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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gramatika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gramatika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gramatika subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gramatika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-emrat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#emrat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>emrat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-emrat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foljet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foljet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foljet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foljet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shembull_teksti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shembull_teksti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shembull teksti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shembull_teksti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shembuj_frazash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shembuj_frazash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shembuj frazash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shembuj_frazash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avestan_dhe_Sanskritisht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avestan_dhe_Sanskritisht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Avestan dhe Sanskritisht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avestan_dhe_Sanskritisht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Avestan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesties" title="Avesties – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Avesties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestische_Sprache" title="Avestische Sprache – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Avestische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_avestico" title="Idioma avestico – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma avestico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अवेस्तन भाषा – angikisht" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अवेस्तन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أوستية – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوستية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اوستيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوستيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আৱেস্তা ভাষা – asamezisht" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৱেস্তা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_av%C3%A9sticu" title="Idioma avésticu – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma avésticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesta_dili" title="Avesta dili – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avesta dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awestische_Sproch" title="Awestische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Awestische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Авестыйская мова – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авестыйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Авэстыйская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авэстыйская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Авестийски език – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авестийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="অবেস্তা ভাষা – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অবেস্তা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesteg" title="Avesteg – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avesteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C3%A8stic" title="Avèstic – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avèstic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Abestiko" title="Pinulongang Abestiko – sebuanisht" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Abestiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئاڤێستایی – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئاڤێستایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avest%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Avestánština – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Avestánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Авеста чĕлхи – çuvashisht" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авеста чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvashisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestisk_(sprog)" title="Avestisk (sprog) – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Avestisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestische_Sprache" title="Avestische Sprache – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Avestische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C4%B1stki" title="Ewıstki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ewıstki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αβεστική γλώσσα – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αβεστική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Avestan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesta_lingvo" title="Avesta lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Avesta lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_av%C3%A9stico" title="Idioma avéstico – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma avéstico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestera" title="Avestera – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Avestera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان اوستایی – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اوستایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_kieli" title="Avestan kieli – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avestan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestique" title="Avestique – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Avestique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Aiv%C3%A9istis" title="An Aivéistis – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Aivéistis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_av%C3%A9stica" title="Lingua avéstica – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua avéstica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אווסטית – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אווסטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अवस्ताई भाषा – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अवस्ताई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesti%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Avestički jezik – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Avestički jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesztai_nyelv" title="Avesztai nyelv – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Avesztai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ավեստերեն – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավեստերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Avesta" title="Bahasa Avesta – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Avesta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestana_linguo" title="Avestana