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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_the_template" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_the_template"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Using the template</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Using_the_template-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Using the template subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Using_the_template-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Non-1:1 and non-exact matches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISNI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISNI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>ISNI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISNI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VIAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VIAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>VIAF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VIAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LCCN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LCCN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>LCCN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LCCN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GND_(former_PND)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GND_(former_PND)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>GND (former PND)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GND_(former_PND)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SELIBR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SELIBR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>SELIBR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SELIBR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ORCID" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ORCID"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>ORCID</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ORCID-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MBA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MBA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.7</span> <span>MBA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MBA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Authority control</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Normdata" title="Wikipedia:Normdata – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Normdata" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Normdaten" title="Wikipedia:Normdaten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wikipedia:Normdaten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ويكيبيديا:ضبط استنادي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:ضبط استنادي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:Authority_control" title="ویکی‌پدیا:Authority control – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:Authority control" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="विकिपीडिया:ऑथारिटी कंट्रोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विकिपीडिया:ऑथारिटी कंट्रोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata" title="Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Normdaten" title="Wikipedia:Normdaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Normdaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projekto:Bibliotekoj" title="Projekto:Bibliotekoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Projekto:Bibliotekoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:전거 통제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विकिपीडिया:प्राधिकरण नियंत्रण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:प्राधिकरण नियंत्रण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontrol_ti_autoridad" title="Wikipedia:Kontrol ti autoridad – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wikipedia:Kontrol ti autoridad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედია:იდენტიფიკატორები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:იდენტიფიკატორები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="विकिपीडिया:अथॉरिटी कंट्रोल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकिपीडिया:अथॉरिटी कंट्रोल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Wikipedia:Kawalan kewibawaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Kawalan kewibawaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B8%E6%8B%A0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:典拠管理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:典拠管理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata" title="Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Autoritetsdata" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Wikipédia:Controle de autoridade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Controle de autoridade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Control_de_autoritate" title="Wikipedia:Control de autoritate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Control de autoritate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:අධිකාරී පාලනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:අධිකාරී පාලනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9605193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1019578893">.mw-parser-output .lua-sidebar{width:auto;max-width:22em}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Wikipedia authority control</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Project page</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Authority_control" title="Template talk:Authority control">discussion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">help</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Authority_control/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Authority control/">subpages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control/sandbox" title="Template:Authority control/sandbox">sandbox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control/testcases" title="Template:Authority control/testcases">testcases</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control/doc" title="Template:Authority control/doc">doc</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Authority_control/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Authority control/">subpages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/sandbox" title="Module:Authority control/sandbox">sandbox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module_talk:Authority_control/testcases" title="Module talk:Authority control/testcases">testcases</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/doc" title="Module:Authority control/doc">doc</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Config</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config/staging" title="Module:Authority control/config/staging">staging</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config/sandbox" title="Module:Authority control/config/sandbox">sandbox</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config/doc" title="Module:Authority control/config/doc">doc</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Auxiliary</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary/sandbox" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary/sandbox">sandbox</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/documentation" title="Module:Authority control/documentation">Doc module</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/documentation/sandbox" title="Module:Authority control/documentation/sandbox">sandbox</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_authority_control" title="Category:Wikipedia authority control">Category</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_authority_control_identifiers_needing_attention" title="Category:Pages with authority control identifiers needing attention">attention</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control/related" title="Template:Authority control/related"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Authority_control/related" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Authority control/related"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Authority_control/related" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Authority control/related"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Authority control</b> is a method used to assign a unique identifier to each topic, which, like Wikipedia's own <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:D">disambiguation</a> process and <a href="/wiki/H:R" class="mw-redirect" title="H:R">redirects</a>, is critical for subjects that either have the same name but refer to different topics, like differentiating between <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Smith (professor)">John Smith (professor)</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(English_poet)" title="John Smith (English poet)">John Smith (English poet)</a>, or have different names but refer to the same topic, like <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Langhorne Clemens">Samuel Langhorne Clemens</a>. </p><p>The <b><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Authority control</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></b> template links Wikipedia articles (and user pages) to the corresponding entries in <a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">library catalogs</a> of <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national libraries</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Authority_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Authority file">authority files</a> all over the world. The entries typically correspond to people, book titles, and similar well-defined entities and are stored in <a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>. </p><p>As of March 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Authority_control&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the English Wikipedia has approximately 2,110,000 articles tagged with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Authority control</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Linked_catalogs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linked_catalogs"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linked_catalogs"></span>Linked catalogs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linked_catalogs"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Linked catalogs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The template can display identifiers from many authority files: <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> and partner institutions), <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>), <a href="/wiki/SELIBR" class="mw-redirect" title="SELIBR">SELIBR</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sweden" title="National Library of Sweden">National Library of Sweden</a>), <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> (Virtual International Authority File by <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>), <a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a> (Open Researcher and Contributor ID), and more (30+ sources, see "local conf" list at <a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a>). Some authority files are themselves aggregators – for example, VIAF combines