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href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victorian_theatrical_burlesque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorian_theatrical_burlesque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Victorian theatrical burlesque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorian_theatrical_burlesque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_burlesque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_burlesque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>American burlesque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_burlesque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Burlesque</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="قصص التهريج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصص التهريج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesk" title="Burlesk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Burlesk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Бурлеска (літаратура) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бурлеска (літаратура)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Бурлеск – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бурлеск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурлеска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бурлеска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesc" title="Burlesc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Burlesc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleska" title="Burleska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Burleska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwrl%C3%A9sg" title="Bwrlésg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwrlésg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burleske" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesko" title="Burlesko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Burlesko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="بورلسک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بورلسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC" title="벌레스크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벌레스크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AF" title="Բուռլեսկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուռլեսկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="व्यंग्यरचना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यंग्यरचना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="בורלסקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בורלסקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleszk" title="Burleszk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Burleszk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурлеска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бурлеска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burleske" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF" title="バーレスク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーレスク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesk" title="Burlesk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Burlesk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesk" title="Burlesk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Burlesk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borlesc" title="Borlesc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Borlesc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleska" title="Burleska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Burleska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesco" title="Burlesco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Burlesco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Бурлеск – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бурлеск" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleska" title="Burleska – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Burleska" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="බර්ලෙස්ක් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බර්ලෙස්ක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Burlesque" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3%DA%AA" title="برلسڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برلسڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleska" title="Burleska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Burleska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бурлеска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бурлеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleska" title="Burleska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Burleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burleski" title="Burleski – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Burleski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesk" title="Burlesk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Burlesk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เรื่องขบขันล้อเลียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรื่องขบขันล้อเลียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesk" title="Burlesk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Burlesk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Бурлеск – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бурлеск" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217117#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Burlesque" rel="discussion" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Literary, dramatic or musical work or genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Burlesque_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Burlesque (disambiguation)">Burlesque (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg/300px-The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg/450px-The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg/600px-The_High_Rollers_Extravaganza_Co._-_Bend_Her_-_c.1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>Burlesque on <i><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur:_A_Tale_of_the_Christ" title="Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ">Ben-Hur</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>burlesque</b> is a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word derives from the Italian <i><i lang="it"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burlesco#Italian" class="extiw" title="wikt:burlesco">burlesco</a></i></i>, which, in turn, is derived from the Italian <i><i lang="it"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burla#Italian" class="extiw" title="wikt:burla">burla</a></i></i> – a joke, ridicule or mockery.