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data-file-height=\"600\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EU toku je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Ure%C4%91iva%C4%8Dki_maraton_povodom_Me%C4%91unarodnog_dana_Roma_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedija:Uređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma 2025.\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:#008100;\"\u003EUređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tko_su_bili_Hiksi?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tko_su_bili_Hiksi?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tko su bili Hiksi?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tko_su_bili_Hiksi?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Je_li_bilo_invazije_Hiksa?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Je_li_bilo_invazije_Hiksa?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Je li bilo invazije Hiksa?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Je_li_bilo_invazije_Hiksa?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opseg_i_priroda_vladavine_Hiksa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opseg_i_priroda_vladavine_Hiksa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opseg i priroda vladavine Hiksa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opseg_i_priroda_vladavine_Hiksa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tebanska_ofenziva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tebanska_ofenziva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tebanska ofenziva</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tebanska_ofenziva-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Tebanska ofenziva</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tebanska_ofenziva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Za_vrijeme_vladara_pod_imenom_Seqenenra_Tao_(II.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Za_vrijeme_vladara_pod_imenom_Seqenenra_Tao_(II.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Za vrijeme vladara pod imenom Seqenenra Tao (II.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Za_vrijeme_vladara_pod_imenom_Seqenenra_Tao_(II.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Za_vrijeme_Kamosea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Za_vrijeme_Kamosea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Za vrijeme Kamosea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Za_vrijeme_Kamosea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Za_vrijeme_Ahmosea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Za_vrijeme_Ahmosea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Za vrijeme Ahmosea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Za_vrijeme_Ahmosea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiksi_u_kasnijim_razdobljima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiksi_u_kasnijim_razdobljima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hiksi u kasnijim razdobljima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiksi_u_kasnijim_razdobljima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hiksi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 54 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%82%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B6%E1%88%B5" title="ሂክሶስ — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሂክሶስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="الهكسوس — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهكسوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="هيكسوس — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيكسوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksoslar" title="Hiksoslar — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hiksoslar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Гіксосы — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіксосы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Хиксоси — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиксоси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicsos" title="Hicsos — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hicsos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyks%C3%B3sov%C3%A9" title="Hyksósové — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hyksósové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гиксоссем — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гиксоссем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksosoj" title="Hiksosoj — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hiksosoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicsos" title="Hicsos — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hicsos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikso" title="Hikso — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hikso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="هیکسوس — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیکسوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksot" title="Hyksot — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyksot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyks%C3%B4s" title="Hyksôs — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyksôs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Hiocs%C3%B3saigh" title="Na Hiocsósaigh — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Hiocsósaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A1" title="חיקסוס — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיקסוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="हिक्सोस — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिक्सोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksi" title="Hiksi — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hiksi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCkszoszok" title="Hükszoszok — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hükszoszok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հիքսոսներ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիքսոսներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B9" title="ヒクソス — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒクソス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰიქსოსები — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰიქსოსები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%86%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="힉소스 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힉소스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksai" title="Hiksai — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hiksai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiks%C3%B4sy" title="Hiksôsy — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hiksôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ics%C3%B2s" title="Icsòs — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Icsòs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksosi" title="Hyksosi — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hyksosi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ہائکسوس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائکسوس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicsos" title="Hicsos — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hicsos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicso%C8%99i" title="Hicsoși — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hicsoși" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Гиксосы — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гиксосы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyks%C3%B3si" title="Hyksósi — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hyksósi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksi" title="Hiksi — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hiksi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Хикси — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хикси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiksosi" title="Waiksosi — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waiksosi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐக்சோஸ் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்சோஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="ฮิกซอส — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิกซอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksos" title="Hiksos — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hiksos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiksoslar" title="Hiksoslar — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hiksoslar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Гіксоси — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіксоси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giksoslar" title="Giksoslar — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Giksoslar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hyksos" title="Người Hyksos — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hyksos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="喜克索斯人 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喜克索斯人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="希克索人 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希克索人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192319#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredite jezičke veze" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hiksi" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Hiksi" rel="discussion" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hiksi"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hiksi"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/Hiksi" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Hiksi" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&oldid=42389717" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Hiksi&id=42389717&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHiksi"><span>Skrati URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHiksi"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Hiksi"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hiksi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyksos" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192319" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p><b>Hiksi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Egipatski_jezik" title="Egipatski jezik">egipatski</a> <i>heka khasewet</i>), bili su etnička mješavina južnoazijskih ili semitskih naroda koji su se pojavili u istočnoj <a href="/wiki/Delta_Nila" title="Delta Nila">Delti Nila</a> za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Drugi_prijelazni_period_Egipta" title="Drugi prijelazni period Egipta">drugog prijelaznog perioda</a>. Došli su na vlast za vrijeme drugog prijelaznog perioda Egipta, a vladali su Donjim i Srednjim egiptom više od stotinu godina. Osnovali su <a href="/wiki/Petnaesta_egipatska_dinastija" class="mw-redirect" title="Petnaesta egipatska dinastija">petnaestu</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0esnaesta_egipatska_dinastija" class="mw-redirect" title="Šesnaesta egipatska dinastija">šesnaestu</a> egipatsku dinastiju oko 1674.-1548. pne. </p><p>Obično se samo šest vladara šesnaeste dinastije naziva Hiksima. Imena Hiksa vrlo su slična <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">kanaanskim</a> imenima, a arheolozi smatraju da se <a href="/wiki/Canaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaan">Canaanci</a> ne mogu razlikovati od <a href="/wiki/Fenicija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenicija">Feničana</a>. Hiksi su uveli nova oružja u egipat, najpoznatiji su bili luk na sklapanje i kočije koje su vukli konji. </p><p>Vjeruje se da su brojni prinčevi šesnaeste dinastije bili iz redova Hiksa, Azijskih Semita, te lokalnih egipatskih prinčeva. Imena Hiksa iz petnaeste dinastije poznata su sa egipatskih spomenika, skaraba, te <a href="/wiki/Manetho" class="mw-redirect" title="Manetho">Manethovog</a> djela, koje je napisano za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Ptolomej_II." class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolomej II.">Ptolomeja II.</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tko_su_bili_Hiksi?"><span id="Tko_su_bili_Hiksi.3F"></span>Tko su bili Hiksi?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Tko su bili Hiksi?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tko su bili Hiksi?"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pojam Hiksi dolazi iz izraza <i>heka khasewet</i> (vladari stranih zemalja), koji se u egipatskim tekstovima koristio da bi se opisali vladari susjednih zemalja. Ovaj izraz pojavljuje se već u kasnoj <a href="/wiki/Egipat_-_Stara_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Egipat - Stara država">Staroj državi</a>, a odnosi se na razne Nubijske vojskovođe, te u <a href="/wiki/Egipat_-_Srednja_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Egipat - Srednja država">Srednjoj državi</a> gdje se odnosi na beduinske vojskovođe Sirije i Canaana. Prihvaćeno je mišljenje da se samo šest vladara naziva Hiksima jer, ne samo da nose vladarske titule, već ih i Manetho naziva Hiksima. Također je prihvaćeno mišljenje da je tih šest vladara vladalo Egiptom oko 108 godina. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Helck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Helck (stranica ne postoji)">Wolfgang Helck</a> je tvrdio da su Hiksi bili dio masivne <a href="/wiki/Hurijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurijci">hurijske</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indo-arijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-arijci">Indo-arijske</a> migracije na Bliski istok. Prema Helcku, Hiksi su bili Hurijci te dio Hurijskog carstva koje se, tvrdio je, u tom razdoblju protezalo većim dijelom Zapadne Azije. </p><p>Nisu pouzdano poznata imena, slijed pa čak ni ukupan broj vladara petnaeste dinastije. Imena se pojavljuju u hijeroglifima na spomenicima i malim objektima kao što su poklopci posuda i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skarab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skarab (stranica ne postoji)">skarabi</a>. U slučajevima kada se razni dijelovi imena ne nalaze na istom predmetu, ne može se utvrditi jesu li to dva imena iste osobe. Ovo razdoblje egipatske povijesti je kronološka noćna mora koju može riješiti samo neki novi arheološki nalaz kojem se može odrediti starost. