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href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/counter-drone-technology-to-shield-critical-infrastructure/ - https://d-fendsolutions.com/?p=34335;source=LinkedIn" title="Share on LinkedIn!" ><div class="svg"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.534" height="17.444" viewBox="0 0 17.534 17.444"><g id="Group_36521" data-name="Group 36521" transform="translate(9546.457 11665.572)"> <path id="Path_48" data-name="Path 48" d="M19.546,26.282H16V15c2.251-.588,3.227-.378,3.6.687a11.573,11.573,0,0,1,2.51-1.145c2.868-.548,4.552.727,5.04,3.655a8.545,8.545,0,0,1,.139,1.335v6.7H23.629V20.286c-.08-1.872-.667-2.649-1.992-2.639s-2.052.886-2.1,2.729S19.546,24.26,19.546,26.282Z" transform="translate(-9556.207 -11674.41)" fill="#00aff0"/> <path id="Path_49" data-name="Path 49" d="M10.08,14.83h3.486V26.274H10.08Z" transform="translate(-9556.183 -11674.411)" fill="#00aff0"/> <path id="Path_50" data-name="Path 50" d="M11.831,13.093a2.052,2.052,0,0,1-2.1-2.052,2.082,2.082,0,1,1,4.153,0,1.992,1.992,0,0,1-2.052,2.052Z" transform="translate(-9556.182 -11674.388)" fill="#00aff0"/> </g></svg></div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The commercial drone industry has revolutionized efficiency and safety across numerous sectors. However, this versatility also presents a growing concern: the potential misuse of drones by both careless and nefarious operators to either target or disrupt critical infrastructure is a real threat. To counter this evolving threat, robust counter-drone technology has emerged as a crucial layer of security.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">So, how can this technology fortify critical infrastructure security and safeguard essential operations?</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Role of Counter-Drone Technology in Protecting Critical Infrastructure</span></h2> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-34357" src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-1024x686.jpg" alt="The Role of Counter-Drone Technology in Protecting Critical Infrastructure" width="800" height="536" srcset="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-300x201.jpg 300w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-768x514.jpg 768w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-1536x1028.jpg 1536w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/grianghraf-QKwdB78pebo-unsplash-2048x1371.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In safeguarding critical infrastructure, counter-drone technology has the potential to become an invaluable tool, offering robust defense against diverse threats posed by unauthorized and malicious drone activities. These threats can be multifaceted, ranging from disrupting essential services and causing physical damage to compromising sensitive information. By integrating advanced </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/anti-drone-detection/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">detection</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, identification, and </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/cuas-mitigation/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">mitigation </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">systems, this counter-drone technology can establish a formidable shield against these potential disruptions and damages.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As airspace becomes more congested and drone applications more diverse, the ability to swiftly detect, accurately identify, and effectively mitigate threats becomes paramount for the protection of critical infrastructure. Even more critical is the requirement to distinguish between truly threatening drones versus those being legitimately employed in and around the sites by authorized operators. Advanced counter-drone measures enhance operational security, safeguarding continuity, and integrity amidst escalating aerial threats. Effective counter-drone technology must also be agile and adaptable, enhancing resilience against an evolving threat landscape.</span></p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Addressing Specific Threats with Targeted Countermeasures</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Against Terrorism</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Commercially available drones can be easily used by nefarious operators to gather information on security within establishments, tracking security patrol movements and identifying alarm systems. Drones repurposed for malicious intent and equipped with destructive payloads pose a significant threat to critical infrastructure. Readily available drones can too easily be transformed into instruments of terrorism or sabotage. Even seemingly small attacks can disrupt essential services and endanger public safety. Damage to a power grid can cause widespread blackouts, crippling communication networks and leaving households without electricity. Similarly, a strike on a water treatment plant could contaminate water supplies, triggering public health crises. Such attacks would not only compromise the physical integrity of structures but also endanger the security and well-being of the communities they serve.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In such cases, counter-drone systems are urgently needed to neutralize threats before they can reach their targets. Non-kinetic systems, for example, utilize a combination of radio frequency, advanced sensors, RF technology, and AI to identify threats from a distance. They analyze unique identifiers such as the drone’s make, model, serial number, and other factors allowing for accurate differentiation between authorized and unauthorized drones. Upon detection, these systems can take control of the drone, guiding it to a safe landing zone. Such systems could be vital in sensitive environments like those related to critical infrastructure, where safety and precision are crucial.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Preventing Espionage</span></h3> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-34350" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20534'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Preventing Espionage" width="800" height="534" data-lazy-srcset="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash.jpg 1920w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1024x683.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-34350" src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1024x683.jpg" alt="Preventing Espionage" width="800" height="534" srcset="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-300x200.jpg 300w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/clem-onojeghuo-CUxiorKbU20-unsplash.