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Search results for: Mimi Sodhi

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class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mimi Sodhi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mimi Sodhi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Going the Distance – Building Peer Support during a Time of Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Gray">Lisa Gray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Kronner"> Henry Kronner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tameca%20Harris-Jackson"> Tameca Harris-Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sodhi"> Mimi Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Gerritsen-McKane"> Ruth Gerritsen-McKane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donette%20Considine"> Donette Considine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MSW Peer Mentorship Program (PMP) was developed as one of several approaches to foster student success. The key purposes of the PMP are to help new graduate students transition to a graduate program, facilitate relationship building between students, grow and sustain student satisfaction, and build a strong connection to the MSW program. This pilot program also serves as an additional source of support for students during the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. Further, the long-term goals of the program are to assist in student retention. Preliminary findings suggest that both mentors and mentees enrolled in PMP find the peer mentoring relationship to have a positive impact on their graduate learning experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid-19" title="covid-19">covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentorship" title=" mentorship"> mentorship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20support" title=" peer support"> peer support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20success" title=" student success"> student success</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134516/going-the-distance-building-peer-support-during-a-time-of-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Global Collaboration During Global Crisis a Response to Rigorous Field Education in Social Work</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Gerritsen-McKane">Ruth Gerritsen-McKane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sodhi"> Mimi Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Gray"> Lisa Gray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donette%20Considine"> Donette Considine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Kronner"> Henry Kronner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tameca%20Harris-Jackson"> Tameca Harris-Jackson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During these extraordinary times amid a global pandemic, political/civil unrest, and natural disasters, the need for appropriately trained professional social workers has never been stronger. Needs do not diminish but are heightened during such remarkable times. All too often, “developed” countries see the crisis in developing countries as uniquely theirs; 2020 has shown, there are no “others”; there is only us. Consequently, engaging in meaningful collaboration worldwide is essential! This presentation speaks to the fundamentals of global collaboration and, more importantly, how an in these trying times, the development of strong international partnerships can create opportunities for social work students across the planet to engage in meaningful field education opportunities. Accomplished by multiple modalities, a deeper understanding and response to social work students becoming formidable global citizens can be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20citizens" title="global citizens">global citizens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20crisis" title=" global crisis"> global crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20collaboration" title=" global collaboration"> global collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modalities" title=" modalities"> modalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134517/global-collaboration-during-global-crisis-a-response-to-rigorous-field-education-in-social-work" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> In-Situ Sludge Minimization Using Integrated Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Industrial Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Sodhi">Vijay Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charanjit%20Singh"> Charanjit Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Sodhi"> Neelam Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puneet%20P.%20S.%20Cheema"> Puneet P. S. Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20Sharma"> Reena Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mithilesh%20K.%20Jha"> Mithilesh K. Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management and secure disposal of the biosludge generated from widely commercialized conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatments become a potential environmental issue. Thus, a sustainable technological upgradation to the CAS for sludge yield minimization has recently been gained serious attention of the scientific community. A number of recently reported studies effectively addressed the remedial technological advancements that in monopoly limited to the municipal wastewater. Moreover, the critical review of the literature signifies side-stream sludge minimization as a complex task to maintain. In this work, therefore, a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration (named as AMOMOX process) for in-situ minimization of the excess biosludge generated from high organic strength tannery wastewater has been demonstrated. The AMOMOX collectively stands for anoxic MBBR (as AM), aerobic MBBR (OM) and an oxic CAS (OX). The AMOMOX configuration involved a combined arrangement of an anoxic MBBR and oxic MBBR coupled with the aerobic CAS. The AMOMOX system was run in parallel with an identical CAS reactor. Both system configurations were fed with