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这个“就地过年”的春节，你幸福吗？—新闻—科学网
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font: 12px 宋体; float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <div id="content1" style=" padding:15px; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word;word-break:break-all" class="f14"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 这个“就地过年”的春节，你幸福吗？</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p style="text-align:center;"> </p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> </p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 2021年春节，“新冠肺炎疫情”打破了一直以来新春团聚的传统习俗，“就地过年”成为主流趋势。这个春节，没有回到家乡、“就地过年”的你，开心幸福吗？</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 近日，中国香港中文大学（深圳）教授贾建民、香港大学副教授贾轼、湖南工商大学副教授徐戈、清华大学博士生袁韵开展的全国性“春节幸福感与疫情应对”问卷调查显示：就地过年人群的幸福感虽略低于回家（异地）过年的<span style="text-indent: 2em;">，但两者相差并不大。总体上，今年春节，人们的幸福感比去年有较大幅度提升。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>“今年的幸福感大有提升”</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 春节期间，哪些因素影响了人们的幸福感？疫情时代如何保持幸福感？</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 为了寻求这些答案，研究团队在今年2月20日-23日期间，从全国247个城市的不同社会群体中收集到调查问卷3419份，主要以20-40岁的年轻人为主。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 调查显示, 今年就地过年的群体占37.26%，他们的春节幸福感平均值为5.16（１为最低，７为最高），略低于异地过年群体的得分5.32。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> “两者相差不大，都介于比较开心与开心之间，其中两个群体开心和很开心的人数占比分别为43.88％和48.07％。”贾建民告诉《中国科学报》。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 就地过年的人群中，70%以上的人表示是响应政府号召和因为疫情原因留下过年。在异地过年有出行的人群中，为探望父母和老人的占比为81.72％，探望其他亲朋好友的占67.93%，探望孩子和配偶的占21.91%，而旅游度假的只占5.92%。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 研究表明，总体上,今年春节人们的幸福感比去年有较大幅度提升，其平均值从3.68增加到5.26，不开心的人群占比从去年的36.33％降低为6.87%。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> “面对疫情，人们选择不同的生活方式，度过了一个幸福、平安的春节。”贾建民说。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>应对疫情方式有显著差别</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 新冠肺炎疫情仍是人们面临的主要威胁，调查发现，就地过年和异地过年的两个群体在感知威胁和压力不存在显著差别，但他们在疫情应对行为和生活方式上却存在显著差别。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 选择就地过年的群体他们有更多和更强的防护行为，包括外出戴口罩、保持社交距离、回家时清洁自己，以及更加倾向于待在家里。他们在外出就餐、朋友聚会、商店购物、看电影或演出、外出旅行等户外活动要显著低于异地过年的群体。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 两个群体在春节聚会方面也存在显著差别，异地过年的群体春节期间跟亲朋好友聚会的频率与去年相近（26.25%），而就地过年的群体春节聚会的频率要显著低于去年（53.62%）。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 调查分析显示，感知压力是春节幸福感的“最大杀手”，过去一年新冠疫情的大流行和持久的抗疫环境，给人们的心理造成了巨大压力，并会引发抑郁等各种心理疾病。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 贾建民解释，疫情感知风险对春节幸福感的影响，是通过增加感知压力来达成的。疫情感知风险，也会因为影响亲朋好友聚会来减少幸福感。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 而疫情防护行为，不但对春节幸福感产生直接的正面影响，还会通过减少感知压力来间接的提升幸福感。不过，防护行为高的群体会因为减少过年聚会对春节幸福感产生负面影响。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>牺牲小幸福 让团聚更珍贵</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 研究还发现，身体健康好、收入高的家庭，春节幸福感更高，感知压力更低，但年龄和文化程度对春节幸福感影响无显著差异。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 在疫情应对行为方面，女性、年龄大、身体状况良好、收入高的人群会采取更多的防护措施。做过核酸检测、经历过强制隔离的人群具有更高的春节幸福感。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 春节幸福感还存在地区差异，全国主要城市春节幸福感排列前5名是：青岛、长沙、合肥、济南和杭州。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 春节聚会最频繁的城市依次为：杭州、长沙、南昌、合肥、厦门、武汉。去年疫情爆发的中心武汉市，虽然其民众的春节幸福感还处于城市中的较低水平，但户外活动已经恢复到全国的较高水平。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 由于春节前河北突发疫情，石家庄市等地实施封城并全员检测，大量人群处于隔离状态，使其春节的幸福感在主要城市中处于最低水平，人们的风险感知也最高，采取的应对行为最多，其户外活动和春节聚会在所有城市中均处于最低水平。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 贾建民表示，面对严峻复杂的冬季疫情防控形势，为减少春节期间人员的大规模流动带来的疫情传播风险，全国多地先后倡议“就地过节”。许多民众积极响应号召，以牺牲“小我”顾及国泰民安的大局，减少了一些个人幸福感。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em;"> “就地过年”有效减轻了防控压力和春运压力，为疫情防控和社会安宁大局做出了贡献，这也会让大家对团聚和亲情倍感珍惜。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em;"> </p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; 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