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burlesque overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/travesty#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:travesty">travesty</a>, and, in its theatrical form, with <a href="/wiki/Extravaganza" title="Extravaganza">extravaganza</a>, as presented during the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">Victorian era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "burlesque" has been used in English in this literary and theatrical sense since the late 17th century. It has been applied retrospectively to works of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> and to the Graeco-Roman classics.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldick_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrasting examples of literary burlesque are <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(poet)" title="Samuel Butler (poet)">Samuel Butler</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hudibras" title="Hudibras">Hudibras</a></i>. An example of musical burlesque is <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>'s 1890 <a href="/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske">Burleske for piano and orchestra</a>. Examples of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">theatrical burlesques</a> include <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Devil_(Gilbert)" title="Robert the Devil (Gilbert)">Robert the Devil</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/A._C._Torr" class="mw-redirect" title="A. C. Torr">A. C. Torr</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lutz" title="Meyer Lutz">Meyer Lutz</a> shows, including <i><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Blas_and_the_Blase_Roue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruy Blas and the Blase Roue">Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué</a></i>. </p><p>A later use of the term, <a href="/wiki/American_burlesque" title="American burlesque">particularly in the United States</a>, refers to performances in a <a href="/wiki/Variety_show" title="Variety show">variety show</a> format. These were popular from the 1860s to the 1940s, often in <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabarets</a> and clubs, as well as theatres, and featured bawdy comedy and female <a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">striptease</a>. Some Hollywood films attempted to recreate the spirit of these performances from the 1930s to the 1960s, or included burlesque-style scenes within dramatic films, such as 1972's <i><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(1972_film)" title="Cabaret (1972 film)">Cabaret</a></i> and 1979's <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Jazz_(film)" title="All That Jazz (film)">All That Jazz</a></i>, among others. There has been a <a href="/wiki/Neo-burlesque" title="Neo-burlesque">resurgence of interest</a> in this format since the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_origins_and_development">Literary origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Literary origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg/170px-Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg/255px-Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Arabella-Fermor-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arabella_Fermor" title="Arabella Fermor">Arabella Fermor</a>, target of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The word first appears in a title in <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Berni" title="Francesco Berni">Francesco Berni</a>'s <i>Opere burlesche</i> of the early 16th century, works that had circulated widely in manuscript before they were printed. For a time, burlesque verses were known as <i>poesie bernesca</i> in his honour. "Burlesque" as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France, and subsequently England, where it referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s Pyramus and Thisbe scene in <i><a href="/wiki/Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Midsummer Night's Dream">Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i> and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Knight_of_the_Burning_Pestle" title="The Knight of the Burning Pestle">The Knight of the Burning Pestle</a></i> were early examples of such imitation.<sup id="cite_ref-stanton_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a> ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among Cervantes' works are <i><a href="/wiki/Exemplary_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Exemplary Novels">Exemplary Novels</a></i> and the <i>Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes</i> published in 1615.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term burlesque has been applied retrospectively to works of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a> and Shakespeare and to the Graeco-Roman classics.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldick_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burlesque was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. In this, the term was often used interchangeably with "<a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a>", and the 17th and 18th century genre of the "<a href="/wiki/Mock-heroic" title="Mock-heroic">mock-heroic</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: <b>High burlesque</b> refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner was applied to a commonplace or comically inappropriate subject matter as, for example, in the literary <a href="/wiki/Parody#English_term" title="Parody">parody</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mock-heroic" title="Mock-heroic">mock-heroic</a>. One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque is <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>'s "sly, knowing and courtly" <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Low burlesque</b> applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(1612%E2%80%931680)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Butler (1612–1680)">Samuel Butler</a>'s poem <i><a href="/wiki/Hudibras" title="Hudibras">Hudibras</a></i>, which described the misadventures of a Puritan knight in satiric <a href="/wiki/Doggerel" title="Doggerel">doggerel</a> verse, using a colloquial idiom. Butler's addition to his comic poem of an ethical subtext made his caricatures into <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent times, burlesque true to its literary origins is still performed in <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stanton_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanton-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>'s 1974 play <i><a href="/wiki/Travesties" title="Travesties">Travesties</a></i> is an example of a full-length play drawing on the burlesque tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_music">In music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody music</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the early 18th century, the term burlesque was used throughout Europe to describe musical works in which serious and comic elements were juxtaposed or combined to achieve a grotesque effect.