same influent to judge the real-time operational changes. For the AMOMOX process, the strict maintenance of operational strategies resulted about 95% removal of NH4-N and SCOD from tannery wastewater. Here, the nourishment of filamentous microbiota and purposeful promotion of cell-lysis effectively sustained sludge yield (Yobs) lowering upto 0.51 kgVSS/kgCOD. As a result, the volatile sludge scarcity apparent in the AMOMOX system succeeded upto 47% reduction of the excess biosludge. The corroborated was further supported by FE-SEM imaging and thermogravimetric analysis. However, the detection of microbial strains habitat underlying extended SRT (23-26 days) of the AMOMOX system would be the matter of further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannery%20wastewater" title="tannery wastewater">tannery wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20bed%20biofilm%20reactor" title=" moving bed biofilm reactor"> moving bed biofilm reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludhe%20yield" title=" sludhe yield"> sludhe yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludge%20minimization" title=" sludge minimization"> sludge minimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solids%20retention%20time" title=" solids retention time"> solids retention time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167992/in-situ-sludge-minimization-using-integrated-moving-bed-biofilm-reactor-for-industrial-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Correlation between Electromyographic and Textural Parameters for Different Textured Indian Foods Using Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rustagi">S. Rustagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20S.%20Sodhi"> N. S. Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dhillon"> B. Dhillon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kaur"> T. Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to check whether there is any relationship between electromyographic (EMG) and textural parameters during food texture evaluation. In this study, a total of eighteen mastication variables were measured for entire mastication, per chew mastication and three different stages of mastication (viz. early, middle and late) by EMG for five different foods using eight human subjects. Cluster analysis was used to reduce the number of mastication variables from 18 to 5, so that principal component analysis (PCA) could be applied on them. The PCA further resulted in two meaningful principal components. The principal component scores for each food were measured and correlated with five textural parameters (viz. hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess and adhesiveness). Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.10) for cohesiveness and adhesiveness while if we reduce the significance level (p < 0.20) then chewiness also showed correlation with mastication parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title="electromyography">electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mastication" title=" mastication"> mastication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory" title=" sensory"> sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85029/correlation-between-electromyographic-and-textural-parameters-for-different-textured-indian-foods-using-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Behavior Consistency Analysis for Workflow Nets Based on Branching Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Mimi">Wang Mimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiang%20Changjun"> Jiang Changjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Guanjun"> Liu Guanjun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Xianwen"> Fang Xianwen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Loop structure often appears in the business process modeling, analyzing the consistency of corresponding workflow net models containing loop structure is a problem, the existing behavior consistency methods cannot analyze effectively the process models with the loop structure. In the paper, by analyzing five kinds of behavior relations of transitions, a three-dimensional figure and two-dimensional behavior relation matrix are proposed. Based on this, analysis method of behavior consistency of business process based on Petri net branching processes is proposed. Finally, an example is given out, which shows the method is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workflow%20net" title="workflow net">workflow net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20consistency%20measures" title=" behavior consistency measures"> behavior consistency measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop" title=" loop"> loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20process" title=" branching process"> branching process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41518/behavior-consistency-analysis-for-workflow-nets-based-on-branching-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Application of Hydrogen Peroxide and Polialuminum Chloride to Treat Palm Oil Mill Wastewater by Electrocoagulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nasrullah">M. Nasrullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Norsita"> Siti Norsita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zulrisam"> A. W. Zulrisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah"> Mimi Sakinah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and hydrogen peroxide on COD removal by electrocoagulation. The current density was varied between 30-80 mA cm−2, polyaluminum chloride (1-3 g L-1) as coagulant aid and 1 and 2 percent of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. It has been shown that 86.67% of COD was removed by the iron electrode in 180 min while 81.11% of COD was removed by the aluminum electrode in 210 min which indicate that iron was more effective than aluminum. As much as 88.25% COD was removed by using 80 mA cm−2 as compared to 72.86% by using 30 mA cm−2 in 240 min. When PAC and H2O2 increased, the percent of COD removal was increasing as well. The highest removal efficiency of 95.08% was