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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Green belt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Landmarks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Town_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Town centre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Castle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Priory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place_Mill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place_Mill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Place Mill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place_Mill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sport and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable residents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Twin towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Christchurch, Dorset</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="کرایست‌چرچ، دورست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کرایست‌چرچ، دورست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87_(%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%87,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Крайстчърч, Дорсет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крайстчърч, Дорсет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(lungsod_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian,_Inglatera,_Dorset)" title="Christchurch (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Dorset) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Christchurch (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Christchurch, Dorset" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="کرایست‌چرچ، دورست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرایست‌چرچ، دورست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%B2%98%EC%B9%98_(%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%AF%EC%A3%BC)" title="크라이스트처치 (도싯주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크라이스트처치 (도싯주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Christchurch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorcestria)" title="Christchurch (Dorcestria) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christchurch (Dorcestria)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraist%C4%8D%C4%93r%C4%8Da_(Dorseta)" title="Kraistčērča (Dorseta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kraistčērča (Dorseta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraist%C4%8Der%C4%8Das_(Anglija)" title="Kraistčerčas (Anglija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraistčerčas (Anglija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81_(%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)" title="クライストチャーチ (ドーセット) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クライストチャーチ (ドーセット)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_i_Dorset" title="Christchurch i Dorset – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Christchurch i Dorset" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Christchurch, Dorset" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87_(%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christchurch, Dorset" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%BD_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%8C_%DA%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BD" title="ڪرائسٽ چرچ، ڊورسٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرائسٽ چرچ، ڊورسٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christchurch, Dorset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%87%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%87_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Крайстчөрч (Англия) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Крайстчөрч (Англия)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Christchurch, Dorset – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Christchurch, Dorset" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87_(%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крайстчерч (Дорсет)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%B9_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%8C_%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="کرائسٹ چرچ، ڈورسٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرائسٹ چرچ، ڈورسٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)" title="Christchurch (Dorset) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Christchurch (Dorset)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%B3%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B9%E5%A5%87_(%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%9E%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A1)" title="克賴斯特徹奇 (多塞特郡) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克賴斯特徹奇 (多塞特郡)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q925424#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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50.73°N 1.78°W / 50.73; -1.78</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town and civil parish in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Christchurch</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Priory,_Dorset.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Christchurch Priory, the longest parish church in England"><img alt="West end and tower of the priory against a bright blue sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff/lossy-page1-250px-Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff/lossy-page1-375px-Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff/lossy-page1-500px-Christchurch_Priory%2C_Dorset.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="1267" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">Christchurch Priory</a>, the longest parish church in England</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image: 150 pixels"><img alt="Image: 150 pixels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg/150px-Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg/225px-Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg/300px-Arms_of_Christchurch_Town_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="2204" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">'For Fidelity and Freedom'</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of former Christchurch borough (dark red) within Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (red)"><img alt="Location of former Christchurch borough (dark red) within Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (red)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Christchurch_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="990" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of former Christchurch borough (dark red) within Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole (red)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Christchurch,_Dorset&params=50.73_N_1.78_W_type:city_region:GB-ENG">50°44′N 1°47′W / 50.73°N 1.78°W / 50.73; -1.78</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borough_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough council">Borough council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2015 United Kingdom general election">MP</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chope" title="Christopher Chope">Christopher Chope</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">C</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2001census-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19.5 sq mi (50.4 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">31,372 (2,021 Census)<a href="#cite_note-bua2011-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,350/sq mi (909/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/BH_postcode_area" title="BH postcode area">BH23</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>christchurch</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01202 01425</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GB-DOR (<a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19UC (ONS) E07000048 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Christchurch,_Dorset&params=50.730112_N_1.780332_W_region:GB_scale:25000">SZ156923</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christchurch-tc.gov.uk/">Town Council</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Christchurch (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkraɪs(t)tʃɜːrtʃ/</a>) is a town and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> on the south coast<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, England. The parish had a population of 31,372 in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-bua2011-1">[1]</a> It adjoins <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a> to the west, with the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> to the east. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, Christchurch was a <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a> within the administrative county of Dorset from 1974 until 2019, when it became part of the new <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a> unitary authority. Founded in the 7th century at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a> which flow into <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a>, the town was originally named Twynham but became known as Christchurch following the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">priory</a> in 1094. The town developed into an important trading port, and was <a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">fortified</a> in the 9th century. Further defences were added in the 12th century with the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Castle" title="Christchurch Castle">castle</a>, which was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarian Army</a>. During the 18th and 19th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> flourished and became one of the town's most lucrative industries. The town was heavily fortified during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> as a precaution against an expected <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion" title="Operation Sea Lion">invasion</a>, and in 1940 an <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd." title="Airspeed Ltd.">Airspeed</a> factory was established on the town's <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Airfield" title="Christchurch Airfield">airfield</a> to make aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. The town's harbour, beaches, nature reserves and historically important buildings have made Christchurch a popular tourist destination. <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a>, an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> which handled around 800,000 passengers in 2019, is within the former borough boundary at <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a>. The airport's <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial park</a> contains a number of <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and engineering businesses and is one of the largest employment sites in Dorset. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christchurch,_Dorset" title="History of Christchurch, Dorset">History of Christchurch, Dorset</a></div> Christchurch was founded in approximately AD 650 by <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> sent to <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> by <a href="/wiki/Birinus" title="Birinus">St Birinus</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Dorchester</a> (Oxfordshire). They settled on a stretch of raised land between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Avon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire Avon">Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a> which carried people and their wares to and from market settlements such as <a href="/wiki/Blandford_Forum" title="Blandford Forum">Blandford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarum" title="Old Sarum">Old Sarum</a> (near modern <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Salisbury, Wiltshire">Salisbury</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_1-4">[4]</a> The harbour became one of the most important in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Saxon</a> England as it was easily reached from the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continent</a> and boats could travel up the river Avon to Salisbury.<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_1-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The town appears in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a> entry of 901 as Tweoxneam (Twynham) from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> betweoxn (between) and ēam (rivers).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In around 890 AD, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a> considered Twynham to be of such strategic importance that, with the threat of invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a>, he made it a <a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">burh</a> and defensive walls were erected around the town.<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_3-7">[7]</a> In 1094 a chief minister of <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_England" title="William II of England">King William II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_Flambard" title="Ranulf Flambard">Ranulf Flambard</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">Dean</a> of Twynham, began the building of <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">a priory</a> on the site of the original mission church.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1994_1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Soon after the construction of the priory the town became known as Christchurch.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1994_1-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristchurchCastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChristchurchCastle.jpg/220px-ChristchurchCastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChristchurchCastle.jpg/330px-ChristchurchCastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChristchurchCastle.jpg/440px-ChristchurchCastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Castle" title="Christchurch Castle">Christchurch Castle</a> ruins</figcaption></figure> Some time in the early 12th century, a <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Castle" title="Christchurch Castle">castle</a> was built within the town.