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As derived from literature and theatre, "burlesque" was used, and is still used, in music to indicate a bright or high-spirited mood, sometimes in contrast to seriousness.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this sense of farce and exaggeration rather than parody, it appears frequently on the German-language stage between the middle of the 19th century and the 1920s. Burlesque operettas were written by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a> (<i>Die lustigen Weiber von Wien</i>, 1868),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Michael_Ziehrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Michael Ziehrer">Ziehrer</a> (<i>Mahomed's Paradies</i>, 1866; <i>Das Orakel zu Delfi</i>, 1872; <i>Cleopatra, oder Durch drei Jahrtausende</i>, 1875; <i>In fünfzig Jahren</i>, 1911)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Granichstaedten" title="Bruno Granichstaedten">Bruno Granichstaedten</a> (<i>Casimirs Himmelfahrt</i>, 1911). French references to burlesque are less common than German, though <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9try" title="André Grétry">Grétry</a> composed for a "drame burlesque" (<i>Matroco</i>, 1777).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a> called his 1916 one-act chamber opera-ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Renard_(Stravinsky)" title="Renard (Stravinsky)">Renard</a></i> (<i>The Fox</i>) a <i>"Histoire burlesque chantée et jouée"</i> (<i>burlesque tale sung and played</i>) and his 1911 ballet <i><a href="/wiki/Petrushka_(ballet)" title="Petrushka (ballet)">Petrushka</a></i> a "burlesque in four scenes". A later example is the 1927 burlesque operetta by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Ernst Krenek</a> entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Schwergewicht" title="Schwergewicht">Schwergewicht</a></i> (<i>Heavyweight</i>) (1927). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Strauss_-_Neal_O%27Doan_-_Burleske.ogg" title="File:Richard Strauss - Neal O'Doan - Burleske.ogg">Burleske</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="1275" data-mwtitle="Richard_Strauss_-_Neal_O'Doan_-_Burleske.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Richard_Strauss_-_Neal_O%27Doan_-_Burleske.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Richard_Strauss_-_Neal_O%27Doan_-_Burleske.ogg/Richard_Strauss_-_Neal_O%27Doan_-_Burleske.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><i><a href="/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske">Burleske</a></i> (1885–86), by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>. Performed by Neal O'Doan with the Seattle Philharmonic Orchestra</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Some orchestral and chamber works have also been designated as burlesques, of which two early examples are the Ouverture-Suite <i>Burlesque de Quixotte</i>, TWV 55, by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a> and the Sinfonia Burlesca by <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> (1760). Another often-performed piece is <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>'s 1890 <a href="/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske">Burleske for piano and orchestra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kennedy_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kennedy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples include the following: </p> <ul><li>1901: Six Burlesques, Op. 58 for piano four hands by <a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Max Reger</a></li> <li>1904: Scherzo Burlesque, Op. 2 for piano and orchestra by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></li> <li>1911: Three Burlesques, Op. 8c for piano by Bartók</li> <li>1920: Burlesque for Piano, by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Bax" title="Arnold Bax">Arnold Bax</a></li> <li>1931: Ronde burlesque, Op. 78 for orchestra by <a href="/wiki/Florent_Schmitt" title="Florent Schmitt">Florent Schmitt</a></li> <li>1932: Fantaisie burlesque, for piano by <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a></li> <li>1956: Burlesque for Piano and Chamber Orchestra, Op. 13g by <a href="/wiki/Bertold_Hummel" title="Bertold Hummel">Bertold Hummel</a></li> <li>1982: Burlesque for Wind Quintet, Op. 76b by Hummel</li></ul> <p>Burlesque can be used to describe particular movements of instrumental musical compositions, often involving dance rhythms. Examples are the Burlesca, in <a href="/wiki/Partitas,_BWV_825-830" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitas, BWV 825-830">Partita No. 3 for keyboard (BWV 827)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a>, the "Rondo-Burleske" third movement of <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 9</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>, and the "Burlesque" fourth movement of <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Violin Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)">Shostakovich's Violin Concerto No. 