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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Allen Carl Guelzo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Allen_C._Guelzo,_January_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg/220px-Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg/330px-Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg/440px-Allen_C._Guelzo%2C_January_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="516" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Guelzo in January 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1953-02-02</span>) </span>February 2, 1953<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 71)</span><sup id="cite_ref-dubois_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-dubois_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Senior Research Scholar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Theological_Seminary" title="Reformed Theological Seminary">Reformed Theological Seminary</a> (<a href="/wiki/MDiv" class="mw-redirect" title="MDiv">MDiv</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cairn_University" title="Cairn University">Cairn University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._S." class="mw-redirect" title="B. S.">BS</a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data">History</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg:_The_Last_Invasion" title="Gettysburg: The Last Invasion">Gettysburg: The Last Invasion</a></i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Allen Carl Guelzo</b> (born 1953) is an American historian who serves as the Thomas W. Smith Distinguished Research Scholar and Director of the Initiative on Politics and Statesmanship in the <a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="James Madison Program">James Madison Program</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formerly was a professor of History at Gettysburg College. </p><p>Rachel A. Shelden wrote in 2013 that for two decades, Guelzo "has been at the forefront of Civil War–era scholarship. In particular, he has focused his analytical efforts on the life and legacy of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, publishing books covering the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Douglas_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln-Douglas debates">Lincoln-Douglas debates</a>, the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, and Lincoln's presidential leadership, among others."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guelzo was born in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama, Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dubois_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of a US Army soldier stationed in the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupation of Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c-span.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-span.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c-span.org1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-span.org1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His earliest degrees were a BS in Biblical Studies from <a href="/wiki/Cairn_University" title="Cairn University">Cairn University</a> and a M.Div. from <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Seminary" title="Reformed Episcopal Seminary">Reformed Episcopal Seminary</a>, where he later taught church history.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned an MA and Ph.D. in history from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-neh_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the History department of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_University_(United_States)" title="Eastern University (United States)">Eastern University</a> (<a href="/wiki/St._Davids,_Pennsylvania" title="St. Davids, Pennsylvania">St. Davids, Pennsylvania</a>) in 1991. He was the Grace F. Kea Professor of American History at Eastern, where he was also Moderator of the Faculty Senate (1996–98). From 1998 to 2004, he served as Dean of the Templeton Honors College at Eastern. He joined the History department at Gettysburg College in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_focus">Academic focus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic focus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guelzo's principal specialty is American intellectual history, from 1750 to 1865. His doctoral dissertation, "The Unanswered Question: <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>'s 'Freedom of the Will' in Early American Religious Philosophy", was published in 1989 as <i>Edwards On the Will: A Century of American Philosophical Debate, 1750–1850</i>, by Wesleyan University Press, and won an American Library Association Choice Award. In 1995, he contributed a volume in the St. Martin's Press American History textbook series, <i>The Crisis of the American Republic: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction</i>. </p><p>One of Guelzo's early works, <i>For the Union of Evangelical Christendom: The Irony of the Reformed Episcopalians, 1873–1930</i>, won the Albert C. Outler Prize in Ecumenical Church History from the American Society of Church History in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began work in 1996 on an 'intellectual biography' of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a>, <i>Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President</i> (1999), which won the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Prize" title="Lincoln Prize">Lincoln Prize</a> for 2000 and the 2000 Book Prize of the Abraham Lincoln Institute. He followed this with <i>Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America</i> (2004), which became the first two-time winner of the Lincoln Prize (for 2005) and the Book Prize of the Lincoln Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-neh_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guelzo won his third Lincoln Prize for his book <i><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg:_The_Last_Invasion" title="Gettysburg: The Last Invasion">Gettysburg: The Last Invasion</a></i> (2013), making him the first three-time recipient of the prize.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His interest in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> was partially motivated by his grandmother, who had attended lectures by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a> as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-c-span.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-span.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guelzo differs notably from most contemporary scholars of the American Civil War in that he disagrees with the "Self-emancipation" thesis, which posits that the Confederates' slaves freed themselves during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-BicentennialLincolns_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicentennialLincolns-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To that effect, he cites the ex-slaves who testified that Lincoln, specifically his <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, was responsible for freeing them.