linguo – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Avestana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avest%C3%ADska" title="Avestíska – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Avestíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_avestica" title="Lingua avestica – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua avestica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="アヴェスター語 – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アヴェスター語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ავესტური ენა – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ავესტური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Авесталық тіл – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авесталық тіл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="ភាសាអាវេស្តា – kmerisht" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាវេស្តា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ಅವೇಶ್ಟಿ – kanadisht" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅವೇಶ್ಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%96%B4" title="아베스타어 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아베스타어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_avestay%C3%AE" title="Zimanê avestayî – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê avestayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Авеста кыв – komisht" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Авеста кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Авеста тили – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Авеста тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Avestana" title="Lingua Avestana – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Avestana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_(lingua)" title="Avestan (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Avestan (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestos_kalba" title="Avestos kalba – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Avestos kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesta_(valoda)" title="Avesta (valoda) – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Avesta (valoda)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Авестиень кяль – mokshaisht" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Авестиень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokshaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_avestika" title="Fiteny avestika – madagaskarisht" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny avestika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagaskarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Авестиски јазик – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авестиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="അവെസ്താൻ ഭാഷ – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അവെസ്താൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अवेस्तन भाषा – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अवेस्तन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Avesta" title="Bahasa Avesta – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Avesta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اَویستاک زه‌وون – mazanderanisht" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اَویستاک زه‌وون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अवेस्ताली भाषा – nepalisht" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अवेस्ताली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अवेस्तन भाषा – neuarisht" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अवेस्तन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="neuarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestisch" title="Avestisch – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Avestisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestisk" title="Avestisk – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Avestisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestisk" title="Avestisk – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avestisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Авестæйы æвзаг – osetisht" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Авестæйы æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਵੇਸਤਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਵੇਸਤਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_awestyjski" title="Język awestyjski – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język awestyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C3%A9stich" title="Avéstich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Avéstich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اویستائی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اویستائی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اوستايي ژبه – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوستايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_av%C3%A9stica" title="Língua avéstica – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua avéstica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_avestic%C4%83" title="Limba avestică – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba avestică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Авестийский язык – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авестийский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestanski_jezik" title="Avestanski jezik – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Avestanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Авестански језик – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Авестански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestiska" title="Avestiska – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avestiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="அவெஸ்தான் மொழி – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அவெஸ்தான் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Забони авестоӣ – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони авестоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0" title="ภาษาอเวสตะ – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอเวสตะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awesta_dili" title="Awesta dili – turkmenisht" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Awesta dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Avestan" title="Wikang Avestan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Avestan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avest%C9%99_zyvon" title="Avestə zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Avestə zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestaca" title="Avestaca – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avestaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Авеста теле – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Авеста теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Авестійська мова – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авестійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اوستائی زبان – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوستائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Avesta" title="Tiếng Avesta – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Avesta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD" title="阿维斯陀语 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿维斯陀语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AA%9E" title="阿維斯陀語 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿維斯陀語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E6%96%87" title="阿維斯陀文 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿維斯陀文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Emërhapësira"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Shikoni përmbajtjen e atikullit. 