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jazz">Jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of burlesque has not been confined to classical music. Well-known <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> travesties include <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Rag_(composition)" title="Russian Rag (composition)">Russian Rag</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/George_L._Cobb" title="George L. Cobb">George L. Cobb</a>, which is based on <a href="/wiki/Rachmaninoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prelude_in_C-sharp_minor_(Rachmaninoff)" title="Prelude in C-sharp minor (Rachmaninoff)">Prelude in C-sharp minor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Alford" title="Harry L. Alford">Harry Alford</a>'s <i>Lucy's Sextette</i> based on the <a href="/wiki/Sextet" title="Sextet">sextet</a>, 'Chi mi frena in tal momento?', from <i><a href="/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victorian_theatrical_burlesque">Victorian theatrical burlesque</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Victorian theatrical burlesque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florence_St._John.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Florence_St._John.jpg/150px-Florence_St._John.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Florence_St._John.jpg/225px-Florence_St._John.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Florence_St._John.jpg/300px-Florence_St._John.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Florence_St._John" title="Florence St. John">Florence St. John</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_up_to_Data" title="Carmen up to Data">Carmen up to Data</a></i></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">Victorian burlesque</a></div> <p>Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as "travesty" or "<a href="/wiki/Extravaganza" title="Extravaganza">extravaganza</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was popular in London theatres between the 1830s and the 1890s. It took the form of <a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">musical theatre parody</a> in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, often risqué in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and quoting or <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiching</a> text or music from the original work. The comedy often stemmed from the incongruity and absurdity of the classical subjects, with realistic historical dress and settings, being juxtaposed with the modern activities portrayed by the actors. <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Elizabeth_Vestris" title="Lucia Elizabeth Vestris">Madame Vestris</a> produced burlesques at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Theatre" title="Olympic Theatre">Olympic Theatre</a> beginning in 1831 with <i>Olympic Revels</i> by <a href="/wiki/J._R._Planch%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="J. R. Planché">J. R. Planché</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors of burlesques included <a href="/wiki/H._J._Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="H. J. Byron">H. J. Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._R._Sims" class="mw-redirect" title="G. R. Sims">G. R. Sims</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._C._Burnand" title="F. C. Burnand">F. C. Burnand</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Leslie" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Leslie">Fred Leslie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times70_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times70-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faustupto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Faustupto.jpg/170px-Faustupto.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/71/Faustupto.jpg/255px-Faustupto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/71/Faustupto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Sheet music from <i><a href="/wiki/Faust_up_to_Date" title="Faust up to Date">Faust up to Date</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg/150px-Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg/225px-Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg/300px-Ruy-blas-programme-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Souvenir_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Souvenir programme">Programme</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Blas_and_the_Blase_Roue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruy Blas and the Blase Roue">Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> "with the addition of gags and 'turns'."<sup id="cite_ref-grove_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early burlesques, following the example of <a href="/wiki/Ballad_opera" title="Ballad opera">ballad opera</a>, the words of the songs were written to popular music;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later burlesques mixed the music of <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a>, and some of the more ambitious shows had original music composed for them. This English style of burlesque was successfully introduced to New York in the 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.<sup id="cite_ref-marvin_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marvin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wells_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets, liberally peppered with bad <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">puns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical example from a burlesque of <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>: Macbeth and Banquo enter under an umbrella, and the witches greet them with "Hail! hail! hail!" Macbeth asks Banquo, "What mean these salutations, noble thane?" and is told, "These showers of 'Hail' anticipate your 'reign<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-wells_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A staple of burlesque was the display of attractive women in <a href="/wiki/Breeches_role" title="Breeches role">travesty roles</a>, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqué.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burlesque became the speciality of certain London theatres, including the <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_London" title="Gaiety Theatre, London">Gaiety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Strand_Theatre" title="Royal Strand Theatre">Royal Strand Theatre</a> from the 1860s to the early 1890s. Until the 1870s, burlesques were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiches</a> and parodies of popular songs, opera <a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a> and other music that the audience would readily recognize. The house stars included <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Farren" title="Nellie Farren">Nellie Farren</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_D%27Auban" title="John D'Auban">John D'Auban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Connor_Terry" title="Edward O'Connor Terry">Edward Terry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Leslie" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Leslie">Fred Leslie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times70_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times70-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Timesobit_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timesobit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From about 1880, Victorian burlesques grew longer, until they were a whole evening's entertainment rather than part of a double- or triple-bill.