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_pp._89–90-10">[10]</a> Originally a wooden fort built by <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Redvers" title="Richard de Redvers">Richard de Redvers</a>, first cousin to <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Henry I of England">King Henry I</a>, it was rebuilt in stone by <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_de_Redvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin de Redvers">Baldwin de Redvers</a> to resist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen of England">King Stephen</a> during the <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">civil war</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a>. The castle again saw action during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War of 1642–1651</a> when occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Roundheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundheads">Parliamentarians</a>. Christchurch changed hands a number of times: originally under <a href="/wiki/Cavaliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavaliers">Royalist</a> control, it was captured by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Waller" title="William Waller">William Waller</a>'s Parliamentary army in 1644. <a href="/wiki/George_Goring,_1st_Earl_of_Norwich" title="George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich">Lord Goring</a> briefly retook the town in 1645 but was obliged to withdraw and returned with a larger force days later and laid siege to the castle. However, the Parliamentarians withstood the siege and maintained their hold on the town. Fearing such a powerful stronghold might once again fall into Royalist hands, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a> ordered the castle to be destroyed in 1652.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_pp._89–90-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stannard_p135/136-11">[11]</a> Although the fishing industry thrived in Christchurch, the importance of the harbour declined as it became inaccessible to vessels of a large draught. The harbour entrance was particularly troublesome with constantly shifting sandbars. In 1665 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_Earl_of_Clarendon" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon</a>, bought the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Manor">Lordship of the Manor</a> of Christchurch. As part of his plans to improve trade in the town, he attempted to resolve the problems with the harbour entrance by cutting a new one through the <a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">sandspit</a> at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Hengistbury_Head" title="Hengistbury Head">Hengistbury Head</a>. However, upon completion the new entrance repeatedly silted up and in 1703 <a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1703">a large storm</a> damaged a <a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">groyne</a> which blocked the entrance entirely. Over the following 150 years alternative schemes were proposed but none were ever taken up.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG/220px-Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG/330px-Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG/440px-Hart%27s_Factory_Side_Elevation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Hart's Fusee Factory, built in 1845. The manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Fusee_(horology)" title="Fusee (horology)">fusee</a> chains was an important industry in 19th-century Christchurch.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">Smuggling</a> was one of Christchurch's most lucrative industries during the 18th and 19th centuries due to easy access to neighbouring towns and the difficult harbour entrance which acted as a barrier to <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)#Customs_services" title="Cutter (boat)">customs cutters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_5-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Many townspeople were involved in this illegal trade and large quantities of wealth were accumulated.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 1784 a confrontation between a gang of local smugglers and <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Customs_and_Excise" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Customs and Excise">Customs and Excise</a> officers led to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudeford" title="Battle of Mudeford">Battle of Mudeford</a> in which a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> officer was killed and a smuggler subsequently executed.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_1995-16">[16]</a> Another important industry during this period was the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Fusee_(horology)" title="Fusee (horology)">fusee chains</a> for watches and clocks. In 1790, Robert Cox began to manufacture fusee chains in workshops in the High Street.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> By 1793 Cox gained a monopoly on chain production in Britain, supplying watch, clock and <a href="/wiki/Chronometer_watch" title="Chronometer watch">chronometer</a> makers throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_82–83-18">[18]</a> In 1845 William Hart opened a similar factory in Bargates. However, by 1875 the chains were no longer required due to changes in watch designs and the factories were closed.<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_197-19">[19]</a> The railway came to Christchurch in 1847 although the nearest station, Christchurch Road, was at <a href="/wiki/Holmsley_railway_station" title="Holmsley railway station">Holmsley</a> and passengers were taken the rest of the way by omnibus.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1994_3-20">[20]</a> In 1862 <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(RC%26BR)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch (RC&BR) railway station">a new station</a> was built in the town close to where it stands today and was served by a branch line from <a href="/wiki/Ringwood,_Hampshire" title="Ringwood, Hampshire">Ringwood</a>. Christchurch joined the mainline in 1883, and a <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_railway_station,_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch railway station, Dorset">third station</a> had to be built.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Christchurch, and in particular <a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">Mudeford</a>, had been enjoying a modest tourist trade since <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">King George III</a> had patronised the town in the 1790s but the arrival of the railways made Christchurch accessible to more potential visitors.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_p._116-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power station</a> was built in Christchurch in 1903 to power the public <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>. The excess generated was sufficient to light the town, and it was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_grid_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="National grid (UK)">national grid</a> in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_82-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:405fw-p47-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/405fw-p47-2.jpg/220px-405fw-p47-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/405fw-p47-2.jpg/330px-405fw-p47-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/405fw-p47-2.jpg/440px-405fw-p47-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47 Thunderbolt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/405th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="405th Fighter Wing">405th Fighter Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Christchurch" title="RAF Christchurch">RAF Christchurch</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> The Fisher Aviation Company began to provide flights from fields at the eastern end of <a href="/wiki/Somerford,_Dorset" title="Somerford, Dorset">Somerford</a> Road in 1930, and by 1933 the company had flown over 19,000 passengers.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1934, they obtained permission to establish an <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">aerodrome</a> on the site which became known as <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Airfield" title="Christchurch Airfield">Christchurch Airfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> During the Second World War an <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed Ltd">Airspeed factory</a> was built on the airfield, and began manufacturing aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a>; the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth Air Force</a> established a base there in 1944. A <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">second aerodrome</a> opened at <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a> in 1944 which became <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a>. In 1940, with the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">German 6th Army</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a>, Christchurch was fortified against an expected invasion:<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> the construction of <a href="/wiki/Bunker#Pillbox" title="Bunker">pillboxes</a>, gun emplacements and <a href="/wiki/Tank_trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank trap">tank traps</a> in and around the town, made Christchurch an "anti-tank island".<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_88–94-28">[28]</a> Between 1941 and 1942 <a href="/wiki/Donald_Bailey_(civil_engineer)" title="Donald Bailey (civil engineer)">Donald Bailey</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Bailey_bridge" title="Bailey bridge">Bailey bridge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Military_Engineering_Experimental_Establishment" title="Military Engineering Experimental Establishment">Military Engineering Experimental Establishment</a> at Christchurch Barracks.<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_241-29">[29]</a> Much development with a large increase in housing occurred from the mid-18th century. In 1873, 300 acres (120 ha) of common land north of the town known as Portfield was enclosed and built upon and the town's population rapidly expanded.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> During the 20th century further development has seen the population grown from a little over 11,000 to more than 45,000.<a href="#cite_note-Visionof2009-33">[33]</a> In the 1950s a large housing estate was built to the east of the town centre and in 1958 a bypass was constructed which redirected traffic using the town's high street as the main thoroughfare to and from London and Southampton.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 1974 the town was transferred from the county of <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> to Dorset following <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">local government reorganisation</a> and was granted <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_5-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch,_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg/220px-Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg/330px-Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg/440px-Christchurch%2C_the_old_town_hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_503951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall,_Christchurch" title="The Town Hall, Christchurch">Old Town Hall</a>, built 1859</figcaption></figure> There are two tiers of local government covering Christchurch, at <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> (town) and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a> level: Christchurch Town Council, and <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council</a>. The town council is based at the <a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall,_Christchurch" title="The Town Hall, Christchurch">Old Town Hall</a> at 30 High Street, which was built in 1859.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative history">edit</a>]</div> Christchurch was historically in Hampshire and was both an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_borough" title="Ancient borough">ancient borough</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient parish">ancient parish</a>. The parish extended beyond the borough, also including a large surrounding rural area. The borough was given a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">royal charter</a> in 1315, confirming earlier borough rights which had been granted by the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Devon" title="Earl of Devon">De Redvers family</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lords of the manor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The borough is known to have had a <a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_England" title="Mayors in England">mayor</a> from at least 1297.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> It was reformed to become a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> in 1886.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The parish of Christchurch was gradually subdivided into smaller civil parishes. The <a href="/wiki/Chapelry" title="Chapelry">chapelry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holdenhurst" title="Holdenhurst">Holdenhurst</a> was a separate civil parish from medieval times.<a href="#cite_note-Holdenhurst-41">[41]</a> As the town of <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a> began to develop from the early 19th century, it initially straddled the parishes of Christchurch and Holdenhurst, continuing to do so even after Bournemouth was made a borough in 1890. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a> directed that parishes were no longer allowed to straddle borough boundaries. The parish of Christchurch was therefore reduced to match the borough of Christchurch, and a parish of Bournemouth was created matching that borough. The parts of the old Christchurch and Holdenhurst parishes outside the two boroughs were split into six <a href="/wiki/Rural_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural parish">rural parishes</a>: Christchurch East, Holdenhurst, <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pokesdown" title="Pokesdown">Pokesdown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southbourne,_Dorset" title="Southbourne, Dorset">Southbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winton,_Dorset" title="Winton, Dorset">Winton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The southern part of Christchurch East was made a separate parish called <a href="/wiki/Highcliffe" title="Highcliffe">Highcliffe</a> in 1897. Highcliffe was subsequently absorbed into the parish and borough of Christchurch in 1932.