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field-field-related-images"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><div class="view view-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="view-content view-content-asset-image-scale-300x-captioned-thickbox"><div class="clear-block assets"><div class="asset first"><div class="view-field field-imagefile"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706094843/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2007_Chad_ChildSoldier.jpg" title="" class="thickbox" rel="gallery-image"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706094843im_/http://www.hrw.org/es/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2007_Chad_ChildSoldier.jpg" alt="2007_Chad_ChildSoldier.jpg"/></a></div><div class="view-field field-image-caption"><p>Miles de menores en Chad, tanto niños como niñas, han sido reclutados como soldados por todas las partes en conflicto.</p> </div><div class="view-field field-copyright">© 2007 Human Rights Watch</div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="pullquote"><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><p>La estrategia de Estados Unidos de limitarse a decirle a los países que dejen de usar niños soldados no está funcionando. Mientras sigan recibiendo ayuda militar de Estados Unidos, estos países tienen pocos incentivos para dejar de reclutar niños.</p> </div></div></div><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item">Jo Becker, defensora de los derechos del niño de Human Rights Watch</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Nueva York) - Estados Unidos debería suspender la ayuda militar a países que utilizan niños soldado, Human Rights Watch señaló hoy.</p> <p>El 27 de junio de 2011, el Departamento de Estado de EE UU publicó una <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706094843/http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2011/164224.htm#2">lista</a> de seis gobiernos que utilizan a niños soldados en violación de la legislación estadounidense adoptada en 2008: Birmania, Chad, la República Democrática del Congo (RDC), Somalia, Sudán y Yemen. Cinco de los países - excepto Birmania - reciben ayuda militar de Estados Unidos.</p> <p>"La estrategia de Estados Unidos de limitarse a decirle a los países que dejen de usar niños soldados no está funcionando", dijo Jo Becker, defensora de los derechos del niño de Human Rights Watch. "Mientras sigan recibiendo ayuda militar de Estados Unidos, estos países tienen pocos incentivos para dejar de reclutar niños".</p> <p>La Ley de Prevención de Niños Soldados de 2008 impide a los gobiernos que utilizan a niños soldados recibir de Estados Unidos ayuda militar extranjera, entrenamiento militar, y varios otros tipos de ayuda militar estadounidense. Los seis países identificados en el nuevo informe sobre la trata de personas para el uso de niños soldados de 2011 fueron incluidos en la lista del Departamento de Estado por primera vez en junio de 2010. En octubre, el presidente Barack Obama emitió dispensas de interés nacional para permitirle a Chad, RDC, Sudán y Yemen continuar recibiendo ayuda militar a pesar de su uso de niños soldados.</p> <p>Human Rights Watch instó al gobierno de Obama a no emitir exenciones generales a países que violan la Ley de Prevención de Niños Soldados a menos de que los gobiernos firmen acuerdos con la ONU para poner fin a la utilización de niños soldados y tomar medidas concretas para aplicar estos acuerdos.</p> <p>El gobierno sostiene que la ayuda militar que proporciona a Somalia es asistencia para el mantenimiento de la paz que no está cubierta por la ley. El 22 de junio, los senadores Richard Durbin, de Illinois, y John Boozman, de Arkansas, introdujeron una legislación que enmendaría la Ley de Prevención de Niños Soldados para prohibir la asistencia para operaciones de paz a los gobiernos de los países que reclutan y usan niños soldados.</p> <p>En la RDC, las fuerzas del gobierno reclutan activamente a niños y tienen cientos de menores en sus filas. El gobierno ha ascendido de rango a militares que han sido acusados - o incluso condenados - por el uso de niños soldados y el país se ha negado a cooperar con la ONU en la finalización de un plan para poner fin a su reclutamiento y utilización de niños soldados.</p> <p>En Sudán Meridional, que logrará la independencia de Sudán en julio, El Ejército de Liberación del Pueblo de Sudán ha seguido reclutando a niños, según informes fidedignos recibidos por Human Rights Watch. Tampoco ha implementado plenamente un acuerdo de 2009 para desmovilizar a todos los niños de sus filas.</p> <p>Las fuerzas del gobierno yemení han reclutado a niños de tan sólo 14 años y las milicias afiliadas al gobierno también han utilizado a niños como soldados.</p> <p>En Chad, un informe de febrero de 2011 emitido por el Secretario General de la ONU documentó el reclutamiento continuo de niños por el ejército de Chad, incluido el reclutamiento de niños refugiados sudaneses. El Gobierno firmó un acuerdo con la ONU el 14 de junio donde se compromete a poner fin a todo reclutamiento de menores, liberar a todos los niños de sus fuerzas militares y de seguridad, y permitir la supervisión de la ONU de sus instalaciones militares.</p> <p>El acuerdo de Chad es un paso positivo, pero el progreso en otros países ha sido muy lento, dijo Human Rights Watch.</p> <p>"El Congreso fue claro en su intención de que Estados Unidos no debe apoyar militarmente a los gobiernos que utilizan a niños soldados en sus fuerzas", dijo Becker. "El año pasado, el gobierno dio a estos países un pase. 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