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EU legislation and UK law
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for="type">Type:</label><select name="type" id="type"><option value="primary+secondary" selected="selected">All UK Legislation (excluding originating from the EU)</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="all">All Legislation (including originating from the EU)</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="primary">All Primary Legislation</option><option value="ukpga"> UK Public General Acts</option><option value="ukla"> UK Local Acts</option><option value="ukppa"> UK Private and Personal Acts</option><option value="asp"> Acts of the Scottish Parliament</option><option value="asc"> Acts of Senedd Cymru</option><option value="anaw"> Acts of the National Assembly for Wales</option><option value="mwa"> Measures of the National Assembly for Wales</option><option value="ukcm"> Church Measures</option><option value="nia"> Acts of the Northern Ireland 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href="#FindingtherightversionoflegislationoriginatingfromtheEU">Finding the right version of legislation originating from the EU</a></li><li><a href="#revisinglegislation">Revising legislation originating from the EU</a></li><li><a href="#selection-criteria">Selecting legislation originating from the EU to publish on legislation.gov.uk</a></li><li><a href="#CitationNumberingandSearch">Citation, Numbering and Search</a></li></ul></div><p class="backToTop"><a href="#top">Back to top</a></p></div><div class="s_9 p_two"><div id="title"><h1 id="pageTitle">EU legislation and UK law</h1></div><div id="content"><p class="first">The UK is no longer a member of the European Union. EU legislation as it applied to the UK on 31 December 2020 is now a part of UK domestic legislation, under the control of the UK’s Parliaments and Assemblies, and is published on legislation.gov.uk. It is being kept up to date on legislation.gov.uk in the same way as other forms of domestic legislation. The information below will help you to understand what we are publishing, and how to find the legislation you need.</p><p>The legislation originating from the EU and published on legislation.gov.uk covers a wide range of subjects, from trade to travel. Changes to these laws may affect your business, family, or personal circumstances. If you are looking for government guidance on what you need to do in order to adapt to EU Exit you should visit <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://www.gov.uk/transition" target="_blank">gov.uk/transition</a>.</p><h2 id="LegislationoriginatingfromtheEuropeanUnion">Legislation originating from the European Union</h2><p>Some types of EU legislation such as Regulations and Decisions, are directly applicable as law in an EU Member State. This meant that, as a Member State, these types of legislation applied automatically in the UK, under <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/68/section/2">section 2(1)</a> of the European Communities Act 1972 (c.68), without any further action required by the UK. These types of legislation are published by the Publications Office of the European Union on the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html" target="_blank">EUR-Lex website</a>. We have captured this legislation from EUR-Lex and published it on legislation.gov.uk as ‘legislation originating from the EU’.</p><p>Other types of EU legislation, such as Directives, are indirectly applicable, which means they require a Member State to make domestic implementing legislation before becoming law in that State. In the UK this was often achieved by making Statutory Instruments rather than passing primary legislation. For example, <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/1415/contents">The Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2015</a> (No. 1415) implemented the EU Directive on the re-use of public sector information (<a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudr/2003/98/contents">Directive (EC) No. 2003/98</a>). This implementing legislation has always been published on legislation.gov.uk.</p><h2 id="EUExitArrangements">EU Exit Arrangements</h2><p>The <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eut/withdrawal-agreement/contents/adopted" target="_blank">Withdrawal Agreement</a> between the UK and the EU set out the arrangements for the UK’s withdrawal from the EU at 11.00 p.m. on 31 January 2020 (“exit day”), which included a transition or implementation period, during which EU law continued to apply in the UK. The implementation period, which was given effect in UK law by section 1 of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (c. 1), expired at 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020 ("IP completion day"), as set out in <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/1/section/39">section 39</a> of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (c. 1).</p><p>EU legislation which applied directly or indirectly to the UK before 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020 has been retained in UK law as a form of domestic legislation known as ‘retained EU legislation’. This is set out in <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/2">sections 2</a> and <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/3">3</a> of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16). <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/4">Section 4</a> of the 2018 Act ensures that any remaining EU rights and obligations, including directly effective rights within EU treaties, continue to be recognised and available in domestic law after exit.</p><p>The <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/29/contents">European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020 (c. 29)</a> implements the arrangements for the relationship between the UK and the EU after the implementation period, as agreed on 24 December 2020. These arrangements include the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the Agreement on Nuclear Cooperation and the Agreement on Security Procedures for Exchanging and Protecting Classified Information. The Act provides for the application of these, and any supplementary, agreements in domestic law. It also provides for the interpretation of domestic laws in light of these agreements.