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></noscript></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drones, possessing the ability to hover unnoticed and maneuver at various altitudes, serve as adept tools for data collection. Enhanced by features like high-resolution cameras, thermal imaging, and other sensing technologies, they can capture detailed visual and structural data from even heavily secured areas. While these capabilities make drones valuable tools for many applications, they also raise serious concerns about security. The potential for drones to infiltrate sensitive zones and gather confidential information poses significant risks to the security of critical infrastructure. The growing sophistication of drone technology, including miniaturization that makes them even harder to detect, necessitates a robust counter-drone strategy to protect critical infrastructure, sensitive environments, and national interests.</span></p> <p><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/cyber-centric-cuas-as-first-step-of-multilayer-defense/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cyber-centric counter-drone technology,</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> equipped with high-precision tracking capabilities, can play a pivotal role in addressing the espionage threat from drones. By taking control of the communication channels with the drone, these systems have the capacity to effectively mitigate such activities. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Furthermore, some counter-drone systems possess the capability to quickly determine its source or take-off location, facilitating swift law enforcement action to identify and apprehend perpetrators engaged in unauthorized activities, when allowed by local law and regulations.</span></p> <h3><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reducing Accidental Disruptions</span></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Drones that erroneously deviate from their intended course or lack proper control pose significant risks, particularly if they were to collide with critical infrastructure like telecommunications towers, electrical substations, or aircraft. These collisions can result in immediate physical damage and could potentially lead to widespread service disruptions, affecting communications, power distribution, and transportation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The risk of such incidents is even more acute in densely populated </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/c-uas-in-urban-environments-challenges-opportunities/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">urban environments</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or heavily industrialized areas where airspace congestion and critical infrastructure co-exist. Misguided drones may inadvertently collide with vital assets due to factors like operator error or technical malfunctions.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In such scenarios, kinetic counter-drone methods may be inappropriate and/or otherwise not allowed since they may potentially exacerbate accidents and disruptions, such as debris fallout or interruptions to authorized activities. Hence, the adoption of </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/drone-mitigation-technology-a-new-approach/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">drone mitigation technology</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that does not contribute to the </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/need-to-deploy-low-collateral-counter-uas-solutions/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">collateral damage risk</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, as well as managing unauthorized drones without compromising the surrounding environment or public safety is imperative.</span></p> <h3>Holdbacks</h3> <p>The threats to critical infrastructure from nefarious drones have been amplified over the last few years and innovative technologies, such as non-kinetic, RF sensor based types of systems are developing to meet this threat. Policy makers are starting to gradually adopt regulations to evolve such that those tasked with the protection of these sites can acquire and effectively use non-kinetic, RF Cyber solutions to keep these facilities and structures safe and secure. For critical infrastructure to remain safe and secure, regulations should adapt to put the tools into the hands of those tasked with keeping not only the physical sites, but the skies over them safe and secure from terrorist threats.</p> <h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">Look to the Future by Learning from the Past</span></h2> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-34343" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20573'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Look to the Future by Learning from the Past" width="800" height="573" data-lazy-srcset="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1024x733.jpg 1024w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-300x215.jpg 300w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-768x550.jpg 768w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1536x1100.jpg 1536w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash.jpg 1920w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1024x733.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-34343" src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1024x733.jpg" alt="Look to the Future by Learning from the Past" width="800" height="573" srcset="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1024x733.jpg 1024w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-300x215.jpg 300w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-768x550.jpg 768w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash-1536x1100.jpg 1536w, https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/obi-pixel8propix-XDBRGiRYE-I-unsplash.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></noscript></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As drone technology swiftly advances, examining past incidents is key to foreseeing upcoming challenges and seizing new opportunities. Past drone mishaps have highlighted weaknesses in the security of vital facilities, leading to necessary enhancements. By looking at these historical trends, we can predict potential threats. Such insights are crucial for creating strong defense strategies and encouraging safe drone operations.