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pipe</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hollow pipe"> <meta name="keywords" content="hollow pipe"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="hollow pipe"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 559</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hollow pipe</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> A Numerical Study on the Flow in a Pipe with Perforated Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myeong%20Hee%20Jeong">Myeong Hee Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of perforated plate and tubes is common in applications such as vehicle exhaust silencers, attenuators in air moving ducts and duct linings in jet engines. Also, perforated plate flow conditioners designed to improve flow distribution upstream of an orifice plate flow meter typically have 50–60% free area but these generally employ a non-uniform distribution of holes of several sizes to encourage the formation of a fully developed pipe flow velocity distribution. In this study, therefore, numerical investigations on the flow characteristics with the various perforated plates have been performed and then compared to the case without a perforated plate. Three different models are adopted such as a flat perforated plate, a convex perforated plate in the direction of the inlet, and a convex perforated plate in the direction of the outlet. Simulation results show that the pressure drop with and without perforated plates are similar each other. However, it can be found that that the different shaped perforated plates influence the velocity contour, flow uniformity index, and location of the fully developed fluid flow. These results can be used as a practical guide to the best design of pipe with the perforated plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforated%20plate" title="perforated plate">perforated plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20uniformity" title=" flow uniformity"> flow uniformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20turbulent%20flow" title=" pipe turbulent flow"> pipe turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20%28Computational%20Fluid%20Dynamics%29" title=" CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) "> CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23752/a-numerical-study-on-the-flow-in-a-pipe-with-perforated-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">691</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> Experimental Investigation with Different Inclination Angles on Copper Oscillating Heat Pipes Performance Using Fe2O3 / Kerosene under Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Goshayeshi">H. R. Goshayeshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mansori"> M. Mansori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ahmady"> M. Ahmady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zhaloyi"> M. Zhaloyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the result of an experimental investigation regarding the use of Fe2O3 nanoparticles added to Kerosene as a working fluid, under magnetic field for Copper Oscillating Heat pipe with inclination angle of 0°(horizontal), 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° (vertical). The following were examined; measure the temperature distribution and heat transfer rate on Oscillating Heat Pipe (OHP), with magnetic field under different angles. Results showed that the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles under magnetic field improved thermal performance of OHP especially in 75°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oscillating%20heat%20pipe" title="copper oscillating heat pipe">copper oscillating heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe2O3" title=" Fe2O3"> Fe2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclination%20angles" title=" inclination angles"> inclination angles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34708/experimental-investigation-with-different-inclination-angles-on-copper-oscillating-heat-pipes-performance-using-fe2o3-kerosene-under-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Influence of Inertial Forces of Large Bearings Utilized in Wind Energy Assemblies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Barabas">S. Barabas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sarbu"> F. Sarbu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Barabas"> B. Barabas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fota"> A. Fota </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Main objective of this paper is to establish a link between inertial forces of the bearings used in construction of wind power plant and its behavior. Using bearings with lower inertial forces has the immediate effect of decreasing inertia rotor system, with significant results in increased energy efficiency, due to decreased friction forces between rollers and raceways. The FEM analysis shows the appearance of uniform contact stress at the ends of the rollers, demonstrated the necessity of production of low mass bearings. Favorable results are expected in the economic field, by reducing material consumption and by increasing the durability of bearings. Using low mass bearings with hollow rollers instead of solid rollers has an impact on working temperature, on vibrations and noise which decrease. Implementation of types of hollow rollers of cylindrical tubular type, instead of expensive rollers with logarithmic profile, will bring significant inertial forces decrease with large benefits in behavior of wind power plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20forces" title="inertial forces">inertial forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Von%20Mises%20stress" title=" Von Mises stress"> Von Mises stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20rollers" title=" hollow rollers"> hollow rollers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32703/influence-of-inertial-forces-of-large-bearings-utilized-in-wind-energy-assemblies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Review of Affected Parameters on Flexural Behavior of Hollow Concrete Beams Reinforced by Steel/GFRP Rebars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrad%20Ebrahimzadeh">Shahrad Ebrahimzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the main efforts of the researchers aim to constantly evolve new, optimized and efficient construction materials and methods related to reinforced concrete beams. Due to the fewer applied materials and offering a higher structural efficiency compared to solid concrete beams with the same concrete area, hollow reinforced concrete beams (HRCB) internally reinforced with steel rebars have been employed extensively for bridge structural members and high-rise buildings. Many experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of hollow beams subjected to bending loading and found that the structural performance of HRCBs is critically affected by many design parameters. While the proper design of the HRCBs demonstrated comparable behavior to solid sections, inappropriate design leads beams to be extremely prone to brittle failure. Another potential issue that needs to be further investigated is the replacement of steel bars with suitable materials due to their susceptibility to corrosion. Hence, to develop a reliable construction system, the application of GFRP bars as a non-corroding material has been utilized. Furthermore, this study aims to critically review the different design parameters that affect the flexural performance of the HRCBs and recognize the gaps of knowledge in the better design and more effective use of this construction system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20parameters" title="design parameters">design parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20investigations" title=" experimental investigations"> experimental investigations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20reinforced%20concrete%20beams" title=" hollow reinforced concrete beams"> hollow reinforced concrete beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GFRP" title=" GFRP"> GFRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151020/review-of-affected-parameters-on-flexural-behavior-of-hollow-concrete-beams-reinforced-by-steelgfrp-rebars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Investigation of Dynamic Heat Transfer in Masonry Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joelle%20Al%20Fakhoury">Joelle Al Fakhoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilio%20Sassine"> Emilio Sassine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassine%20Cherif"> Yassine Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Dgheim"> Joseph Dgheim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Antczak"> Emmanuel Antczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hollow block masonry is the most used building technology in the Lebanese context. These blocks are manufactured in an artisanal way and have unknown thermal properties; their overall thermos-physical performance is thus unknown and also poorly investigated scientifically in both single wall and also double wall configurations. In this work, experimental measurements and numerical simulations are performed for a better understanding of the heat transfer in masonry walls. This study was realized using an experimental setup consisting of a masonry hollow block wall (0.1m x 1m x 1m) and two heat boxes, such that each covers one side of the wall. The first is a reference box having a constant interior temperature, and the other is a control box having an adjustable interior temperature. At first, the numerical model is validated using an experimental setup; then 3D numerical analyzes are held in order to investigate the effect of the air gap, the mortar joints, and the plastering on the thermal performance of masonry walls for a better understanding of the heat transfer process and the recommendation of suitable thermal improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20wall" title="masonry wall">masonry wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20blocks" title=" hollow blocks"> hollow blocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20instrumentation" title=" wall instrumentation"> wall instrumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20improvement" title=" thermal improvement"> thermal improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141822/investigation-of-dynamic-heat-transfer-in-masonry-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> The Study of Sintered Wick Structure of Heat Pipes with Excellent Heat Transfer Capabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Im-Nam%20Jang">Im-Nam Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Sik%20Ahn"> Yong-Sik Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study sintered wick was formed in a heat pipe through the process of sintering a mixture of copper powder with particle sizes of 100μm and 200μm, mixed with a pore-forming agent. The heat pipe's thermal resistance, which affects its heat transfer efficiency, is determined during manufacturing according to powder type, thickness of the sintered wick, and filling rate of the working fluid. Heat transfer efficiency was then tested at various inclination angles (0°, 45°, 90°) to evaluate the performance of heat pipes. Regardless of the filling amount and test angle, the 200μm copper powder type exhibited superior heat transfer efficiency compared to the 100μm type. After analyzing heat transfer performance at various filling rates between 20% and 50%, it was determined that the heat pipe's optimal heat transfer capability occurred at a working fluid filling rate of 30%. The width of the wick was directly related to the heat transfer performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pipe" title="heat pipe">heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20performance" title=" heat transfer performance"> heat transfer performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20pore%20size" title=" effective pore size"> effective pore size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20force" title=" capillary force"> capillary force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintered%20wick" title=" sintered wick"> sintered wick</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183110/the-study-of-sintered-wick-structure-of-heat-pipes-with-excellent-heat-transfer-capabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Influence and Interaction of Temperature, H2S and pH on Concrete Sewer Pipe Corrosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Romanova">Anna Romanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Mahmoodian"> Mojtaba Mahmoodian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20A.%20Alani"> Morteza A. Alani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete sewer pipes are known to suffer from a process of hydrogen sulfide gas induced sulfuric acid corrosion. This leads to premature pipe degradation, performance failure and collapses which in turn may lead to property and health damage. The above work reports on a field study undertaken in working sewer manholes where the parameters of effluent temperature and pH as well as ambient temperature and concentration of hydrogen sulfide were continuously measured over a period of two months. Early results suggest that effluent pH has no direct effect on hydrogen sulfide build up; on average the effluent temperature is 3.5°C greater than the ambient temperature inside the manhole and also it was observed that hydrogen sulfate concentration increases with increasing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20corrosion" title="concrete corrosion">concrete corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20sulfide%20gas" title=" hydrogen sulfide gas"> hydrogen sulfide gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewer%20pipe" title=" sewer pipe"> sewer pipe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10077/influence-and-interaction-of-temperature-h2s-and-ph-on-concrete-sewer-pipe-corrosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Effects of Pipe Curvature and Internal Pressure on Stiffness and Buckling Phenomenon of Circular Thin-Walled Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Polenta">V. Polenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Garvey"> S. D. Garvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chronopoulos"> D. Chronopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Long"> A. C. Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Morvan"> H. P. Morvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe when no internal pressure is acting and, similarly, positive curvatures decrease the stiffness and buckling limit. For internal pressurised pipes the effects of initial pipe curvature are less relevant. Results show that this phenomenon is in relationship with the cross-section deformation due to bending moment, which undergoes relevant ovalisation for no pressurised pipes and little ovalisation for pressurised pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20pipes" title=" curved pipes"> curved pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pressure" title=" internal pressure"> internal pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovalisation" title=" ovalisation"> ovalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending" title=" pure bending"> pure bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-walled%20pipes" title=" thin-walled pipes"> thin-walled pipes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983/effects-of-pipe-curvature-and-internal-pressure-on-stiffness-and-buckling-phenomenon-of-circular-thin-walled-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Comparison between Hardy-Cross Method and Water Software to Solve a Pipe Networking Design Problem for a Small Town</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Emad%20Ahmed">Ahmed Emad Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeyad%20Ahmed%20Hussein"> Zeyad Ahmed Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Salama%20Afifi"> Mohamed Salama Afifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohammed%20Eid"> Ahmed Mohammed