</p><p><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/schedule/5">Schedule 5</a> to The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) requires us to publish EU legislation, including selected EU treaties and agreements, that were published by the EU up to 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020, a body of legislation of which retained direct EU legislation is a part.</p><p>The publishing duty lies with the King's Printer, who is the Chief Executive of The National Archives. The King's Printer's duties are being met in two ways: through <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/" target="_blank">legislation.gov.uk</a> and through an <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/eu-exit/" target="_blank">EU Exit Web Archive</a>.</p><h3>legislation.gov.uk</h3><p>Legislation.gov.uk is where you will find legislation required to be published under <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/schedule/5">Schedule 5</a> to the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16). We call this collection "<a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/browse/eu">Legislation Originating from the EU</a>". In this collection we have also published corrigenda (correction slips for EU legislation), EU Directives, selected Treaties and amendment information. Sometimes only original versions (as first adopted by the EU) are available. Where possible, we have also published EU legislation as amended by the EU prior to 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020. You can also find point in time versions to show how this legislation has changed over time.</p><h3>EU Exit Web Archive</h3><p>The <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/eu-exit/" target="_blank">EU Exit Web Archive</a> is the comprehensive and official UK reference point for EU law as it stood at 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020. The collection comprises a wider selection of documents from EUR-Lex in English, French and German. It includes Treaties, legislative acts, the Official Journal of the European Union, case law and other supporting materials, and judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union. A link to these versions is available from every item of legislation originating from the EU on legislation.gov.uk. Versions held in the EU Exit Web Archive do not reflect any changes made after 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020, either by the EU, or by the UK.</p><h3>Exemptions and Exceptions</h3><p><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/schedule/6">Schedule 6</a> to the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) defines EU instruments that are exempt from the category of retained EU law. <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/schedule/5">Schedule 5</a> to the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) creates a power for Ministers to create an exception from the duty to publish, in the form of a Ministerial Direction. This can relate to a specific document, or to a category of instruments. When made, Ministerial Directions are published on legislation.gov.uk, and linked to the legislation that has been excepted.</p><h2 id="FindingtherightversionoflegislationoriginatingfromtheEU">Finding the right version of legislation originating from the EU</h2><p>The <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eut/withdrawal-agreement/contents/adopted">Withdrawal Agreement</a> makes provision for EU legislation to continue to have effect in the UK in certain limited circumstances. <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/7A">Sections 7A</a> and <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/7B">7B</a> of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) specify that EU legislation will continue to apply as it does in Member States, in relation to those rights, powers, liabilities, obligations and restrictions set out in the Withdrawal Agreement, as well as the EEA EFTA separation agreement or the Swiss citizens' rights agreement. This includes legislation which falls within the <strong><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eut/withdrawal-agreement/attachment/1/adopted">Northern Ireland Protocol</a></strong>.</p><p>The Northern Ireland Protocol sets out the circumstances in which EU legislation may continue to apply in the UK in respect of Northern Ireland in order to maintain the necessary conditions for continued cooperation between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and avoid a hard border. This is a complex area of law, and you should read the relevant legislation carefully.</p><p>If you are seeking legislation as it applies in relation to Northern Ireland, or any of the other scenarios which fall under the Withdrawal Agreement, you may need to refer to more than one version of the EU legislation in order to get the full picture. Different versions can be found as follows:</p><ul> <li><strong>Legislation.gov.uk</strong> is where you can find legislation originating from the EU as it now applies in the UK. This legislation will be kept up to date with any amendments made by the UK Parliaments, Governments and Assemblies. For our editorial approach and timelines see <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eu-legislation-and-uk-law#revisinglegislation">Revising legislation originating from the EU</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html?locale=en" target="_blank">EUR-Lex</a></strong> is where you can find EU legislation as it applies to EU Member States, and as it may continue to apply to the UK under sections 7A or 7B of the Withdrawal Act. A link to the EU versions of legislation is available from every item of legislation originating from the EU published on legislation.gov.uk. However, legislation.gov.uk will not publish any new EU legislation published on EUR-Lex after 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020, or reference amendments made by the EU after that date.