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Civic_Offices_-_Geograph_-_2025471.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Civic Offices, Bridge Street: Christchurch Borough Council's headquarters 1980–2019</figcaption></figure> The old municipal borough of Christchurch was abolished in 1974 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> and replaced with a larger <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a> of Christchurch, which was transferred from Hampshire to Dorset. Christchurch's <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a> was transferred to the new district, allowing the council to take the name <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch Borough Council">Christchurch Borough Council</a> and giving the chair of the council the title of mayor, continuing Christchurch's series of mayors dating back to the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The new borough covered the area of the old borough plus the parish of Hurn (including an area transferred to it from <a href="/wiki/Sopley" title="Sopley">Sopley</a>) and a new parish of <a href="/wiki/Burton,_Dorset" title="Burton, Dorset">Burton</a>, created from the western part of the old Christchurch East parish. The remainder of Christchurch East became a new parish called <a href="/wiki/Bransgore" title="Bransgore">Bransgore</a> and stayed in Hampshire as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_District" title="New Forest District">New Forest District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Christchurch Borough Council was a lower-tier district council, with county-level services provided by <a href="/wiki/Dorset_County_Council" title="Dorset County Council">Dorset County Council</a>. The borough council was initially based at the Town Hall, which at that time was much larger, incorporating adjoining former school buildings to the rear. In 1980 the council moved to new Civic Offices on Bridge Street, after which most of the Town Hall was demolished to make way for the Saxon Square shopping centre, retaining only the original 1859 section.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The borough of Christchurch was abolished in 2019, merging with Bournemouth and <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a> to become a new <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">local government district</a> called <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a>, the council of which is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a>, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The merger was opposed by Christchurch Borough Council, which unsuccessfully challenged the government's decision to proceed with it in the courts.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Ahead of the borough's abolition in 2019, the parishes in the borough were reviewed. The existing parish of Burton was renamed 'Burton and Winkton', and the <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished</a> part of the borough (corresponding to the pre-1974 municipal borough of Christchurch) was made into two new parishes, one called Christchurch and the other called 'Highcliffe and Walkford'. The new parish arrangements took effect on 1 April 2019, being the same day that the old borough was replaced by Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The new Christchurch parish council takes the style 'town council', with its chair being the mayor. The Old Town Hall was transferred to the new town council, which uses it as its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The Civic Offices on Bridge Street transferred to the BCP Council. They were closed in 2021 pending a proposed sale, after the new council consolidated its offices at <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Town_Hall" title="Bournemouth Town Hall">Bournemouth Town Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation">edit</a>]</div> Christchurch is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">single parliamentary constituency</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. The seat was recreated in 1983 from parts of the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_and_Lymington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Christchurch and Lymington (UK Parliament constituency)">Christchurch and Lymington</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dorset_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)">North Dorset</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Forest (UK Parliament constituency)">New Forest</a> constituencies, and was held by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adley" title="Robert Adley">Robert Adley</a> (Conservative) from its creation until his death in 1993. At the <a href="/wiki/1993_Christchurch_by-election" title="1993 Christchurch by-election">by-election</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana_Maddock" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana Maddock">Diana Maddock</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">(Liberal Democrat)</a> was elected with a <a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">swing</a> of 35.4%, one of the largest-ever swings against a sitting party.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The seat was retaken by Conservative candidate <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Chope" title="Christopher Chope">Christopher Chope</a> in 1997, and retained in 2001 and 2005. In the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, Chope retained his seat with a considerable majority of 15,410 and 56.4% of the vote, making Christchurch one of the safest Conservative constituencies in the country.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Christchurch was part of the <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England constituency</a> for elections to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum</a>, the borough of Christchurch voted by 59% to leave.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> Christchurch is the most easterly coastal town of the administrative county of Dorset, and it lies within the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>. The town abuts Bournemouth to the west and is approximately 9 miles (14 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>, 20 miles (32 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton, Hampshire">Southampton</a>, 23 miles (37 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Salisbury, Wiltshire">Salisbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The town centre lies between the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a> which flow directly into <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a>. The borough boundaries stretched to <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a> Forest in the north encompassing <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a> and eastwards along the coast as far as <a href="/wiki/Walkford" title="Walkford">Walkford</a>. The River Stour forms a natural boundary to the west; the estuary and harbour form the southern boundary.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Harbour,_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Harbour%2C_Stanpit_Marsh_and_Hengistbury_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_103551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a> with the Clay Pool (bottom right) where the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">Avon</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a> converge. <a href="/wiki/Stanpit_Marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanpit Marsh">Stanpit Marsh</a> (centre left), <a href="/wiki/Wick,_Bournemouth" title="Wick, Bournemouth">Wick</a> (centre right) and <a href="/wiki/Hengistbury_Head" title="Hengistbury Head">Hengistbury Head</a> (top right). The thin line of beach huts at the top left reveals the position of <a href="/wiki/Mudeford_Spit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudeford Spit">Mudeford Spit</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> on the horizon.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a> contains large areas of <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marsh</a> and is protected by a <a href="/wiki/Sandbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandbar">sandbar</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Mudeford_Spit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudeford Spit">Mudeford Spit</a> which has fine sandy beach on both sides of a walkway lined with <a href="/wiki/Beach_hut" title="Beach hut">beach huts</a>. The harbour is protected by a natural <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hengistbury_Head" title="Hengistbury Head">Hengistbury Head</a>) at the start of the sandbanks, and is a special site for <a href="/wiki/Sand_martin" title="Sand martin">sand martins</a> which nest annually in the sandy cliffs. The harbour is only accessible to shallow draught boats drawing up to 4 feet (1.2 m) due to the sandbars at the entrance.<a href="#cite_note-Christchurch_Harbour-62">[62]</a> The entrance, known as the Run, has Mudeford Quay on one side and the spit on the other. Considerable tides flow here: up to 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) during <a href="/wiki/Spring_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring tide">spring tides</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The harbour is a protected wildlife refuge and is home to large populations of <a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a> and other bird life. On the south side, the harbour is enclosed by Hengistbury Head which was the site of the earliest settlement here dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Christchurch_Harbour-62">[62]</a> The landward end of the headland has a bank and ditch known as <a href="/wiki/Hengistbury_Head#Iron_Age" title="Hengistbury Head">Double Dykes</a>, built in about 700 BC, to protect the ancient settlement.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanpit_Marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanpit Marsh">Stanpit Marsh</a> is a 65-hectare (160-acre) <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a> situated just below the confluence of the Rivers Avon and Stour. During the 18th century it was notorious for smugglers landing tobacco and rum in the narrow channels of Christchurch Harbour.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> It contains areas of salt marsh and <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_marsh" title="Freshwater marsh">freshwater marsh</a> with <a href="/wiki/Reed_bed" title="Reed bed">reed beds</a> and is home to grazing horses, rare birds, and 14 species of rare or endangered plants.<a href="#cite_note-Friends_of_Stanpit_Marsh-66">[66]</a> It was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Local_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Nature Reserve">Local Nature Reserve</a> in 1964, and a <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" title="Site of Special Scientific Interest">Site of Special Scientific Interest</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> To the north of Christchurch is <a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Hill,_Dorset" title="St Catherine's Hill, Dorset">St Catherine's Hill</a>, the highest part of the borough at 53 metres (174 ft) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-St.C_hill-68">[68]</a> This hill is the most southerly of a chain of three hills, some 3 miles (4.8 km) long with 35-hectare (86-acre) area of <a href="/wiki/Heathland" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathland">heathland</a> and coniferous forest. The <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a>, Christchurch Priory, Hengistbury Head, <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">Avon Valley</a>, Christchurch Bay, <a href="/wiki/The_Solent" title="The Solent">The Solent</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Needles" title="The Needles">The Needles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> can be seen from viewpoints on the east side of the Hill. Stour Valley way, <a href="/wiki/Poole_Bay" title="Poole Bay">Poole Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Purbeck" title="Isle of Purbeck">Isle of Purbeck</a> can be viewed from the south-west side of the Hill. Due to its commanding views, St. Catherine's Hill has been in use since prehistoric times as a look-out area and beacon and in more recent years served as a military training ground.<a href="#cite_note-St.C_hill-68">[68]</a> The hill is home to protected and rare wildlife species, including the <a href="/wiki/Dartford_warbler" title="Dartford warbler">Dartford warbler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nightjar" title="Nightjar">nightjar</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sand_lizard" title="Sand lizard">sand lizard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-St.C_hill-68">[68]</a> The geology of the borough is unremarkable; the <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> is mainly composed of <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> with patches of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> to the east and west, and superficial deposits (<a href="/wiki/Drift_(geology)" title="Drift (geology)">drift</a>) of sand and <a href="/wiki/Gravel" title="Gravel">gravel</a> cover the entire area.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The extraction of sand and gravel for construction purposes is carried out in the borough, and the opening of more sites is planned.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Christchurch, like the rest of the country, has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climate with a small variation in daily and annual temperatures. The presence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> ensures that the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> maintain an all-year-round ambient temperature, and, because of its position on the south coast of England, Christchurch has slightly warmer winters and cooler summers than settlements further inland. The warmest months in Christchurch are July and August, which have an average <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature" title="Atmospheric temperature">temperature range</a> of 12 to 22 °C (54 to 72 °F), and the coolest months are January and February, which have a range of 2 to 8.3 °C (35.6 to 46.9 °F).<a href="#cite_note-annualweather-71">[71]</a> The average annual rainfall of 594.5 millimetres (23.41 in) is well below the UK average of 1,126 millimetres (44.3 in).