Eid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water has a great importance in life. In order to deliver water from resources to the users, many procedures should be taken by the water engineers. One of the main procedures to deliver water to the community is by designing pressurizer pipe networks for water. The main aim of this work is to calculate the water demand of a small town and then design a simple water network to distribute water resources among the town with the smallest losses. Literature has been mentioned to cover the main point related to water distribution. Moreover, the methodology has introduced two approaches to solve the research problem, one by the iterative method of Hardy-cross and the other by water software Pipe Flow. The results have introduced two main designs to satisfy the same research requirements. Finally, the researchers have concluded that the use of water software provides more abilities and options for water engineers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=looping%20pipe%20networks" title="looping pipe networks">looping pipe networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardy%20cross%20networks%20accuracy" title=" hardy cross networks accuracy"> hardy cross networks accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20error%20of%20hardy%20cross%20method" title=" relative error of hardy cross method"> relative error of hardy cross method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156922/comparison-between-hardy-cross-method-and-water-software-to-solve-a-pipe-networking-design-problem-for-a-small-town" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Shear Behavior of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Precast/Prestressed Concrete Hollow Core Slabs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Nguyet%20Hang%20Nguyen">Thi Nguyet Hang Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hai%20Tan"> Kang Hai Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Precast/prestressed concrete hollow core (PCHC) slabs, especially ones with depth more than 300 mm, are susceptible to web-shear failure. The reasons lie on the fact that the production process of PCHC slabs, i.e., the extrusion method (the most common method to cast PCHC slabs nowadays), does not allow them to contain any shear reinforcement. Moreover, due to the presence of the longitudinal voids, cross sections of PCHC slabs are reduced. Therefore, the shear capacity of the slabs depends solely on the tensile strength of concrete which is relatively low. Given that shear is a major concern in using hollow-core slabs, this paper investigates the possibility of adopting steel fibers in PCHC slabs produced by the extrusion method to enhance the shear capacity of the slabs. Three full-scale PCHC slabs with and without hooked-steel fibers were cast and tested until failure. Three different volumetric fiber contents of 0, 0.51 and 0.89% were investigated. The test results showed that there were substantial increases in shear capacity and ductility with the use of hooked-steel fibers. Ultimate shear strength increased with fiber content. In addition, while the specimen without steel fibers and the one with the steel-fiber volume fraction of 0.51% failed in web-shear mode, the specimen with the higher fiber content (0.89%) collapsed in flexural-shear mode. However, as the hooked-steel fibers with the fiber content of 0.89% were used, difficulties in concrete consolidation were observed while concrete was being cast. This could lead to a lower ultimate shear capacity due to a poorer bond between the concrete and the steel fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow-core%20slabs" title="hollow-core slabs">hollow-core slabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fibers" title=" steel fibers"> steel fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-shear%20failure" title=" web-shear failure"> web-shear failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108492/shear-behavior-of-steel-fiber-reinforced-precastprestressed-concrete-hollow-core-slabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Heat Forging Analysis Method on Blank Consist of Two Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Ueda">Takashi Ueda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Enoki"> Shinichi Enoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forging parts is used to automobiles. Because they have high strength and it is possible to press them into complicated shape. When it is possible to manufacture hollow forging parts, it leads to reduce weight of the automobiles. But, hollow forging parts are confined to axisymmetrical shape. Hollow forging parts that were pressed to complicated shape are expected. Therefore, we forge a blank that aluminum alloy was inserted in stainless steel. After that, we can provide complex forging parts that are reduced weight, if it is possible to be melted the aluminum alloy away by using different of melting points. It is necessary to establish heat forging analysis method on blank consist of stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Because, this forging is different from conventional forging and this technology is not confirmed. In this study, we compared forging experiment with numerical analysis on the view point of forming load and shape after forming and establish how to set the material temperatures of two metals and material property of stainless steel on the analysis method. Consequently, temperature difference of stainless steel and aluminum alloy was obtained by experiment. We got material property of stainless steel on forging experimental by compression tests. We had compared numerical analysis that was used the temperature difference of two metals and the material property of stainless steel on forging experimental with forging experiment. Forging analysis method on blank consist of two metals was established by result of numerical analysis having agreed with result of forging experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forging" title="forging">forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow" title=" hollow"> hollow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17370/heat-forging-analysis-method-on-blank-consist-of-two-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Bearing Behavior of a Hybrid Monopile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zicheng%20Wang">Zicheng Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Offshore wind energy provides a huge potential for the expansion of renewable energies to the coastal countries. High demands are required concerning the shape and type of foundations for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) to find an economically, technically and environmentally-friendly optimal solution. A promising foundation concept is the hybrid foundation system, which consists of a steel plate attached to the outer side of a hollow steel pipe pile. In this study, the bearing behavior of a large diameter foundation is analyzed using a 3-dimensional finite element (FE) model. Non-linear plastic soil behavior is considered. The results of the numerical simulations are compared to highlight the priority of the hybrid foundation to the conventional monopile foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20foundation%20system" title="hybrid foundation system">hybrid foundation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20parameters" title=" mechanical parameters"> mechanical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20soil%20behaviors" title=" plastic soil behaviors"> plastic soil behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129922/bearing-behavior-of-a-hybrid-monopile-foundation-for-offshore-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Bacteriological Characterization of Drinking Water Distribution Network Biofilms by Gene Sequencing Using Different Pipe Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zafar">M. Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rasheed"> S. Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hashmi"> Imran Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Very little is concerned about the bacterial contamination in drinking water biofilm which provide a potential source for bacteria to grow and increase rapidly. So as to understand the microbial density in DWDs, a three-month study was carried out. The aim of this study was to examine biofilm in three different pipe materials including PVC, PPR and GI. A set of all these pipe materials was installed in DWDs at nine different locations and assessed on monthly basis. Drinking water quality was evaluated by different parameters and characterization of biofilm. Among various parameters are Temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, total phosphates, total nitrates, total organic carbon (TOC) free chlorine and total chlorine, coliforms and spread plate counts (SPC) according to standard methods. Predominant species were Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens , Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus safensis and significant increase in bacterial population was observed in PVC pipes while least in cement pipes. The quantity of DWDs bacteria was directly depended on biofilm bacteria and its increase was correlated with growth and detachment of bacteria from biofilms. Pipe material also affected the microbial community in drinking water distribution network biofilm while Similarity in bacterial species was observed between systems due to same disinfectant dose, time period and plumbing pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title="biofilm">biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWDs" title=" DWDs"> DWDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20material" title=" pipe material"> pipe material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20population" title=" bacterial population"> bacterial population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43105/bacteriological-characterization-of-drinking-water-distribution-network-biofilms-by-gene-sequencing-using-different-pipe-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Determining Design Parameters for Sizing of Hydronic Heating Systems in Concrete Thermally Activated Building Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Ali">Rahmat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inamullah%20Khan"> Inamullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Naseer"> Amjad Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20A.%20Shah"> Abid A. Shah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydronic Heating and Cooling systems in concrete slab based buildings are increasingly becoming a popular substitute to conventional heating and cooling systems. In exploring the materials, techniques employed, and their relative performance measures, a fair bit of uncertainty exists. This research has identified the simplest method of determining the thermal field of a single hydronic pipe when acting as a part of a concrete slab, based on which the spacing and positioning of pipes for a best thermal performance and surface temperature control are determined. The pipe material chosen is the commonly used PEX pipe, which has an all-around performance and thermal characteristics with a thermal conductivity of 0.5W/mK. Concrete Test samples were constructed and their thermal fields tested under varying input conditions. Temperature sensing devices were embedded into the wet concrete at fixed distances from the pipe and other touch sensing temperature devices were employed for determining the extent of the thermal field and validation studies. In the first stage, it was found that the temperature along a specific distance was the same and that heat dissipation occurred in well-defined layers. The temperature obtained in concrete was then related to the different control parameters including water supply temperature. From the results, the temperature of water required for a specific temperature rise in concrete is determined. The thermally effective area is also determined which is then used to calculate the pipe spacing and positioning for the desired level of thermal comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally%20activated%20building%20systems" title="thermally activated building systems">thermally activated building systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20slab%20temperature" title=" concrete slab temperature"> concrete slab temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20field" title=" thermal field"> thermal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20spacing" title=" pipe spacing"> pipe spacing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45802/determining-design-parameters-for-sizing-of-hydronic-heating-systems-in-concrete-thermally-activated-building-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Hydraulic L-Shaped Check Ball Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Kajiwara">Shinji Kajiwara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spring-driven ball-type check valve is one of the most important components of hydraulic systems: it controls the position of the ball and prevents backward flow. To simplify the structure, the spring must be eliminated, and to accomplish this, the flow pattern and the behavior of the check ball in L-shaped pipe must be determined. In this paper, we present a full-scale model of a check ball made of acrylic resin, and we determine the relationship between the initial position of the ball, the position and diameter of the inflow port. The check flow rate increases in a standard center inflow model, and it is possible to greatly decrease the check-flow rate by shifting the inflow from the center. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title="hydraulics">hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20flow" title=" pipe flow"> pipe flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20visualization" title=" flow visualization"> flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=check%20ball" title=" check ball"> check ball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-shaped%20pipe" title=" L-shaped pipe "> L-shaped pipe </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24526/numerical-simulation-and-experimental-validation-of-the-hydraulic-l-shaped-check-ball-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer on Vertical Two-Phased Closed Thermosyphon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hadi%20Kusuma">M. Hadi Kusuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandy%20Putra"> Nandy Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anhar%20Riza%20Antariksawan"> Anhar Riza Antariksawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ficky%20Augusta%20Imawan"> Ficky Augusta Imawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat pipe is considered to be applied as a passive system to remove residual heat that generated from reactor core when incident occur or from spent fuel storage pool. The objectives are to characterized the heat transfer phenomena, performance of heat pipe, and as a model for large heat pipe will be applied as passive cooling system on nuclear spent fuel pool storage. In this experimental wickless heat pipe or two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is used. Variation of heat flux are 611.24 Watt/m<sup>2</sup> - 3291.29 Watt/m<sup>2</sup>. Variation of filling ratio are 45 - 70%. Variation of initial pressure are -62 to -74 cm Hg. Demineralized water is used as working fluid in the TPCT. The results showed that increasing of heat load leads to an increase of evaporation of the working fluid. The optimum filling ratio obtained for 60% of TPCT evaporator volume, and initial pressure variation gave different TPCT wall temperature characteristic. TPCT showed best performance with 60% filling ratio and can be consider to be applied as passive residual heat removal system or passive cooling system on spent fuel storage pool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20closed%20term%20syphon" title="two-phase closed term syphon">two-phase closed term syphon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pipe" title=" heat pipe"> heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20cooling" title=" passive cooling"> passive cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20fuel%20storage%20pool" title=" spent fuel storage pool"> spent fuel storage pool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30599/experimental-investigation-of-heat-transfer-on-vertical-two-phased-closed-thermosyphon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> On Transferring of Transient Signals along Hollow Waveguide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Eroglu">E. Eroglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Semsit"> S. Semsit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Sener"> E. Sener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.S.