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manetho" class="mw-redirect" title="Manetho">Manethova</a> povijest Egipta poznata samo kroz prepiske kao što je prepiska <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a>. Ti izvori ne navode imena šestoro vladara istim redom. Iskrivljeni rukopis čini stvari još kompliciranijima jer čini rukopise beskorisnima s kronološkom stajališta. Nema vidljive veze između većine ovih imena — Salitis, Beon/Bnon, Apachnan/Pachnan, Annas/Staan, Apophis, Assis/Archles — i egipatskih imena koja se javljaju na skarabima i ostalim objektima. Hijeroglifksa imena petnaeste dinastije kakva su poznata sa spomenika, skaraba, i ostalih predmeta su: </p> <dl><dd><ol><li>Sa-kha-en-ra Shalik (Svako od imena pronađeno zasebno.)</li> <li>Ma-ib-ra Sheshy (?) (Svako od imena pronađeno zasebno.)</li> <li>Mer-woser-ra Yaqob-her (Oba imena pronađena zajedno na skarabu.)</li> <li>Se-woser-en-ra Khayan (Oba imena pronađena zajedno.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apopi (stranica ne postoji)">Apopi</a> (Tri različita pred-imena: Aawoserra, Aaqenenra, i Nebkhepeshra)</li> <li>Aa-sech-ra Khamudy (Svako od imena pronađeno zasebno.)</li></ol></dd></dl> <p>Iako se semitsko ime Jakob (Ya'iqob)pojavljuje u obliku imena Yaqob-her kao ime mogućeg trećeg vladara Hiksa, vjerojatno je tome imenu bolje pristupati tome s više opreza ne što je činio Gardiner u svome djelu <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs</i>, gdje je zapisao "teško je odbaciti prihvaćeno mišljenje da se slavila uspomena na patrijarha Jakoba". Popularna imena se često ponovno pojavljuju kroz duga razdoblja. </p><p>U slučaju petorice vladara s gornjeg popisa pred-ime i ime se obično nalaze zapisani zajedno. Nije jasno nije jasno predstavljaju li jednog vladara koji je promijenio svoje pred-ime ili predstavljaju li tri različita vladara. U <i>Cambridge Ancient History</i> (CAH), se navodi da je nasljednik "Aweserra" Apophisa bio još jedan "Apophis", koji je nosio pred-ime Aa-qenen-re. Prvi vladar s popisa nije naveden u CAH (Hayes sugerira da su on i drugi vladar s popisa možda bili ista osoba), a Apophis II. je dodan pri kraju popisa. To čini ukupno šest Hiksa, vladara petnaeste dinastije. CAH slijedi Josephusov grčki prijevod Manetha pri korištenju starijeg, iskrivljenog oblika imena "Apophis". Gardiner pak, piše da su postojala tri kralja s imenom Apopi. O tome se pitanju još uvijek raspravlja, a konačni odgovori će morati pričekati buduće nalaze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Je_li_bilo_invazije_Hiksa?"><span id="Je_li_bilo_invazije_Hiksa.3F"></span>Je li bilo invazije Hiksa?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Je li bilo invazije Hiksa?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Je li bilo invazije Hiksa?"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manetho navodi hordu naoružanih barbara koji si naišli na vrlo malen otpor te su pokorili zemlju vojnom silom. Tvrdilo se da su nove, revolucionarne ratovanja osigurale pobjedu Hiksima. U knjizi , <i>The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom in Thebes</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_E._Winlock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert E. Winlock (stranica ne postoji)">Herbert E. Winlock</a> opisuje nova oružja kao što su luk na sklapanje, i, što je najvažnije ratna kočija. Navode se i poboljšani šiljci strijela, razne vrste mačeva i bodeža, nova vrsta štita, oklopi od veriga, i metalne kacige. </p><p>Tradicionalno je mišljenje da je invazije bilo; trajala je nekoliko godina i nije bila organiziran napor neke strane države nego migracija određenih grupa, plemena i skupina plemena koja su imala pristup novim i boljim oružjima koja su razvijena dublje u Aziji, te su se njima poslužila da osvoje bogat komad zemlje na kojem će se nastaniti. No, u posljednjim desetljećima, teorija jednostavne migracije, s malo ili nimalo nasilja, dobila je nešto podrške. Po toj teoriji egipatski vladari nisi uspjeli zaustaviti došljake uglavnom zato jer su bili nesposobni ili prezauzeti unutrašnjim problemima. U jednom su trenutku stranci, čija je elita možda već i vladala u ime faraona, shvatili da ne trebaju biti poslušni i plaćati poreze slabom kralju te su sami preuzeli naslov faraon (na sjeveru zemlje -Hiksi se nikada nisu probili na jug). </p><p>Oni koji podržavaju ovi, mirniju, teoriju tvrde da u ovom razdoblju postoji vrlo dokaza o bitkama ili bilo kakvim ratovima. Smatraju također da ratna kočija nije igrala veliku ulogu, pa stoga nije bilo znatnije tehnološke prednosti Hiksa. S druge strane teorije invazije, temelji se na: (a) tradicionalnom Manethovom objašnjenju; (b) činjenici da je kočija bila nova tehnologija koja se širila iz Središnje Azije te da postoje i drugi navodi o invazijama nomadskih ili polunomadskih plemena na kočijama između 1700.