<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Christchurch, Dorset, England </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (46) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (52) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (55) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (63) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (59) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (52) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 (48) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (36) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (39) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (45) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (54) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (45) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (39) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9 (2.48) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.3 (1.98) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7 (1.60) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5 (1.79) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (1.15) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (1.40) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (1.25) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (1.40) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5 (2.03) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3 (2.96) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0 (2.72) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 (2.65) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">594.5 (23.41) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: MSN<a href="#cite_note-annualweather-71">[71]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_belt">Green belt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Green belt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_West_Hampshire/South_East_Dorset_Green_Belt" title="South West Hampshire/South East Dorset Green Belt">South West Hampshire/South East Dorset Green Belt</a></div> Christchurch lies at the centre of a <a href="/wiki/Green_belt_(United_Kingdom)" title="Green belt (United Kingdom)">green belt</a> region that extends into the wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, prevent the towns in the South East Dorset conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<a href="#cite_note-green-belt-73">[73]</a> The area is 3,477 hectares (34.77 km2; 13.42 sq mi) (2010) in size,<a href="#cite_note-green-belt-73">[73]</a> and lies mainly to the north of the district, with portions surrounding the fringes of the Christchurch/Highcliffe-on-Sea urban area. Suburbs also excluded are Jumpers Common, the built up area of Burton, as well as Bournemouth Airport, with the rest of the borough including the rural portions and hamlets in the Hurn and Burton parishes being 'washed over' by the green belt. Landscape features and greenfield facilities within include the rivers Stour, <a href="/wiki/Moors_River" title="Moors River">Moors</a>, Avon and their <a href="/wiki/Floodplains" class="mw-redirect" title="Floodplains">floodplains</a>, Christchurch Priory, Chapel Lane solar farm, Blackwater and St Catherine's hills, Hurn Forest, Stanpit Marsh, Mudeford Spit, and the <a href="/wiki/Adventure_Wonderland" title="Adventure Wonderland">Adventure Wonderland</a> theme park. The <a href="/wiki/New_Forest_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="New Forest National Park">New Forest National Park</a> in Hampshire borders the green belt to the east of the borough in Burton parish.<a href="#cite_note-green-belt-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="toc" border="1" style="float:right; border-collapse:collapse; margin-right:10pt; margin-top:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Age</th> <th>Percentage<a href="#cite_note-dorsetforyou-74">[74]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>0–15</td> <td align="right">15.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16–17</td> <td align="right">2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18–44</td> <td align="right">27.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45–59</td> <td align="right">19.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60–84</td> <td align="right">31.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>85+</td> <td align="right">4.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> The Christchurch parish had a population of 31,372 in 2021, and around 50,000 for the wider borough, making it the fourth most populous settlement in Dorset.<a href="#cite_note-bua2011-1">[1]</a> It lies in the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Dorset_conurbation" title="South East Dorset conurbation">South East Dorset conurbation</a> which is one of the South Coast's major urban areas with a total population of over 400,000.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Christchurch has one of the oldest populations in the country with significant proportion of residents wealthy senior citizens.<a href="#cite_note-2005profile-76">[76]</a> The percentage of the population aged over 65 in Christchurch is 30.4%, almost double the national average of 16.5%.<a href="#cite_note-aging_population-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Highcliffe" title="Highcliffe">Highcliffe</a> on the borough's eastern boundary possesses the highest percentage of elderly residents in the entire United Kingdom at 69%.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> predicted that by 2031, the percentage of residents over 65 will rise to 37.9.<a href="#cite_note-aging_population-77">[77]</a> In 2005, the life expectancy of female residents was 83.4 years and male residents 79.7 years. This was an increase on ten years previous (1995) when the life expectancy was 82.6 years and 77.0 years for females and males respectively.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In common with the rest of Dorset, Christchurch has low numbers of black and minority ethnic groups: the vast majority (96.83%) consider themselves to be <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">White British</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Other white groups account for a further 2.09% and those of mixed race 0.44%. Asian and <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">British Asian</a> make up the next largest group with 0.25% of the local population, followed by Chinese, 0.16%, black, 0.13% and 0.11% from other ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Over 55% of the economically active population are in full-time employment; a further 22% work on a part-time basis.<a href="#cite_note-Dorset_County_Council_2005_4-83">[83]</a> Of those in employment, over 40% of the borough's residents have a high skill level occupation and 17% have a low level one.<a href="#cite_note-Dorset_County_Council_2005_4-83">[83]</a> Some 28.18% have no formal qualifications but 16.63% have a level 4 qualification or above (<a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">first or higher degree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Certificate" title="Higher National Certificate">HNC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">HND</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">NVQ levels 4 or 5</a>).<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Christchurch contains around 22,800 properties.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 2005 the average price of a detached house in Christchurch was £323,416.<a href="#cite_note-Christchurch_Borough_Council_5-86">[86]</a> On average property in Christchurch is 24% more expensive than anywhere else in England and Wales.<a href="#cite_note-Christchurch_Borough_Council_10-87">[87]</a> Nearly 80% of residences are owner occupied, 3% are vacant and a further 3% are second homes.<a href="#cite_note-2005profile-76">[76]</a> The borough has around 25,000 cars: an average of 1.21 per household.<a href="#cite_note-Christchurch_Borough_Council_10-87">[87]</a> Christchurch, in common with the rest of Dorset, has lower crime rates than average for the UK. Reported crime rates per 1,000 of the population in 2006 (with figures for 2001 in brackets) are as follows: violence against the person 10.4 (4.8), sexual offences 0.7 (0.3), robbery 0.2 (0.3), burglary 2.2 (4.0), theft of vehicles 0.9 (2.5), theft from vehicles 3.6 (7.2).<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:center;">Historical population of Christchurch </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Year </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1801 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1811 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1821 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1831 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1841 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1851 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1861 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1871 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1881 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1891 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1901 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Population </th> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">265 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">230 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">317 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">359 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">1,317 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">1,332 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">3,460 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">5,589 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">7,717 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">14,686 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">11,155 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Year </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1911 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1921 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1931 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1941 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1951 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1961 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1971 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1981 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1991 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2001 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2011 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Population </th> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">8,496 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">11,572 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">15,773 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">18,828 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">22,475 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">27,549 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">33,768 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">37,285 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">41,240 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">44,869 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;">Census: 1801 – 2001<a href="#cite_note-Visionof2009-33">[33]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sector <a href="#cite_note-Dale_Jayne,_Gray_Anne,_Wicks_John_23-89">[89]</a> </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>Change (£M) </th> <th>Change (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Agriculture </td> <td>10.5 </td> <td>14.6 </td> <td>16.3 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td>56% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mining/Quarrying </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Food/Textiles/Wood </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>−2.9 </td> <td>−42% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Printing and Publishing </td> <td>3.7 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td>−0.7 </td> <td>−19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemicals and Minerals </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>−2.8 </td> <td>−28% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Metals and Engineering </td> <td>12.8 </td> <td>26.9 </td> <td>30.8 </td> <td>17.9 </td> <td>140% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electronics </td> <td>56.8 </td> <td>34.7 </td> <td>40.5 </td> <td>−16.2 </td> <td>−29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transport equipment </td> <td>52.7 </td> <td>62.4 </td> <td>71.6 </td> <td>18.8 </td> <td>36% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manufacturing nes </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>4.7 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>−0.3 </td> <td>−8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electricity/Gas/Water </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>14.9 </td> <td>20.7 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>66% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Construction </td> <td>34.7 </td> <td>49.6 </td> <td>43.5 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Distribution </td> <td>73.5 </td> <td>104.2 </td> <td>110.8 </td> <td>37.4 </td> <td>51% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hotel and Catering </td> <td>21.5 </td> <td>27.0 </td> <td>34.3 </td> <td>12.8 </td> <td>60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transport and Communications </td> <td>80.5 </td> <td>119.9 </td> <td>145.1 </td> <td>64.6 </td> <td>80% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Banking and Insurance </td> <td>15.2 </td> <td>20.1 </td> <td>25.5 </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td>68% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other business services </td> <td>57.8 </td> <td>56.2 </td> <td>84.8 </td> <td>27.0 </td> <td>47% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public administration and Defence </td> <td>9.8 </td> <td>13.2 </td> <td>16.5 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>68% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education and Health </td> <td>67.2 </td> <td>70.7 </td> <td>76.8 </td> <td>9.6 </td> <td>14% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miscellaneous services </td> <td>22.9 </td> <td>20.4 </td> <td>22.3 </td> <td>−0.6 </td> <td>−2% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total GVA </th> <th>552.5 </th> <th>664.5 </th> <th>757.0 </th> <th>204.5 </th> <th>37% </th></tr></tbody></table> Between 2000 and 2007 the total <a href="/wiki/Gross_Value_Added" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Value Added">Gross Value Added</a> (GVA) of the borough grew by 37% from £552 million to £757 million.