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title="ၶဝ်ႈလႄႇ ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%BD%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လိူင်ႈၶူင်းၵၢၼ်၊ သူႁဵတ်းသင်လႆႈ လႄႈ တေႁႃလႆႈၵႃႈလႂ်"><span>ၵိူၼ်ႇတူ တူင်ႇဝိူင်း</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9A%E1%81%A2%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA" title="သွၵ်ႈႁႃ 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action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး" aria-label="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း:သွၵ်ႈႁႃ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ၶူၼ်ႉႁႃ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en" class=""><span>လူႇတၢၼ်း</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89&returnto=%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%3AArticle+wizard&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="ၸဝ်ႈၵဝ်ႇထုၵ်ႇပၼ်ႁႅင်း တွၼ်ႈတႃႇၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ ဢၶွင်ႉလႄႈ လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ။ ႁူမ်ႈဝႃႈၼၼ်သေတႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၸႂ်ႈဝႃႈ ဢမ်ႇႁဵတ်းဢမ်ႇလႆႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။" class=""><span>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈဢၶွင်ႉ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&returnto=%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%3AArticle+wizard&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="ဢမ်ႇလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇၵေႃႈမူၼ်ႉမႄးလႆႈ ၵူၺ်း တိုၵ်းသူၼ်းႁႂ်ႈလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ၶိူင်ႈသုၼ်ႇလဵဝ်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=en"><span>လူႇတၢၼ်း</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89&returnto=%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%3AArticle+wizard&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="ၸဝ်ႈၵဝ်ႇထုၵ်ႇပၼ်ႁႅင်း တွၼ်ႈတႃႇၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈ ဢၶွင်ႉလႄႈ လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ။ ႁူမ်ႈဝႃႈၼၼ်သေတႃႉ ဢမ်ႇၸႂ်ႈဝႃႈ ဢမ်ႇႁဵတ်းဢမ်ႇလႆႈၼင်ႇၵဝ်ႇ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ၵေႃႇသၢင်ႈဢၶွင်ႉ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item active"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8&returnto=%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%3AArticle+wizard&returntoquery=centralAuthAutologinTried%3D1%26centralAuthError%3DNot%2Bcentrally%2Blogged%2Bin" title="ဢမ်ႇလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇၵေႃႈမူၼ်ႉမႄးလႆႈ ၵူၺ်း တိုၵ်းသူၼ်းႁႂ်ႈလွၵ်ႉဢိၼ်ႇ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B6%E1%82%83%E1%82%88" title="လွင်ႈဢုပ်ႇဢူဝ်း ၵပ်းၵၢႆႇလွင်ႈမႄးထတ်း ၵႃႈတီႈ ႁဵင်းလိၵ်ႈဢၢႆႇၽီႇဢၼ်ၼႆႉ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ဢုပ်ႇ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">လွၵ်ႉၶဝ်ႈ</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ဢွင်ႈတီႈၸိုဝ်ႈ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="တူၺ်း"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ၶိူင်ႈၵမ်ႉၵႅမ်" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ၶိူင်ႈၵမ်ႉၵႅမ်</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ၶိူင်ႈၵမ်ႉၵႅမ်</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">သိူင်ႇ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ၵူႈလွင်ႈလွင်ႈ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=shn" title="လူတ်ႇၶိုၼ်ႈၾၢႆႇ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>လူတ်ႇၶိုၼ်ႈၾၢႆႇ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8:%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပိုတ်ႇၼႄသဵၼ်ႈ ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈ ၶိုၵ်ႉတွၼ်း</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="ၼႃႈလိၵ်ႈၼႆႉ မၼ်းပဵၼ်ပိူဝ်းသျိၼ်း ဢၼ်ဢိတ်ႇဢွၵ်ႇလႆႈ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ဝႃးသျိၼ်းဢၼ်ၽိမ်းဢွၵ်ႇလႆႈ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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