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The real-life incidents gathered in this updated </span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/drone-incident-tracker/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">drone incident tracker</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are useful to consider when refining readiness and response strategies. Data can be sorted by date, location, and sector, such as that for</span><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/drone-incident-tracker/?from_date=20210101&until_date=20240602&sector=Critical%20Facilities%20and%20Infrastructure"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Critical Facilities and Infrastructure</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> </div> <div class="author"> <div class="image"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Dave_Beatty-removebg-preview-removebg-preview-modified-2-150x150.png"/><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Dave_Beatty-removebg-preview-removebg-preview-modified-2-150x150.png"/></noscript></div> <div class="text">David Beatty, D-Fend Solutions' Director of Sales for Canada, is a retired Canadian Military veteran with over 35 years of operational experience in UAS and Counter-UAS. During his service, Dave obtained extensive experience with ground-based robotics, loitering munitions, drones, and other UAS. He also has a robust background in C-UAS, specializing in defending against rogue drones on the battlefield and in other environments.</div> </div> </div> <div class="section-blog-sidebar"> <div class="sidebar-search padding-top"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://d-fendsolutions.com/"> <input type="text" class="field" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search..."> <input type="hidden" name="post_type" value="post"> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" value=""> </form> </div> <div class="aside-box bordered-aside-box"> <h3 class="widget-title"><img class="envelope-subscribe" src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/themes/dfend-th2/img/envelope.svg" ?>Subscribe to email updates</h3> <p class="widget-subtitle"> Sign up here to receive the latest news, upcoming events, webinars and industry best practice resources</p> <script charset="utf-8" type="text/javascript" src="//js.hsforms.net/forms/embed/v2.js"></script> <script> hbspt.forms.create({ region: "na1", portalId: "8265804", formId: "02599fbf-61f6-4e07-bc0c-255319ce1db1", css: ' ', cssClass: '#ahubspot', }); </script> </div><div class="aside-box"> <p><strong>Most popular</strong></p> <div class="blog-most-popular"> <div class="row" data-view-count="2595"> <div class="image"><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/d-fend-solutions-win-at-intersec-2024-in-dubai/"><div class="background-image"><img class="lazyload" data-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/FCT20707-1.jpg" alt="EnforceAir2 conference"/></div></a></div> <div class="text"> <strong><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/d-fend-solutions-win-at-intersec-2024-in-dubai/">Triumphant at Intersec 2024: A Repeat Celebration and ...</a></strong> <p>This year was the 25 th edition of Intersec , a ...</p> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-view-count="2511"> <div class="image"><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/d-fend-solutions-2024-sko/"><div class="background-image"><img class="lazyload" data-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/D-Fend21-e1706615147961.jpg" alt="D-Fend21"/></div></a></div> <div class="text"> <strong><a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/blog/d-fend-solutions-2024-sko/">D-Fend Solutions’ SKO: Conquer, Soar, and Roar in 2024</a></strong> <p> Conquer, Soar, and Roar! 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McArthur</strong></div> <div >Business Development Manager, US</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/dror-moshe/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Dror_Moshe-removebg-preview-150x150.png"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Dror_Moshe-removebg-preview-150x150.png" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">2</div> </a> <div><strong>Dror Moshe</strong></div> <div >Sales Director, Western Europe & LatAm</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/dannyrajan/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Danny-150x150.jpg"><noscript><img 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src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Eitan-Chinitz-150x150.png"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Eitan-Chinitz-150x150.png" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">1</div> </a> <div><strong>Eitan Chinitz</strong></div> <div >Pre Sales Specialist</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/sang-choi/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Sang-Circle-150x150.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Sang-Circle-150x150.jpg" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">1</div> </a> <div><strong>Sang Choi</strong></div> <div >Managing Director, South Korea Operations</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/simonforeman/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Simon-Foreman-150x150.png"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Simon-Foreman-150x150.png" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">1</div> </a> <div><strong>Simon Foreman</strong></div> <div >Commander Royal Navy (Retired), former Senior Weapon Engineer Officer</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/tomgilad/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Tom-Gilad-150x150.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Tom-Gilad-150x150.jpg" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">1</div> </a> <div><strong>Tom 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src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Nevo_Alani_from_LI-removebg-preview-2-modified-150x150.png"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/Nevo_Alani_from_LI-removebg-preview-2-modified-150x150.png" alt=""></noscript> <div class="post-count">1</div> </a> <div><strong>Nevo Alani</strong></div> <div >Drone Pilot Team Leader</div> </div> <div class="box"> <a href="https://d-fendsolutions.com/author/nathan-boudreau/"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Nathan_Boudreau-removebg-preview-modified-150x150.png"><noscript><img src="https://d-fendsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Nathan_Boudreau-removebg-preview-modified-150x150.png" alt=""></noscript> <div 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h){g=h,h=null}else{if(0>h||h>=f.slideCount){return !1}}f.unload(),"number"==typeof h?0===h&&0===f.$slides.length?d(a).appendTo(f.$slideTrack):g?d(a).insertBefore(f.$slides.eq(h)):d(a).insertAfter(f.$slides.eq(h)):g===!0?d(a).prependTo(f.$slideTrack):d(a).appendTo(f.$slideTrack),f.$slides=f.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide),f.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),f.$slideTrack.append(f.$slides),f.$slides.each(function(e,i){d(i).attr("data-slick-index",e)}),f.