-1300. pne., kao što su bili <a href="/wiki/Hurijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurijci">Hurijci</a> na Bliskom Istoku te <a href="/wiki/Arijci" class="mw-redirect" title="Arijci">Arijci</a> u <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a>. S tim da su posebno Hurijci bili aktivni baš negdje u vrijeme pojave Hiksa; i (c)činjenici da je ratna kočija postala glavno oružje tog razdoblja, oružje plemenitaša i vladara, te jedan od najvažnijih simbola moću u Euroaziji, jer su se kraljevi i bogovi u <a href="/wiki/Mikena" title="Mikena">Mikenskoj Grčkoj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezopotamija" title="Mezopotamija">Mezopotamiji</a>, istočnoj Europi i <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kini</a> počeli prikazivati na kočijama, pokapati u kočijama i uvijek ići u rat na kočijama. S tako važnim novim oružjem, zagovarači teorije invazije smatraju da bi bilo čudno da su Hiksi mirno ušli u sjeverni Egipat iz Azije, tj. Da su poznavali tehnologiju kočija ali su je odlučili ne koristiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opseg_i_priroda_vladavine_Hiksa">Opseg i priroda vladavine Hiksa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Opseg i priroda vladavine Hiksa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opseg i priroda vladavine Hiksa"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kraljevstvo Hiksa bilo je u istočnoj Delti Nila i ostalo je ograničene veličine, nikad se nije širilo na jug prema Gornjem Egiptu koji je bio pod čvrstom kontrolom vladara iz Tebe. Veze Hiksa s jugom bile su uglavnom komercijalne prirode, iako se čine da su prinčevi iz Tebe u jednom periodu priznali Hikse kao vladare te im možda čak i plaćali danak. Vladari Hiksa petnaeste dinastije vladali su iz Memphisa i ljetne rezidencije Avarisa. </p><p>Mnogi pisci smatraju sve veću upotrebu skaraba te njihovu široku raspostranjen za vrijeme petnaeste dinastije dokazom njihove sve veće pismenosti kako su s vremenom poprimali sve više egipatske kulture. Hiksi su koristili egipatske titule koje su označavale vladare, uzeli su egipatskog boga Seta kao svoje titularno božanstvo. Znači nisu bili nositelji posebne kulture Hiksa, nego su posuđivali od Egipćana. Štoviše, čini se da je administracija Hiksa bila prihvaćena, a možda čak i podržavana od mnogih egipatskih podanika. Drugo je mišljenje da su, unatoč napretku koji je donijela stabilna politička situacija, Egipćani su i dalje u Hiksima i dalje vidjeli omrznute Azijate. Kada su napokon istjerani iz Egipta izbrisani su svi podaci o njihovoj vladavini. Povijest pišu pobjednici, a u ovome su slučaju pobjednici bili vladari osamnaeste dinastije, domaće dinastije, izravnih nasljednika tebanske sedamnaeste dinastije. Vladari sedamnaeste dinastije započeli su i održavali rat protiv Hiksa. Vladari iz Tebe demonizirali su azijatske vladare na sjeveru, time su opravdali kasnije uništavanje njihovih spomenika. Povijesna istina vjerojatno leži između tih dviju krajnosti: dinastije Hiksa predstavljali su strance koji su donekle prihvatili egipatsku kulturu i bili su tolerirani ali ne i u potpunosti prihvaćeni od domaćeg egipatskog stanovništva. </p><p>Ipak, čini se da su vladari iz Tebe uspjeli nači praktičan način suživota s kasnijim vladarima Hiksa. To je uključivalo pravo prijelaza Srednjeg i donjeg Egipta, koje su kontrolirali Hiksi, te pravo na ispašu u plodnoj Delti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tebanska_ofenziva">Tebanska ofenziva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Tebanska ofenziva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tebanska ofenziva"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Za_vrijeme_vladara_pod_imenom_Seqenenra_Tao_(II.)"><span id="Za_vrijeme_vladara_pod_imenom_Seqenenra_Tao_.28II..29"></span>Za vrijeme vladara pod imenom Seqenenra Tao (II.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Za vrijeme vladara pod imenom Seqenenra Tao (II.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Za vrijeme vladara pod imenom Seqenenra Tao (II.)"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rat protiv Hiksa započeo je u posljednjim godinama sedamnaeste dinastije iz Tebe. Kasnija književnost nove države dovela je u vezu jednog od tebanskih vladara, <a href="/wiki/Tao_II._Hrabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tao II. Hrabri">Seqenenra Tao (II.)