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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Topical Bible: Coptic</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/topical/c/coptic.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newtopical.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/topical/vmenus/genesis/1-1.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmcde/c/coptic.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/topical/">Topical</a> > Coptic</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/topical/c/cops.htm" title="Cops">◄</a> Coptic <a href="/topical/c/coptic_versions.htm" title="Coptic Versions">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">Jump to: <a href="#isb" title="International Standard Bible Encyclopedia">ISBE</a> • <a href="#web" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's</a> • <a href="#thes" title="Bible Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a> • <a href="#lib" title="Library">Library</a> • <a href="#sub" title="Subtopics">Subtopics</a> • <a href="#rel" title="Related Terms">Terms</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><a name="te" id="te"></a><div class="vheading2">Topical Encyclopedia</div>The term "Coptic" refers to the Christian tradition and language of the Copts, the native Egyptian Christians. The Coptic Church, officially known as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, is one of the oldest Christian communities in the world, tracing its origins to the evangelistic work of the Apostle Mark in the first century A.D. According to tradition, Mark preached the Gospel in Alexandria, establishing a Christian community that would grow into a significant center of early Christianity.<br><br><b>Historical Context</b><br><br>The Coptic Church played a crucial role in the development of early Christian theology and monasticism. Alexandria, a major city in the Roman Empire, became a hub for theological scholarship and debate. The Catechetical School of Alexandria was one of the most prominent centers of learning in the early Christian world, producing influential theologians such as Clement of Alexandria and Origen.<br><br>The Coptic Church was also instrumental in the formation of Christian monasticism. St. Anthony the Great, often considered the father of monasticism, and St. Pachomius, who organized communal monastic life, were both Egyptian. Their contributions laid the foundation for monastic practices that spread throughout Christendom.<br><br><b>Language and Literature</b><br><br>The Coptic language is the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language and is written using the Greek alphabet with some additional letters. It became the liturgical language of the Coptic Church and was used extensively in religious texts and translations of the Bible. The Coptic versions of the Bible are among the earliest translations from the original Greek and Hebrew texts.<br><br><b>Theological Contributions</b><br><br>The Coptic Church has made significant theological contributions, particularly in the Christological debates of the early centuries. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. led to a schism between the Coptic Church and the Byzantine Church over the nature of Christ. The Copts rejected the Chalcedonian definition, which they perceived as compromising the unity of Christ's nature, and adhered to Miaphysitism, which emphasizes the one united nature of Christ as both divine and human.<br><br><b>Persecution and Perseverance</b><br><br>Throughout history, the Coptic Church has faced periods of intense persecution, particularly following the Arab conquest of Egypt in the 7th century. Despite these challenges, the Copts have maintained their faith and traditions, often serving as a testament to the endurance of Christian witness in the face of adversity. The words of the Apostle Paul resonate with the Coptic experience: "We are hard pressed on all sides, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair" (<a href="/2_corinthians/4-8.htm">2 Corinthians 4:8</a>).<br><br><b>Modern Context</b><br><br>Today, the Coptic Orthodox Church remains a vital part of the Christian landscape, both in Egypt and in diaspora communities around the world. The Coptic Pope, currently Pope Tawadros II, leads the church, continuing its rich liturgical and theological traditions. The Copts are known for their deep spirituality, vibrant liturgical life, and commitment to social justice and charity.<br><br>The Coptic Church's history and contributions to Christianity are a testament to its resilience and faithfulness. As the Apostle Peter wrote, "But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. 'Do not fear their threats; do not be frightened'" (<a href="/1_peter/3-14.htm">1 Peter 3:14</a>). The Copts have lived out this exhortation through centuries of trials, remaining steadfast in their devotion to Christ.<a name="web" id="web"></a><div class="vheading2">Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</div>1. (<I>a.</I>) Of or pertaining to the Copts.<p>2. (<I>n.</I>) The language of the Copts.<a name="isb" id="isb"></a><div class="vheading2">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</div><span class="encheading">COPTIC VERSIONS</span><p>kop'-tik vur'-shunz:<br><br> I. LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET<br><br>1. Alphabet<br><br>2. Dialects.<br><br> II. VERSIONS<br><br> III. CHIEF EDITIONS<br><br>LITERATURE<br><br> I. Language and Alphabet.<br><br>1. Alphabet:<br><br>The Coptic alphabet consists of the Greek uncial letters, plus seven characters taken from the Egyptian demotic to express sounds not represented in the Greek It can be traced back to the 4th century, as the oldest Coptic manuscripts belong to the end of the 4th or beginning of the 5th century. The language still prevailed in Egypt in the 9th century, but was no longer understood in Middle Egypt in the 12th. Its last speaker died in 1633.