%20Sener"> U.S. Sener</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Electromagnetics, there are three canonical boundary value problem with given initial conditions for the electromagnetic field sought, namely: Cavity Problem, Waveguide Problem, and External Problem. The Cavity Problem and Waveguide Problem were rigorously studied and new results were arised at original works in the past decades. In based on studies of an analytical time domain method Evolutionary Approach to Electromagnetics (EAE), electromagnetic field strength vectors produced by a time dependent source function are sought. The fields are took place in L2 Hilbert space. The source function that performs signal transferring, energy and surplus of energy has been demonstrated with all clarity. Depth of the method and ease of applications are emerged needs of gathering obtained results. Main discussion is about perfect electric conductor and hollow waveguide. Even if well studied time-domain modes problems are mentioned, specifically, the modes which have a hollow (i.e., medium-free) cross-section domain are considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20approach%20to%20electromagnetics" title="evolutionary approach to electromagnetics">evolutionary approach to electromagnetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-domain%20waveguide%20mode" title=" time-domain waveguide mode"> time-domain waveguide mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20problem" title=" Neumann problem"> Neumann problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20value%20problem" title=" Dirichlet boundary value problem"> Dirichlet boundary value problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klein-Gordon" title=" Klein-Gordon"> Klein-Gordon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42378/on-transferring-of-transient-signals-along-hollow-waveguide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Recovery of Helicobacter Pylori from Stagnant and Moving Water Biofilms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Zafar">Maryam Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajida%20Rasheed"> Sajida Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hashmi"> Imran Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water as an environmental reservoir is reported to act as a habitat and transmission route to microaerophilic bacteria such as Heliobacter pylori. It has been studied that in biofilms are the predominant dwellings for the bacteria to grow in water and protective reservoir for numerous pathogens by protecting them against harsh conditions, such as shear stress, low carbon concentration and less than optimal temperature. In this study, influence of these and many other parameters was studied on H. pylori in stagnant and moving water biofilms both in surface and underground aquatic reservoirs. H. pylori were recovered from pipe of different materials such as Polyvinyl Chloride, Polypropylene and Galvanized iron pipe cross sections from an urban water distribution network. Biofilm swabbed from inner cross section was examined by molecular biology methods coupled with gene sequencing and H. pylori 16S rRNA peptide nucleic acid probe showing positive results for H. pylori presence. Studies showed that pipe material affect growth of biofilm which in turn provide additional survival mechanism for pathogens like H. pylori causing public health concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title="biofilm">biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20sequencing" title=" gene sequencing"> gene sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heliobacter%20pylori" title=" heliobacter pylori"> heliobacter pylori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20materials" title=" pipe materials"> pipe materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37768/recovery-of-helicobacter-pylori-from-stagnant-and-moving-water-biofilms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Hydraulic Headloss in Plastic Drainage Pipes at Full and Partially Full Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Velitchko%20G.%20Tzatchkov">Velitchko G. Tzatchkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petronilo%20E.%20Cortes-Mejia"> Petronilo E. Cortes-Mejia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Manuel%20Rodriguez-Varela"> J. Manuel Rodriguez-Varela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Figueroa-Vazquez"> Jesus Figueroa-Vazquez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydraulic headloss, expressed by the values of friction factor f and Manning’s coefficient n, is an important parameter in designing drainage pipes. Their values normally are taken from manufacturer recommendations, many times without sufficient experimental support. To our knowledge, currently there is no standard procedure for hydraulically testing such pipes. As a result of research carried out at the Mexican Institute of Water Technology, a laboratory testing procedure was proposed and applied on 6 and 12 inches diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and high-density dual wall polyethylene pipe (HDPE) drainage pipes. While the PVC pipe is characterized by naturally smooth interior and exterior walls, the dual wall HDPE pipe has corrugated exterior wall and, although considered smooth, a slightly wavy interior wall. The pipes were tested at full and partially full pipe flow conditions. The tests for full pipe flow were carried out on a 31.47 m long pipe at flow velocities between 0.11 and 4.61 m/s. Water was supplied by gravity from a 10 m-high tank in some of the tests, and from a 3.20 m-high tank in the rest of the tests. Pressure was measured independently with piezometer readings and pressure transducers. The flow rate was measured by an ultrasonic meter. For the partially full pipe flow the pipe was placed inside an existing 49.63 m long zero slope (horizontal) channel. The flow depth was measured by piezometers located along the pipe, for flow rates between 2.84 and 35.65 L/s, measured by a rectangular weir. The observed flow profiles were then compared to computer generated theoretical gradually varied flow profiles for different Manning’s n values. It was found that Manning’s n, that normally is assumed constant for a given pipe material, is in fact dependent on flow velocity and pipe diameter for full pipe flow, and on flow depth for partially full pipe flow. Contrary to the expected higher values of n and f for the HDPE pipe, virtually the same values were obtained for the smooth interior wall PVC pipe and the slightly wavy interior wall HDPE pipe. The explanation of this fact was found in Henry Morris’ theory for smooth turbulent conduit flow over isolated roughness elements. Following Morris, three categories of the flow regimes are possible in a rough conduit: isolated roughness (or semi smooth turbulent) flow, wake interference (or hyper turbulent) flow, and skimming (or quasi-smooth) flow. Isolated roughness flow is characterized by friction drag turbulence over the wall between the roughness elements, independent vortex generation, and dissipation around each roughness element. In this regime, the wake and vortex generation zones at each element develop and dissipate before attaining the next element. The longitudinal spacing of the roughness elements and their height are important influencing agents. Given the slightly wavy form of the HDPE pipe interior wall, the flow for this type of pipe belongs to this category. Based