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The biggest contributor to the local economy through the period 2000–2007 was the transport and communication sector which in 2007 brought in £145 million GVA; £64 million more than in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-GVA_p.20-91">[91]</a> The sector which saw the largest growth during that period however, was metals and engineering which increased by 140%.<a href="#cite_note-GVA_p.20-91">[91]</a> The food, textiles and wood industries experienced the largest negative change at −42% whereas the electronics industry experienced the biggest fall with £16.2 million less than seven years previous.<a href="#cite_note-Dale_Jayne,_Gray_Anne,_Wicks_John_23-89">[89]</a> An aircraft manufacturing industry was established in the town with the construction of an <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd." title="Airspeed Ltd.">Airspeed</a> factory at <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Airfield" title="Christchurch Airfield">Christchurch Airfield</a> in 1942. In 1948 the factory became part of <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">de Havilland</a> and manufactured a wide range of aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">Vampire</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Venom" title="De Havilland Sea Venom">Sea Venom</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Vixen" title="De Havilland Sea Vixen">Sea Vixen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">RAF base</a> situated on the outskirts of borough boundaries at <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a>, also became heavily involved in aircraft production after <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Armstrong">Vickers Armstrong</a>—which later became the <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> (BAC)—established a factory at the airport.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Although the de Havilland factory closed down in 1962 and aircraft manufacturing at Bournemouth Airport ceased by the late 1970s, the aircraft and engineering industries remained important to the local economy. Major employers in Christchurch include: <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a>, Bournemouth Aviation Services Company (BASCO), Beagle Aerospace, <a href="/wiki/Channel_Express" title="Channel Express">Channel Express</a>, College of Air Traffic Control, Data Track Process Instruments, <a href="/wiki/European_Aviation_Air_Charter" title="European Aviation Air Charter">European Aviation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=FR_Aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FR Aviation (page does not exist)">FR Aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, Reid Steel, Revvo Castor Company, <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens_VAI" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens VAI">Siemens VAI</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=SELEX_Communications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SELEX Communications (page does not exist)">SELEX Communications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dorsetforyou-74">[74]</a> The town's High Street has 48 shops with 61,847 square feet (5,745.8 m2) of retail space.<a href="#cite_note-retail-94">[94]</a> The addition of the Saxon Square shopping precinct in 1982 added a further 41,748 square feet (3,878.5 m2) of shop floor to the town centre—an increase of 67.5%.<a href="#cite_note-retail-94">[94]</a> The combined number of shops and floor space makes Christchurch the fifth largest shopping centre in Dorset.<a href="#cite_note-retail-94">[94]</a> In 2008, Christchurch attracted some 837,000 staying visitors and 792,000 day visitors, and tourism generated £76 million for the local economy.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Although important to the local economy, Christchurch is not so heavily dependent on tourism as some of its neighbours. In 2008, visitor accommodation consisted of 11 <a href="/wiki/Campsite" title="Campsite">caravan and camping parks</a>, and some 900 bed spaces in eight hotels and 75 <a href="/wiki/Guest_house" title="Guest house">guest houses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">bed and breakfast</a> establishments.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/220px-Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/330px-Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/440px-Monday_Market_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Monday market, Christchurch High Street</figcaption></figure> A weekly market was granted to the town by <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_de_Redvers,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon">Baldwin de Redvers</a> and the first market took place in 1149 at the junction of Castle Street and High Street.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> These weekly markets stopped in 1872 but resumed a century later in a car park next to the town hall, now the site of Saxon Square.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> When construction of the square began in 1983, the market was moved to a car park in Bank Close. Today it is held every Monday in High Street which is then closed to traffic. Periodically there are food fairs and a French market in the town.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Every year since 2000 the town has held a food and wine festival during May. It includes an international food market with over 100 stalls selling food and drink, and a large marquee with a kitchen area erected in Saxon Square. Here cooking demonstrations are given, sometimes by a celebrity chef: past guests have included <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rhodes" title="Gary Rhodes">Gary Rhodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Novelli" title="Jean-Christophe Novelli">Jean-Christophe Novelli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The week-long festival is a community event which aims to educate people in healthy eating as well as the availability of foods. During the festival local chefs are invited into schools to demonstrate recipes; and throughout the weekend the marquee hosts a cookery workshop for 7- to 10-year-olds.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Christchurch holds an annual music festival on the first weekend in July. Originally a <a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of England">folk festival</a>, the event has evolved to cater for a wider variety of tastes: <a href="/wiki/Clogging" title="Clogging">clog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morris_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris dancing">morris dancing</a> groups and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">salsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belly_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Belly dancing">belly dancing</a> exhibitions have featured. <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock bands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul groups</a> have been included alongside the more traditional types of music. The festival's format changes annually but usually takes place on and around the town quay where a large marquee contains the main stage. Local bars often host smaller bands and dancing and exhibitions take place throughout the town centre.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Another annual event is the <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regatta</a> which has been held every year since 1909.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> It takes place around the second week in August and involves rowing competitions on the River Stour and a <a href="/wiki/Travelling_funfair" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelling funfair">travelling funfair</a> sited on the adjacent town <a href="/wiki/Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quay">quay</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> procession and large <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">firework display</a> takes place at the weekend. The part of the quay by the priory is known as The Quomps and was conveyed to the town in 1911 by <a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_5th_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 5th Earl of Malmesbury">Lord Malmesbury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> A 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Bandstand" title="Bandstand">bandstand</a> situated in the Quomps was an anonymous gift to the town in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> During the summer months it is used for free open-air concerts on Saturdays, one of the most popular being "Stompin' on the Quomps", a <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a> festival.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> On Sunday afternoons <a href="/wiki/Brass_band_(British_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass band (British style)">brass bands</a> often play there. The town has a museum: the <a href="/wiki/Red_House_Museum_and_Gardens,_Christchurch" title="Red House Museum and Gardens, Christchurch">Red House Museum</a> in Quay Road. Once the town's <a href="/wiki/Workhouse" title="Workhouse">workhouse</a>, the Red House contains permanent and temporary exhibitions pertaining to local history, costume, geology, natural history and archaeology. The museum grounds contain formal and informal gardens.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The old power station in Bargates, owned by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_and_Southern_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish and Southern Energy">Scottish and Southern Energy</a>, housed the Museum of Electricity. This is no longer open to the public, although the company is working on new ways to share the museum's collection more widely across the UK.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Christchurch" title="List of churches in Christchurch">List of churches in Christchurch</a></div> Christchurch is home to many churches, most notably <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">Christchurch Priory</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Listed buildings in Christchurch, Dorset">Listed buildings in Christchurch, Dorset</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_centre">Town centre</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Town centre">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Centre" title="Christchurch Town Centre">Christchurch Town Centre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/220px-Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/330px-Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG/440px-Town_Hall_Christchurch_Dorset.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall,_Christchurch" title="The Town Hall, Christchurch">The Mayor's Parlour and Saxon Square</a></figcaption></figure> Christchurch's town centre encompasses a mixture of traditional public houses, restaurants, coffee shops, antiquated cottages and historic <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Listed buildings">listed buildings</a>. The older part of the town dates from Saxon times and retains its Saxon street layout.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The Grade II listed <a href="/wiki/Mayor%27s_Parlour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor's Parlour">Mayor's Parlour</a> was built as the market hall in 1745 at the far end of the High Street but was moved to its present position in 1849.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_p17-111">[111]</a> It was enclosed and extended, and used as the <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">town hall</a> until the civic offices were built in the mid-1970s. It was restored to its former condition circa 1982 when the Saxon Square shopping precinct was built.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> High Street contains two Grade II listed <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public houses</a>: Ye Olde George Inne, once a <a href="/wiki/Coaching_inn" title="Coaching inn">coach house</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_p17-111">[111]</a> and the Ship Inn which has the oldest licence in Christchurch.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> A known haunt of <a href="/wiki/Smugglers" class="mw-redirect" title="Smugglers">smugglers</a>, the Ship Inn's history can be traced back to 1688.<a href="#cite_note-Newman_1998_53-114">[114]</a> At the end of High Street is Church Street which contains Church Hatch, a Grade II* listed <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> residence. Once the home of Sir <a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor_Burne" title="Owen Tudor Burne">Owen Tudor Burne</a>, it was saved from demolition in 1929 by public appeal.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Ye Olde Eight Bells, a Grade II listed gift shop in Church Street, was once another <a href="/wiki/Alehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alehouse">alehouse</a> frequented by smugglers and central to a number of local legends.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Close by in Castle Street is the Perfumery, a 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Thatched" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatched">thatched</a> property often referred to as the old courthouse; although some local historians maintain that this was next door and long gone.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The town centre contains three Grade I listed bridges. The Town Bridge is a 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a> stone bridge composed of two portions separated by a narrow strip of land. The eastern portion crosses the narrower of two branches of the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">River Avon</a> that pass through the town and features five low round-headed <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The western bridge features two arches and crosses the millstream which runs adjacent to the Avon. To the east of the Town Bridge on the same route from the town centre the Waterloo Bridge spans the larger branch of the Avon. Built circa 1816–1817 in the mediaeval tradition with dressed <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>, its design incorporates five wide segmental arches, circular piers and capped cutwaters.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> On the northern side of the bridge a modern steel pedestrian footbridge is cantilevered to the older structure.