<sup id="cite_ref-times70_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times70-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1890s, these burlesques went out of fashion in London, and the focus of the Gaiety and other burlesque theatres changed to the new more wholesome but less literary genre of <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_musical_comedy" title="Edwardian musical comedy">Edwardian musical comedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_burlesque">American burlesque</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American burlesque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_burlesque" title="American burlesque">American burlesque</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg/150px-Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg/225px-Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg/300px-Bon-Ton_Burlesquers2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="2613" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for a US burlesque troupe, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>American burlesque shows were originally an offshoot of Victorian burlesque. The English genre had been successfully staged in New York from the 1840s, and it was popularised by a visiting British burlesque troupe, <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Thompson" title="Lydia Thompson">Lydia Thompson</a> and the "British Blondes", beginning in 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-Friends_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friends-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York burlesque shows soon incorporated elements and the structure of the popular <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel shows</a>. They consisted of three parts: first, songs and ribald comic sketches by low comedians; second, assorted <a href="/wiki/Olio_(musical_number)" title="Olio (musical number)">olios</a> and male acts, such as acrobats, magicians and solo singers; and third, chorus numbers and sometimes a burlesque in the English style on politics or a current play. The entertainment was usually concluded by an exotic dancer or a wrestling or boxing match.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg/150px-Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg/225px-Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg/300px-Gypsy_Rose_Lee_NYWTS_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="2685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Rose_Lee" title="Gypsy Rose Lee">Gypsy Rose Lee</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The entertainments were given in clubs and cabarets, as well as music halls and theatres. By the early 20th century, there were two national circuits of burlesque shows competing with the <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> circuit, as well as resident companies in New York, such as <a href="/wiki/Minsky%27s_Burlesque" title="Minsky's Burlesque">Minsky's</a> at the Winter Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transition from burlesque on the old lines to striptease was gradual. At first, <a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">soubrettes</a> showed off their figures while singing and dancing; some were less active but compensated by appearing in elaborate stage costumes.<sup id="cite_ref-humez_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humez-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strippers gradually supplanted the singing and dancing soubrettes; by 1932 there were at least 150 strip principals in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-humez_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humez-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Star strippers included <a href="/wiki/Sally_Rand" title="Sally Rand">Sally Rand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Rose_Lee" title="Gypsy Rose Lee">Gypsy Rose Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tempest_Storm" title="Tempest Storm">Tempest Storm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lili_St._Cyr" title="Lili St. Cyr">Lili St. Cyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaze_Starr" title="Blaze Starr">Blaze Starr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Corio" title="Ann Corio">Ann Corio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margie_Hart" class="mw-redirect" title="Margie Hart">Margie Hart</a>, who was celebrated enough to be mentioned in song lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Hart" title="Lorenz Hart">Lorenz Hart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-humez_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humez-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1930s, burlesque shows would have up to six strippers supported by one or two comics and a master of ceremonies. Comics who appeared in burlesque early in their careers included <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Brice" title="Fanny Brice">Fanny Brice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._C._Fields" title="W. C. Fields">W. C. Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Thomas" title="Danny Thomas">Danny Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Caesar" title="Sid Caesar">Sid Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Tucker" title="Sophie Tucker">Sophie Tucker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-humez_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humez-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg/150px-MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg/225px-MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg/300px-MichelleLAmourFanDance2641.