$slidesCache=f.$slides,f.reinit()},c.prototype.animateHeight=function(){var f=this;if(1===f.options.slidesToShow&&f.options.adaptiveHeight===!0&&f.options.vertical===!1){var e=f.$slides.eq(f.currentSlide).outerHeight(!0);f.$list.animate({height:e},f.options.speed)}},c.prototype.animateSlide=function(a,h){var g={},f=this;f.animateHeight(),f.options.rtl===!0&&f.options.vertical===!1&&(a=-a),f.transformsEnabled===!1?f.options.vertical===!1?f.$slideTrack.animate({left:a},f.options.speed,f.options.easing,h):f.$slideTrack.animate({top:a},f.options.speed,f.options.easing,h):f.cssTransitions===!1?(f.options.rtl===!0&&(f.currentLeft=-f.currentLeft),d({animStart:f.currentLeft}).animate({animStart:a},{duration:f.options.speed,easing:f.options.easing,step:function(b){b=Math.ceil(b),f.options.vertical===!1?(g[f.animType]="translate("+b+"px, 0px)",f.$slideTrack.css(g)):(g[f.animType]="translate(0px,"+b+"px)",f.$slideTrack.css(g))},complete:function(){h&&h.call()}})):(f.applyTransition(),a=Math.ceil(a),f.options.vertical===!1?g[f.animType]="translate3d("+a+"px, 0px, 0px)":g[f.animType]="translate3d(0px,"+a+"px, 0px)",f.$slideTrack.css(g),h&&setTimeout(function(){f.disableTransition(),h.call()},f.options.speed))},c.prototype.getNavTarget=function(){var a=this,e=a.options.asNavFor;return e&&null!==e&&(e=d(e).not(a.$slider)),e},c.prototype.asNavFor=function(a){var f=this,e=f.getNavTarget();null!==e&&"object"==typeof e&&e.each(function(){var b=d(this).slick("getSlick");b.unslicked||b.slideHandler(a,!0)})},c.prototype.applyTransition=function(f){var e=this,g={};e.options.fade===!1?g[e.transitionType]=e.transformType+" "+e.options.speed+"ms "+e.options.cssEase:g[e.transitionType]="opacity "+e.options.speed+"ms "+e.options.cssEase,e.options.fade===!1?e.$slideTrack.css(g):e.$slides.eq(f).css(g)},c.prototype.autoPlay=function(){var b=this;b.autoPlayClear(),b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&(b.autoPlayTimer=setInterval(b.autoPlayIterator,b.options.autoplaySpeed))},c.prototype.autoPlayClear=function(){var b=this;b.autoPlayTimer&&clearInterval(b.autoPlayTimer)},c.prototype.autoPlayIterator=function(){var f=this,e=f.currentSlide+f.options.slidesToScroll;f.paused||f.interrupted||f.focussed||(f.options.infinite===!1&&(1===f.direction&&f.currentSlide+1===f.slideCount-1?f.direction=0:0===f.direction&&(e=f.currentSlide-f.options.slidesToScroll,f.currentSlide-1===0&&(f.direction=1))),f.slideHandler(e))},c.prototype.buildArrows=function(){var a=this;a.options.arrows===!0&&(a.$prevArrow=d(a.options.prevArrow).addClass("slick-arrow"),a.$nextArrow=d(a.options.nextArrow).addClass("slick-arrow"),a.slideCount>a.options.slidesToShow?(a.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden tabindex"),a.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden tabindex"),a.htmlExpr.test(a.options.prevArrow)&&a.$prevArrow.prependTo(a.options.appendArrows),a.htmlExpr.test(a.options.nextArrow)&&a.$nextArrow.appendTo(a.options.appendArrows),a.options.infinite!==!0&&a.$prevArrow.addClass("slick-disabled").attr("aria-disabled","true")):a.$prevArrow.add(a.$nextArrow).addClass("slick-hidden").attr({"aria-disabled":"true",tabindex:"-1"}))},c.prototype.buildDots=function(){var f,e,a=this;if(a.options.dots===!0&&a.slideCount>a.options.slidesToShow){for(a.$slider.addClass("slick-dotted"),e=d("<ul />").addClass(a.options.dotsClass),f=0;f<=a.getDotCount();f+=1){e.append(d("<li />").append(a.options.customPaging.call(this,a,f)))}a.$dots=e.appendTo(a.options.appendDots),a.$dots.find("li").first().addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false")}},c.prototype.buildOut=function(){var a=this;a.$slides=a.$slider.children(a.options.slide+":not(.slick-cloned)").addClass("slick-slide"),a.slideCount=a.$slides.length,a.$slides.each(function(e,f){d(f).attr("data-slick-index",e).data("originalStyling",d(f).attr("style")||"")}),a.$slider.addClass("slick-slider"),a.$slideTrack=0===a.slideCount?d('<div class="slick-track"/>').appendTo(a.$slider):a.$slides.wrapAll('<div class="slick-track"/>').parent(),a.$list=a.$slideTrack.wrap('<div aria-live="polite" class="slick-list"/>').parent(),a.$slideTrack.css("opacity",0),(a.options.centerMode===!0||a.options.swipeToSlide===!0)&&(a.options.slidesToScroll=1),d("img[data-lazy]",a.$slider).not("[src]").addClass("slick-loading"),a.setupInfinite(),a.buildArrows(),a.buildDots(),a.updateDots(),a.setSlideClasses("number"==typeof a.currentSlide?a.currentSlide:0),a.options.draggable===!0&&a.$list.addClass("draggable")},c.prototype.buildRows=function(){var u,t,s,r,q,p,o,v=this;if(r=document.createDocumentFragment(),p=v.$slider.children(),v.options.rows>1){for(o=v.options.slidesPerRow*v.options.rows,q=Math.ceil(p.length/o),u=0;q>u;u++){var n=document.createElement("div");for(t=0;t<v.options.rows;t++){var m=document.createElement("div");for(s=0;s<v.options.slidesPerRow;s++){var l=u*o+(t*v.options.slidesPerRow+s);p.get(l)&&m.appendChild(p.get(l))}n.appendChild(m)}r.appendChild(n)}v.$slider.empty().append(r),v.$slider.children().children().children().css({width:100/v.options.slidesPerRow+"%",display:"inline-block"})}},c.prototype.checkResponsive=function(r,q){var o,n,m,p=this,l=!1,k=p.$slider.width(),a=window.innerWidth||d(window).width();if("window"===p.respondTo?m=a:"slider"===p.respondTo?m=k:"min"===p.respondTo&&(m=Math.min(a,k)),p.options.responsive&&p.options.responsive.length&&null!==p.options.responsive){n=null;for(o in p.breakpoints){p.breakpoints.hasOwnProperty(o)&&(p.originalSettings.mobileFirst===!1?m<p.breakpoints[o]&&(n=p.breakpoints[o]):m>p.breakpoints[o]&&(n=p.breakpoints[o]))}null!==n?null!==p.activeBreakpoint?(n!==p.activeBreakpoint||q)&&(p.activeBreakpoint=n,"unslick"===p.breakpointSettings[n]?p.unslick(n):(p.options=d.extend({},p.originalSettings,p.breakpointSettings[n]),r===!0&&(p.currentSlide=p.options.initialSlide),p.refresh(r)),l=n):(p.activeBreakpoint=n,"unslick"===p.breakpointSettings[n]?p.unslick(n):(p.options=d.extend({},p.originalSettings,p.breakpointSettings[n]),r===!0&&(p.currentSlide=p.options.initialSlide),p.refresh(r)),l=n):null!==p.activeBreakpoint&&(p.activeBreakpoint=null,p.options=p.originalSettings,r===!0&&(p.currentSlide=p.options.initialSlide),p.refresh(r),l=n),r||l===!1||p.$slider.trigger("breakpoint",[p,l])}},c.prototype.changeSlide=function(a,p){var m,l,k,o=this,n=d(a.currentTarget);switch(n.is("a")&&a.preventDefault(),n.is("li")||(n=n.closest("li")),k=o.slideCount%o.options.slidesToScroll!==0,m=k?0:(o.slideCount-o.currentSlide)%o.options.slidesToScroll,a.data.message){case"previous":l=0===m?o.options.slidesToScroll:o.options.slidesToShow-m,o.slideCount>o.options.slidesToShow&&o.slideHandler(o.currentSlide-l,!1,p);break;case"next":l=0===m?o.options.slidesToScroll:m,o.slideCount>o.options.slidesToShow&&o.slideHandler(o.currentSlide+l,!1,p);break;case"index":var j=0===a.data.index?0:a.data.index||n.index()*o.options.slidesToScroll;o.slideHandler(o.checkNavigable(j),!1,p),n.children().trigger("focus");break;default:return}},c.prototype.checkNavigable=function(g){var j,i,f=this;if(j=f.getNavigableIndexes(),i=0,g>j[j.length-1]){g=j[j.length-1]}else{for(var h in j){if(g<j[h]){g=i;break}i=j[h]}}return g},c.prototype.cleanUpEvents=function(){var a=this;a.options.dots&&null!