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castle">Castle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Castle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg/220px-Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg/330px-Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg/440px-Constable%27s_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1764117.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Constable's House</figcaption></figure> The Grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Castle" title="Christchurch Castle">Christchurch Castle</a> is of <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> origin and was originally of a <a href="/wiki/Motte_and_bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte and bailey">motte and bailey</a> construction. The castle once dominated the town but now lies in ruins and only a couple of the <a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">keep</a> walls remain. A castle has stood in Christchurch since approximately 924 AD when <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a> fortified the town with a wooden fort on a <a href="/wiki/Motte" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte">motte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_87-122">[122]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest">Norman conquest</a> in 1066 the castle's defences were strengthened with a ditch and <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte-and-bailey">bailey</a> surrounded by a wooden <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a>. The wooden fort was replaced; at first with another wooden structure and then a stone keep which was constructed in the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_89-124">[124]</a> Within the curtain wall of the castle stands the Constable's House, a Grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> dwelling. Much of the building's stonework remains, including a rare example of a Norman chimney (one of only five in the country) and the <a href="/wiki/Garderobe" title="Garderobe">privy</a> which extends out across the mill stream.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The castle was <a href="/wiki/Slighting" title="Slighting">slighted</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentary</a> army during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> to prevent the stronghold from falling into <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> hands.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_pp._89–90-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stannard_p135/136-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priory">Priory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Priory">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Priory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_647546.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Christchurch Priory dates from the 11th century</figcaption></figure> Christchurch town centre and the harbour are overlooked by the 11th-century Grade I listed <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">Christchurch Priory</a>. Once a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, it was given to the town for use as a <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">dissolution</a> in 1540.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> It is the longest parish church in England, having a <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> over 311 feet (95 m) long.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_87-122">[122]</a> The nave and <a href="/wiki/Transepts" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepts">transepts</a> are <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> with heavy columns and round arches, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Lady_chapel" title="Lady chapel">lady chapel</a> is from the 14th century and more <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpendicular Period">Perpendicular</a> in style. The great <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">choir</a> is even later, having been rebuilt in the 16th century. The Priory is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory#Miraculous_beam" title="Christchurch Priory">Miraculous Beam</a>, which attracts pilgrims from all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-Moxey_1997_87-122">[122]</a> Within the Priory grounds stands Priory House, a Grade II listed mansion built in 1777 by <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Brander" title="Gustavus Brander">Gustavus Brander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_9-127">[127]</a> The Priory is in active use for worship and forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Winchester" title="Diocese of Winchester">Diocese of Winchester</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Place_Mill">Place Mill</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Place Mill">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_Mill,_Christchurch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg/220px-Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg/330px-Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg/440px-Place_Mill%2C_Christchurch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Place Mill</figcaption></figure> Place Mill is a Grade II* listed Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Watermill" title="Watermill">watermill</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> located a short distance to the south of the Priory on Christchurch Quay. It is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> and features a mediaeval stone base underneath red brickwork.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The mill belonged to the Priory but stopped working in 1908 and stood derelict until purchased by the council and restored in 1981. It is unique in that it takes water from one river (the <a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">Avon</a>) and spills it into a second river (the <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a>).<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> A millstream is supplied from the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour#Royalty_Fishery" title="Christchurch Harbour">Royalty Fisheries</a> near to the Electricity Museum behind Bargates, and flows for nearly 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the mill between the Avon and the Priory grounds before joining the River Stour.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> A mediaeval Grade II listed bridge known as the Place Mill Bridge crosses the millstream nearby.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_recreation">Sport and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sport and recreation">edit</a>]</div> The town's <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_F.C." title="Christchurch F.C.">Christchurch F.C.</a>, play at Hurn Bridge Sports Club, which is situated at the junction of the Avon Causeway and Matchams Lane.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Established in 1885, the club was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Football_Association" title="Hampshire Football Association">Hampshire Football Association</a> in 1887. Christchurch F.C. were promoted as champions to <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_League" title="Hampshire League">Hampshire League</a> One in 1938, 1948 and 1986; in 1970, they became the first team to win the Bournemouth Senior Cup three times in succession. The club joined the <a href="/wiki/Wessex_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Wessex League">Wessex League</a> (the ninth tier of the <a href="/wiki/English_football_league_system" title="English football league system">English football league system</a>) in 1988 and are one of the few clubs in the league that maintain amateur status.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Hurn Bridge is also the home of Christchurch Cricket Club, who have teams in the Saturday and Sunday Dorset Leagues.<a href="#cite_note-cricket-135">[135]</a> In 2009, the first XI won Division 3 having been newly promoted from Division 4; in those two seasons, the team lost only four games.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Hurn Bridge houses the Dorset Cricket Centre, an indoor training facility run by the Dorset Cricket Board.<a href="#cite_note-cricket-135">[135]</a> Christchurch has a council run <a href="/wiki/Leisure_centre" title="Leisure centre">leisure centre</a>, situated at the end of Stony Lane South. The complex contains a swimming pool, golf course and indoor <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">bowling</a> facility which is home to the East Dorset Indoor Bowls Club.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Christchurch has a lawn bowling club, Christchurch Bowling Club, that plays on the green adjacent to the castle ruins.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The town has two other lawn bowling clubs and golf courses, at Iford and Highcliffe.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a> is a popular leisure pursuit in Christchurch and the harbour is home to three sailing clubs: Highcliffe Sailing Club, Mudeford Sailing Club and Christchurch Sailing Club, which are situated at Mudeford Quay, Fisherman's Bank and the Town Quay respectively. The other end of the Town Quay is home to the local <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> club.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg/220px-Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg/330px-Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg/440px-Christchurch_railway_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1762827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Christchurch station</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_railway_station,_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch railway station, Dorset">Christchurch railway station</a> is a stop on the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Main_Line" title="South West Main Line">South West Main Line</a>. Services are operated by <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway" title="South Western Railway">South Western Railway</a>; their typical off-peak service each hour is:<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <ul><li>One return service between <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Waterloo railway station">London Waterloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_railway_station" title="Bournemouth railway station">Bournemouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poole_railway_station" title="Poole railway station">Poole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_railway_station" title="Weymouth railway station">Weymouth</a></li> <li>One service from Bournemouth to <a href="/wiki/Winchester_railway_station" title="Winchester railway station">Winchester</a></li> <li>One service from <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Central_railway_station" title="Southampton Central railway station">Southampton Central</a> to Bournemouth.</li></ul> Christchurch is served by the <a href="/wiki/A35_road" title="A35 road">A35 road</a>, which runs from <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> through to <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> via Poole, Bournemouth and the <a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a>. To the north of the town, the A35 connects to the <a href="/wiki/A31_road" title="A31 road">A31</a>, which is the major trunk road in central southern England and provides access to the <a href="/wiki/M27_motorway" title="M27 motorway">M27 motorway</a> at Southampton. The <a href="/wiki/A338_road" title="A338 road">A338 road</a> runs northwards from Bournemouth through Christchurch to <a href="/wiki/Ringwood,_Hampshire" title="Ringwood, Hampshire">Ringwood</a> in Hampshire.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Buses are operated by <a href="/wiki/Go_South_Coast" title="Go South Coast">Go South Coast</a> under their <a href="/wiki/Morebus" title="Morebus">Morebus</a> brand. Routes connect Christchurch with Bournemouth, Lymington, New Milton, Ringwood and Somerford.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a>, is the nearest airport and lies around 3.75 miles (6.04 km) north-west of Christchurch town centre. Originally an <a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">RAF airfield</a>, the airport began commercial services in the late 1950s and served around 800,000 passengers on 2019.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>, <a href="/wiki/TUI_Airways" title="TUI Airways">TUI</a> and <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> operate from the airport, providing scheduled flights to European destinations.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> During the summer months, small passenger ferries travel between Tuckton and Mudeford Spit, via the town quay.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Another ferry crosses the Stour between <a href="/wiki/Wick,_Bournemouth" title="Wick, Bournemouth">Wick</a> and the Quay just below Tuckton Bridge; this ferry was running before the bridge was built in 1882 and was then, the only crossing below Iford.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> A third ferry service operates across the harbour entrance from Mudeford Sandbank to Mudeford Quay. This ferry was operated by rowing boats until the 1960s; payment being at the discretion of the passenger.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street,_Christchurch_(9247980289).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg/220px-Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg/330px-Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg/440px-Christchurch_Library_-_29_High_Street%2C_Christchurch_%289247980289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Christchurch Library</figcaption></figure> Christchurch has two <a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">infant schools</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Junior_school" title="Junior school">junior schools</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a> (combined infant and junior) and three <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a>. The secondary schools are, in order of size: <a href="/wiki/Twynham_School" title="Twynham School">Twynham School</a> (1,515 pupils), <a href="/wiki/Highcliffe_School" title="Highcliffe School">Highcliffe School</a> (1,347 pupils) and <a href="/wiki/The_Grange_School,_Christchurch" title="The Grange School, Christchurch">the Grange School</a> (637 pupils). The secondary schools share a <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth form</a>, with the three sites providing different courses.