tritanomalie) bij mannen en vrouwen evenveel voorkomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis_van_het_onderzoek">Geschiedenis van het onderzoek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis van het onderzoek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis van het onderzoek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Engelse scheikundige <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> publiceerde in <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794</a> het eerste wetenschappelijke artikel over kleurenblindheid, <i>Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours</i> (<i>Buitengewone feiten over het zien van kleuren</i>) nadat hij zich gerealiseerd had dat hij zelf kleurenblind was. Naar hem wordt kleurenblindheid nog weleens <i>daltonisme</i> genoemd. Zijn <a href="/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese">hypothese</a> over de oorzaak van kleurenblindheid was dat deze te wijten was aan het verkleuren van het <a href="/wiki/Glasachtig_lichaam" title="Glasachtig lichaam">glasachtig lichaam</a> van het oog. Daarom liet hij bepalen dat men na zijn dood zijn oog zou ontleden. De hypothese bleek incorrect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maatschappelijke_bezwaren">Maatschappelijke bezwaren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Maatschappelijke bezwaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Maatschappelijke bezwaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De zeldzame volledige kleurenblindheid gaat gepaard met een slechte gezichtsscherpte. De vaker voorkomende gedeeltelijke kleurenblindheid heeft weinig maatschappelijke gevolgen, maar er zijn beroepen waarvoor een goede kleurenzin nodig is, zoals <a href="/wiki/Beroepsmilitair" title="Beroepsmilitair">beroepsmilitair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piloot" title="Piloot">piloot</a> en <a href="/wiki/Politieagent" title="Politieagent">politieagent</a>. Ook in de chemische en farmaceutische sector zijn bepaalde controles zoals manuele-visuele inspecties onmogelijk uit te voeren. </p><p>Dit betekent echter niet dat een kleurenblinde per definitie uitgesloten is. Vaak wordt de gradatie bepaald waarin het voorkomt afgezet tegen de vereisten voor de functie. Zo kan een kleurenblind persoon die de <a href="/wiki/Ishiharatest" title="Ishiharatest">ishiharatest</a> niet haalt, een <a href="/wiki/Private_pilot_licence" title="Private pilot licence">PPL</a> halen met restrictie voor alleen overdag vliegen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolutie">Evolutie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Evolutie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Evolutie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gezien de hoge frequentie in onze populatie dient aangenomen dat deze erfelijke afwijking kennelijk <a href="/wiki/Evolutie_(biologie)" title="Evolutie (biologie)">evolutionair</a> gezien niet leidt tot een geringere voortplantingskans. We mogen zelfs aannemen dat ze onder zekere omstandigheden zelfs leidt tot een hogere overlevingskans, anders was de afwijking allang nagenoeg uit de <a href="/wiki/Populatie_(biologie)" title="Populatie (biologie)">populatie</a> verdwenen. Wellicht hebben kleurenzwakke en kleurenblinde personen een compenserend voordeel, bijvoorbeeld het meer letten op patronen dan kleuren, wat dikwijls nuttig kan zijn; maar dit blijven speculaties. In de Tweede Wereldoorlog vlogen kleurenblinden mee in verkenningsvliegtuigen om door de (voor hen juist niet) misleidend gekleurde camouflagenetten heen te kijken en op de vorm van verborgen tanks en kanonnen te letten. Veel <a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">zoogdieren</a> (bijvoorbeeld honden) hebben ook een duidelijk minder gedifferentieerde kleurwaarneming dan mensen, doordat ze van nature maar twee in plaats van drie soorten kegeltjes hebben. Veel <a href="/wiki/Vogels" title="Vogels">vogels</a> hebben er daarentegen zelfs vier. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Insecten" title="Insecten">Insecten</a> hebben heel andere ogen. Van <a href="/wiki/Honingbij" title="Honingbij">honingbijen</a> is bekend dat ze rood niet, maar <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> weer wel waarnemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kleuren_zien" title="Kleuren zien">Kleuren zien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsie" title="Achromatopsie">Achromatopsie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kleurenblindheid.nl/">Nederlandstalige website die alles uitgebreid bespreekt met test</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opticien-lentilles.com/daltonien_beta/nieuwe_test_Nederlandse_daltonien.php">Kleurenproef</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315103534/http://www.conversie-optimalisatie.com/Blog/Webusability/websites-testen-voor-kleurenblindheid.html">Artikel over het testen van websites voor kleurenblindheid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527135612/http://www.city.ac.uk/avrc/colourtest.html">Pagina met link naar een filmpje om kleurenblindheid te testen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928113603/http://www.informatieoverogen.nl/ziektebeelden/kleurenblindheid">Website met informatie over kleurenblindheid</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.gezondheid.be/index.cfm?fuseaction=art&art_id=3174">https://www.gezondheid.be/index.cfm?fuseaction=art&art_id=3174</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Color_blindness#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Color blindness">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Color_blindness#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Color blindness">Color blindness</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&oldid=68930100">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kleurenblindheid&oldid=68930100</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Kleurenperceptie" title="Categorie:Kleurenperceptie">Kleurenperceptie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oogaandoening" title="Categorie:Oogaandoening">Oogaandoening</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 21 feb 2025 om 21:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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