achieved by adding 2% of H2O2 in addition of 3 g L−1 PAC. The general results demonstrate that electrocoagulation is very efficient and able to achieve more than 70% COD removal in 180 min at current density 30-80 mAcm-2 depending on the concentration of H2O2 and coagulant aid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocaogulation" title="electrocaogulation">electrocaogulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polialuminum%20chloride" title=" polialuminum chloride"> polialuminum chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20oxygen%20demand" title=" chemical oxygen demand"> chemical oxygen demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39820/application-of-hydrogen-peroxide-and-polialuminum-chloride-to-treat-palm-oil-mill-wastewater-by-electrocoagulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Production of Biodiesel Using Tannery Fleshing as a Feedstock via Solid-State Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Santhana%20Krishnan">C. Santhana Krishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Mimi%20Sakinah"> A. M. Mimi Sakinah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zularisam%20A.%20Wahid"> Zularisam A. Wahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was initiated to evaluate and optimize the conversion of animal fat from tannery wastes into methyl ester. In the pre-treatment stage, animal fats feedstock was hydrolysed and esterified through solid state fermentation (SSF) using <em>Microbacterium</em> species immobilized onto sand silica matrix. After 72 hours of fermentation, predominant esters in the animal fats were found to be with 83.9% conversion rate. Later, esterified animal fats were transesterified at 3 hour reaction time with 1% NaOH (w/v %), 6% methanol to oil ratio (w/v %) to produce 89% conversion rate. C<sub>13 </sub>NMR revealed long carbon chain in fatty acid methyl esters at 22.2817-31.9727 ppm. Methyl esters of palmitic, stearic, oleic represented the major components in biodiesel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannery%20wastes" title="tannery wastes">tannery wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20animal%20fleshing" title=" fatty animal fleshing"> fatty animal fleshing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-esterification" title=" trans-esterification"> trans-esterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20state%20fermentation" title=" solid state fermentation"> solid state fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45958/production-of-biodiesel-using-tannery-fleshing-as-a-feedstock-via-solid-state-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> The Effect of Immobilization Conditions on Hydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zularisam">A. W. Zularisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah%20Abdul%20Munaim"> Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the optimization of hydrogen production using polyethylene glycol (PEG) immobilized sludge was investigated in batch tests. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is used as a substrate that can act as a carbon source. Experiment focus on the effect of some important affecting factors on fermentative hydrogen production. Results showed that immobilized sludge demonstrated the maximum hydrogen production rate of 340 mL/L-POME/h under follow optimal condition: amount of biomass 10 mg VSS/ g bead, PEG concentration 10%, and cell age 24 h or 40 h. More importantly, immobilized sludge not only enhanced hydrogen production but can also tolerate the harsh environment and produce hydrogen at the wide ranges of pH. The present results indicate the potential of PEG-immobilized sludge for large-scale operations as well; these factors play an important role in stable and continuous hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioydrogen" title="bioydrogen">bioydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20glycol" title=" polyethylene glycol"> polyethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20fermentation" title=" dark fermentation "> dark fermentation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39206/the-effect-of-immobilization-conditions-on-hydrogen-production-from-palm-oil-mill-effluent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Implied Adjusted Volatility by Leland Option Pricing Models: Evidence from Australian Index Options</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Hafizah%20Abdullah">Mimi Hafizah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanani%20Farhah%20Harun"> Hanani Farhah Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Ruzni%20Nik%20Idris"> Nik Ruzni Nik Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the implied volatility as an important factor in financial decision-making, in particular in option pricing valuation, and also the given fact that the pricing biases of Leland option pricing models and the implied volatility structure for the options are related, this study considers examining the implied adjusted volatility smile patterns and term structures in the S&P/ASX 200 index options using the different Leland option pricing models. The examination of the implied adjusted volatility smiles and term structures in the Australian index options market covers the global financial crisis in the mid-2007. The implied adjusted volatility was found to escalate approximately triple the rate prior the crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implied%20adjusted%20volatility" title="implied adjusted volatility">implied adjusted volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crisis" title=" financial crisis"> financial crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leland%20option%20pricing%20models" title=" Leland option pricing models"> Leland option pricing models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australian%20index%20options" title=" Australian index options"> Australian index options</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9747/implied-adjusted-volatility-by-leland-option-pricing-models-evidence-from-australian-index-options" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Bioethanol