<a href="#cite_note-dorsetforyou-74">[74]</a> From 1 April 2019 schools in Christchurch have fallen under the jurisdiction of the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable residents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute,_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/170px-John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/255px-John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/340px-John_Stuart%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Bute%2C_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute</a>, Prime Minister 1762–63, owned a mansion house in Christchurch</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ferrey" title="Benjamin Ferrey">Benjamin Ferrey</a>, architect, one of the earliest members of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">Royal Institute of British Architects</a>. His works include the restoration of Christchurch Priory.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Lyons,_1st_Baron_Lyons" title="Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons">Edmund Lyons</a>, admiral and diplomat who was born and lived in the parish of Burton.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Brander" title="Gustavus Brander">Gustavus Brander</a>, curator at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> and governor of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> lived at Priory House which he had built in 1777 in the grounds of Christchurch Priory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Phillipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Phillipe">Prince Louis Phillipe</a>, the future King of France took refuge there during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_9-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a>, writer, poet and <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a>; lived in Burton between 1797 and 1799.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Great Britain">Prime Minister</a>, 1762–63, amateur <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanist</a> and one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; built a mansion, High Cliff House, on his Christchurch estate close to the cliff top in 1773.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph_highcliffe-154">[154]</a> The area is now known as <a href="/wiki/Highcliffe" title="Highcliffe">Highcliffe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stuart,_1st_Baron_Stuart_de_Rothesay" title="Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay">Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay</a>, diplomat and grandson of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute; built <a href="/wiki/Highcliffe_Castle" title="Highcliffe Castle">Highcliffe Castle</a> on the site of his grandfather's house.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph_highcliffe-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(Treasurer_of_the_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rose (Treasurer of the Navy)">Sir George Rose</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">Christchurch</a> and close friend and advisor to the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt</a>, built a home, 'Sandhills', at Mudeford.<a href="#cite_note-Hodges_2003_p._116-22">[22]</a> Sandhills was home to George Rose's two sons: politician and diplomat <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Rose" title="George Henry Rose">Sir George Henry Rose</a>, and poet <a href="/wiki/William_Stewart_Rose" title="William Stewart Rose">William Rose</a>, who both served as Members of Parliament for Christchurch.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rose,_1st_Baron_Strathnairn" title="Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn">Field Marshal Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn</a>, son of Sir George Henry Rose, spent time living at the family home.<a href="#cite_note-Powell_1995-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(horticulturist)" title="James Clark (horticulturist)">James Clark</a> (1825–1890), horticulturist and early genetic hybridist who specialised in breeding new potato varieties.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He was born in Wick near <a href="/wiki/Tuckton" title="Tuckton">Tuckton</a> (then a part of Christchurch) and lived his whole life in the Christchurch area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Donald Bailey">Donald Bailey</a>, a civil engineer who developed the <a href="/wiki/Bailey_bridge" title="Bailey bridge">Bailey bridge</a>, lived in Christchurch from 1966 to 1985.<a href="#cite_note-Stannard_1999_241-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wilson_(footballer_born_1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Wilson (footballer born 1941)">Bob Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland_men%27s_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotland men's national football team">Scotland</a> goalkeeper, has a home near the town centre.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Twin towns">edit</a>]</div> Christchurch is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatab%C3%A1nya" title="Tatabánya">Tatabánya</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-Archant_twinning_3-160">[160]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Borough_Council_elections" title="Christchurch Borough Council elections">Christchurch Borough Council elections</a> for the political history of the former borough council which existed 1974 to 2019.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bua2011-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bua2011_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2011_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bua2011_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/southwestengland/admin/bournemouth_christchurch/E04012814__christchurch/">"Christchurch"</a>. City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+population&rft.atitle=Christchurch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fsouthwestengland%2Fadmin%2Fbournemouth_christchurch%2FE04012814__christchurch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2001census-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2001census_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622125834/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1277383342265&enc=1&areaSearchText=christchurch&areaSearchType=13&extendedList=true&searchAreas">"Census 2001"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1277383342265&enc=1&areaSearchText=christchurch&areaSearchType=13&extendedList=true&searchAreas">the original</a> on 22 June 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/3308278/Making-the-grade-Highcliffe-House.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Making+the+grade%3A+Highcliffe+House&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft.au=Keith+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fproperty%2F3308278%2FMaking-the-grade-Highcliffe-House.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Powell (1995) p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suttonelms.org.uk/pot74.html">"James Clark, 1825–1890, Potato Breeder"</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Clark%2C+1825%E2%80%931890%2C+Potato+Breeder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suttonelms.org.uk%2Fpot74.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/dorset/7163397.stm">"OBE honour for former goalkeeper"</a>. BBC News. 29 December 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=OBE+honour+for+former+goalkeeper&rft.date=2007-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fdorset%2F7163397.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorsetforyou.com/393108">"Christchurch Twinning Association"</a>. Dorset County Council. 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Twinning+Association&rft.pub=Dorset+County+Council&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorsetforyou.com%2F393108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccc.govt.nz/the-council/civic-and-international-relations/sister-cities-programme">"Sister cities"</a>. Christchurch City Council. CCC. Retrieved 2 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christchurch+City+Council&rft.atitle=Sister+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccc.govt.nz%2Fthe-council%2Fcivic-and-international-relations%2Fsister-cities-programme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archant_twinning_3-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Archant_twinning_3_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]"</a>. Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">the original</a> on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns+%5Bvia+WaybackMachine.com%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillRumble1996" class="citation book cs1">Hill, David; Rumble, Alexander R. (1996). The defence of Wessex: the Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon fortifications. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3218-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3218-9"><bdi>978-0-7190-3218-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+defence+of+Wessex%3A+the+Burghal+Hidage+and+Anglo-Saxon+fortifications&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3218-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Rumble%2C+Alexander+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinde1996" class="citation book cs1">Hinde, Thomas, ed. (1996). The Domesday Book: England's Heritage, Then and Now. Godalming: Coombe Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873535-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873535-60-8"><bdi>978-1-873535-60-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Domesday+Book%3A+England%27s+Heritage%2C+Then+and+Now&rft.place=Godalming&rft.pub=Coombe+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-873535-60-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodges2003" class="citation book cs1">Hodges, Michael A (2003). Christchurch: The Golden Years. Tiverton: Dorset Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-871164-38-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-871164-38-1"><bdi>978-1-871164-38-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch%3A+The+Golden+Years&rft.place=Tiverton&rft.pub=Dorset+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-871164-38-1&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Michael+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoodless2005" class="citation book cs1">Hoodless, W.A (2005). Hengistbury Head: The Whole Story. Poole: Poole Historical Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873535-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873535-60-8"><bdi>978-1-873535-60-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hengistbury+Head%3A+The+Whole+Story&rft.place=Poole&rft.pub=Poole+Historical+Trust&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-873535-60-8&rft.aulast=Hoodless&rft.aufirst=W.A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoxey1997" class="citation book cs1">Moxey, Sarah (1997). Avon Valley Footpath Guide. Wellington: Halsgrove. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874448-26-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874448-26-6"><bdi>978-1-874448-26-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avon+Valley+Footpath+Guide&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Halsgrove&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-874448-26-6&rft.aulast=Moxey&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2009" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Sue (2009). Christchurch Through Time. Stroud: Amberley Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-358-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84868-358-7"><bdi>978-1-84868-358-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Through+Time&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Amberley+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84868-358-7&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1998" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Sue (1998). Images of England: Christchurch. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-1050-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-1050-4"><bdi>0-7524-1050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+of+England%3A+Christchurch&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7524-1050-4&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1995" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Mike (1995). Christchurch Harbour. Christchurch: Natula Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897887-07-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-897887-07-8"><bdi>1-897887-07-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch+Harbour&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Natula+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-897887-07-8&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStannard1999" class="citation book cs1">Stannard, Michael (1999). The Makers of Christchurch: A Thousand Year story. Christchurch: Natula Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897887-22-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897887-22-6"><bdi>978-1-897887-22-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Makers+of+Christchurch%3A+A+Thousand+Year+story&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Natula+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-897887-22-6&rft.aulast=Stannard&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1994" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Christine (1994). Christchurch: A Pictorial History. Chichester: Phillimore and Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85033-901-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85033-901-4"><bdi>0-85033-901-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christchurch%3A+A+Pictorial+History&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Phillimore+and+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-85033-901-4&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristchurch%2C+Dorset" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christchurch,_Dorset&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christchurch,_Dorset" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Christchurch, Dorset">Christchurch, Dorset</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Dorset" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dorset" title="Template:Dorset"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dorset" title="Template