CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179a3bacd7aff7f',cH: 'OTrzbkxoYpBSmd9ysRjwc58B1dXuMN.ogojxp1j4bt4-1740506894-1.2.1.1-KUpZxr2fSI3m420MFBMf3v5aD_.ZwQ_AV0z2NgjhYZBDccmY8bhXdqBPrJbNT.9c',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazir%20Shah%20Khattak&__cf_chl_tk=6J05u_bbrOvdcRVyz2larMYc5sQuxsU3sOvUqHkXjYU-1740506894-1.0.1.1-cr7C_AwGJiRRLPdq95F1zvtRPwgifhW282T7UQVUBqk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740506894',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazir%20Shah%20Khattak&__cf_chl_f_tk=6J05u_bbrOvdcRVyz2larMYc5sQuxsU3sOvUqHkXjYU-1740506894-1.0.1.1-cr7C_AwGJiRRLPdq95F1zvtRPwgifhW282T7UQVUBqk",md: "sJIDEsVvaV2gG4WDPtHCWu_qQIHP2Oy49XhxyAwmhXQ-1740506894-1.2.1.1-BLVaVvCIQP.LVnTvz1P0hc0GN68K5Zn28SK6FNsUhSpIdvSyJBFmy6csuz6IKNGt_IKK.SOIGCTYrFzfjZWsdGLGGWQwKSI6Yq2tJ0hT0R7XkgmdulRe46OyoaMZhwkWdLS_saMLP37VT8dvwLyAaYp5ZSCTD37ELIXATiUTZJpLwA15hKxKpBi33e7FNq9bsWjVjaUHV1E.EG.L2zarRdfw3pUW.6Y_9Ulmgp0XO0maXHWZFmff45ODg5F7d6636mJFtihOPWndrx0O5p96jUc_VFPJ4VU78JaT27Q.bR1PfbJmf6jkAAUPzQhW0U4r9IsUghmEvcHNCTiq_xha2As9Sn7pibi6dh8h16bp9pKhGbdEZfeh_l_ZV0Az0cMRd1J9WBnNwK_MeRfetU9UwTFmwp1NrjI7bCIQue0SWgxiIgSPg1ygNp9U8WhQPbaItz.mZh9mI4xfTSGEjpEsOE2zc1FXk7Mnli5XzDATEoHHGFq4gSpfVtsUVn8iLQ.2UciJ1lo2LseDxUDIqu.uNpoP96Ow7qEY6Z9bMW9eAto8QuTa1Lc5XtebUOGixSV9btqrq9zfnNxqeni1xs_kOLYVLkNVlL.XqUFf0Wt1PVMLt2Xh8fgJNcF2p_bkQnHdYjRxLBldO0JVh7jAMf1_UsRBxQoTKgFKe_KJ7.BWXfdYiax1dPF1ZlzP7ZbbddoAsov69.J7SSsurVtwiim_ReseIc07Ti8ZjAWWgcYmULlXbbVLZ3Fe61S1SCb6hE5LPNSoK45kXEVX.BA36NC0raQWvXwTjSCppwTevemhEriRhzEdTOeEQkwhvnaB0hu_JIVoDrczoHYQ.XCxRa4g4X5gwlFUMS9FYXQbPk3qTUeENcNd.RVjmULiPn6nRu1jszsYFJdLIw_Tg4uQw4Sm0HT_TtlDNZOYoaXPLaivngVMvxjepvhkwta.LVETFcIM_uRawshHrqtFugvK9p7aH_WfJ_IR7r6onV4ulJ4BgPDvl0WwCMrDEQMg7nUasEcjCshcvkSeW6H7ZI.QLghvyCr6kutzfLKYx6RozjsJi_YCnRiURkZp80YdR4uDqkC9.nklpos3XVAeBVW1NjMhzQacZpo99sIYIOhiy_rgbu6NEhH6EvbCXwjf4NySioc1CvNnDufp.KXkbKpgBtARZ9XTDVlOzhQViupj9XsWmTAlVM0j9zqGZ1NZ4IiyPccEoIwQnaYV1w440jkN79r7lJRFniO4GTRbqeqAJ7qN4Ux0e6PDMegTdP9Lhu9cVXSqBJrfupdqZA3hPSxktjt7qHWX0Hq.o4u.5Ym_ASR5O_a3fMl3JUM1khojUV0mtRzu_AUUSrtQ.Pt7cEjizuZSALKJ9YPd0HfqT_PF8KEzVzBB2ZS0XlNYh_9S3FKeFDgz9ESVGvgj9td26MoqY8t2eYFzY3bvVxJBt7Uyca1fhuABf.SrxL.W3h_6rGNWL3jd4GLTIoRAYyFD003dqvvKAZKhu2icCi5_yeL6AJAQCea4jUyAGDJIZ6YGWe6TDMF9wViD77SbEwyymN_zoO_uMgBLr9sHf4m9hjlXpcM04yDyuF0s0L_u0q0igYuvTMgqxeZpBR.7xkJNXiJtbzalelIZg587znyxeNr.ZF0h8GQrwy1kX2508nvqJM9f412kaHkFyYWM1GL4K2sM1GeOh8PJCHnRjhuTb5AmKzgVPHnZK2qqnwbEbGnSrDwqmv0_eT7oAdDKI281lXcCdYxiy_MNrcWOhaTQPKZAf7yyz1KRj.WI0EUfrl7oxnJan6B2tuU8TN6Dq9HhDDXDj9OXJpbDfzpmEhYlei1wOhKvgv7gEoIywgitrULacptirnv4psZP.9rrSp6pcsxtjC_XUiOlVfYFKKn7eczLaPyxpSTWaebaVn71X.P3v4yzD.IHn3q_NRZbp6zbqTzvTbSIyThT38da3zxuxrlvViNQtFsdoTiIZRSlTPJGQa0_WehZ",mdrd: "3kkUHT8fPKw22vlvPFSxUI0YmdEoKaTsPkeBhxpvvLo-1740506894-1.2.1.1-VgGT3HbuEFEWFLlBp9YADXeCn4UWoL410K6Gx8kYULpTrlpl9_C3DOMf3NwVTjuYmV3LssYvUeImm3__AvmZ2JzfdM.aF7_8VXjl5nCG6h3mzqCteW7SduxMU5LYX.wdUVKAVr11g.FcOHV5YD5DjyG8RIwFxp8cSCVJxKD5R8VZMlBD3AYKKD6LdHtWLQNatPT6AQe2tdcRIdXPOt2k7qf8g24J_kcpXXefhppkljcbanv50A0_iNoY0JdUArnlUMDQBUw2_VXRC6JEmvNG6I7abtb4lPpljZFceMJmvfzlNzhytomxim9zQbyuPr1h4tJdH9fCeSvYbOiS5cAv.RKMd95A2WSRZTSVXX3ZWCwuNlIe86IGXsxkOjZifFHOE8mQS.IC.JhL4Dql.rS5GydSicMtyc7Jz2iErqhVms1D4elT4D8abw4SKsU7qchIo0OBpLKfQ4d5ZmpObj5j5hPhECvdSgKEyGgUaJ66C3xv8z1VZmkxZK0uJEoO19AjwaM1MrMwUYcnwJcZ.NXDcR3A_J1obJ3HFxZCbIgSQY9IhRb7_8SWKVapmhxOxIP0MXkRbOUGssthrqYZrSIyV0j2ajZfPy48gA.kgceq6H9DyZoupw9zhq1yf9zgwEHSn0gRA18MVMEUkIhorRsAVVtop5S.SdkBUV0AGjZ0K4kuOyuo_.doirU_SI93GDs4gHGhm61Y3jD3WJ.eE.6e2QKWRLgz0xLU28nKdwQGKh08F8L6xd7JjQbaTk2prhoRox0jgJBNCC_H7PDDx9R6iTlz4GGf39KsnvHsa9W6DB4.WvBS2VtJ5kDDhOe4pEXMQWs94Gj.JKEb.a0hFjdknuS02Ds.FOvcQA5_3O7pWJiSTfrXubWeMTyF6bzKBvf5diGMJu48KmY97h.yrT1YFDBJSKT_IKpiOS82svvykMtWXcuYyEVoRbf36fhfYOLmd7LfJUa_T_61iI8z70.iyFtOy1nx1tkucPQj_6ykMWR7KSpMFvtlz5znOhHgvz2rnRubVD54OorA0DXNGrrmdOPZmoLAtty9BIXbxcBd0wv3iCamAB_tFgqXd.sb19Aazz88_KBoYhsREdk_7Nf5fofEYQe2bwLDr9DTEIoU5CBNoR0PbplupV1EJe0QLk.yw7a8_9WZOKVevsJwZrs9ccmXDSkr_mIszPSMfYw0NouL79inFJ_rYMxrUY7hWLrbx7y4Oqw4nbvsAgegBf6QgaW9zeMD8CjOvFkkUimyE3Dt.2SaLOkfrlwNOnGJ6wA3zyNo0Ly20ZusQPzqmpQ7MFWTldCXs5y_3KZ8HjEc0l.gRM2JucZXj3Ybep2TX2hcMopCZEjr2EOWN5n8vVvalAhnI0bBtfKcBtiau0oH9nzR7.80UffdqG4L_KmfxoP4BFJwCV7EN6dW6bkgWszRKtYryg0EOlNysNUSLnR0g4uulzvxNfuyTbj8OnxdDeIR5erTD56xmz1LN0GR2qzeO2sSWYzwUMd.e37UiM8nAWwADQC5Lqq99_5ZfAwAe.a34kwZfVF2RrRpLjx7Zc_G3VyVqrroVRFnxiL0ROGIl_7O2vsOQz7PoQyhE2ZGbkQl5hyKPn0o_ldH.iiOVLs2LfvjAIaaRYQD2GI_1OiB5buD0sDIGC3SxzMFomSd0_EZ_JnTjIhX_NNCtdhTbic9PZbavUUAvdz.MeiVNU_B7ZetmgrkRFF8wDHnXJSxaFAdsuyESiBG.xM6sOw9ptyjwxYn6yKG.OLHG80o_8.vGZTERQHZ9DQ96TQC4N3jXoxUabZ.ITwaTBQepL4z1R_1cUJgw7lggq1f9WU9uPrfJjhp0k431oaWA_trl3tKBJWvre1i_AOacEJI9ZmjaliMGuEoV_YC6PU2PTGkW8vgr8SV8JhxgjLhFhpXlRHjbzidIPVjjSU7VVyeDFewu9HMAugw1iY5JBHSBtKlYboogLsu2oYDLk9D2EeS8Swa.4fc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179a3bacd7aff7f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Nazir%20Shah%20Khattak&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6J05u_bbrOvdcRVyz2larMYc5sQuxsU3sOvUqHkXjYU-1740506894-1.0.1.1-cr7C_AwGJiRRLPdq95F1zvtRPwgifhW282T7UQVUBqk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>