<sup id="cite_ref-BicentennialLincolns_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicentennialLincolns-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Guelzo does not consider Lincoln to have been a competent military commander during his presidency and disagrees with several military decisions he made on the grounds that they were unsound.<sup id="cite_ref-BicentennialLincolns_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicentennialLincolns-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to those books, he has produced editions of <a href="/wiki/Manning_Ferguson_Force" title="Manning Ferguson Force">Manning Ferguson Force</a>'s <i>From Fort Henry to Corinth</i> (1989) and <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a>'s <i>Life of Abraham Lincoln</i> (1998), as well as co-editing a volume of essays on Jonathan Edwards, <i>Edwards In Our Time: Jonathan Edwards and the Shaping of American Religion</i> (with Sang Hyun Lee, 1999) and an anthology of primary sources on the <a href="/wiki/New_England_theology" title="New England theology">New England theology</a> from 1750 to 1850,<i>The New England Theology: From Jonathan Edwards to <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Amasa_Park" title="Edwards Amasa Park">Edwards Amasa Park</a></i> (with Douglas R. Sweeney, 2006). His books include <i>Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates That Defined America</i> (2008), which led to an appearance on Comedy Central's "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart" on February 27, 2008; <i>Abraham Lincoln as a Man of Ideas</i> (2009), a collection of his previously published essays; and <i>Lincoln</i> (2009), a volume in Oxford University Press's "Very Short Introduction" series. </p><p>Guelzo contributed half the lectures in the 80 episodes of <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Courses" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Courses">The Great Courses</a> 2003 video series “U.S. History”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_and_commentary">Criticism and commentary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism and commentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matthew Pinsker notes that Guelzo, with his religious training, often emphasizes religious themes that other historians have neglected. Guelzo argues that Lincoln championed the cause of individual rights partly because of his profound fatalism and what Guelzo identifies as "a lifelong dalliance with Old School Calvinism."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guelzo created a controversy among younger historians of the Civil War when Earl J. Hess reported that Guelzo believed that scholarly blogging was "entirely negative. I consider blogging to be a pernicious waste of scholarly time."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rachel Shelden has noted that Guelzo's <i>Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction</i> (2012) is heavily focused on Lincoln. She asserts that little in the book is new, and much is based on old-fashioned historiography. She says he underplays the recent scholarship on the home front, environmental concerns, and medical issues and gives only cursory attention to the black experience or to the complexities of Reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Guelzo denounced <a href="/wiki/The_1619_Project" title="The 1619 Project">The 1619 Project</a> as "polemic," "conspiracy theory," "ignorance," and "evangelism for a gospel of disenchantment whose ultimate purpose is the hollowing out of the meaning of freedom."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Guelzo participated in the White House Conference on American History, for which he was criticized by other historians.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He responded by writing that "I will take the opportunity of any platform offered me short of outright tyrants, depraved fools and genocidal murderers to talk about American history."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guelzo did not serve on the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1776_Commission" title="1776 Commission">1776 Commission</a>, whose membership did not include any historians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliations">Affiliations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Affiliations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guelzo has been an American Council of Learned Societies Fellow (1991–1992), a Visiting Research Fellow at the McNeil Center for Early American Studies at the University of Pennsylvania (1992–1993), a Fellow of the Charles Warren Center for the Study of American History at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (1994–1995), and a visiting fellow, Department of Politics, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (2002–2003 and 2010–2011).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to the National Council on the Humanities in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-neh_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neh-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a board member of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Association" title="Abraham Lincoln Association">Abraham Lincoln Association</a>. Guelzo is also a senior fellow of the conservative think-tank, the <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guelzo received the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim-Lehrman_Prize_in_Military_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim-Lehrman Prize in Military History">Guggenheim-Lehrman Prize in Military History</a> for <i>Gettysburg: The Last Invasion</i> at an awards ceremony in New York on March 17, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guelzo was inducted as a Laureate of <a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Academy_of_Illinois" title="The Lincoln Academy of Illinois">The Lincoln Academy of Illinois</a> and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 2009 as a Bicentennial Laureate.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guelzo was a recipient of the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradley Prize">Bradley Prize</a> for his "contributions [which] have shaped important debate, thought and research on one of the most critical periods of American history."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guelzo has two daughters<sup id="cite_ref-c-span.org1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-span.org1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a son who is a career army officer. </p><p>In 1980, Guelzo was ordained as a <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Reformed Episcopal Church">Reformed Episcopal Church</a>, about which he wrote a history early in his career.<sup id="cite_ref-rec-gc-1981_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rec-gc-1981-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, his orders were transferred by <a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">letters dimissory</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Pennsylvania" title="Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania">Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rec-gc-1999_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rec-gc-1999-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.1989" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edwardsonwillcen0000guel"><i>Edwards on the Will: A Century of Theological Debate</i></a>. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5193-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-5193-1"><bdi>978-0-8195-5193-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edwards+on+the+Will%3A+A+Century+of+Theological+Debate&rft.place=Middletown%2C+Conn&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-5193-1&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedwardsonwillcen0000guel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.1994" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (1994). <i>For the Union of Evangelical Christendom: The Irony of the Reformed Episcopalians</i>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01002-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01002-1"><bdi>978-0-271-01002-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+Union+of+Evangelical+Christendom%3A+The+Irony+of+the+Reformed+Episcopalians&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-271-01002-1&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.1995" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (1995). <i>The Crisis of the American Republic: A History of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-09515-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-09515-4"><bdi>978-0-312-09515-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+the+American+Republic%3A+A+History+of+the+Civil+War+and+Reconstruction+Era&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-312-09515-4&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland,_J.1998" class="citation book cs1">Holland, J. (1998). <i>Holland's Life of Abraham Lincoln</i>. Introduction by Allen C. Guelzo. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-7303-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-7303-0"><bdi>978-0-8032-7303-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holland%27s+Life+of+Abraham+Lincoln&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-7303-0&rft.au=Holland%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Guelzo, Allen C. "Defending Emancipation: Abraham Lincoln and the Conkling Letter, 1863," <i>Civil War History</i> (2002) 48 #4 pp. 313–337</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2003" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2003). <i>Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President (Library of Religious Biography)</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-08028-3872-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-08028-3872-8"><bdi>978-08028-3872-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln%3A+Redeemer+President+%28Library+of+Religious+Biography%29&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-08028-3872-8&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2004" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lincolnsemancipa00guel"><i>Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America</i></a></span>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2182-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2182-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-2182-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln%27s+Emancipation+Proclamation%3A+The+End+of+Slavery+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2182-5&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flincolnsemancipa00guel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.Sweeney,_Douglas_A.2006" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C.; Sweeney, Douglas A. (2006). <i>The New England Theology: From Jonathan Edwards to Edwards Amasa Park</i>. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2709-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2709-3"><bdi>978-0-8010-2709-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+England+Theology%3A+From+Jonathan+Edwards+to+Edwards+Amasa+Park&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Mich&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2709-3&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2008" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lincolndouglasde00alle"><i>Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates That Defined America</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7320-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7320-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-7320-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln+and+Douglas%3A+The+Debates+That+Defined+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7320-6&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flincolndouglasde00alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2009" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2009). <i>Abraham Lincoln as a Man of Ideas</i>. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2861-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2861-1"><bdi>978-0-8093-2861-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Lincoln+as+a+Man+of+Ideas&rft.place=Carbondale&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8093-2861-1&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2009" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2009). <i>Lincoln: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)</i>. Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536780-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536780-5"><bdi>978-0-19-536780-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction+%28Very+Short+Introductions%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536780-5&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2012" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2012). <i>Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-984328-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-984328-2"><bdi>978-0-19-984328-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fateful+Lightning%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Civil+War+and+Reconstruction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-984328-2&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2013" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2013). <i><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg:_The_Last_Invasion" title="Gettysburg: The Last Invasion">Gettysburg: The Last Invasion</a></i>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59408-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59408-2"><bdi>978-0-307-59408-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gettysburg%3A+The+Last+Invasion&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-307-59408-2&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2016" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2016). <i>Redeeming the Great Emancipator</i>. Nathan I. Huggins Lectures. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-286115" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-286115"><bdi>978-0-674-286115</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redeeming+the+Great+Emancipator&rft.pub=Nathan+I.