==a.$dots&&d("li",a.$dots).off("click.slick",a.changeSlide).off("mouseenter.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!0)).off("mouseleave.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!1)),a.$slider.off("focus.slick blur.slick"),a.options.arrows===!0&&a.slideCount>a.options.slidesToShow&&(a.$prevArrow&&a.$prevArrow.off("click.slick",a.changeSlide),a.$nextArrow&&a.$nextArrow.off("click.slick",a.changeSlide)),a.$list.off("touchstart.slick mousedown.slick",a.swipeHandler),a.$list.off("touchmove.slick mousemove.slick",a.swipeHandler),a.$list.off("touchend.slick mouseup.slick",a.swipeHandler),a.$list.off("touchcancel.slick mouseleave.slick",a.swipeHandler),a.$list.off("click.slick",a.clickHandler),d(document).off(a.visibilityChange,a.visibility),a.cleanUpSlideEvents(),a.options.accessibility===!0&&a.$list.off("keydown.slick",a.keyHandler),a.options.focusOnSelect===!0&&d(a.$slideTrack).children().off("click.slick",a.selectHandler),d(window).off("orientationchange.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.orientationChange),d(window).off("resize.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.resize),d("[draggable!=true]",a.$slideTrack).off("dragstart",a.preventDefault),d(window).off("load.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.setPosition),d(document).off("ready.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.setPosition)},c.prototype.cleanUpSlideEvents=function(){var a=this;a.$list.off("mouseenter.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!0)),a.$list.off("mouseleave.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!1))},c.prototype.cleanUpRows=function(){var e,f=this;f.options.rows>1&&(e=f.$slides.children().children(),e.removeAttr("style"),f.$slider.empty().append(e))},c.prototype.clickHandler=function(f){var e=this;e.shouldClick===!1&&(f.stopImmediatePropagation(),f.stopPropagation(),f.preventDefault())},c.prototype.destroy=function(a){var e=this;e.autoPlayClear(),e.touchObject={},e.cleanUpEvents(),d(".slick-cloned",e.$slider).detach(),e.$dots&&e.$dots.remove(),e.$prevArrow&&e.$prevArrow.length&&(e.$prevArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled slick-arrow slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden aria-disabled tabindex").css("display",""),e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.prevArrow)&&e.$prevArrow.remove()),e.$nextArrow&&e.$nextArrow.length&&(e.$nextArrow.removeClass("slick-disabled slick-arrow slick-hidden").removeAttr("aria-hidden aria-disabled tabindex").css("display",""),e.htmlExpr.test(e.options.nextArrow)&&e.$nextArrow.remove()),e.$slides&&(e.$slides.removeClass("slick-slide slick-active slick-center slick-visible slick-current").removeAttr("aria-hidden").removeAttr("data-slick-index").each(function(){d(this).attr("style",d(this).data("originalStyling"))}),e.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),e.$slideTrack.detach(),e.$list.detach(),e.$slider.append(e.$slides)),e.cleanUpRows(),e.$slider.removeClass("slick-slider"),e.$slider.removeClass("slick-initialized"),e.$slider.removeClass("slick-dotted"),e.unslicked=!0,a||e.$slider.trigger("destroy",[e])},c.prototype.disableTransition=function(f){var e=this,g={};g[e.transitionType]="",e.options.fade===!1?e.$slideTrack.css(g):e.$slides.eq(f).css(g)},c.prototype.fadeSlide=function(f,e){var g=this;g.cssTransitions===!1?(g.$slides.eq(f).css({zIndex:g.options.zIndex}),g.$slides.eq(f).animate({opacity:1},g.options.speed,g.options.easing,e)):(g.applyTransition(f),g.$slides.eq(f).css({opacity:1,zIndex:g.options.zIndex}),e&&setTimeout(function(){g.disableTransition(f),e.call()},g.options.speed))},c.prototype.fadeSlideOut=function(f){var e=this;e.cssTransitions===!1?e.$slides.eq(f).animate({opacity:0,zIndex:e.options.zIndex-2},e.options.speed,e.options.easing):(e.applyTransition(f),e.$slides.eq(f).css({opacity:0,zIndex:e.options.zIndex-2}))},c.prototype.filterSlides=c.prototype.slickFilter=function(f){var e=this;null!==f&&(e.$slidesCache=e.$slides,e.unload(),e.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),e.$slidesCache.filter(f).appendTo(e.$slideTrack),e.reinit())},c.prototype.focusHandler=function(){var a=this;a.$slider.off("focus.slick blur.slick").on("focus.slick blur.slick","*:not(.slick-arrow)",function(e){e.stopImmediatePropagation();var b=d(this);setTimeout(function(){a.options.pauseOnFocus&&(a.focussed=b.is(":focus"),a.autoPlay())},0)})},c.prototype.getCurrent=c.prototype.slickCurrentSlide=function(){var b=this;return b.currentSlide},c.prototype.getDotCount=function(){var f=this,e=0,h=0,g=0;if(f.options.infinite===!0){for(;e<f.slideCount;){++g,e=h+f.options.slidesToScroll,h+=f.options.slidesToScroll<=f.options.slidesToShow?f.options.slidesToScroll:f.options.slidesToShow}}else{if(f.options.centerMode===!0){g=f.slideCount}else{if(f.options.asNavFor){for(;e<f.slideCount;){++g,e=h+f.options.slidesToScroll,h+=f.options.slidesToScroll<=f.options.slidesToShow?f.options.slidesToScroll:f.options.slidesToShow}}else{g=1+Math.ceil((f.slideCount-f.options.slidesToShow)/f.options.slidesToScroll)}}}return g-1},c.prototype.getLeft=function(h){var l,k,i,g=this,j=0;return g.slideOffset=0,k=g.$slides.first().outerHeight(!0),g.options.infinite===!0?(g.slideCount>g.options.slidesToShow&&(g.slideOffset=g.slideWidth*g.options.slidesToShow*-1,j=k*g.options.slidesToShow*-1),g.slideCount%g.options.slidesToScroll!==0&&h+g.options.slidesToScroll>g.slideCount&&g.slideCount>g.options.slidesToShow&&(h>g.slideCount?(g.slideOffset=(g.options.slidesToShow-(h-g.slideCount))*g.slideWidth*-1,j=(g.options.slidesToShow-(h-g.slideCount))*k*-1):(g.slideOffset=g.slideCount%g.options.slidesToScroll*g.slideWidth*-1,j=g.slideCount%g.options.slidesToScroll*k*-1))):h+g.options.slidesToShow>g.slideCount&&(g.slideOffset=(h+g.options.slidesToShow-g.slideCount)*g.slideWidth,j=(h+g.options.slidesToShow-g.slideCount)*k),g.slideCount<=g.options.slidesToShow&&(g.slideOffset=0,j=0),g.options.centerMode===!0&&g.options.infinite===!0?g.slideOffset+=g.slideWidth*Math.floor(g.options.slidesToShow/2)-g.slideWidth:g.options.centerMode===!0&&(g.slideOffset=0,g.slideOffset+=g.slideWidth*Math.floor(g.options.slidesToShow/2)),l=g.options.vertical===!1?h*g.slideWidth*-1+g.slideOffset:h*k*-1+j,g.options.variableWidth===!0&&(i=g.slideCount<=g.options.slidesToShow||g.options.infinite===!1?g.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(h):g.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(h+g.options.slidesToShow),l=g.options.rtl===!0?i[0]?-1*(g.$slideTrack.width()-i[0].offsetLeft-i.width()):0:i[0]?