on that theory, an equation for the hydraulic friction factor was obtained. The obtained coefficient values are going to be used in the Mexican design standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drainage%20plastic%20pipes" title="drainage plastic pipes">drainage plastic pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20headloss" title=" hydraulic headloss"> hydraulic headloss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20friction%20factor" title=" hydraulic friction factor"> hydraulic friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manning%E2%80%99s%20n" title=" Manning’s n"> Manning’s n</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70867/hydraulic-headloss-in-plastic-drainage-pipes-at-full-and-partially-full-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Experimental Analysis of the Plate-on-Tube Evaporator on a Domestic Refrigerator’s Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mert%20Tosun">Mert Tosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tu%C4%9Fba%20Tosun"> Tuğba Tosun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evaporator is the utmost important component in the refrigeration system, since it enables the refrigerant to draw heat from the desired environment, i.e. the refrigerated space. Studies are being conducted on this component which generally affects the performance of the system, where energy efficient products are important. This study was designed to enhance the effectiveness of the evaporator in the refrigeration cycle of a domestic refrigerator by adjusting the capillary tube length, refrigerant amount, and the evaporator pipe diameter to reduce energy consumption. The experiments were conducted under identical thermal and ambient conditions. Experiment data were analysed using the Design of Experiment (DOE) technique which is a six-sigma method to determine effects of parameters. As a result, it has been determined that the most important parameters affecting the evaporator performance among the selected parameters are found to be the refrigerant amount and pipe diameter. It has been determined that the minimum energy consumption is 6-mm pipe diameter and 16-g refrigerant. It has also been noted that the overall consumption of the experiment sample decreased by 16.6% with respect to the reference system, which has 7-mm pipe diameter and 18-g refrigerant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title="heat exchanger">heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigerator" title=" refrigerator"> refrigerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiment" title=" design of experiment"> design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105362/experimental-analysis-of-the-plate-on-tube-evaporator-on-a-domestic-refrigerators-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Intelligent System of the Grinding Robot for Spiral Welded Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getachew%20Demeissie%20Ayalew">Getachew Demeissie Ayalew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongtao%20Sun"> Yongtao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yang"> Yang Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The spiral welded pipe manufacturing industry requires strict production standards for automated grinders for welding seams. However, traditional grinding machines in this sector are insufficient due to a lack of quality control protocols and inconsistent performance. This research aims to improve the quality of spiral welded pipes by developing intelligent automated abrasive belt grinding equipment. The system has equipped with six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) KUKA KR360 industrial robots, enabling concurrent grinding operations on both internal and external welds. The grinding robot control system is designed with a PLC, and a human-machine interface (HMI) system is employed for operations. The system includes an electric speed controller, data connection card, DC driver, analog amplifier, and HMI for input data. This control system enables the grinding of spiral welded pipe. It ensures consistent production quality and cost-effectiveness by reducing the product life cycle and minimizing risks in the working environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intelligent%20Systems" title="Intelligent Systems">Intelligent Systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spiral%20Welded%20Pipe" title=" Spiral Welded Pipe"> Spiral Welded Pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grinding" title=" Grinding"> Grinding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Industrial%20Robot" title=" Industrial Robot"> Industrial Robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=End-Effector" title=" End-Effector"> End-Effector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLC%20Controller%20System" title=" PLC Controller System"> PLC Controller System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%0D%0ALaser%20Sensor" title=" 3D Laser Sensor"> 3D Laser Sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMI." title=" HMI."> HMI.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175922/intelligent-system-of-the-grinding-robot-for-spiral-welded-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Estimation of Emanation Properties of Kimberlites and Host Rocks of Lomonosov Diamond Deposit in Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Yu.%20Yakovlev">E. Yu. Yakovlev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Puchkov"> A. V. Puchkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is devoted to experimental work on the assessment of emanation properties of kimberlites and host rocks of the Lomonosov diamond deposit of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province. The aim of the study is estimation the factors influencing on formation of the radon field over kimberlite pipes. For various types of rocks composing the kimberlite pipe and near-pipe space, the following parameters were measured: porosity, density, radium-226 activity, activity of free radon and emanation coefficient. The research results showed that the largest amount of free radon is produced by rocks of near-pipe space, which are the Vendian host deposits and are characterized by high values of the emanation coefficient, radium activity and porosity. The lowest values of these parameters are characteristic of vent-facies kimberlites, which limit the formation of activity of free radon in body of the pipe. The results of experimental work confirm the prospects of using emanation methods for prospecting of kimberlite pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emanation%20coefficient" title="emanation coefficient">emanation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kimberlites" title=" kimberlites"> kimberlites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20volumetric%20activity" title=" radon volumetric activity"> radon volumetric activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135448/estimation-of-emanation-properties-of-kimberlites-and-host-rocks-of-lomonosov-diamond-deposit-in-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Comparison of Particle Size for ɑ(Alpha) Fe2O3 and ɤ(Gamma)Fe2O3 on Heat Transfer Performance in an Copper Oscillating Heat Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Goshayeshi">Hamid Reza Goshayeshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of ɑ(alpha) Fe2O3 and ɤ(gamma)Fe2O3 particles on the heat transfer performance of an oscillating heat pipe was investigated experimentally. Kerosene was used as the base ﬂuid for the OHP. Six size particles with average diameters of 10 nm, 20 nm, and 30 nm ɑFe2O3 and ɤFe2O3 were investigated, respectively. Experimental results show that the ɤFe2O3 particles added in the OHP signiﬁcantly affect the heat transfer performance. When the OHP was charged with kerosene and 20 nm ɤ Fe2O3 particles, the OHP can achieve the best heat transfer performance among six particles investigated in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oscillating%20heat%20pipe" title="copper oscillating heat pipe">copper oscillating heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow" title=" flow"> flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison%20of%20%C9%91%28alpha%29Fe2O3%20and%20%C9%A4%28gamma%29Fe2O3" title=" comparison of ɑ(alpha)Fe2O3 and ɤ(gamma)Fe2O3"> comparison of ɑ(alpha)Fe2O3 and ɤ(gamma)Fe2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increase%20heat%20transfer" title=" increase heat transfer"> increase heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41818/comparison-of-particle-size-for-alpha-fe2o3-and-gammafe2o3-on-heat-transfer-performance-in-an-copper-oscillating-heat-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> An Investigation on Energy Absorption Capacity of a Composite Metal Foam Developed from Aluminum by Reinforcing with Cermet Hollow Spheres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisseha%20Zewdie">Fisseha Zewdie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naresh%20Bhatnagar"> Naresh Bhatnagar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lightweight and strong aluminum foam is developed by reinforcing Al-Si-Cu alloy (LM24) with Cermet Hollow Spheres (CHS) as porous creating agents. The foam samples were prepared by mixing the CHS in molten LM24 at 750°C, using gravity and stir casting. The CHSs were fabricated using a blend of silicon carbide and stainless-steel powders using the powder metallurgy technique. It was found that CHS reinforcement greatly enhances the performance of the composite metal foam, making it suitable for high impact loading applications such as crash protection and shock absorption. This study examined the strength, density, energy absorption and possible applications of the new aluminum foam. The results revealed that the LM24 foam reinforced with the CHS has the highest energy absorption of about 88 MJ/m3 among all categories of foam samples tested. Its density was found to be 1.3 g/cm3, while the strength, densification strains and porosity were 420 MPa, 34% and 70%, respectively. Besides, the matrix and reinforcement's microstructure, chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, HRTEM and related micrographic analyses are performed for characterization and verifications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20metal%20foam" title="composite metal foam">composite metal foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20spheres" title=" hollow spheres"> hollow spheres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20casting" title=" gravity casting"> gravity casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179310/an-investigation-on-energy-absorption-capacity-of-a-composite-metal-foam-developed-from-aluminum-by-reinforcing-with-cermet-hollow-spheres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Numerical Simulation of High Strength Steel Hot-Finished Elliptical Hollow Section Subjected to Uniaxial Eccentric Compression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengyi%20Kong">Zhengyi Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueqing%20Wang"> Xueqing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quang-Viet%20Vu"> Quang-Viet Vu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the structural behavior of high strength steel (HSS) hot-finished elliptical hollow section (EHS) subjected to uniaxial eccentric compression is investigated. A finite element method for predicting the cross-section resistance of HSS hot-finished EHS is developed using ABAQUS software, which is then verified by comparison with previous experiments. The validated finite element method is employed to carry out parametric studies for investigating the structural behavior of HSS hot-finished EHS under uniaxial eccentric compression and evaluate the current design guidance for HSS hot-finished EHS. Different parameters, such as the radius of the larger and smaller outer diameter of EHS, thickness of EHS, eccentricity, and material property, are considered. The resulting data from 84 finite element models are used to obtain the relationship between the cross-section resistance of HSS hot-finished EHS and cross-section slenderness. It is concluded that current design provisions, such as EN 1993-1-1, BS 5950-1, AS4100, and Gardner et al., are conservative for predicting the HSS hot-finished EHS under uniaxial eccentric compression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-finished" title="hot-finished">hot-finished</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20hollow%20section" title=" elliptical hollow section"> elliptical hollow section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniaxial%20eccentric%20compression" title=" uniaxial eccentric compression"> uniaxial eccentric compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129596/numerical-simulation-of-high-strength-steel-hot-finished-elliptical-hollow-section-subjected-to-uniaxial-eccentric-compression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Nano Composite Pipe with PZT Layers Subjected to Moving Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Raminnia">Morteza Raminnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, dynamic analysis of functionally graded nano-composite pipe reinforced by single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs) with simply supported boundary condition subjected to moving mechanical loads is investigated. The material properties of functionally graded carbon nano tube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction and are estimated through a micro-mechanical model. In this paper polymeric matrix considered as isotropic material and for the CNTRC, uniform distribution (UD) and three types of FG distribution patterns of SWCNT reinforcements are considered. The system equation of motion is derived by using Hamilton's principle under the assumptions of first order shear deformation theory (FSDT).The thin piezoelectric layers embedded on inner and outer surfaces of FG-CNTRC layer are acted as distributed sensor and actuator to control dynamic characteristics of the FG-CNTRC laminated pipe. The modal analysis technique and Newmark's integration method are used to calculate the displacement and dynamic stress of the pipe subjected to moving loads. The effects of various material distribution and velocity of moving loads on dynamic behavior of the pipe is presented. This present approach is validated by comparing the numerical results with the published numerical results in literature. The results show that the above-mentioned effects play very important role on dynamic behavior of the pipe .This present work shows that some meaningful results that which are interest to scientific and engineering community in the field of FGM nano-structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-composite" title="nano-composite">nano-composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20garded%20material" title=" functionally garded material"> functionally garded material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20load" title=" moving load"> moving load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control" title=" active control"> active control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PZT%20layers" title=" PZT layers"> PZT layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29642/dynamic-analysis-of-functionally-graded-nano-composite-pipe-with-pzt-layers-subjected-to-moving-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Estimation of Implicit Colebrook White Equation by Preferable Explicit Approximations in the Practical Turbulent Pipe Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itissam%20Abuiziah">Itissam Abuiziah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In several hydraulic systems, it is necessary to calculate the head losses which depend on the resistance flow friction factor in Darcy equation. Computing the resistance friction is based on implicit Colebrook-White equation which is considered as the standard for the friction calculation, but it needs high computational cost, therefore; several explicit approximation methods are used for solving an implicit equation to overcome this issue. It follows that the relative error is used to determine the most accurate