Synthesis Using Cellulose Recovered from Biowaste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Faisal%20Najmuldeen">Ghazi Faisal Najmuldeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noridah%20Abdullah"> Noridah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah"> Mimi Sakinah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates, Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as castor shell waste, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production Cellulose extracted from biomass sources is considered the future feedstock for many products due to the availability and eco-friendly nature of cellulose. In this study, castor shell (CS) biowaste resulted from the extraction of Castor oil from castor seeds was evaluated as a potential source of cellulose. The cellulose was extracted after pretreatment process was done on the CS. The pretreatment process began with the removal of other extractives from CS, then an alkaline treatment, bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide, and followed by a mixture of acetic and nitric acids. CS cellulose was analysed by infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result showed that the overall process was adequate to produce cellulose with high purity and crystallinity from CS waste. The cellulose was then hydrolyzed to produce glucose and then fermented to bioethanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castor%20shell" title=" castor shell"> castor shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biowaste" title=" biowaste"> biowaste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45623/bioethanol-synthesis-using-cellulose-recovered-from-biowaste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Disparity of Learning Styles and Cognitive Abilities in Vocational Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Mohaffyza%20Mohamad">Mimi Mohaffyza Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yee%20Mei%20Heong"> Yee Mei Heong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurfirdawati%20Muhammad%20Hanafi"> Nurfirdawati Muhammad Hanafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tee%20Tze%20Kiong"> Tee Tze Kiong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is conducted to investigate the disparity of between learning styles and cognitive abilities specifically in Vocational Education. Felder and Silverman Learning Styles Model (FSLSM) was applied to measure the students’ learning styles while the content in Building Construction Subject consists; knowledge, skills and problem solving were taken into account in constructing the elements of cognitive abilities. There are four dimension of learning styles proposed by Felder and Silverman intended to capture student learning preferences with regards to processing either active or reflective, perception based on sensing or intuitive, input of information used visual or verbal and understanding information represent with sequential or global learner. The study discovered that students are tending to be visual learners and each type of learner having significant difference whereas cognitive abilities. The finding may help teachers to facilitate students more effectively and to boost the student’s cognitive abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20styles" title="learning styles">learning styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20abilities" title=" cognitive abilities"> cognitive abilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimension%20of%20learning%20styles" title=" dimension of learning styles"> dimension of learning styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20preferences" title=" learning preferences"> learning preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2036/disparity-of-learning-styles-and-cognitive-abilities-in-vocational-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Optimization of Immobilization Conditions for Biohydrogen Production from Palm Industry Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zularisam">A. W. Zularisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sveta%20Thakur"> Sveta Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah%20Abdul%20Munaim"> Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clostridium sp. LS2 was immobilised by entrapment in polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel beads to improve the biohydrogen production rate from palm oil mill effluent (POME). We sought to explore and optimise the hydrogen production capability of the immobilised cells by studying the conditions for cell immobilisation, including PEG concentration, cell loading and curing times, as well as the effects of temperature and K2HPO4 (500–2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (0.1–5.0 mg/L), FeCl2 (100–400 mg/L) MgSO4 (50–200 mg/L) concentrations on hydrogen production rate. The results showed that by optimising the PEG concentration (10% w/v), initial biomass (2.2 g dry weight), curing time (80 min) and temperature (37 °C), as well as the concentrations of K2HPO4 (2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (1 mg/L), FeCl2 (300 mg/L) and MgSO4 (100 mg/L), a maximum hydrogen production rate of 7.3 L/L-POME/day and a yield of 0.31 L H2/g chemical oxygen demand were obtained during continuous operation. We believe that this process may be potentially expanded for sustained and large-scale hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20glycol" title=" polyethylene glycol"> polyethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell" title=" immobilised cell"> immobilised cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960/the-optimization-of-immobilization-conditions-for-biohydrogen-production-from-palm-industry-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Bacterial Properties of Camellia sinensis, Tea Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rini%20Jarial">Rini Jarial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puranjan%20Mishra"> Puranjan Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sveta%20Thakur"> Sveta Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zularisam"> A. W. Zularisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah"> Mimi