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michelle_L%27amour" title="Michelle L'amour">Michelle L'amour</a>, 2005 <a href="/wiki/Miss_Exotic_World_Pageant" title="Miss Exotic World Pageant">Miss Exotic World</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The uninhibited atmosphere of burlesque establishments owed much to the free flow of alcoholic liquor, and the enforcement of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a> was a serious blow.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New York, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._La_Guardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiorello H. La Guardia">Fiorello H. La Guardia</a> clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lingered on elsewhere in the US, increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, reached "its final shabby demise."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both during its declining years and afterwards there have been films that sought to capture American burlesque, including <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Burlesque" title="Lady of Burlesque">Lady of Burlesque</a></i> (1943),<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Striporama" title="Striporama">Striporama</a></i> (1953),<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_They_Raided_Minsky%27s" title="The Night They Raided Minsky's">The Night They Raided Minsky's</a></i> (1968).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg/220px-Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg/330px-Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg/440px-Stage_Door_Johnnies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4518" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>The "Stage Door Johnnies", Burlesque Hall of Fame, Las Vegas, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent decades, there has been a revival of burlesque, sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Neo-Burlesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Burlesque">Neo-Burlesque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on both sides of the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-tws2E35_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tws2E35-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new generation, nostalgic for the spectacle and perceived glamour of the classic American burlesque, developed a cult following for the art in the early 1990s at Billie Madley's "Cinema" and later at the "Dutch Weismann's Follies" revues in New York City, "The Velvet Hammer" troupe in Los Angeles and The Shim-Shamettes in New Orleans. Ivan Kane's Royal Jelly Burlesque Nightclub at <a href="/wiki/Revel_Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Revel Atlantic City">Revel Atlantic City</a> opened in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable Neo-burlesque performers include <a href="/wiki/Dita_Von_Teese" title="Dita Von Teese">Dita Von Teese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Atlas_Muz" title="Julie Atlas Muz">Julie Atlas Muz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agitprop" title="Agitprop">Agitprop</a> groups like <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Red_Light" title="Cabaret Red Light">Cabaret Red Light</a> incorporated political satire and performance art into their burlesque shows. Annual conventions such as the <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_International_Burlesque_Festival" title="Vancouver International Burlesque Festival">Vancouver International Burlesque Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Exotic_World_Pageant" title="Miss Exotic World Pageant">Miss Exotic World Pageant</a> are held.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub_act" title="Nightclub act">Nightclub act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oed-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/24999">"Burlesque"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, accessed 16 February 2011 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In theatrical use, a burla was "a comic interlude or practical joke introduced, usually extempore, into a performance by the servant masks of the <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a> ... developed at will into a small independent 'turn', the characters returning at its conclusion to the main theme of the plot". See Hartnoll, Phyllis and Peter Found. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t79.e492">"Burla"</a>, <i>The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre</i>, Oxford University Press, 1996. Oxford Reference Online, accessed 16 February 2011 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-90100-43624043/the-new-york-clipper-vol-62-september#fullscreen">"Burlesque News – The Growth of Burlesque"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Clipper" title="New York Clipper">New York Clipper</a></i>, Vol. 62, No. 31, September 12, 1914, p. 18 (accessed February 28, 2017, <i>via</i> <a href="/wiki/MyHeritage" title="MyHeritage">MyHeritage</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/H._W._Fowler" title="H. W. Fowler">Fowler, H. W.</a>, rev. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gowers" title="Ernest Gowers">Sir Ernest Gowers</a> (1965). <i>Modern English Usage</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 68 and 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baldick-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baldick_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldick_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldick, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t56.e153">"Burlesque"</a>, <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms</i>, Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press, accessed 16 February 2011 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSankar-Gorton2015" class="citation web cs1">Sankar-Gorton, Eliza (30 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/eliza-sankargorton/burlesque-is-back-and-here-is-what-you-need-to-know-about-it_b_7176112.html">"Burlesque Is Back and Here Is What You Need to Know About It"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"All froth and bubble", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i>, 1 October 1976, p. 1233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, pp. 290–91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hudibras</i> was so popular that it became the subject of parody itself. See Sanders, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, p. 50; and Hunter, Jim (1982) <i>Tom Stoppard's Plays</i>. London: Faber and Faber, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-11903-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-11903-4">0-571-11903-4</a>, pp. 23–33, 141–146 and 237–242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kennedy-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kennedy_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Kennedy, Michael</a> (2006), <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Music</i>, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamb, Andrew (1992), "Strauss, Johann" in <i>The <a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Opera">New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7">0-333-73432-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamb, Andrew (1992), "Ziehrer, C. M." in <i>The <a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Opera">New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, ed. 