method among the approximated used ones. Steel, cast iron and polyethylene pipe materials investigated with practical diameters ranged from 0.1m to 2.5m and velocities between 0.6m/s to 3m/s. In short, the results obtained show that the suitable method for some cases may not be accurate for other cases. For example, when using steel pipe materials, Zigrang and Silvester's method has revealed as the most precise in terms of low velocities 0.6 m/s to 1.3m/s. Comparatively, Halland method showed a less relative error with the gradual increase in velocity. Accordingly, the simulation results of this study might be employed by the hydraulic engineers, so they can take advantage to decide which is the most applicable method according to their practical pipe system expectations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colebrook%E2%80%93White" title="Colebrook–White">Colebrook–White</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explicit%20equation" title=" explicit equation"> explicit equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title=" friction factor"> friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20resistance" title=" hydraulic resistance"> hydraulic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20equation" title=" implicit equation"> implicit equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20numbers" title=" Reynolds numbers"> Reynolds numbers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93913/estimation-of-implicit-colebrook-white-equation-by-preferable-explicit-approximations-in-the-practical-turbulent-pipe-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Evaluation and Control of Cracking for Bending Rein-forced One-way Concrete Voided Slab with Plastic Hollow Inserts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindaugas%20Zavalis">Mindaugas Zavalis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of experimental tests data of bending one-way reinforced concrete slabs from various articles of science revealed that voided slabs with a grid of hollow plastic inserts inside have smaller mechani-cal and physical parameters compared to continuous cross-section slabs (solid slabs). The negative influence of a reinforced concrete slab is impacted by hollow plastic inserts, which make a grid of voids in the middle of the cross-sectional area of the reinforced concrete slab. A formed grid of voids reduces the slab’s stiffness, which influences the slab’s parameters of serviceability, like deflection and cracking. Prima-ry investigation of data established during experiments illustrates that cracks occur faster in the tensile surface of the voided slab under bend-ing compared to bending solid slab. It means that the crack bending moment force for the voided slab is smaller than the solid slab and the reduction can variate in the range of 14 – 40 %. Reduce of resistance to cracking can be controlled by changing a lot of factors: the shape of the plastic hallow insert, plastic insert height, steps between plastic in-serts, usage of prestressed reinforcement, the diameter of reinforcement bar, slab effective depth, the bottom cover thickness of concrete, effec-tive cross-section of the concrete area about reinforcement and etc. Mentioned parameters are used to evaluate crack width and step of cracking, but existing analytical calculation methods for cracking eval-uation of voided slab with plastic inserts are not so exact and the re-sults of cracking evaluation in this paper are higher than the results of analyzed experiments. Therefore, it was made analytically calculations according to experimental bending tests of voided reinforced concrete slabs with hollow plastic inserts to find and propose corrections for the evaluation of cracking for reinforced concrete voided slabs with hollow plastic inserts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voided%20slab" title="voided slab">voided slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hallow%20plastic%20insert" title=" hallow plastic insert"> hallow plastic insert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-way%20reinforced%20concrete" title=" one-way reinforced concrete"> one-way reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serviceability" title=" serviceability"> serviceability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168434/evaluation-and-control-of-cracking-for-bending-rein-forced-one-way-concrete-voided-slab-with-plastic-hollow-inserts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Surge Analysis of Water Transmission Mains in Una, Himachal Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baldev%20Setia">Baldev Setia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Rajeshwari"> Raj Rajeshwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present paper is an analysis of water transmission mains failed due to surge analysis by using basic software known as Surge Analysis Program (SAP). It is a real time failure case study of a pipe laid in Una, Himachal Pradesh. The transmission main is a 13 kilometer long pipe with 7.9 kilometers as pumping main and 5.1 kilometers as gravitational main. The analysis deals with mainly pumping mains. The results are available in two text files. Besides, several files are prepared with specific view to obtain results in a graphical form. These results help to observe the pressure difference and surge occurrence at different locations along the pipe profile, which help to redesign the transmission main with different but suitable safety measures against possible surge. A technically viable and economically feasible design has been provided as per the relevant manual and standard code of practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surge" title="surge">surge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20hammer" title=" water hammer"> water hammer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20mains" title=" transmission mains"> transmission mains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAP%202000" title=" SAP 2000"> SAP 2000</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6482/surge-analysis-of-water-transmission-mains-in-una-himachal-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Surge Analysis of Water Transmission Mains in Una, Himachal Pradesh (India)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baldev%20Setia">Baldev Setia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Rajeshwari"> Raj Rajeshwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present paper is an analysis of water transmission mains failed due to surge analysis by using basic software known as Surge Analysis Program (SAP). It is a real time failure case study of a pipe laid in Una, Himachal Pradesh. The transmission main is a 13 kilometres long pipe with 7.9 kilometres as pumping main and 5.1 kilometres as gravitational main. The analysis deals with mainly pumping mains. The results are available in two text files. Besides, several files are prepared with specific view to obtain results in a graphical form. These results help to observe the pressure difference and surge occurrence at different locations along the pipe profile, which help to redesign the transmission main with different but suitable safety measures against possible surge. A technically viable and economically feasible design has been provided as per the relevant manual and standard code of practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surge" title="surge">surge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20hammer" title=" water hammer"> water hammer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20mains" title=" transmission mains"> transmission mains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAP%202000" title=" SAP 2000"> SAP 2000</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6736/surge-analysis-of-water-transmission-mains-in-una-himachal-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=18">18</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=19">19</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20pipe&page=5" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> 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