</a>, u kontakt s istovremenim vladarom Hiksa na sjeveru , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apopi (stranica ne postoji)">Aauserra Apopi</a>. Postoji priča prema kojoj je vladar Hiksa Apopi poslao glasnika Seqenenri u Tebu sa zahtjevom da se unište tebanski nilski koji, jer se zbog njihove buke ne može spavati u dalekom Avarisu. Možda je jedina povijesna informacija koja se može izvući iz ove priče ta da Egipat bio podijeljena zemlja, da je područje pod kontrolom Hiksa bilo na sjeveru te da je moguće da je cijeli Egipat plaćao danak Hiksima. </p><p>Seqenenra je sudjelovao u diplomatskim razmjenama, koje su se nisu sastijale samo od izmjenjivanja uvreda s azijatskim vladarom na sjeveru. Čini se da je vodio vojne okršaje protiv Hiksa, a sudeći po teškoj rani na glavi njegove mumije, moguće je da je i poginuo u jednom od njih. Njegovom se sinu i nasljedniku <a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Wadjkheperra Kamose</a>, posljednjem vladaru sedamnaeste dinastije, pripisuje se pokretanje tebansokog rata protiv Hiksa. </p><p>Možda bi trebalo spomenuti da se Seqenenra Tao spominje kao legendarni <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Abif" title="Hiram Abif">Hiram Abif</a> u Knjizi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiramov_klju%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiramov ključ (stranica ne postoji)">Hiramov ključ</a> autora Christophera Knighta i Roberta Lomasa, Hiram Abif (glavni mason <a href="/wiki/Solomonov_hram" title="Solomonov hram">hrama kralja Solomona</a> može se dovesti koristeći masonsku predaju dovesti u vezu sa Seqenenraom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Za_vrijeme_Kamosea">Za vrijeme Kamosea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Za vrijeme Kamosea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Za vrijeme Kamosea"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malo je dokaza koji bi potvrđivali tvrdnju koju je Montet' iznio u knjizi <i>Eternal Egypt</i> (1964) da je rat koji je pokrenuo Kamose bio sponzoriran od svećenika boga Amona kao napad na štovatelje Seta na sjeveru (znači da je rat pokrenut iz vjerskih razloga). Postoji zapis koji tvrdi da je Kamose krenuo na sjever po naredbi Amona, titularnog božanstva dinastije, ali to je možda samo hiperbola uobičajena gotovo svim egipatskim vladarskim zapisima i ne bi se trebala shvatiti kao da je bog izričito naredio napad iz izričito vjerskih razloga. Kamoseov razlog bio je nacionalistički ponos jer na istom zapisu stoji tvrdnja da se nalazi prikliješten u Tbei između Nubijaca (Sudanaca) na jugu, i azijata na sjeveru , od kojih "svaki drže dio Egipta, dijeleći zemlju sa mnom... Moja je želja spasiti Egipat i poraziti azijate!". Tako je, u trećoj godini svoje vladavine, Kamose zaplovio na sjever od Tebe na čelu svoje vojske. </p><p>Iznenadio je i pregazio najjužniji garnizon Hiksa kod Nefrusya, sjeverno od Cusae [blizu današnjeg Asyuta], a zatim je poveo svoju vojsku na sjever do neposredne blizine <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avarisa</a>. Iako nisu zauzeli grad, Tebanci su uništili polja oko njega. Zapis na ploči pronađenoj u Tebi govori o presretanju i zarobljavanju glasnika koji je nosio poruku od vladara Hiksa Aawoserra Apopija vladaru <a href="/wiki/Kush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kush">Kusha</a> (današnji Sudan), u kojem traži njegovu hitnu pomoć. Kamose je odmah odredio da odred njegove vojske zauzme Oazu Bahriya u zapadnoj pustinji, čime su preuzeli kontrolu i blokirali pustinjski put na jug. Kamore, kojeg se naziva i "Snažni", je tada otplovio natrag i Tebu da proslavi pobjedu, iako je njegov pohod vjerojatno bio samo provala koja je zatekla Hikse nespremnima. Jedino ta, treća, godina svjedoči o Kamoseu. </p><p>Do kraja vladavine Aawoserra Apopija, jednog od posljednjih vladara Hiksa, njihova je vojska povučena na sjever i preraspodijeljena na ulazu u <a href="/wiki/Fayyum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayyum">Fayyum</a> kod Atfiha. Taj je veliki vladar Hiksa nadživio svog egipatskog suvremenika Seqenenra Taoa II., a bio je još uvijek na prijestolju (makar mnogo manjeg kraljevstva) nakon kraja Kamoseove vladavine. Posljednji Vladar Hiksa (ili vladari) iz petnaeste dinastije nesumnjivo je imao kratku vladavinu jer pada u razdoblje prve polovice vladavine <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I." class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmose I.">Ahmosea I.</a>, Kamoseovog nasljednika i osnivača osamnaeste dinastije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Za_vrijeme_Ahmosea">Za vrijeme Ahmosea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Za vrijeme Ahmosea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Za vrijeme Ahmosea"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahmose, prvi vladar <a href="/wiki/Osamnaesta_egipatska_dinastija" class="mw-redirect" title="Osamnaesta egipatska dinastija">osamnaeste dinastije</a>, je moža bio na prijestolju neko vrijeme prije nego što je nastavio rat protiv Hiksa. </p><p>Pojedinosti o njegovim vojnim pohodima uzete su iz zapisa na zidovima grobnice drugog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmose,_sin_Ebana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmose, sin Ebana (stranica ne postoji)">Ahmosea</a>, vojnika iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekheb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekheb (stranica ne postoji)">El-Kaba</a>, grada u južnog gornjem Egiptu, čiji je otac služio pod <a href="/wiki/Tao_II._Hrabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tao II. Hrabri">Seqenenra Taom II.