-1*i[0].offsetLeft:0,g.options.centerMode===!0&&(i=g.slideCount<=g.options.slidesToShow||g.options.infinite===!1?g.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(h):g.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").eq(h+g.options.slidesToShow+1),l=g.options.rtl===!0?i[0]?-1*(g.$slideTrack.width()-i[0].offsetLeft-i.width()):0:i[0]?-1*i[0].offsetLeft:0,l+=(g.$list.width()-i.outerWidth())/2)),l},c.prototype.getOption=c.prototype.slickGetOption=function(f){var e=this;return e.options[f]},c.prototype.getNavigableIndexes=function(){var h,g=this,f=0,j=0,i=[];for(g.options.infinite===!1?h=g.slideCount:(f=-1*g.options.slidesToScroll,j=-1*g.options.slidesToScroll,h=2*g.slideCount);h>f;){i.push(f),f=j+g.options.slidesToScroll,j+=g.options.slidesToScroll<=g.options.slidesToShow?g.options.slidesToScroll:g.options.slidesToShow}return i},c.prototype.getSlick=function(){return this},c.prototype.getSlideCount=function(){var h,g,f,a=this;return f=a.options.centerMode===!0?a.slideWidth*Math.floor(a.options.slidesToShow/2):0,a.options.swipeToSlide===!0?(a.$slideTrack.find(".slick-slide").each(function(e,b){return b.offsetLeft-f+d(b).outerWidth()/2>-1*a.swipeLeft?(g=b,!1):void 0}),h=Math.abs(d(g).attr("data-slick-index")-a.currentSlide)||1):a.options.slidesToScroll},c.prototype.goTo=c.prototype.slickGoTo=function(f,e){var g=this;g.changeSlide({data:{message:"index",index:parseInt(f)}},e)},c.prototype.init=function(a){var e=this;d(e.$slider).hasClass("slick-initialized")||(d(e.$slider).addClass("slick-initialized"),e.buildRows(),e.buildOut(),e.setProps(),e.startLoad(),e.loadSlider(),e.initializeEvents(),e.updateArrows(),e.updateDots(),e.checkResponsive(!0),e.focusHandler()),a&&e.$slider.trigger("init",[e]),e.options.accessibility===!0&&e.initADA(),e.options.autoplay&&(e.paused=!1,e.autoPlay())},c.prototype.initADA=function(){var a=this;a.$slides.add(a.$slideTrack.find(".slick-cloned")).attr({"aria-hidden":"true",tabindex:"-1"}).find("a, input, button, select").attr({tabindex:"-1"}),a.$slideTrack.attr("role","listbox"),a.$slides.not(a.$slideTrack.find(".slick-cloned")).each(function(b){d(this).attr({role:"option","aria-describedby":"slick-slide"+a.instanceUid+b})}),null!==a.$dots&&a.$dots.attr("role","tablist").find("li").each(function(b){d(this).attr({role:"presentation","aria-selected":"false","aria-controls":"navigation"+a.instanceUid+b,id:"slick-slide"+a.instanceUid+b})}).first().attr("aria-selected","true").end().find("button").attr("role","button").end().closest("div").attr("role","toolbar"),a.activateADA()},c.prototype.initArrowEvents=function(){var b=this;b.options.arrows===!0&&b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&(b.$prevArrow.off("click.slick").on("click.slick",{message:"previous"},b.changeSlide),b.$nextArrow.off("click.slick").on("click.slick",{message:"next"},b.changeSlide))},c.prototype.initDotEvents=function(){var a=this;a.options.dots===!0&&a.slideCount>a.options.slidesToShow&&d("li",a.$dots).on("click.slick",{message:"index"},a.changeSlide),a.options.dots===!0&&a.options.pauseOnDotsHover===!0&&d("li",a.$dots).on("mouseenter.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!0)).on("mouseleave.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!1))},c.prototype.initSlideEvents=function(){var a=this;a.options.pauseOnHover&&(a.$list.on("mouseenter.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!0)),a.$list.on("mouseleave.slick",d.proxy(a.interrupt,a,!1)))},c.prototype.initializeEvents=function(){var a=this;a.initArrowEvents(),a.initDotEvents(),a.initSlideEvents(),a.$list.on("touchstart.slick mousedown.slick",{action:"start"},a.swipeHandler),a.$list.on("touchmove.slick mousemove.slick",{action:"move"},a.swipeHandler),a.$list.on("touchend.slick mouseup.slick",{action:"end"},a.swipeHandler),a.$list.on("touchcancel.slick mouseleave.slick",{action:"end"},a.swipeHandler),a.$list.on("click.slick",a.clickHandler),d(document).on(a.visibilityChange,d.proxy(a.visibility,a)),a.options.accessibility===!0&&a.$list.on("keydown.slick",a.keyHandler),a.options.focusOnSelect===!0&&d(a.$slideTrack).children().on("click.slick",a.selectHandler),d(window).on("orientationchange.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,d.proxy(a.orientationChange,a)),d(window).on("resize.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,d.proxy(a.resize,a)),d("[draggable!=true]",a.$slideTrack).on("dragstart",a.preventDefault),d(window).on("load.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.setPosition),d(document).on("ready.slick.slick-"+a.instanceUid,a.setPosition)},c.prototype.initUI=function(){var b=this;b.options.arrows===!0&&b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&(b.$prevArrow.show(),b.$nextArrow.show()),b.options.dots===!0&&b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&b.$dots.show()},c.prototype.keyHandler=function(f){var e=this;f.target.tagName.match("TEXTAREA|INPUT|SELECT")||(37===f.keyCode&&e.options.accessibility===!0?e.changeSlide({data:{message:e.options.rtl===!0?"next":"previous"}}):39===f.keyCode&&e.options.accessibility===!0&&e.changeSlide({data:{message:e.options.rtl===!0?"previous":"next"}}))},c.prototype.lazyLoad=function(){function h(b){d("img[data-lazy]",b).each(function(){var m=d(this),g=d(this).attr("data-lazy"),f=document.createElement("img");f.onload=function(){m.animate({opacity:0},100,function(){m.attr("src",g).animate({opacity:1},200,function(){m.removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading")}),a.$slider.trigger("lazyLoaded",[a,m,g])})},f.onerror=function(){m.removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading").addClass("slick-lazyload-error"),a.$slider.trigger("lazyLoadError",[a,m,g])},f.src=g})}var l,k,j,i,a=this;a.options.centerMode===!0?a.options.infinite===!0?(j=a.currentSlide+(a.options.slidesToShow/2+1),i=j+a.options.slidesToShow+2):(j=Math.max(0,a.currentSlide-(a.options.slidesToShow/2+1)),i=2+(a.options.slidesToShow/2+1)+a.currentSlide):(j=a.options.infinite?a.options.slidesToShow+a.currentSlide:a.currentSlide,i=Math.ceil(j+a.options.slidesToShow),a.options.fade===!0&&(j>0&&j--,i<=a.slideCount&&i++)),l=a.$slider.find(".slick-slide").slice(j,i),h(l),a.slideCount<=a.options.slidesToShow?(k=a.$slider.find(".slick-slide"),h(k)):a.currentSlide>=a.slideCount-a.options.slidesToShow?(k=a.$slider.find(".slick-cloned").slice(0,a.options.slidesToShow),h(k)):0===a.currentSlide&&(k=a.$slider.find(".slick-cloned").slice(-1*a.options.slidesToShow),h(k))},c.prototype.loadSlider=function(){var b=this;b.setPosition(),b.$slideTrack.css({opacity:1}),b.$slider.removeClass("slick-loading"),b.initUI(),"progressive"===b.options.lazyLoad&&b.progressiveLazyLoad()},c.prototype.next=c.prototype.slickNext=function(){var b=this;b.changeSlide({data:{message:"next"}})},c.prototype.orientationChange=function(){var b=this;b.checkResponsive(),b.setPosition()},c.prototype.pause=c.prototype.slickPause=function(){var b=this;b.autoPlayClear(),b.paused=!0},c.prototype.play=c.prototype.slickPlay=function(){var b=this;b.autoPlay(),b.options.autoplay=!0,b.paused=!1,b.focussed=!1,b.interrupted=!1},c.prototype.postSlide=function(f){var e=this;e.unslicked||(e.