+Huggins+Lectures&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-674-286115&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2018" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2018). <i>Reconstruction: A Concise History</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1908-6569-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1908-6569-6"><bdi>978-0-1908-6569-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstruction%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-1908-6569-6&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2020" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2020). <i>Reconstruction: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190454791" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190454791"><bdi>978-0190454791</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstruction%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0190454791&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2021" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2021). <i>Robert E. Lee: A Life</i>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1101946220" title="Special:BookSources/978-1101946220"><bdi>978-1101946220</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+E.+Lee%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1101946220&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuelzo,_Allen_C.2024" class="citation book cs1">Guelzo, Allen C. (2024). <i>Our Ancient Faith: Lincoln, Democracy, and the American Experiment</i>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0593534441" title="Special:BookSources/978-0593534441"><bdi>978-0593534441</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Ancient+Faith%3A+Lincoln%2C+Democracy%2C+and+the+American+Experiment&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0593534441&rft.au=Guelzo%2C+Allen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dubois-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubois_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100426184234/http://dubois.fas.harvard.edu/node/240">"Allen C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Frank+Guggenheim+Foundation&rft.pub=HFG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hfg.org%2Fprize%2Fmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuessler2014" class="citation web cs1">Schuessler, Jennifer (20 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/book-on-gettysburg-wins-50000-military-history-prize/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0">"Book on Gettysburg Wins $50,000 Military History Prize"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+on+Gettysburg+Wins+%2450%2C000+Military+History+Prize&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.aulast=Schuessler&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F20%2Fbook-on-gettysburg-wins-50000-military-history-prize%2F%3F_php%3Dtrue%26_type%3Dblogs%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/4632-2/#toggle-id-7">"Laureates by Year - The Lincoln Academy of Illinois"</a>. <i>The Lincoln Academy of Illinois</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lincoln+Academy+of+Illinois&rft.atitle=Laureates+by+Year+-+The+Lincoln+Academy+of+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnacademyofillinois.org%2F4632-2%2F%23toggle-id-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4152914/Bradley%20Press%20Release/Guelzo%20Press%20Release%20_BradleyPrizes2018.pdf">"Allen C. Guelzo, Distinguished Civil War Era Historian, Lincoln Scholar and Gettysburg College Professor Wins Prestigious Bradley Prize"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Bradley Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bradley+Foundation&rft.atitle=Allen+C.+Guelzo%2C+Distinguished+Civil+War+Era+Historian%2C+Lincoln+Scholar+and+Gettysburg+College+Professor+Wins+Prestigious+Bradley+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn2.hubspot.net%2Fhubfs%2F4152914%2FBradley%2520Press%2520Release%2FGuelzo%2520Press%2520Release%2520_BradleyPrizes2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rec-gc-1981-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rec-gc-1981_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiches1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_W._Riches" title="Leonard W. Riches">Riches, Leonard</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rechurch.org/documents/GCJournals/GCREC43-Combined.pdf">"REPORT OF BISHOP LEONARD W. RICHES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Proceedings of the Forty-Third General Council of the Reformed Episcopal Church</i>: 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Forty-Third+General+Council+of+the+Reformed+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=REPORT+OF+BISHOP+LEONARD+W.+RICHES&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Riches&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frechurch.org%2Fdocuments%2FGCJournals%2FGCREC43-Combined.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rec-gc-1999-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rec-gc-1999_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillin1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Gillin" title="Chuck Gillin">Gillin, R. Charles</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rechurch.org/documents/GCJournals/GCREC49.pdf">"REPORT OF THE DIOCESE OF NORTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Proceedings of the Forty-Ninth General Council of the Reformed Episcopal Church</i>: 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Forty-Ninth+General+Council+of+the+Reformed+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=REPORT+OF+THE+DIOCESE+OF+NORTHEAST+AND+MID-ATLANTIC&rft.pages=277&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Gillin&rft.aufirst=R.+Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frechurch.org%2Fdocuments%2FGCJournals%2FGCREC49.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllen+C.+Guelzo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chotiner, Isaac. “Reëxamining the Legacy of Race and Robert E. Lee.” <i> New Yorker</i>, November 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/reexamining-the-legacy-of-race-and-robert-e-lee">https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/reexamining-the-legacy-of-race-and-robert-e-lee</a>.</li> <li>Yaffe, Deborah. "The Politics of History: A conservative scholar of Lincoln and the battle over how we teach about America’s past," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paw.princeton.edu/article/politics-history"><i>Princeton Alumni Weekly</i> March 2021</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406110353/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/04/03/guel-a03.html">"Understanding Lincoln: An interview with historian Allen Guelzo"</a> (April 3, 2013), by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackaman" title="Thomas Mackaman">Tom Mackaman</a>, <i>World Socialist Web Site</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Guelzo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Allen_C._Guelzo" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Allen C. 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Guelzo</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?84393">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9eK1YJqodQ">Historian Allen Guelzo speaks on the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 2013.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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