</a> i čija je obitelj dugo bila na položaju <a href="/wiki/Nomarh" title="Nomarh">Nomarha</a> u tom području. Čini se da je bilo potrebno nekoliko pohoda na Avaris prije nego što su Hiksi napokon istjerani iz donjeg Egipta. Nije poznato kada se točno dogodilo. Neki smatrju da se to dogodilo već u četvrtoj godini Ahmnoseove vladavine, dok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_B._Redford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald B. Redford (stranica ne postoji)">Donald Redford</a>, čija se kronološka struktura ovdje koristi, smatra da se to dogodilo tek u petnaestoj godini njegove vladavine. Vojnik Ahmose izričito napominje da je pješke pratio vladara Ahmosea dok se on vozio u svojoj ratnoj kočiji. To je prvo spominjanje upotrebe kočije i konja os strane Egipćana. U opetovanim borbama oko Avarisa, vojnik je zarobljavao suparnike zbog čega mu je triput dodijeljeno "Zlato hrabrosti". Sam pad Avarisa spominje se samo kratko: "Tada je Avaris opljačkan. Tada sam iz njega iznio plijen: jednog muškarca, tri žene, ukupno četiri osobe. Tada ih mi je njegovo veličanstvo darovalo kao robove." </p><p>Nakon pada Avarisa Egipćani su progonili Hikse preko sjevernog <a href="/wiki/Sinaj" title="Sinaj">Sinaja</a> u južni <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a>. Tamo je utvrđeni grad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharuhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharuhen (stranica ne postoji)">Sharuhen</a>, u pustinji <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> između <a href="/wiki/Rafah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah">Rafaha</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gaza" class="mw-disambig" title="Gaza">Gaze</a>, sravnjen nakon, kao što navodi vojnik iz El-Kaba, trogodišnje opsade. Koliko se brzo nakon pada Avarisa dogodio ovaj pohod nije pouzdano poznato. Moglo bi se zaključiti da se prodor u Canaan dogodio relativno brzo nakon istjerivanja Hiksa iz Avarisa, ali, ako se uzme u obzir dugo razdoblje borbi prije pada Avarisa i moguće, višegodišnjih akcija prije nego što su Hiksi bili stjerani u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharuhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharuhen (stranica ne postoji)">Sharuhen</a>, kronološki slijed ipak ostaje nepoznanica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiksi_u_kasnijim_razdobljima">Hiksi u kasnijim razdobljima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Hiksi u kasnijim razdobljima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Hiksi u kasnijim razdobljima"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hiksi su nastavili igrati ulogu u egipatskoj literaturi kao sinonim za "azijatski" sve do helenističkih vremena. Pojam se često koristio za opisivanje skupina poput Židova koji su bili naseljeni u Asuanu ili Delti, a to je možda navelo egipatskog svećenika i povjesničara Manetha da poveže dolazak Hiksa s boravkom Josipa i njegove braće u Egiptu. To je pak pomoglo suvremenim povjesničarima da povežu progon Hiksa s <a href="/wiki/Knjiga_izlaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Knjiga izlaska">knjigom izlaska</a>. </p><p>Čini se da postoje prilično jasni dokazi da su vladari <a href="/wiki/Devetnaesta_egipatska_dinastija" class="mw-redirect" title="Devetnaesta egipatska dinastija">devetnaeste dinastije</a> imali neke veze s Hiksima. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramzes_I." class="mw-redirect" title="Ramzes I.">Ramzes I.</a> imao je nasljedna imanja u blizini Avarisa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I." class="mw-redirect" title="Seti I.">Seti I.</a> proslavio je 400. obljetnicu štovanja <a href="/wiki/Set" title="Set">Seta</a> (Hiksi su Seta poistovjećivali s <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baalom</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzes_II." class="mw-redirect" title="Ramzes II.">Ramzes II.dao</a> je semitsko ime jednoj od svojih najdražih kćeri (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bint_Anath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bint Anath (stranica ne postoji)">Bint Anath</a>).</li> <li>Svi rani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramesidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramesidi (stranica ne postoji)">Ramesidi</a> davali su Azijatima istaknute položaje u civilnoj upravi.