authority records from over 40 national libraries and other authority files like the Getty <a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">Union List of Artist Names</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Purpose" data-mw-thread-id="h-Purpose"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Purpose"></span>Purpose<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Purpose"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National libraries and other libraries, archives and collections use authority records to link works to specific persons who either were involved in the creation of these works or are the subjects of these works. Such works can be books, comic books, music albums, all kinds of videos (movies, documentaries, TV series), paintings, manuscripts and so on. </p><p>Direct benefits to readers are direct access to these linked works where available (e.g. finding a library holding a particular book on a topic). </p><p>Initially, en.wikipedia has used authority control data for biographical articles only. Authority files, however, are not restricted to information about people. Some files contain data about organizations, geographic names, work titles, or general subject terms or keywords. </p><p>By adding authority data to Wikipedia articles, software developers from both the Wikimedia and library communities will be able to create new tools to link and combine information from Wikipedia and databases and online catalogs that use these identifiers. Such tools may use the simple <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_links_to_external_resources" class="extiw" title="m:Dynamic links to external resources">BEACON</a> file format, pioneered by the German Wikipedia community, to connect external sources by dynamic links. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Using_the_template" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_the_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_the_template"></span>Using the template<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_the_template"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Using the template"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Position" data-mw-thread-id="h-Position-Using_the_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Position-Using_the_template"></span>Position<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Position-Using_the_template"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Standard_appendices_and_footers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout</a></div> <p>As a metadata template, the Authority control template should be placed after the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> section and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_templates" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Navigation templates">navigation templates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches-Using_the_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches-Using_the_template"></span>Non-1:1 and non-exact matches<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-1:1_and_non-exact_matches-Using_the_template"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-1:1 and non-exact matches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many cases where the topic in Wikipedia does not match the topic in the authority control system (see for example <a href="/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_pseudonyms" title="Category:Redirects from pseudonyms">Category:Redirects from pseudonyms</a> for examples of people with more than one name, or <a href="/wiki/Category:Groups_of_people" title="Category:Groups of people">Category:Groups of people</a> for examples of articles about multiple people). In these cases, the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Authority control</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template should be put on the page (article or redirect) that most closely matches the topic in the authority control system. If necessary, create a new redirect to carry the template. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_are_cheap" title="Wikipedia:Redirects are cheap">Wikipedia:Redirects are cheap</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Parameters-Using_the_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Parameters-Using_the_template"></span>Parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Parameters-Using_the_template"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parameters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control#Usage" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control § Usage</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISNI" data-mw-thread-id="h-ISNI-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-ISNI-Parameters"></span>ISNI<span data-mw-comment-end="h-ISNI-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ISNI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ISNI (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>) is an identifier based on an ISO standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VIAF" data-mw-thread-id="h-VIAF-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-VIAF-Parameters"></span>VIAF<span data-mw-comment-end="h-VIAF-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: VIAF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The VIAF ID corresponding to the subject of the article can be found on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org">viaf.org</a> which combines authority records from many organizations worldwide into single datasets. Enter the person's name in the search field and find the corresponding dataset in the search results. The VIAF ID can be found underneath the name list. </p><p>If the entries for a particular person in the various authority records haven't been merged into a single VIAF dataset yet, use the VIAF ID that contains the subject's LCCN. Sooner or later VIAF will merge them into one dataset and redirect to this from old IDs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LCCN" data-mw-thread-id="h-LCCN-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-LCCN-Parameters"></span>LCCN<span data-mw-comment-end="h-LCCN-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: LCCN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a> can be found on various websites. The easiest way is via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org">viaf.org</a> (see above). Other options are the websites of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorities.loc.gov/">Library of Congress Identities</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/">Worldcat Identities</a>. </p><p>Note that the LCCN has to be formatted in a special way so it can be used in the template: it consists of an alphabetic prefix ("n", "nr", "no", etc.), the year (two digits, four digits since 2001) and a 6-digit serial number. These parts must be separated by a "/" and leading zeros of the serial number must be removed. </p> <ul><li>"<code>n 79063767</code>" → "<code>n/79/63767</code>"</li> <li>"<code>nr 79022889</code>" → "<code>nr/79/22889</code>"</li> <li>"<code>no2010136878</code>" → "<code>no/2010/136878</code>"</li> <li>"<code>n 2008077211</code>" → "<code>n/2008/77211</code>"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GND_(former_PND)" data-mw-thread-id="h-GND_(former_PND)-Parameters"><span id="GND_.28former_PND.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-GND_(former_PND)-Parameters"></span>GND (former PND)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-GND_(former_PND)-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: GND (former PND)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GND records can also be found via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org">viaf.org</a>. They are marked with "DNB" (<i>Deutsche Nationalbibliothek</i>). The GND entries in the VIAF datasets are linked to the entries in the online catalogue of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a>. In the GND record, the identifier can be found in the field "Link zu diesem Datensatz" ("<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/170118215">http://d-nb.info/gnd/170118215</a>" means the GND number is 170118215). Note that only biographical records where the name field is labeled "Person" are valid GND records that can be used in this template. If the name field is labeled "Name", this particular record is not individualized, which means that the record can contain publications of various authors of the same name. Within VIAF, such non-individualized GND records are labelled as <i>(undifferentiated)</i>. </p><p>Another method is to search directly on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de">portal.dnb.de</a>. You may restrict the search results by the links under the heading "Alle Normdaten" on the right. For authority data about persons, click "Personen". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SELIBR" data-mw-thread-id="h-SELIBR-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-SELIBR-Parameters"></span>SELIBR<span data-mw-comment-end="h-SELIBR-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: SELIBR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The identifier used by the National Library of Sweden can also be found via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org">viaf.org</a>. The VIAF datasets containing such identifiers link to the authority records at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se">libris.kb.se</a>. Copy the number in the last part of that web address and paste it into the SELIBR parameter in the template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ORCID" data-mw-thread-id="h-ORCID-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-ORCID-Parameters"></span>ORCID<span data-mw-comment-end="h-ORCID-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ORCID"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a> (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a nonproprietary alphanumeric code to uniquely identify scientific and other academic authors. Authors – including Wikipedia editors – may obtain an ORCID by signing up at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orcid.org/">orcid.org</a> </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ORCID" title="Wikipedia:ORCID">WP:ORCID</a> for more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MBA" data-mw-thread-id="h-MBA-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-MBA-Parameters"></span>MBA<span data-mw-comment-end="h-MBA-Parameters"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: MBA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MusicBrainz Artist ID is an ID in the open music encyclopedia <a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>. If you have the link to the artist on MusicBrainz, the ID is the last part of the URL. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples-Using_the_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples-Using_the_template"></span>Examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples-Using_the_template"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simply adding <code>{{Authority control}}</code> will display all the authority control information associated with the article in Wikidata. Managing the information in Wikidata ensures that it is available to other languages and projects as well. For full details see <a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control#Wikidata" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control § Wikidata</a>. </p><p>Here are some examples: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>:</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_–_Stephen_King_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4404" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_–_Stephen_King_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39829#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4404" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39829#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121446296">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97113511">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37229/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdgVCJpMKHYMtkmw6v4MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="King, Stephen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118813250">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063767">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909772t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909772t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00445718">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="King, Stephen <1947- >"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV000568">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35272078">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="King, Stephen"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990004346&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000083349&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5485906">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/41725">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068655193">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90054901">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000005529&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000151331">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=64454">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000023376">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199614933">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlmwrq4qbqxth">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810657078805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007306351605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000047560">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518259306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14706590">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02054237?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a4ac255f-9775-4c16-8642-7f51502e45dd">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118813250">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/891834">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118813250.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118813250">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028710355">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k75760">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>:</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_–_Albert_Einstein_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata6061" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_–_Albert_Einstein_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata6061" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012281955X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/32023/">FAST</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/460651/">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkhFRgHDtmhvmC6JdfXh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118529579">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022889">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119016075">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119016075">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00438728">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Einstein, Albert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV035853">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36582360">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990002019&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000021094&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX834035">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000074139">Romania</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/26339">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068350767">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90053072">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=369710&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000027126&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000012537&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000034649">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=76370">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200103196">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtts5z33mrjqc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810646540205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/91752">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007260607605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000215897">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511756306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14115549">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00708434?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-9538">ORCID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=53269">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22988279600">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:einstein.albert">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qc6CJjYAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/62280">MathSciNet</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/albert-einstein/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500240971">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c98c325e-7277-46e8-8b44-e3517f3e041a">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118529579">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/382451">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118529579.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118529579">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026849186">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/028814">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582637">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63c6p77">SNAC</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69k499r">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=42829">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/41024053">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>:</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_–_Barack_Obama_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5469" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_–_Barack_Obama_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5469" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121331026">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52010985">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/348231/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCKvFkHQ3F9QhY6vw3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132522136">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Obama, Barack"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94112934">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15591663c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15591663c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01112565">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Obama, Barack"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UMCV307371">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an44067442">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20070608010&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Обама, Барак (1961-)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000097729&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Obama, Barack (1961-)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000097730&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4663545">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000161813">Romania</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1378719">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p287770850">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/8001369">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=001208892&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000156760&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000485553&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000710697">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=268193">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200706582">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khw04qh32mvq8cl">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810689784805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007304957705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523280006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14008887">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1624368X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24587142900">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500404040">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0de4d19f-05c8-4562-a3c0-7abdc144f1d5">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/424232">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/barack-obama/4975">Grammy Awards</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/bios/barack-obama">Emmy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=O000167">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1460047">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/132522136.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/4SJPnNOfb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/132522136">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/118177257">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f29nwg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISNI" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI">ISNI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Isfdb_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Isfdb title">Template:Isfdb title</a> Internet Speculative Fiction Database</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:UBX/Authority_control" title="User:UBX/Authority control">User:UBX/Authority control</a> for self-identifying as an AC user</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Further_reading" data-mw-thread-id="h-Further_reading"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Further_reading"></span>Further reading<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Further_reading"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Authority_control&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a 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