</li> <li><strong><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/eu-exit/" target="_blank">EU Exit Web Archive</a></strong> is where you can find versions of EU legislation from EUR-Lex as they stood at 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020.</li> </ul><h2 id="revisinglegislation">Revising legislation originating from the EU</h2><p>Amendments to retained EU legislation made by UK legislation are treated by legislation.gov.uk in the same way as amendments to any other type of UK legislation. The amendments are published in <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/changes">Changes to Legislation</a> as soon as possible. When brought into force, these amendments are carried out and revised versions of changed documents are created. We are also creating point in time versions of documents to show how they have changed over time.</p><p>However, over 140,000 amendments came into force at 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020, which is more than three times the annual number of legislative amendments normally generated by all types of UK legislation. We are identifying and recording these amendments and then incorporating them into the text of the affected legislation. Due to the high volume of changes being made to legislation for EU Exit this work will take longer than usual and our usual <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/understanding-legislation#editorialpractice">editorial practice and timescales</a> will not apply. Be aware that, as a consequence, these amendments may not be immediately available on Changes to Legislation.</p><h2 id="selection-criteria">Selecting legislation originating from the EU to publish on legislation.gov.uk</h2><p>Our source for legislation originating from the EU was EUR-Lex, the official EU legislation website. We used EUR-Lex's <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/tools/TableOfSectors/types_of_documents_in_eurlex.html" target="_blank">CELEX sector classification scheme</a> to identify the legislation specified by <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/schedule/5">Schedule 5</a> to the European (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16), as amended by the <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/1/contents">European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020</a> (c. 1). With the exception of four Treaties all documents were from sector 3 (legislation), sub-sectors R (Regulations), L (Directives) and D (Decisions).</p><p>When selecting which documents to publish on legislation.gov.uk we applied the following rules:</p><ul> <li>We have only published legislation that has an official EUR-Lex CELEX number and is available in English.</li> <li>We have not published unnumbered legislation.</li> <li>Where available, we have published revised versions of documents that incorporate amendments made over time. This is the default view when accessing documents on legislation.gov.uk.</li> <li>We have also published original 'as adopted' versions of documents. These are the original versions of the legislation as first passed and adopted by the EU with no subsequent changes/amendments.</li> <li>We have only published EU legislation that is publically available in XML or in PDF formats. Corrigenda are only available in PDF.</li> <li>Not all EU tertiary legislation as defined by <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/16/section/20">section 20</a> of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (c. 16) meets these criteria. Any EU tertiary legislation which is not available on legislation.gov.uk may be available on the EU Exit Web Archive.</li> </ul><h2 id="CitationNumberingandSearch">Citation, Numbering and Search</h2><p>To aid legal certainty, the Regulations, Decisions and Directives originating from the EU, as published on legislation.gov.uk, have the same year and number that they were assigned by the EU. For example, when searching for Council Regulation (EU) 2018/2056 of 6 December 2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 216/2013 on the electronic publication of the Official Journal of the European Union, select document type 'Regulations originating in the EU', and use '2018' as the year and '2056' as the number.</p><p>References to EU legislation within UK legislation are generally to be interpreted as referring to the versions of items of EU legislation as published on legislation.gov.uk unless clearly indicated otherwise.</p><p><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/628/contents/made">The European Union (Withdrawal) Act (Consequential Modification and Repeals and Revocations) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019</a> (No. 628) and <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/1447/contents/made">The European Union Withdrawal (Consequential Modifications) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020</a> (No. 1447) make further provision for how references to EU legislation in UK legislation should be interpreted.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="footerNav"><ul><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/help">Help</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aboutus">About Us</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/sitemap">Site Map</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/contactus">Contact Us</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/privacynotice">Privacy Notice</a></li><li><a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/cookiepolicy" id="cookies-content-link">Cookies</a></li></ul></div><div id="footer"><div><p class="copyrightstatement"><img src="/web/20230720180740im_/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/images/chrome/ogl-symbol.gif" alt="OGL logo"/><span xml:lang="" id="Copyright_Statement">All content is available under the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230720180740/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3" target="_blank" rel="license">Open Government Licence v3.0</a> except where <a href="/web/20230720180740/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/contributors">otherwise stated</a>. 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