</li> <li>Vrijeđanje Hiksa, prisutno tijekom prvog dijela osamnaeste dinastije, gotovo potpuno nestaje.</li> <li>Faraon Ramzes II. premjestio je svoju prijestolnicu natrag u Avaris - i dao joj ime po sebi (Pr Ramzes).</li></ul> <p>Nakon kaosa kraja devetnaeste dinastije, prvi vladari dvadesete dinastije ponovno su potakli mržnju prema Hiksima da bi ojačali reakciju domaćeg stanovništva prema azijatskim naseljenicima na sjeveru, koji su u tom razdoblju možda ponovno izgnani iz zemlje. </p><p>Grcima je bila poznata priča o Hiksima, pokušali su je uklopiti u vlastitu mitologiju progonstvom Belusa (<a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>) i kćeri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danaosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danaosa (stranica ne postoji)">Danaosa</a>, što se povezuje s podrijetlom dinastija Argiva. </p><p>U dijelima <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i> i <i>Against Appion</i>, <a href="/wiki/Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> navodi iskrivljenu priču koja navodno potječe od Manetha, u kojoj se poistovjećuje izbacivanje Židova i Hiksa sa izbacivanjem skupine azijatkih gubavaca koje je vodio odmetnuti egipatski svećenik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osarseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osarseph (stranica ne postoji)">Osarseph</a>. Čini se da je ova priča zbir događaja iz razdoblja Amarna, prijašnjeg progona Hiksa, i doagađaja s kraja devetnaeste dinastije. Josephus je također odgovoran za krivu etimologiju po kojoj pojam Hiksi zapravo znači Hekw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shasu (stranica ne postoji)">Shasu</a> – lutajući kraljevi pastira. – što su ispravili tek suvremeniji znanstvenici. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen von Beckerath (stranica ne postoji)">von Beckerath, Jürgen</a>. <i>Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten</i> (1965) [<i>Ägyptologische Forschungen</i>, Heft 23].</li> <li>Gardiner, Sir Alan. <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs</i> (1964, 1961</li> <li>Hayes, William C. "Chronology: Egypt—To End of Twentieth Dynasty."</li> <li>Hayes, William C. "Egypt: From the Death of Ammenemes III to Seqenenre II,"</li> <li>Helck, Wolfgang. <i>Die Beziehungen Ägyptens zu Vorderasien im 3. und 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.</i> (1962)</li> <li>Hornung, Erik. <i>Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Geschichte des Neuen Reiches</i> (1964)</li> <li>James, T.G.H. "Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I,"</li> <li>Montet, Pierre. <i>Eternal Egypt</i> (1964).</li> <li>Pritchard, James B. (Editor). <i>Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament</i></li> <li>Redford, Donald B. <i>History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Seven Studies</i>. (1967).</li> <li>Redford, Donald B. "The Hyksos Invasion in History and Tradition" <i>Orientalia</i> 39 (1970).</li> <li>Van Seters, John. <i>The Hyksos: A New Investigation</i> (1967).</li> <li>Säve-Söderbergh, T. "The Hyksos Rule in Egypt," <i>Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i> 37 (1951),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Winlock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Winlock (stranica ne postoji)">Winlock, H. E.</a> <i>The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom in Thebes</i> (1947).</li> <li>Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah, "The MacMillan Bible Atlas"</li></ul> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyksos" title="commons:Category:Hyksos"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyksos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hyksos">Hiksi</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&oldid=42389717">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiksi&oldid=42389717</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Drevni_Egipat" title="Kategorija:Drevni Egipat">Drevni Egipat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nestali_narodi" title="Kategorija:Nestali narodi">Nestali narodi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 21. januara 2025. u 07:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Započni temu</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7ccc697c5f-j78qh","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.037","walltime":"0.050","ppvisitednodes":{"value":101,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":337,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":3,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1.645 1 Šablon:Commonscat","100.00% 1.645 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-4xpxc","timestamp":"20250322151935","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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