Sakinah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to assess the biological properties of Camellia sinensis and to identify its functional compounds. The methanolic leaves-extract (MLE) of commercial green tea (Camellia sinensis) was assessed for anti-bacterial activities by measuring inhibition zones against a panel of pathogenic bacterial strains using agar diffusion method. The flavonoid (5.0 to 8.0 mg/ml) and protein content (10 to 15 mg/ml) of the MLE were recorded. MLE at a concentration of 25 μg/ml showed marked anti-bacterial activity against all bacterial strains (11-30 mm zone of inhibition) and was maximum against Staphylococcus aureus (30 mm). The MLE of Camellia sinensis had the best MIC values of 2.25 and 0.56 mg/ml against S. aureus and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The MLE also possessed good anti-lipolytic activity (65%) against a Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and cholesterol oxidase inhibition (79%). The present study provided strong experimental evidences that the MLE of Camellia sinensis is not only a potent source of natural anti-oxidants and anti-bacterial activity but also possesses efficient cholesterol degradation and anti-lipolytic activities that might be beneficial in the body weight management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-oxidant" title="anti-oxidant">anti-oxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-bacterial%20activity" title=" anti-bacterial activity"> anti-bacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-lipolytic%20activity" title=" anti-lipolytic activity"> anti-lipolytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camellia%20sinensis" title=" Camellia sinensis"> Camellia sinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phyto-chemicals" title=" phyto-chemicals"> phyto-chemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46770/anti-oxidant-and-anti-bacterial-properties-of-camellia-sinensis-tea-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Equipment Donation: A Perspective from a Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital in North India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitender%20Sodhi">Jitender Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20Talati"> Shweta Talati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Gupta"> A. K. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Arora"> Pankaj Arora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background:Equipment donation to hospitals in resource-limited settings can significantly benefit services in these settings albeit requires important ethical, practical and financial issues to be considered before accepting donations. Objective: To understand the decision making process leading to acceptance/ rejection/ deferment of equipment donation from the perspective of a public sector teaching tertiary care hospital. Design: Retrospective, record based study. Setting: 2000-bedded public sector teaching tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: A total of 30 cases of equipment donation from March 2010-October 2013, were analysed for their decision process leading to acceptance/rejection/deferment.Each case was studied retrospectively and data pertaining to the agenda and decision taken was collected. Results: A total of 30 cases of equipment donation received from March 2010- October 2013 were screened, out of which 17 (56.6%) were for diagnostic purpose and 13 (43.3%) for therapeutic purpose. Out of 30 cases, 16 (53.3%) were accepted and 8 (26.6%) were rejected. The remaining 6 cases included 3 (10%) which required further clarification and other 3 (10%) which were out of the domain of committee. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of equipment donation in resource limited settings and considerations involved while making decisions for acceptance/rejections/defermentof such donations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipment%20donation" title="equipment donation">equipment donation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20hospital" title=" teaching hospital"> teaching hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20India" title=" North India"> North India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17717/equipment-donation-a-perspective-from-a-teaching-tertiary-care-hospital-in-north-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Rural Water Supply Services in India: Developing a Composite Summary Score</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Roy">Mimi Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriroop%20Chaudhuri"> Sriroop Chaudhuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable water supply is among the basic needs for human development, especially in the rural areas of the developing nations where safe water supply and basic sanitation infrastructure is direly needed. In light of the above, we propose a simple methodology to develop a composite water sustainability index (WSI) to assess the collective performance of the existing rural water supply services (RWSS) in India over time. The WSI will be computed by summarizing the details of all the different varieties of water supply schemes presently available in India comprising of 40 liters per capita per day (lpcd), 55 lpcd, and piped water supply (PWS) per household. The WSI will be computed annually, between 2010 and 2016, to elucidate changes in holistic RWSS performances. Results will be integrated within a robust geospatial framework to identify the ‘hotspots’ (states/districts) which have persistent issues over adequate RWSS coverage and warrant spatially-optimized policy reforms in future to address sustainable human development. Dataset will be obtained from the National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP), operating under the aegis of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS), at state/district/block levels to offer the authorities a cross-sectional view of RWSS at different levels of administrative hierarchy. Due to simplistic design, complemented by spatio-temporal cartograms, similar approaches