<br><br>2. Dialects:<br><br>There were at least five written dialects and subdialects of Coptic. Of these the most important from a literary point of view was the<br><br>(1) Buchairic, the dialect of Lower Egypt, often called Coptic paragraph excellence, and also (wrongly) Memphitic. It is used as the ecclesiastical language in the services of the Coptic church. The other four dialects are somewhat more closely allied to one another than to Buchairic, which shows greater traces of Greek influence. These dialects are,<br><br>(2) the Sahidic (Sa`idi, or dialect of upper Egypt), also called Thebaic;<br><br>(3) the Bashmuric-or rather Bushmuric-(for which Fayyumic has been suggested);<br><br>(4) the Middle Egyptian proper (known from manuscripts found in the monastery of Jeremias near the Theban Serapeum), differing but little from (3); and<br><br>(5) the Akhmimic (Akhmim = the ancient Chemmis). Akhmimic is more primitive and more closely related to ancient Egyptian than any other. Only a few fragments in it (of Exodus, Ecclesiastes, 2 Maccabees, the Minor Prophets, and Catholic epistles) have yet been found. The last three dialects are often classed together as "Middle Egyptian" and (4) is then called "Lower Sahidic."<br><br> II. Versions.<br><br>In all 5 dialects more or less complete versions of the Bible once existed. They were the earliest made after the early Syriac At latest they began in the 3rd century, though some (e.g. Hyvernat) say as early as the 2nd. It is thought that the Sahidic version was the earliest, then the Middle Egyptian and finally the Buchairic. The latter represents an early and comparatively pure Greek text, free from what are generally termed western additions, while the Sahidic, on the other hand, contains most of the peculiar western readings. It sometimes supports Codex Sinaiticus, sometimes Codex Vaticanus (B), sometimes both, but generally it closely agrees with codex D (Bezae), especially in the Acts. A Coptic (Sahidic) MS, written considerably before 350 A.D., and published by the British Museum in April, 1912, contains Deuteronomy, Jonah, and Acts, and is older than any other Biblical manuscript (except a few fragments) yet known to exist. It proves that this Sahidic version was made about 200 A.D. It in general supports the "Western" text of codex Bezae (D). Much of the New Testament especially still exists in Sahidic, though not Revelation. In Bubairic we have the Pentateuch, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, the 12 Minor Prophets, and fragments of the historical books of the Old Testament, besides the whole New Testament, though the Book of Revelation is later than the rest. In the other dialects much less had been preserved, as far as is known. In Bushmuric we have fragments of Isaiah, Lamentations, Ep. Jeremiah, and a good many fragments of the New Testament. In more than one dialect we have apocryphal gospels (see Texts and Studies, IV, number 2, 1896) and Gnostic papyri, etc. The Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint. The Psalms seem to have been translated about 303 A.D.<br><br> III. Chief Editions.<br><br>The Buchairic Psalms were first published in 1659. Wilkins published the Buchairic New Testament at London in 1716, and the Pentateuch in 1731; Schwartze the Gospels in 1846-47; de Lagarde the Acts and Epistles in 1852. He also edited the Psalms (transliterated) in 1875, 151 in number, of which the last celebrates David's victory over Goliath. He added fragments of the Sahidic Psalter and of the Buchairic Proverbs Tattam published the Minor Prophets in 1836 and the Major in 1852 an edition of the Gospels in London in 1847, and of the rest of the New Testament in 1852 (SPCK), with a literal Arabic version. Horner's edition of the Buchairic New Testament (4 volumes, 1898, etc., Clarendon Press) and of Sahidic Gospels (1910, 3 vols) is the standard edition Ford published part of the Sahidic New Testament in 1799. Various editions of parts of Old Testament and New Testament have since appeared: e.g. Ciasca published fragments of the Sahidic Old Testament (Sacrorum Bibliorum Fragmenta Copto-Sahidica Musei Borgiani) at Rome, 1885-89.<br><br>LITERATURE.<br><br>Realencyclopadie fur prot. Theol. und Kirche, III; Hyvernat, Etude sur les versions coptes; Revue biblique, 1896, 1897; Zeitschrift fur agypt. Sprache; Journal of Theol. Studies, I, 3; Nestle, Text. Crit of Greek New Testament; Forbes Robinson, Texts and Studies, IV; Oesterley in Murray's New Bible Dict.<br><br>W. St. Clair Tisdall<p><a name="lib" id="lib"></a><div class="vheading2">Library</div><p><a href="/library/various/constitutions_of_the_holy_apostles/sec_i_on_the_diversity_of.htm"><span class="l">On the Diversity of Spiritual Gifts.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Footnotes: [3551] The words "one and only" are omitted in the Syriac and <b>Coptic</b>. <b>...</b><br> omits "His Father." The Syriac amd <b>Coptic</b> have "the only Father.". <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec i on the diversity of.htm</font><p><a href="/library/unknown/apocrypha_of_the_new_testament/part_i_apocryphal_gospels.htm"><span class="l">Apocryphal Gospels.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> IV. The History of Joseph the Carpenter."The original language of this history<br> is <b>Coptic</b>. From the <b>Coptic</b> it was translated into Arabic. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../unknown/apocrypha of the new testament/part i apocryphal gospels.htm</font><p><a href="/library/richardson/early_christian_fathers/manuscripts_and_books_2.htm"><span class="l">Manuscripts and Books</span></a> <br><b>...</b> A full description of the manuscripts (including the Armenian, and the Syriac and<br> <b>Coptic</b> fragments) will be found in Lightfoot, op. cit., pp.70-126; 587-598. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../richardson/early christian fathers/manuscripts and books 2.htm</font><p><a href="/library/various/constitutions_of_the_holy_apostles/sec_iii_ordination_and_duties_of.htm"><span class="l">Ordination and Duties of the Clergy.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> [3683] The <b>Coptic</b> adds: "While you pray, he is ordained; and thou shalt ordain the<br> deacon also according to this constitution alone.". [3684] Exodus 18. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec iii ordination and duties of.htm</font><p><a href="/library/richardson/early_christian_fathers/manuscripts_and_books_3.htm"><span class="l">Manuscripts and Books</span></a> <br><b>...</b> In <b>Coptic</b> there is a fifth century papyrus fragment of chs.10:3b to 12:2a, edited<br> by G. Horner in The Journal of Theological Studies, 25, 1924, pp.225-231. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../richardson/early christian fathers/manuscripts and books 3.htm</font><p><a href="/library/athanasius/select_works_and_letters_or_athanasius/letter_lv_letter_to_rufinianus.htm"><span class="l">Letter Lv. --Letter to Rufinianus.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The latter must have been distant from Alexandria: the <b>Coptic</b> documents call him<br> Rufinus the archbishop,' which seems to place him outside Egypt. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../select works and letters or athanasius/letter lv letter to rufinianus.htm</font><p><a href="/library/various/constitutions_of_the_holy_apostles/sec_iv_certain_prayers_and_laws.htm"><span class="l">Certain Prayers and Laws.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Footnotes: [3706] This chapter is not found in the <b>Coptic</b> and Syriac. One V. ms. <b>...</b><br> [3709] "Deacons" omitted in Oxford ms. and in <b>Coptic</b>. [3710] "Two," Oxford ms. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec iv certain prayers and laws.htm</font><p><a href="/library/athanasius/select_works_and_letters_or_athanasius/section_9_athanasius_under_julian.htm"><span class="l">Athanasius under Julian and his Successors; Fourth and Fifth <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> It may be well to add a few words upon the supposed <b>Coptic</b> acts of this council,<br> and upon their connection with the very ancient Syntagma Doctrin??, wrongly so <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../select works and letters or athanasius/section 9 athanasius under julian.htm</font><p><a href="/library/various/constitutions_of_the_holy_apostles/sec_v_all_the_apostles_urge.htm"><span class="l">All the Apostles Urge the Observance of the Order of the Church.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> In ix. 5 it is a later interpolation of the Vulgate and Erasmus.--R.]. [3763] The<br> <b>Coptic</b> adds, "the Son of God, and true God.". <b>...</b> [3765] The <b>Coptic</b> adds "God.". <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../various/constitutions of the holy apostles/sec v all the apostles urge.htm</font><p><a href="/library/schaff/history_of_the_christian_church_volume_i/section_81_mark.htm"><span class="l">Mark.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The <b>Coptic</b> patriarch claims to be his successor. The legends of his martyrdom in<br> the eighth year of Nero (this date is given by Jerome) are worthless. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../schaff/history of the christian church volume i/section 81 mark.htm</font><a name="thes" id="thes"></a><div class="vheading2">Thesaurus</div><a href="/topical/c/coptic.htm"><span class="l"><b>Coptic</b></span></a><br><b>...</b> Standard Bible Encyclopedia. <b>COPTIC</b> VERSIONS. <b>...</b> Its last speaker died in 1633. 2. Dialects:<br> There were at least five written dialects and subdialects of <b>Coptic</b>. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/c/coptic.htm - 11k</font><p><a href="/topical/o/ostraca.htm"><span class="l">Ostraca</span></a><br><b>...</b> 4. <b>Coptic</b> Ostraca: <b>Coptic</b> ostraca, too, are numerous, especially from the Byzantine<br> period, and of even more interest for Christian history than the Greek. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/o/ostraca.htm - 10k</font><p><a href="/topical/p/papyrus.htm"><span class="l">Papyrus (4 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Chief Collections 13. <b>Coptic</b>, Arabic and Other Papyri A marsh or water plant, abundant<br> in Egypt in ancient times, serving many purposes in antiquity. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/p/papyrus.htm - 34k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/arabic.htm"><span class="l">Arabic</span></a><br><b>...</b> it is not surprising that most of such material, and indeed of the entire literary<br> output, consists of translations from Syriac, Greek or <b>Coptic</b>, and that <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/arabic.htm - 17k</font><p><a href="/topical/o/ophir.htm"><span class="l">Ophir (12 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> In the LXX. this word is rendered "Sophir," and "Sofir" is the <b>Coptic</b> name for India,<br> which is the rendering of the Arabic version, as also of the Vulgate. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/o/ophir.htm - 16k</font><p><a href="/topical/s/separate.htm"><span class="l">Separate (115 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Little was known of them until in 1904 a translation from a badly preserved <b>Coptic</b><br> version was published by C. Schmidt, and the discovery was made that the well <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/s/separate.htm - 71k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/alexandria.htm"><span class="l">Alexandria (4 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> The Sinaiticus and Vaticanus uncials with many other most important Bible<br> manuscripts-Hebrew, Greek, <b>Coptic</b> and Syriac-came from Alexandria. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/alexandria.htm - 31k</font><p><a href="/topical/m/messenger.htm"><span class="l">Messenger (235 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Ulrich Wilcken published Griechische Ostraka aus Aegypten und Nubien, and in 1902<br> WE Crum produced his book of Christian ostraka called <b>Coptic</b> Ostraca from the <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/m/messenger.htm - 101k</font><p><a href="/topical/c/copulation.htm"><span class="l">Copulation (11 Occurrences)</span></a><br><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/c/copulation.htm - 10k</font><p><a href="/topical/e/ethiopia.htm"><span class="l">Ethiopia (26 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> In the 8th century Egypt was invaded by 100,000 Nubians to repay an insult given<br> to the <b>Coptic</b> patriarch and to the sacred pictures in the Egyptian Christian <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/e/ethiopia.htm - 45k</font><p><a name="res" id="res"></a><div class="vheading2">Resources</div><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Coptic-Christianity.html">What is Coptic Christianity, and what do Coptic Christians believe? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/gospel-of-Thomas.html">What is the Gospel of Thomas? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Oriental-Orthodox-Church.html">What is the Oriental Orthodox Church? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://clyx.com/term/coptic.htm">Coptic: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com</a><br /><br /><a href="/concordance/">Bible Concordance</a> • <a href="/dictionary/">Bible Dictionary</a> • <a href="/encyclopedia/">Bible Encyclopedia</a> • <a href="/topical/">Topical Bible</a> • <a href="/thesaurus/">Bible Thesuarus</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="sub" id="sub"></a><div class="vheading2">Subtopics</div><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/c/coptic.htm">Coptic</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/c/coptic_versions.htm">Coptic Versions</a></p><a name="rel" id="rel"></a><div class="vheading2">Related Terms</div><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/o/ostraca.htm">Ostraca</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/papyrus.htm">Papyrus (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/arabic.htm">Arabic</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/o/ophir.htm">Ophir (12 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/separate.htm">Separate (115 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/alexandria.htm">Alexandria (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/messenger.htm">Messenger (235 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/copulation.htm">Copulation (11 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/ethiopia.htm">Ethiopia (26 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/agrapha.htm">Agrapha</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/leprosy.htm">Leprosy (51 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/leper.htm">Leper (34 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tahpanhes.htm">Tahpanhes (7 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/etham.htm">Etham (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/memphis.htm">Memphis (8 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pithom.htm">Pithom (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/copper-worker.htm">Copper-worker (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/abrech.htm">Abrech (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/abba.htm">Abba (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/jeremy.htm">Jeremy (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pontius.htm">Pontius (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pilate.htm">Pilate (60 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/andrew.htm">Andrew (12 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/martha.htm">Martha (12 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/versions.htm">Versions</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/language.htm">Language (112 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt (596 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/acts.htm">Acts (271 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/apocryphal.htm">Apocryphal</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/h/ham.htm">Ham (16 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/luke.htm">Luke (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/vaizatha.htm">Vaizatha (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/egyptian.htm">Egyptian (35 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tabeel.htm">Tabeel (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/anem.htm">Anem (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gospels.htm">Gospels</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/z/zechariah.htm">Zechariah (55 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/text.htm">Text (5 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/anaharath.htm">Anaharath (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/monthly.htm">Monthly (11 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gospel.htm">Gospel (108 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/joshua.htm">Joshua (211 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/sodomite.htm">Sodomite (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a 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