$slider.trigger("afterChange",[e,f]),e.animating=!1,e.setPosition(),e.swipeLeft=null,e.options.autoplay&&e.autoPlay(),e.options.accessibility===!0&&e.initADA())},c.prototype.prev=c.prototype.slickPrev=function(){var b=this;b.changeSlide({data:{message:"previous"}})},c.prototype.preventDefault=function(b){b.preventDefault()},c.prototype.progressiveLazyLoad=function(a){a=a||1;var j,i,h,l=this,k=d("img[data-lazy]",l.$slider);k.length?(j=k.first(),i=j.attr("data-lazy"),h=document.createElement("img"),h.onload=function(){j.attr("src",i).removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading"),l.options.adaptiveHeight===!0&&l.setPosition(),l.$slider.trigger("lazyLoaded",[l,j,i]),l.progressiveLazyLoad()},h.onerror=function(){3>a?setTimeout(function(){l.progressiveLazyLoad(a+1)},500):(j.removeAttr("data-lazy").removeClass("slick-loading").addClass("slick-lazyload-error"),l.$slider.trigger("lazyLoadError",[l,j,i]),l.progressiveLazyLoad())},h.src=i):l.$slider.trigger("allImagesLoaded",[l])},c.prototype.refresh=function(a){var g,f,h=this;f=h.slideCount-h.options.slidesToShow,!h.options.infinite&&h.currentSlide>f&&(h.currentSlide=f),h.slideCount<=h.options.slidesToShow&&(h.currentSlide=0),g=h.currentSlide,h.destroy(!0),d.extend(h,h.initials,{currentSlide:g}),h.init(),a||h.changeSlide({data:{message:"index",index:g}},!1)},c.prototype.registerBreakpoints=function(){var j,i,h,a=this,g=a.options.responsive||null;if("array"===d.type(g)&&g.length){a.respondTo=a.options.respondTo||"window";for(j in g){if(h=a.breakpoints.length-1,i=g[j].breakpoint,g.hasOwnProperty(j)){for(;h>=0;){a.breakpoints[h]&&a.breakpoints[h]===i&&a.breakpoints.splice(h,1),h--}a.breakpoints.push(i),a.breakpointSettings[i]=g[j].settings}}a.breakpoints.sort(function(b,e){return a.options.mobileFirst?b-e:e-b})}},c.prototype.reinit=function(){var a=this;a.$slides=a.$slideTrack.children(a.options.slide).addClass("slick-slide"),a.slideCount=a.$slides.length,a.currentSlide>=a.slideCount&&0!==a.currentSlide&&(a.currentSlide=a.currentSlide-a.options.slidesToScroll),a.slideCount<=a.options.slidesToShow&&(a.currentSlide=0),a.registerBreakpoints(),a.setProps(),a.setupInfinite(),a.buildArrows(),a.updateArrows(),a.initArrowEvents(),a.buildDots(),a.updateDots(),a.initDotEvents(),a.cleanUpSlideEvents(),a.initSlideEvents(),a.checkResponsive(!1,!0),a.options.focusOnSelect===!0&&d(a.$slideTrack).children().on("click.slick",a.selectHandler),a.setSlideClasses("number"==typeof a.currentSlide?a.currentSlide:0),a.setPosition(),a.focusHandler(),a.paused=!a.options.autoplay,a.autoPlay(),a.$slider.trigger("reInit",[a])},c.prototype.resize=function(){var a=this;d(window).width()!==a.windowWidth&&(clearTimeout(a.windowDelay),a.windowDelay=window.setTimeout(function(){a.windowWidth=d(window).width(),a.checkResponsive(),a.unslicked||a.setPosition()},50))},c.prototype.removeSlide=c.prototype.slickRemove=function(f,e,h){var g=this;return"boolean"==typeof f?(e=f,f=e===!0?0:g.slideCount-1):f=e===!0?--f:f,g.slideCount<1||0>f||f>g.slideCount-1?!1:(g.unload(),h===!0?g.$slideTrack.children().remove():g.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).eq(f).remove(),g.$slides=g.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide),g.$slideTrack.children(this.options.slide).detach(),g.$slideTrack.append(g.$slides),g.$slidesCache=g.$slides,void g.reinit())},c.prototype.setCSS=function(g){var i,h,f=this,j={};f.options.rtl===!0&&(g=-g),i="left"==f.positionProp?Math.ceil(g)+"px":"0px",h="top"==f.positionProp?Math.ceil(g)+"px":"0px",j[f.positionProp]=g,f.transformsEnabled===!1?f.$slideTrack.css(j):(j={},f.cssTransitions===!1?(j[f.animType]="translate("+i+", "+h+")",f.$slideTrack.css(j)):(j[f.animType]="translate3d("+i+", "+h+", 0px)",f.$slideTrack.css(j)))},c.prototype.setDimensions=function(){var f=this;f.options.vertical===!1?f.options.centerMode===!0&&f.$list.css({padding:"0px "+f.options.centerPadding}):(f.$list.height(f.$slides.first().outerHeight(!0)*f.options.slidesToShow),f.options.centerMode===!0&&f.$list.css({padding:f.options.centerPadding+" 0px"})),f.listWidth=f.$list.width(),f.listHeight=f.$list.height(),f.options.vertical===!1&&f.options.variableWidth===!1?(f.slideWidth=Math.ceil(f.listWidth/f.options.slidesToShow),f.$slideTrack.width(Math.ceil(f.slideWidth*f.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").length))):f.options.variableWidth===!0?f.$slideTrack.width(5000*f.slideCount):(f.slideWidth=Math.ceil(f.listWidth),f.$slideTrack.height(Math.ceil(f.$slides.first().outerHeight(!0)*f.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").length)));var e=f.$slides.first().outerWidth(!0)-f.$slides.first().width();f.options.variableWidth===!1&&f.$slideTrack.children(".slick-slide").width(f.slideWidth-e)},c.prototype.setFade=function(){var e,a=this;a.$slides.each(function(f,b){e=a.slideWidth*f*-1,a.options.rtl===!0?d(b).css({position:"relative",right:e,top:0,zIndex:a.options.zIndex-2,opacity:0}):d(b).css({position:"relative",left:e,top:0,zIndex:a.options.zIndex-2,opacity:0})}),a.$slides.eq(a.currentSlide).css({zIndex:a.options.zIndex-1,opacity:1})},c.prototype.setHeight=function(){var f=this;if(1===f.options.slidesToShow&&f.options.adaptiveHeight===!0&&f.options.vertical===!1){var e=f.$slides.eq(f.currentSlide).outerHeight(!0);f.$list.css("height",e)}},c.prototype.setOption=c.prototype.slickSetOption=function(){var n,m,l,k,i,a=this,j=!1;if("object"===d.type(arguments[0])?(l=arguments[0],j=arguments[1],i="multiple"):"string"===d.type(arguments[0])&&(l=arguments[0],k=arguments[1],j=arguments[2],"responsive"===arguments[0]&&"array"===d.type(arguments[1])?i="responsive":"undefined"!=typeof arguments[1]&&(i="single")),"single"===i){a.options[l]=k}else{if("multiple"===i){d.each(l,function(b,e){a.options[b]=e})}else{if("responsive"===i){for(m in k){if("array"!==d.type(a.options.responsive)){a.options.responsive=[k[m]]}else{for(n=a.options.responsive.length-1;n>=0;){a.options.responsive[n].breakpoint===k[m].breakpoint&&a.options.responsive.splice(n,1),n--}a.options.responsive.push(k[m])}}}}}j&&(a.unload(),a.reinit())},c.prototype.setPosition=function(){var b=this;b.setDimensions(),b.setHeight(),b.options.fade===!1?b.setCSS(b.getLeft(b.currentSlide)):b.setFade(),b.$slider.trigger("setPosition",[b])},c.prototype.setProps=function(){var f=this,e=document.body.style;f.positionProp=f.options.vertical===!0?"top":"left","top"===f.positionProp?f.$slider.addClass("slick-vertical"):f.$slider.removeClass("slick-vertical"),(void 0!==e.WebkitTransition||void 0!==e.MozTransition||void 0!==e.msTransition)&&f.options.useCSS===!0&&(f.cssTransitions=!0),f.options.fade&&("number"==typeof f.options.zIndex?f.options.zIndex<3&&(f.options.zIndex=3):f.options.zIndex=f.defaults.zIndex),void 0!