can also be adopted in other parts of the world where RWSS need a thorough appraisal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20water%20supply%20services" title="rural water supply services">rural water supply services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piped%20water%20supply" title=" piped water supply"> piped water supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20index" title=" composite index"> composite index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71515/rural-water-supply-services-in-india-developing-a-composite-summary-score" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Pain Management Program in Helping Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Their Informal Caregivers to Manage Pain and Related Situations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20My%20Tse">Mimi My Tse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain is high among community-dwelling older adults. Pain affects physical and psychosocial abilities. Older adults tend to be less mobile and have a high tendency to fall risk. In addition, older adults with pain are depressed, anxious, and not too willing to join social activities. This will make them feel very lonely and social isolation. Instead of giving pain management education and programs to older adults/clients, both older adults and their caregivers, it is sad to find that the majority of existing services are given to older adults only. Given the importance of family members in increasing compliance with health-promoting programs, we proposed to offer pain management programs to both older adults with his/her caregiver as a “dyad.” We used the Health Promotion Model and implemented a dyadic pain management program (DPM). The DPM is an 8-week group-based program. The DPM comprises 4 weeks of center-based, face-to-face activities and 4 weeks of digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. There were 30 dyads (15 in the experimental group with DPM and 15 in the control group with pain education pamphlets). Upon the completion of DPM, pain intensity and pain interference were significantly lower in the intervention group as compared to the control group. At the same time, physical function showed significant improvement and lower depression scores in the intervention group. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential benefits of involving caregivers in the management of chronic pain for older adults. This approach should be widely promoted in managing chronic pain situations for community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title="pain">pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20adults" title=" older adults"> older adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyadic%20approach" title=" dyadic approach"> dyadic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172757/pain-management-program-in-helping-community-dwelling-older-adults-and-their-informal-caregivers-to-manage-pain-and-related-situations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effect of Phaseolus vulgaris Inoculation on P. vulgaris and Zea mays Growth and Yield Cultivated in Intercropping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour%20Elhouda%20Abed">Nour Elhouda Abed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bedj%20Mimi"> Bedj Mimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahid%20Slimani"> Wahid Slimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Atif"> Mourad Atif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhakim%20Ouzzane"> Abdelhakim Ouzzane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hocine%20Irekti"> Hocine Irekti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Bekki"> Abdelkader Bekki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most frequent system of cereal production in Algeria is fallow-wheat. This is an extensive system that meets only the half needs some cereals and fodder demand. Resorption of fallow has become a strategic necessity to ensure food security in response to the instability of supply and the persistence of higher food prices on the world market. Despite several attempts to replace the fallow by crop cultures, choosing the best crop remains. Today, the agronomic and economic interests of legumes are demonstrated. However, their crop culture remains marginalized because of the weakness and instability of their performance. In the context of improving legumes and cereals crops as well as fallow resorption, we undertook to test, in the field, the effect of rhizobial inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris in association with Zea Mays. We firstly studied the genetic diversity of rhizobial strains that nodulate P.vulgaris isolated from fifteen (15) different regions. ARDRA had shown 18 different genetic profiles. Symbiotic characterization highlighted a strain that highly significantly improved the fresh and dry weight of the host plant, in comparison to the negative control (un-inoculated) and the positive control (inoculated with the reference strain CIAT 899). In the field, the selected strain increased significantly the growth and yield of P.vulgaris and Zea Mays comparing to the non-inoculated control. However, the mix inoculation (selected strain+ Ciat 899) had not given the best parameters showing, thus, no synergy between the strains. These results indicate the replacing fallow by a crop legume in intercropping with cereals crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fallow" title="fallow">fallow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercropping" title=" intercropping"> intercropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inoculation" title=" inoculation"> inoculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legumes-cereals" title=" legumes-cereals"> legumes-cereals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44441/effect-of-phaseolus-vulgaris-inoculation-on-p-vulgaris-and-zea-mays-growth-and-yield-cultivated-in-intercropping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">&copy; 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

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