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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">== Further Austria and the Palatinate == {{Main|Further Austria|Palatinate (region)}} Other than the Margraviate of Baden and the Duchy of Württemberg, Further Austria and the Palatinate lay on the edge of the southwestern area.<ref name="pantel-web.de2">{{cite web|url=http://www.pantel-web.de/bw_mirror/history/bw300_e.htm|title=History of BW – Anterior Austria and the Electorate of Palatinate|access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref> '''Further Austria''' (in German: '''Vorderösterreich''' or ''die '''Vorlande''''') was the collective name for the old possessions of the [[Habsburgs]] in south-western Germany ([[Swabia]]), the [[Alsace]], and in [[Vorarlberg]] after the focus of the Habsburgs had moved to Austria. Further Austria comprised the [[Sundgau]] (southern Alsace) and the [[Breisgau]] east of the [[Rhine]] (including [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] after 1386) and included some scattered territories throughout Swabia, the largest being the [[margravate]] [[Burgau]] in the area of [[Augsburg]] and [[Ulm]]. Some territories in Vorarlberg that belonged to the Habsburgs were also considered part of Further Austria. The original homelands of the Habsburgs, the [[Aargau]] and much of the other original Habsburg possessions south of the Rhine and [[Lake Constance]] were lost in the 14th century to the expanding [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] after the battles of [[Battle of Morgarten|Morgarten]] (1315) and [[Battle of Sempach|Sempach]] (1386) and were never considered part of Further Austria, except the [[Fricktal]], which remained a Habsburg property until 1805. Further Austria was ruled by the Duke of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] until 1379. After that, the regent of Further Austria was the [[County of Tyrol|Count of Tyrol]]. The Palatinate arose as the '''County Palatine of the Rhine''', a large feudal state lying on both banks of the Rhine, which seems to have come into existence in the 10th century. The territory fell to the [[Wittelsbach]] Dukes of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] in the early 13th century, and during a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II of [[Duchy of Upper Bavaria|Upper Bavaria]] in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession not only of the Rhenish Palatinate, but also of that part of Upper Bavaria itself which was north of the Danube, and which came to be called the '''Upper Palatinate''' (''Oberpfalz''), in contrast to the '''Lower Palatinate''' along the Rhine. In the [[Golden Bull]] of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular [[Holy Roman Empire elector|electorates]], and given the hereditary offices of '''Archsteward''' of the Empire and '''Imperial Vicar''' of the western half of Germany. From this time forth, the Count Palatine of the Rhine was usually known as the '''Elector Palatine'''. Due to the practice of division of territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in [[Simmern]], [[Kaiserslautern]], and [[Zweibrücken]] in the Lower Palatinate, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate. The Elector Palatine, now based in Heidelberg, converted to Lutheranism in the 1530s. When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch [[Calvinist]], and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France. Frederick&nbsp;III's grandson, Frederick&nbsp;IV, and his adviser, [[Christian of Anhalt]], founded the [[Protestant Union|Evangelical Union]] of Protestant states in 1608, and in 1619 Elector Frederick&nbsp;V (the son-in-law of King [[James I of England]]) accepted the throne of [[Bohemia]] from rebellious Protestant noblemen. He was soon defeated by the forces of [[Emperor Ferdinand II]] at the [[Battle of White Mountain]] in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. In 1623, Frederick was put under the ban of the Empire, and his territories and Electoral dignity granted to the Duke (now Elector) of Bavaria, [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I]]. At the [[Treaty of Westphalia]] in 1648, the Sundgau became part of France, and in the 18th century, the Habsburgs acquired a few minor new territories in southern Germany such as [[Tettnang]]. In the [[Peace of Pressburg (1805)|Peace of Pressburg of 1805]], Further Austria was dissolved and the formerly Habsburg territories were assigned to [[Bavaria]], [[Baden]], and [[Württemberg]], and the Fricktal to Switzerland. By the [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648, Frederick&nbsp;V's son, Charles Louis, was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, but the Upper Palatinate and the senior electoral title remained with the Bavarian line. In 1685, the Simmern line died out, and the Palatinate was inherited by the Count Palatine of Neuburg (who was also Duke of [[Duchy of Jülich|Jülich]] and [[Berg, Upper Palatinate|Berg]]), a Catholic. The Neuburg line, which moved the capital to Mannheim, lasted until 1742, when it, too, became extinct, and the Palatinate was inherited by the Duke Karl Theodor of [[Duchy of Sulzbach|Sulzbach]]. The childless Karl Theodor also inherited Bavaria when its electoral line became extinct in 1777, and all the Wittelsbach lands save Zweibrücken on the French border (whose Duke was, in fact, Karl Theodor's presumptive heir) were now under a single ruler. The Palatinate was destroyed in the Wars of the French Revolution—first its left bank territories were occupied, and then annexed, by France starting in 1795, and then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of Baden. The provincial government in Alsace was alternately administered by the Palatinate (1408–1504, 1530–1558) and by the Habsburgs (13th and 14th centuries, 1504–1530). Only the margraves of Baden and the counts and dukes of Württemberg included both homelands within their territories. 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