==e.OTransform&&(f.animType="OTransform",f.transformType="-o-transform",f.transitionType="OTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.webkitPerspective&&(f.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.MozTransform&&(f.animType="MozTransform",f.transformType="-moz-transform",f.transitionType="MozTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.MozPerspective&&(f.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.webkitTransform&&(f.animType="webkitTransform",f.transformType="-webkit-transform",f.transitionType="webkitTransition",void 0===e.perspectiveProperty&&void 0===e.webkitPerspective&&(f.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.msTransform&&(f.animType="msTransform",f.transformType="-ms-transform",f.transitionType="msTransition",void 0===e.msTransform&&(f.animType=!1)),void 0!==e.transform&&f.animType!==!1&&(f.animType="transform",f.transformType="transform",f.transitionType="transition"),f.transformsEnabled=f.options.useTransform&&null!==f.animType&&f.animType!==!1},c.prototype.setSlideClasses=function(h){var l,k,j,i,g=this;k=g.$slider.find(".slick-slide").removeClass("slick-active slick-center slick-current").attr("aria-hidden","true"),g.$slides.eq(h).addClass("slick-current"),g.options.centerMode===!0?(l=Math.floor(g.options.slidesToShow/2),g.options.infinite===!0&&(h>=l&&h<=g.slideCount-1-l?g.$slides.slice(h-l,h+l+1).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):(j=g.options.slidesToShow+h,k.slice(j-l+1,j+l+2).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false")),0===h?k.eq(k.length-1-g.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-center"):h===g.slideCount-1&&k.eq(g.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-center")),g.$slides.eq(h).addClass("slick-center")):h>=0&&h<=g.slideCount-g.options.slidesToShow?g.$slides.slice(h,h+g.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):k.length<=g.options.slidesToShow?k.addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):(i=g.slideCount%g.options.slidesToShow,j=g.options.infinite===!0?g.options.slidesToShow+h:h,g.options.slidesToShow==g.options.slidesToScroll&&g.slideCount-h<g.options.slidesToShow?k.slice(j-(g.options.slidesToShow-i),j+i).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false"):k.slice(j,j+g.options.slidesToShow).addClass("slick-active").attr("aria-hidden","false")),"ondemand"===g.options.lazyLoad&&g.lazyLoad()},c.prototype.setupInfinite=function(){var h,g,f,a=this;if(a.options.fade===!0&&(a.options.centerMode=!1),a.options.infinite===!0&&a.options.fade===!1&&(g=null,a.slideCount>a.options.slidesToShow)){for(f=a.options.centerMode===!0?a.options.slidesToShow+1:a.options.slidesToShow,h=a.slideCount;h>a.slideCount-f;h-=1){g=h-1,d(a.$slides[g]).clone(!0).attr("id","").attr("data-slick-index",g-a.slideCount).prependTo(a.$slideTrack).addClass("slick-cloned")}for(h=0;f>h;h+=1){g=h,d(a.$slides[g]).clone(!0).attr("id","").attr("data-slick-index",g+a.slideCount).appendTo(a.$slideTrack).addClass("slick-cloned")}a.$slideTrack.find(".slick-cloned").find("[id]").each(function(){d(this).attr("id","")})}},c.prototype.interrupt=function(f){var e=this;f||e.autoPlay(),e.interrupted=f},c.prototype.selectHandler=function(a){var h=this,g=d(a.target).is(".slick-slide")?d(a.target):d(a.target).parents(".slick-slide"),f=parseInt(g.attr("data-slick-index"));return f||(f=0),h.slideCount<=h.options.slidesToShow?(h.setSlideClasses(f),void h.asNavFor(f)):void h.slideHandler(f)},c.prototype.slideHandler=function(t,s,r){var q,p,o,n,k,m=null,l=this;return s=s||!1,l.animating===!0&&l.options.waitForAnimate===!0||l.options.fade===!0&&l.currentSlide===t||l.slideCount<=l.options.slidesToShow?void 0:(s===!1&&l.asNavFor(t),q=t,m=l.getLeft(q),n=l.getLeft(l.currentSlide),l.currentLeft=null===l.swipeLeft?n:l.swipeLeft,l.options.infinite===!1&&l.options.centerMode===!1&&(0>t||t>l.getDotCount()*l.options.slidesToScroll)?void (l.options.fade===!1&&(q=l.currentSlide,r!==!0?l.animateSlide(n,function(){l.postSlide(q)}):l.postSlide(q))):l.options.infinite===!1&&l.options.centerMode===!0&&(0>t||t>l.slideCount-l.options.slidesToScroll)?void (l.options.fade===!1&&(q=l.currentSlide,r!==!0?l.animateSlide(n,function(){l.postSlide(q)}):l.postSlide(q))):(l.options.autoplay&&clearInterval(l.autoPlayTimer),p=0>q?l.slideCount%l.options.slidesToScroll!==0?l.slideCount-l.slideCount%l.options.slidesToScroll:l.slideCount+q:q>=l.slideCount?l.slideCount%l.options.slidesToScroll!==0?0:q-l.slideCount:q,l.animating=!0,l.$slider.trigger("beforeChange",[l,l.currentSlide,p]),o=l.currentSlide,l.currentSlide=p,l.setSlideClasses(l.currentSlide),l.options.asNavFor&&(k=l.getNavTarget(),k=k.slick("getSlick"),k.slideCount<=k.options.slidesToShow&&k.setSlideClasses(l.currentSlide)),l.updateDots(),l.updateArrows(),l.options.fade===!0?(r!==!0?(l.fadeSlideOut(o),l.fadeSlide(p,function(){l.postSlide(p)})):l.postSlide(p),void l.animateHeight()):void (r!==!0?l.animateSlide(m,function(){l.postSlide(p)}):l.postSlide(p))))},c.prototype.startLoad=function(){var b=this;b.options.arrows===!0&&b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&(b.$prevArrow.hide(),b.$nextArrow.hide()),b.options.dots===!0&&b.slideCount>b.options.slidesToShow&&b.$dots.hide(),b.$slider.addClass("slick-loading")},c.prototype.swipeDirection=function(){var g,f,j,i,h=this;return g=h.touchObject.startX-h.touchObject.curX,f=h.touchObject.startY-h.touchObject.curY,j=Math.atan2(f,g),i=Math.round(180*j/Math.PI),0>i&&(i=360-Math.abs(i)),45>=i&&i>=0?h.options.rtl===!1?"left":"right":360>=i&&i>=315?h.options.rtl===!1?"left":"right":i>=135&&225>=i?h.options.rtl===!1?"right":"left":h.options.verticalSwiping===!0?i>=35&&135>=i?"down":"up":"vertical"},c.prototype.swipeEnd=function(f){var h,g,e=this;if(e.dragging=!1,e.interrupted=!1,e.shouldClick=e.touchObject.swipeLength>10?!1:!0,void 0===e.touchObject.curX){return !1}if(e.touchObject.edgeHit===!0&&e.$slider.trigger("edge",[e,e.swipeDirection()]),e.touchObject.swipeLength>=e.touchObject.minSwipe){switch(g=e.swipeDirection()){case"left":case"down":h=e.options.swipeToSlide?e.checkNavigable(e.currentSlide+e.getSlideCount()):e.currentSlide+e.getSlideCount(),e.currentDirection=0;break;case"right":case"up":h=e.options.swipeToSlide?e.checkNavigable(e.currentSlide-e.getSlideCount()):e.currentSlide-e.getSlideCount(),e.currentDirection=1}"vertical"!=g&&(e.slideHandler(h),e.touchObject={},e.$slider.trigger("swipe",[e,g]))}else{e.touchObject.startX!==e.touchObject.curX&&(e.slideHandler(e.currentSlide),e.touchObject={})}},c.prototype.swipeHandler=function(f){var e=this;if(!(e.options.swipe===!1||"ontouchend" in document&&e.options.swipe===!1||e.options.draggable===!1&&-1!==f.type.indexOf("mouse"))){switch(e.touchObject.fingerCount=f.originalEvent&&void 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