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Camden Town"</a>, <i>The Mirror</i>, 18 February 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliverie, Kristin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailymeal.com/burlesque-word-atlantic-city-s-revel">"Burlesque Is the Word at Atlantic City's Revel"</a>, <i>The Daily Meal</i>, accessed 18 June 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sohn, Amy. <i>Teasy Does It</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/nightlife/sex/columns/nakedcity/9210/">New York Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720001802/http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/nightlife/sex/columns/nakedcity/9210/">Archived</a> 2008-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 21 May 2005, accessed 24 February 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clodfelter, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.journalnow.com/content/2008/jan/31/this-aint-your-granddads-burlesque-but-he-sure-wou/">"This ain't your granddad's burlesque – but he sure wouldn't mind watching"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20091007195534/http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2008/jan/31/this-aint-your-granddads-burlesque-but-he-sure-wou/">Archived</a> 2009-10-07 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>, 31 January 2008, accessed 24 February 2011</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams, M. H.</a> (1999) <i>A Glossary of Literary Terms</i>. Seventh edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers</li> <li>Adams, William Davenport (1904) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tjwOAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22faust+up+to+date%22+stone+florence+lonnen&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0"><i>A dictionary of the drama</i></a> London: Chatto & Windus</li> <li>Allan, Kirsty L. 'A Guide to Classical Burlesque – Funny Ha Ha or Funny Peculiar?'</li> <li>Allan, Kirsty L. and Charms, G. 'Diamonds From the Rough – The Darker Side of American Burlesque striptease'</li> <li>Allen, Robert Clyde (1991). <i>Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-1960-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-1960-3">0-8078-1960-3</a></li> <li>Baldwin, Michelle. <i>Burlesque and the New Bump-n-Grind</i></li> <li>Briggeman, Jane (2009) <i>Burlesque: A Living History</i>. BearManor Media, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59393-469-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59393-469-9">978-1-59393-469-9</a></li> <li>DiNardo, Kelly. "Gilded Lili: Lili St. Cyr and the Striptease Mystique"; Archive of articles, video, pictures and interviews about neo-burlesque.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye, Northrop</a>. (1957) <i>Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays.</i> Princeton: Princeton University Press</li> <li>Hedin, Thomas F. (2001) <i>The Petite Commande of 1664: Burlesque in the gardens of Versailles</i>, <i>The Art Bulletin</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hollingshead" title="John Hollingshead">Hollingshead, John</a>. (1903) <i>Good Old Gaiety: An Historiette & Remembrance</i> London: Gaity Theatre Co</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Kennedy, Michael</a> (2006), <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Music</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861459-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861459-4">0-19-861459-4</a></li> <li>Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/burlesque.htm">A History of The Musical Burlesque</a></li> <li>Sanders, Andrew (1994). <i>The Short Oxford History of English Literature</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-811201-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-811201-7">0-19-811201-7</a></li> <li>Stanton, Sarah and Banham, Martin (1996). <i>Cambridge Paperback Guide to Theatre</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44654-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44654-9">978-0-521-44654-9</a></li> <li>Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869164-5">0-19-869164-5</a></li> <li>Wilson, Frederic Woodbridge (1992), 'Burlesque' in <i>The <a href="/wiki/New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" class="mw-redirect" title="New Grove Dictionary of Opera">New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7">0-333-73432-7</a></li> <li>Zeidman, Irving: <i>The American Burlesque Show</i>. Hawthorn Books, Inc 1967, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/192808">192808</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/493184629">493184629</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burlesque&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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American Entertainments at the Turn of the Twentieth Century</a> From the collection of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/beinecke/">Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100516104854/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/23224/classic-burlesque-we-aim-to-tease">Classic Burlesque: We Aim to Tease</a> – slideshow by <i><a href="/wiki/Life_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Life magazine">Life magazine</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/burlesque.htm">History of Burlesque</a> at Musicals101.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefreaky.net/the-history-of-burlesque">The History of Burlesque</a> at TheFreaky.net</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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