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Avestan_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29572" title="Lidhje për te objekt depoje të dhënash i lidhur [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Objekt Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Nga Wikipedia, enciklopedia e lirë</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sq" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2594795">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Avestan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Rajoni</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Azia_Qendrore" title="Azia Qendrore">Azia Qendrore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Folës amtare</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Koha_e_Bronzit" title="Koha e Bronzit">Koha e Bronzit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koha_e_Hekurit" title="Koha e Hekurit">Koha e Hekurit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap">Familje gjuhësore</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-European languages (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuh%C3%ABt_Indo-Iraniane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuhët Indo-Iraniane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Indo-Iraniane</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuh%C3%ABt_Iraniane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuhët Iraniane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Iraniane</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Avestan</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Shkrimi" title="Shkrimi">Shkrimi</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2581005">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeti_avestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabeti avestan (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Alfabeti avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shkrimi_gujarati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shkrimi gujarati (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Shkrimi gujarati</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> <small>(e përdorur nga zoroastrianët indianë)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Kodet gjuhësore</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-1 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ae">ae</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=36">ave</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ave" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ave">ave</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/aves1237">aves1237</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>58-ABA-a</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg/220px-Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg/330px-Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg/440px-Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="503" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasna (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Yasna</a></i> 28.1, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gathas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gathas (nuk është shkruar akoma)"><i>Ahunavaiti</i> Gatha</a> (Bodleian MS J2)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndihm%C3%AB:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndihmë:IPA (nuk është shkruar akoma)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specials (Unicode block) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndihm%C3%AB:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndihmë:IPA (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Avestan</b>,<b>Gjuha Avestane</b> ose <b>Avestanisht</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> janë terma çati për dy gjuhë të vjetra iraniane : <b>Avestane e vjetër</b> (rreth 1500 – rreth 1000 pes) dhe <b>Avestane e re</b> (rreth 1000 – rreth 500 pes) . <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ato njihen vetëm nga përdorimi i tyre i bashkuar si gjuha e shkrimit të <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrizmi" title="Zoroastrizmi">Zoroastrianizmit</a>. Të dyja janë gjuhë të hershme iraniane lindore brenda <a href="/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_indo-iraniane" title="Gjuhët indo-iraniane">degës së gjuhëve indo-iraniane</a> të <a href="/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_indo-evropiane" title="Gjuhët indo-evropiane">familjes së gjuhëve indo-evropiane</a> . Paraardhësi i saj i menjëhershëm ishte gjuha proto-iraniane, një gjuhë motër me gjuhën proto-indo-ariane, ku të dyja ishin zhvilluar nga gjuha e mëparshme proto-indo-iraniane ; si i tillë, gjuha Avestane e Vjetër është mjaft afër si në gramatikë ashtu edhe në leksik me <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_sanskrite_vedike" title="Gjuha sanskrite vedike">sanskritishten vedike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_indo-ariane" title="Gjuhët indo-ariane">gjuhën më të vjetër të ruajtur indo-ariane</a> . </p><p>Trupi i teksteve avestane u formua nga <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrapet</a> e lashta iraniane Arachosia, Aria, Bactria dhe Margiana, <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> që korrespondojnë me tërësinë e <a href="/wiki/Afganistani" title="Afganistani">Afganistanit</a> të sotëm, si dhe me pjesë të <a href="/wiki/Taxhikistani" title="Taxhikistani">Taxhikistanit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistani" title="Turkmenistani">Turkmenistanit</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani" title="Uzbekistani">Uzbekistanit</a> . Kultura Yaz e Bactria-Margianës është konsideruar si një pasqyrim i mundshëm arkeologjik i kulturës së hershme " <a href="/wiki/Iranik" title="Iranik">iraniane lindore</a> " që përshkruhet në Avestën Zoroastrianiane . </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datimi">Datimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Datimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Datimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gjuha avestane njihet vetëm nga Avesta dhe është përtej saj e padëshmuar. Si rezultat, nuk ka asnjë provë të jashtme mbi të cilën mund të bazohet kuadri kohor gjatë të cilit është folur gjuha avestane dhe të gjitha përpjekjet duhet të mbështeten në prova të brendshme. Përpjekje të tilla shpesh bazoheshin në jetën e <a href="/wiki/Zoroasteri" title="Zoroasteri">Zarathustrës</a> si ngjarja më e veçantë në periudhën Avestane . Zarathustra bazohej tradicionalisht në shekullin e 6 pes, që do të thotë se Avestani i Vjetër do të ishte folur gjatë <a href="/wiki/Perandoria_Akaemenide" title="Perandoria Akaemenide">periudhës së hershme të Akamenidëve</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duke qenë se duhet të ketë kaluar një kohë e konsiderueshme midis avestanes së vjetër dhe avestanes së re, ky i fundit do të ishte folur diku gjatë periudhës helenistike ose parthiane të historisë iraniane. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sidoqoftë, ky datim është braktisur pothuajse plotësisht nga studimet më të fundit. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Në vend të kësaj, Zarathustra tani supozohet se ka jetuar disa shekuj më parë që do të thotë se Avestanishtja e Vjetër do të ishte folur diku <abbr>shek.</abbr> 1500 – shek. 1000 pes dhe avestanishtja e re <abbr>shek.</abbr> 1000 – shek. 500 pes. Ky datim i hershëm bazohet në dy arsye kryesore. Së pari, Avestanishtja e Vjetër tregon ngjashmëri të forta me shtresat më të vjetra të <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_sanskrite_vedike" title="Gjuha sanskrite vedike">sanskrites Vedike</a> siç paraqitet në <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> dhe shoqëria e përshkruar në Gathas i përshtatet një mjedisi të epokës së bronzit shumë më mirë se periudha e Akamenidëve. Së dyti, teksteve në avestanen e re u mungon ndonjë ndikim i dukshëm i persishtes, duke e bërë të pamundur një përbërje të teksteve pas Akamenidëve. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Këto arsye të kombinuara kanë bërë që datimi i mëparshëm të jetë konsensus i afërt i studimeve të fundit dhe tekstet shkollore mbi avestanen kanë filluar të pasqyrojnë këtë ndryshim. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologjia">Fonologjia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Fonologjia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fonologjia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avestanishtja ka ruajtur sibilantët e zëshëm dhe ka seri fërkuese dhe jo aspiruese. Ekzistojnë konventa të ndryshme për transliterimin e Dīn Dabireh, ajo e miratuar për këtë artikull është: </p><p>Zanoret: </p> <dl><dd>a à ə ə̄ e ē o ō å ą i ī u ū</dd></dl> <p>Bashkëtingëlloret: </p> <dl><dd>k g γ x xʷ č ǰ t d δ θ t̰ pb β f</dd> <dd>ŋ ŋʷ ṇ ń n m y w r s z š ṣ̌ ž h</dd></dl> <p>Rrëshqitëset <i>y</i> dhe <i>w</i> shpesh transkriptohen si <i>ii</i> dhe <i>uu</i>, duke imituar ortografinë e Din Dabirehut. Shkronja e transkriptuar <i>t̰</i> tregon një alofon prej <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> pa lëshim të dëgjueshëm në fund të një fjale dhe para disa pengesave . <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bashkëtingëlloret"><span id="Bashk.C3.ABting.C3.ABlloret"></span>Bashkëtingëlloret</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Bashkëtingëlloret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bashkëtingëlloret"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Labial consonant">Buzore</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Dental consonant">Dhëmbore</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Alveolar consonant">Alveolare</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Postalveolar consonant">Pas-alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Retroflex consonant">Retrofleks</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Palatal consonant">Qiellzore</a> ose <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Alveolo-palatal consonant"> alveolo-qiellzore</a> </p> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Velar consonant">Velare</a> </th> <th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labialized_velar_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Labialized velar consonant">Buzovelare</a> </th> <th>Glotale </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Nasal consonant">Hundore</a> </th> <td>⟨m⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_bilabial_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced bilabial nasal (nuk është shkruar akoma)">m</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨n⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar nasal (nuk është shkruar akoma)">n</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨ń⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palatal_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palatal nasal (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɲ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨ŋ⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar nasal (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ŋ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨ŋʷ⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Labialization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labialization (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ŋʷ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Stop consonant">Shpërthyese</a> </th> <th><small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicelessness" class="extiw" title="en:Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td>⟨p⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_bilabial_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">p</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨t⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">t</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨č⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate (nuk është shkruar akoma)">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨k⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" class="extiw" title="en:Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td>⟨b⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_bilabial_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced bilabial plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">b</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨d⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">d</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨j⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate (nuk është shkruar akoma)">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨g⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar plosive (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Fricative consonant">Fërkuese</a> </th> <th><small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicelessness" class="extiw" title="en:Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td>⟨f⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_bilabial_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɸ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨θ⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">θ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨β⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨š⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨β⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ʂ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨š́⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɕ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨x⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">x</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨xʷ⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Labialization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labialization (nuk është shkruar akoma)">xʷ</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨h⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_glottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless glottal fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">h</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" class="extiw" title="en:Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td>⟨β⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_bilabial_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced bilabial fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">β</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨ð⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ð</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨β⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">z</a>/</span> </td> <td>⟨ž⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_postalveolar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨γ⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar fricative (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɣ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Approximant consonant">Përafruese</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨y⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palatal_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palatal approximant (nuk është shkruar akoma)">j</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>⟨v⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant (nuk është shkruar akoma)">w</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trill_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>⟨r⟩<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar trill (nuk është shkruar akoma)">r</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sipas Beekes, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ð]</span> dhe <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɣ]</span> janë alofone të <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ/</span> dhe <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> përkatësisht (në avestanen e Vjetër). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zanoret">Zanoret</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Zanoret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Zanoret"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">E parme </th> <th colspan="2">Qëndrore </th> <th colspan="2">E pasme </th></tr> <tr> <th>e shkurtër </th> <th>e gjatë </th> <th>e shkurtër </th> <th>e gjatë </th> <th>e shkurtër </th> <th>e gjatë </th></tr> <tr> <th>E mbyllur </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">i</a></span> ⟨i⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">iː</a></span> ⟨ī⟩ </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">u</a></span> ⟨u⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">uː</a></span> ⟨ū⟩ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mesore </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">e</a></span> ⟨e⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">eː</a></span> ⟨ē⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid central vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ə</a></span> ⟨ə⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid central vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">əː</a></span> ⟨ə̄⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">o</a></span> ⟨o⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">oː</a></span> ⟨ō⟩ </td></tr> <tr> <th>E hapur </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">a</a></span> ⟨a⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">aː</a></span> ⟨ā⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɒ</a></span> ⟨å⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back rounded vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ɒː</a></span> ⟨ā̊⟩ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zanoret_hundore" title="Zanoret hundore">Hundore</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasal_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasal vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ã</a></span> ⟨ą⟩ </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasal_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasal vowel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ãː</a></span> ⟨ą̇⟩ </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gramatika">Gramatika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Gramatika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gramatika"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="emrat">emrat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: emrat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: emrat"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Rasa </th> <th colspan="3">mbaresa "normale". </th> <th colspan="3">a-rrënjë: (mashk. asnjëa. ) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Njëjës </th> <th>Dysh </th> <th>Shumës </th> <th>Njëjës </th> <th>Dysh </th> <th>Shumës </th></tr> <tr> <th>Emërore </th> <td>-s </td> <td rowspan="3">-ā </td> <td rowspan="2">-ō (-as), -ā </td> <td>-ō (yasn-ō) </td> <td rowspan="3">-a (vīr-a) </td> <td>-a (-yasna) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Thirrore </th> <td>- </td> <td>-a (ahur-a) </td> <td>-a (yasn-a), -ånghō </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kallëzore </th> <td>-em </td> <td>-ō (-as, -ns), -ā </td> <td>-əm (ahur-əm) </td> <td>-ą (haom-ą) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Instrumentale </th> <td>-ā </td> <td rowspan="3">-byā </td> <td>-bīš </td> <td>-a (ahur-a) </td> <td rowspan="3">-aēibya (vīr-aēibya) </td> <td>-āiš (yasn-āiš) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dhanore </th> <td>-ç </td> <td>-byō (-byas) </td> <td>-āi (ahur-āi) </td> <td rowspan="2">-aēibyō (yasn-aēibyō) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rrjedhore </th> <td>-në </td> <td>-byō </td> <td>-āt (yasn-āt) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gjinore </th> <td>-ō (-si) </td> <td>-å </td> <td>-ąm </td> <td>-ahe (ahur-ahe) </td> <td>-ayå (vīr-ayå) </td> <td>-anąm (yasn-anąm) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vendore </th> <td>-i </td> <td>-ō, -yō </td> <td>-su, -hu, -šva </td> <td>-e (yesn-e) </td> <td>-ayō (zast-ayō) </td> <td>-aēšu (vīr-aēšu), -aēšva </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foljet">Foljet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Foljet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Foljet"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Përfundimet aktive primare </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Personi </th> <th>Njëjës </th> <th>Dyfishtë </th> <th>Shumësi </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>-mi </td> <td>-vahi </td> <td>-mahi </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>-hi </td> <td>-tha </td> <td>-tha </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>-ti </td> <td>-tō, -thō </td> <td>-ṇti </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shembull_teksti">Shembull teksti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakto pjesën: Shembull teksti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Shembull teksti"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Alfabeti latin </th> <th>Alfabeti avestan </th> <th>Përkthimi në anglisht <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>ahyā. yāsā. nəmaŋhā. ustānazastō. rafəδrahyā.manyə̄uš. mazdā. pourwīm. spəṇtahyā. aṣ̌ā. vīspə̄ṇg. š́yaoθanā.vaŋhə̄uš. xratūm. manaŋhō. yā. xṣ̌nəwīṣ̌ā. gə̄ušcā. urwānəm.:: </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg/500px-Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg/750px-Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Bodleian_J2_fol_175_Y_28_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Me duar të shtrira në kërkesë për atë ndihmë, o Mazda, unë do të lutem për veprat e shpirtit të shenjtë, o ti e drejta, me anë të të cilave mund të kënaq vullnetin e Mendimit të Mirë dhe të Shpirtit të Kaut. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shembuj_frazash">Shembuj frazash</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redakto pjesën: Shembuj frazash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Shembuj frazash"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frazat e mëposhtme u transkriptuan fonetikisht nga Avestan: <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Avestan </th> <th>Shqip </th> <th>Koment </th></tr> <tr> <td>tapaiti </td> <td>Është e nxehtë </td> <td>Mund të nënkuptojë gjithashtu "ai është i nxehtë" ose "ajo është e nxehtë" (temperatura) </td></tr> <tr> <td>šyawaθa </td> <td>Ti lëviz </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>vō vatāmi </td> <td>Të kuptoj </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>mā vatayaθa </td> <td>Ti më mëson </td> <td>Fjalë për fjalë: "Më lejon të kuptoj" </td></tr> <tr> <td>dim nayehi </td> <td>Ti e drejton atë </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dim vō nāyayeiti </td> <td>Ai/ajo ju lejon ta drejtoni atë </td> <td>Koha e tashme </td></tr> <tr> <td>mā barahi </td> <td>ti me mbart mua </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>nō baraiti </td> <td>Ai/ajo na mbart </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>θβā dim bārayāmahi </td> <td>Ne e lëmë atë/ajo të të mbajë ty </td> <td>Koha e tashme </td></tr> <tr> <td>drawāmahi </td> <td>Ne vrapojmë </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>diš dāwayāmahi </td> <td>Ne i lëmë të vrapojnë </td> <td>Koha e tashme </td></tr> <tr> <td>θβā hacāmi </td> <td>Unë të ndjek ty </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>diš hācayeinti </td> <td>Ata i shoqërojnë </td> <td>Fjalë për fjalë: "Ata i lënë të ndjekin" </td></tr> <tr> <td>ramaiti </td> <td>Ai pushon </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>θβā rāmayemi </td> <td>Unë të qetësoj </td> <td>Fjalë për fjalë: "Të lë të pushosh" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avestan_dhe_Sanskritisht">Avestan dhe Sanskritisht</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redakto pjesën: Avestan dhe Sanskritisht" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Avestan dhe Sanskritisht"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avestanja është jashtëzakonisht e ngjashme me sanskritishten Vedike, siç tregohet nga ky tekst shembull: <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Avestan</b> </th> <td>tәm amanvantәm yazatәm </td> <td>sūrәm dāmōhu sәvištәm </td> <td>miθrәm yazāi zaoθrābyō </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Sanskritishtja Vedike</b> </th> <td>tám ámavantam yajatám </td> <td>śū́ram dhā́masu śáviṣṭham </td> <td>mitrám yajāi hótrābhyaḥ </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Proto-Indo-Iraniane</b> </th> <td>*tám ámanvantam yaǰatám </td> <td>*ćū́ram dhā́masu ćávištham </td> <td>*mitrám yǎǰāi jháutrābhyas </td></tr></tbody></table> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells1990" class="citation cs2">Wells, John C. (1990), <i>Longman pronunciation dictionary</i>, Harlow, England: Longman, fq. 53, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-582-05383-8" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-582-05383-8"><bdi>0-582-05383-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+pronunciation+dictionary&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-582-05383-8&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Citation" title="Stampa:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span> entry "Avestan"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Witzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Witzel (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Witzel, Michael</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/AryanHome.pdf">"THE HOME OF THE ARYANS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. fq. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">8 maj</span> 2015</span>. <q>Since the evidence of Young Avestan place names so clearly points to a more eastern location, the Avesta is again understood, nowadays, as an East Iranian text, whose area of composition comprised – at least – Sīstån/Arachosia, Herat, Merw and Bactria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+HOME+OF+THE+ARYANS&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.fas.harvard.edu%2F~witzel%2FAryanHome.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi1977" class="citation journal cs1">Shahbazi, Alireza Shapur (1977). "The 'Traditional Date of Zoroaster' Explained". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>40</b>: 25–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+%27Traditional+Date+of+Zoroaster%27+Explained&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=25-35&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=Alireza+Shapur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_journal" title="Stampa:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFHintze2015" class="citation book cs1">Hintze, Almut (2015). "Zarathustra's Time and Homeland - Linguistic Perspectives". përmbledhur nga Stausberg, Michael (red.). <i>The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. fq. 38. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9781118785539" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9781118785539"><bdi>9781118785539</bdi></a>. <q>Linguistic, literary and conceptual characteristics suggest that the Old(er) Avesta pre‐dates the Young(er) Avesta by several centuries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zarathustra%27s+Time+and+Homeland+-+Linguistic+Perspectives&rft.btitle=The+Wiley+Blackwell+Companion+to+Zoroastrianism.&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781118785539&rft.aulast=Hintze&rft.aufirst=Almut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2001" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questfororiginso0000brya"><i>The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture</i></a>. Oxford University Press. fq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questfororiginso0000brya/page/130">130</a>. <q>Previously, a sixth century B.C.E. date based on Greek sources was accepted by many scholars, but this has now been completely discarded by present-day specialists in the field.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+the+Origins+of+Vedic+Culture&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquestfororiginso0000brya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2012" class="citation book cs1">Daniel, Elton L. (2012). <i>The History of Iran</i>. Greenwood. fq. 47. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0313375095" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0313375095"><bdi>978-0313375095</bdi></a>. <q>Recent research, however, has cast considerable doubt on this dating and geographical setting. [...] The similarity of the language and metrical system of the Gathas to those of the Vedas, the simplicity of the society depicted throughout the Avesta, and the lack of awareness of great cities, historical rulers, or empires all suggest a different time frame. [...] All in all, it seems likely that Zoroaster and the Avestan people flourished in eastern Iran at a much earlier date (anywhere from 1500 to 900 B.C.) than once thought.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Iran&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0313375095&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Elton+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt2000" class="citation book cs1">Schmitt, Rüdiger (2000). "Die Sprachen der altiranischen Periode". <i>Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart</i>. Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Sprachen+der+altiranischen+Periode&rft.btitle=Die+iranischen+Sprachen+in+Geschichte+und+Gegenwart&rft.pub=Dr.+Ludwig+Reichert+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFSkjaervø2009" class="citation book cs1">Skjaervø, P. Oktor (2009). "Old Iranian". përmbledhur nga Windfuhr, Gernot (red.). <i>The Iranian Languages</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9780203641736" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/9780203641736"><bdi>9780203641736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+Iranian&rft.btitle=The+Iranian+Languages&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780203641736&rft.aulast=Skjaerv%C3%B8&rft.aufirst=P.+Oktor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFHale2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Hale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Hale (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Hale, Mark</a> (2004). "Avestan". përmbledhur nga Roger D. Woodard (red.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo0000unse_t8o9"><i>The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-521-56256-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-521-56256-2"><bdi>0-521-56256-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Avestan&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Ancient+Languages&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-56256-2&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeencyclo0000unse_t8o9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/yasna/yasna.htm#y28">"AVESTA: YASNA: Sacred Liturgy and Gathas/Hymns of Zarathushtra"</a>. <i>avesta.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avesta.org&rft.atitle=AVESTA%3A+YASNA%3A+Sacred+Liturgy+and+Gathas%2FHymns+of+Zarathushtra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avesta.org%2Fyasna%2Fyasna.htm%23y28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_web" title="Stampa:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFLubotsky2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lubotsky, Alexander (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dare.uva.nl/cgi/arno/show.cgi?fid=174594"><i>Van Sanskriet tot Spijkerschrift: Breinbrekers uit alle talen</i></a> [<i>From Sanskrit to Cuneiform: Brain teasers from all languages</i>] (në holandisht). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amsterdam_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amsterdam University Press (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Amsterdam University Press</a>. fq. 18, 69–71. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-9089641793" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-9089641793"><bdi>978-9089641793</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">30 prill</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Sanskriet+tot+Spijkerschrift%3A+Breinbrekers+uit+alle+talen&rft.pages=18%2C+69-71&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9089641793&rft.aulast=Lubotsky&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdare.uva.nl%2Fcgi%2Farno%2Fshow.cgi%3Ffid%3D174594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1892" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, A V Williams (1892). <i>An Avestan Grammar</i>. fq. xxxii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Avestan+Grammar&rft.pages=xxxii&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=A+V+Williams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFBeckwith2009" class="citation book cs1">Beckwith, Christopher (2009). <i>Empires of the Silk Road</i>. Princeton. fq. 368. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-691-13589-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-691-13589-2"><bdi>978-0-691-13589-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Silk+Road&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Princeton&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13589-2&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAvestan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="sq" dir="ltr">Gabim referencash: Etiketat <code><ref></code> ekzistojnë për një grup të quajtur "lower-alpha", por nuk u gjet etiketa korresponduese <code><references group="lower-alpha"/></code></span> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avestan&oldid=2597412">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avestan&oldid=2597412</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gabime_CS1:_Mungon_parametri_i_gjuh%C3%ABs" title="Kategoria:Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës">Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Languages with ISO 639-2 code (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Languages with ISO 639-1 code (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Language_articles_with_unreferenced_extinction_date&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Language articles with unreferenced extinction date (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Language articles with unreferenced extinction date</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Pages_with_plain_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Pages with plain IPA (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gjuh%C3%ABt_e_lashta" title="Kategoria:Gjuhët e lashta">Gjuhët e lashta</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria:Pages_with_reference_errors_that_trigger_visual_diffs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria:Pages with reference errors that trigger visual diffs (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pages with reference errors that trigger visual diffs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori të fshehura: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vetit%C3%AB_CS1:_Burime_n%C3%AB_holandisht_(nl)" title="Kategoria:Vetitë CS1: Burime në holandisht (nl)">Vetitë CS1: Burime në holandisht (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Kategoria:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 7 tetor 2023, në orën 17:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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