talk:Dorset"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dorset" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dorset"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Dorset" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="List of areas in Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">areas and suburbs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaminster" title="Beaminster">Beaminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandford_Forum" title="Blandford Forum">Blandford Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridport" title="Bridport">Bridport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadstone,_Dorset" title="Broadstone, Dorset">Broadstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickerell" title="Chickerell">Chickerell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfe_Mullen" title="Corfe Mullen">Corfe Mullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Dorset" title="Dorchester, Dorset">Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferndown" title="Ferndown">Ferndown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Dorset" title="Gillingham, Dorset">Gillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliffe" title="Highcliffe">Highcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyme_Regis" title="Lyme Regis">Lyme Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merley" title="Merley">Merley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury" title="Shaftesbury">Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherborne" title="Sherborne">Sherborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalbridge" title="Stalbridge">Stalbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturminster_Newton" title="Sturminster Newton">Sturminster Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanage" title="Swanage">Swanage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Dorset" title="Upton, Dorset">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verwood" title="Verwood">Verwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wareham,_Dorset" title="Wareham, Dorset">Wareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Dorset" title="Weymouth, Dorset">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimborne_Minster" title="Wimborne Minster">Wimborne Minster</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Dorset" title="List of civil parishes in Dorset">List of civil parishes in Dorset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Allen,_Dorset" title="River Allen, Dorset">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Asker" title="River Asker">Asker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Hampshire" title="River Avon, Hampshire">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Axe_(Lyme_Bay)" title="River Axe (Lyme Bay)">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bourne,_Dorset" title="River Bourne, Dorset">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bride,_Dorset" title="River Bride, Dorset">Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brit" title="River Brit">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cerne" title="River Cerne">Cerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Char" title="River Char">Char</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfe_River" title="Corfe River">Corfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Crane,_Dorset" title="River Crane, Dorset">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Frome,_Dorset" title="River Frome, Dorset">Frome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hooke" title="River Hooke">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moors_River" title="Moors River">Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Piddle" title="River Piddle">Piddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Simene" title="River Simene">Simene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydling_Water" title="Sydling Water">Sydling Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tarrant" title="River Tarrant">Tarrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wey,_Dorset" title="River Wey, Dorset">Wey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Dorset" title="Flag of Dorset">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Dorset" title="List of places in Dorset">Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="List of beaches in Dorset">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Dorset" title="List of churches in Dorset">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_County_Council" title="Dorset County Council">County Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dorset" title="Economy of Dorset">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_Dorset" title="Places of interest in Dorset">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Dorset_by_population" title="List of settlements in Dorset by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Dorset" title="Geology of Dorset">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Dorset" title="Geography of Dorset">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Dorset" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dorset">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Dorset" title="Healthcare in Dorset">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dorset" title="History of Dorset">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dorset_in_the_English_Civil_War" title="Dorset in the English Civil War">English Civil War</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Dorset" title="List of schools in Dorset">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Dorset" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Dorset">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Dorset" title="Lord Lieutenant of Dorset">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Dorset" title="High Sheriff of Dorset">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Dorset" title="List of museums in Dorset">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Dorset" title="Category:People from Dorset">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Dorset" title="Transport in Dorset">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Dorset" title="Grade I listed buildings in Dorset">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed_buildings_in_Dorset" title="Grade II listed buildings in Dorset">Grade II listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Dorset" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Dorset">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Dorset" title="Scheduled monuments in Dorset">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dorset" title="Portal:Dorset">Portal:Dorset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christchurch,_Dorset" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Template:Christchurch, Dorset"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Template talk:Christchurch, Dorset"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christchurch, Dorset"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christchurch,_Dorset" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christchurch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christchurch,_Dorset" title="History of Christchurch, Dorset">History of Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Christchurch,_Dorset" title="Listed buildings in Christchurch, Dorset">Listed buildings in Christchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater,_Dorset" title="Blackwater, Dorset">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton,_Dorset" title="Burton, Dorset">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmile,_Dorset" title="Fairmile, Dorset">Fairmile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friars_Cliff" title="Friars Cliff">Friars Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliffe" title="Highcliffe">Highcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoburne_Park" title="Hoburne Park">Hoburne Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurn" title="Hurn">Hurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpers_Common" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumpers Common">Jumpers Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">Mudeford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portfield,_Dorset" title="Portfield, Dorset">Portfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purewell" title="Purewell">Purewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerford,_Dorset" title="Somerford, Dorset">Somerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanpit" title="Stanpit">Stanpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_Centre" title="Christchurch Town Centre">Town Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkford" title="Walkford">Walkford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkton,_Dorset" title="Winkton, Dorset">Winkton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon_(Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Avon (Hampshire)">River Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">Bure Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">River Mude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Dorset" title="River Stour, Dorset">River Stour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford" title="Mudeford">Avon Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Castle" title="Christchurch Castle">Christchurch Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Harbour" title="Christchurch Harbour">Christchurch Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Priory" title="Christchurch Priory">Christchurch Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliffe_Castle" title="Highcliffe Castle">Highcliffe Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knapp_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knapp Mill (page does not exist)">Knapp Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudeford Quay">Mudeford Quay</a></li> <li>The Museum of Electricity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall,_Christchurch" title="The Town Hall, Christchurch">The Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christchurch,_Dorset" title="History of Christchurch, Dorset">The Red House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanpit_Marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanpit Marsh">Stanpit Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucktonia" title="Tucktonia">Tucktonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Burton CE Primary</li> <li>Christchurch Infants</li> <li>Christchurch Junior</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliffe_School" title="Highcliffe School">Highcliffe</a></li> <li>Mudeford Infants</li> <li>Mudeford Junior</li> <li>The Priory CE Primary</li> <li>Somerford Primary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grange_School,_Christchurch" title="The Grange School, Christchurch">The Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twynham_School" title="Twynham School">Twynham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(RC%26BR)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch (RC&BR) railway station">Christchurch (original)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(Dorset)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch (Dorset) railway station">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurn_railway_station" title="Hurn railway station">Hurn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air travel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_Airport" title="Bournemouth Airport">Bournemouth Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Airfield" title="Christchurch Airfield">Christchurch Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Christchurch" title="RAF Christchurch">RAF Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Hurn" title="RAF Hurn">RAF Hurn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Hospital,_Dorset" title="Christchurch Hospital, Dorset">Christchurch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest_and_Christchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="New Forest and Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">New Forest and Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_and_Lymington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Christchurch and Lymington (UK Parliament constituency)">Christchurch and Lymington (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_East_and_Christchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bournemouth East and Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">Bournemouth East and Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Christchurch_by-election" title="1993 Christchurch by-election">1993 Christchurch by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Christchurch_by-election" title="1844 Christchurch by-election">1844 Christchurch by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Borough_Council_elections" title="Christchurch Borough Council elections">Christchurch Borough Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_election" title="2019 Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council election">2019 BCP election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudeford" title="Battle of Mudeford">Battle of Mudeford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Rural_District" title="Christchurch Rural District">Christchurch Rural District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Football club</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_F.C." title="Christchurch F.C.">Christchurch F.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burton_and_Grange_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton and Grange (ward)">Burton and Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Town_(ward)" title="Christchurch Town (ward)">Christchurch Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons_(ward)" title="Commons (ward)">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highcliffe_and_Walkford_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highcliffe and Walkford (ward)">Highcliffe and Walkford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudeford,_Stanpit_and_West_Highcliffe_(ward)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudeford, Stanpit and West Highcliffe (ward)">Mudeford, Stanpit and West Highcliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925424#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925424#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925424#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/236876625">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgd3mtVtFv89TjpyKwjYP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84195789">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557660905171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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