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Schramm</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Tobias Schramm"> <meta name="keywords" content="Tobias Schramm"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Tobias Schramm"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 51</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Tobias Schramm</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Simulative Study of the Influence of Degraded Twin-Tube Shock Absorbers on the Lateral Forces of Vehicle Axles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schramm">Tobias Schramm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnther%20Prokop"> Günther Prokop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degraded vehicle shock absorbers represent a risk for road safety. The exact effect of degraded vehicle dampers on road safety is still the subject of research. This work is intended to contribute to estimating the effect of degraded twin-tube dampers of passenger cars on road safety. An axle model was built using a damper model to simulate different degradation levels. To parameterize the model, a realistic parameter space was estimated based on test rig measurements and database analyses, which is intended to represent the vehicle field in Germany. Within the parameter space, simulations of the axle model were carried out, which calculated the transmittable lateral forces of the various axle configurations as a function of vehicle speed, road surface, damper conditions and axle parameters. A degraded damper has the greatest effect on the transmittable lateral forces at high speeds and in poor road conditions. If a vehicle is traveling at a speed of 100 kph on a Class D road, a degraded damper reduces the transmissible lateral forces of an axle by 20 % on average. For individual parameter configurations, this value can rise to 50 %. The axle parameters that most influence the effect of a degraded damper are the vertical stiffness of the tire, the unsprung mass and the stabilizer stiffness of the axle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20dynamics" title="vehicle dynamics">vehicle dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20simulation" title=" vehicle simulation"> vehicle simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20component%20degradation" title=" vehicle component degradation"> vehicle component degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber%20model" title=" shock absorber model"> shock absorber model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber%20degradation" title=" shock absorber degradation"> shock absorber degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154108/simulative-study-of-the-influence-of-degraded-twin-tube-shock-absorbers-on-the-lateral-forces-of-vehicle-axles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> The Effect of Degraded Shock Absorbers on the Safety-Critical Stationary and Non-Stationary Lateral Dynamics of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schramm">Tobias Schramm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnther%20Prokop"> Günther Prokop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The average age of passenger cars is rising steadily around the world. Older vehicles are more sensitive to the degradation of chassis components. A higher age and a higher mileage of passenger cars correlate with an increased failure rate of vehicle shock absorbers. The most common degradation mechanism of vehicle shock absorbers is the loss of oil and gas. It is not yet fully understood how the loss of oil and gas in twin-tube shock absorbers affects the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of degraded twin-tube shock absorbers of passenger cars on their safety-critical lateral dynamics. A characteristic curve-based five-mass full vehicle model and a semi-physical phenomenological shock absorber model were set up, parameterized and validated. The shock absorber model is able to reproduce the damping characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorbers with oil and gas loss for various excitations. The full vehicle model was used to simulate stationary cornering and steering wheel angle step maneuvers on road classes A to D. The simulations were carried out in a realistic parameter space in order to demonstrate the influence of various vehicle characteristics on the effect of degraded shock absorbers. As a result, it was shown that degraded shock absorbers have a negative effect on the understeer gradient of vehicles. For stationary lateral dynamics, degraded shock absorbers for high road excitations reduce the maximum lateral accelerations. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers can change the understeer gradient of a vehicle in the direction of oversteer. Degraded shock absorbers also lead to increased rolling angles. Furthermore, degraded shock absorbers have a major impact on driving stability during steering wheel angle steps. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers, in particular, can lead to unstable handling. Especially the tire stiffness, the unsprung mass and the stabilizer stiffness influence the effect of degraded shock absorbers on the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20dynamics" title="driving dynamics">driving dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber%20degradation" title=" shock absorber degradation"> shock absorber degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20and%20nonstationary%20lateral%20dynamics." title=" stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics."> stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638/the-effect-of-degraded-shock-absorbers-on-the-safety-critical-stationary-and-non-stationary-lateral-dynamics-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The Effect of Degraded Shock Absorbers on the Safety-Critical Tipping and Rolling Behaviour of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schramm">Tobias Schramm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnther%20Prokop"> Günther Prokop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Germany, the number of road fatalities has been falling since 2010 at a more moderate rate than before. At the same time, the average age of all registered passenger cars in Germany is rising continuously. Studies show that there is a correlation between the age and mileage of passenger cars and the degradation of their chassis components. Various studies show that degraded shock absorbers increase the braking distance of passenger cars and have a negative impact on driving stability. The exact effect of degraded vehicle shock absorbers on road safety is still the subject of research. A shock absorber examination as part of the periodic technical inspection is only mandatory in very few countries. In Germany, there is as yet no requirement for such a shock absorber examination. More comprehensive findings on the effect of degraded shock absorbers on the safety-critical driving dynamics of passenger cars can provide further arguments for the introduction of mandatory shock absorber testing as part of the periodic technical inspection. The specific effect chains of untripped rollover accidents are also still the subject of research. However, current research results show that the high proportion of sport utility vehicles in the vehicle field significantly increases the probability of untripped rollover accidents. The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of degraded twin-tube shock absorbers on the safety-critical tipping and rolling behaviour of passenger cars, which can lead to untripped rollover accidents. A characteristic curve-based five-mass full vehicle model and a semi-physical phenomenological shock absorber model were set up, parameterized and validated. The shock absorber model is able to reproduce the damping characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorbers with oil and gas loss for various excitations. The full vehicle model was validated with steering wheel angle sinus sweep driving maneuvers. The model was then used to simulate steering wheel angle sine and fishhook maneuvers, which investigate the safety-critical tipping and rolling behavior of passenger cars. The simulations were carried out in a realistic parameter space in order to demonstrate the effect of various vehicle characteristics on the effect of degraded shock absorbers. As a result, it was shown that degraded shock absorbers have a negative effect on the tipping and rolling behavior of all passenger cars. Shock absorber degradation leads to a significant increase in the observed roll angles, particularly in the range of the roll natural frequency. This superelevation has a negative effect on the wheel load distribution during the driving maneuvers investigated. In particular, the height of the vehicle's center of gravity and the stabilizer stiffness of the vehicles has a major influence on the effect of degraded shock absorbers on the overturning and rolling behaviour of passenger cars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title="numerical simulation">numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety-critical%20driving%20dynamics" title=" safety-critical driving dynamics"> safety-critical driving dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspension%20degradation" title=" suspension degradation"> suspension degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tipping%20and%20rolling%20behavior%20of%20passenger%20cars" title=" tipping and rolling behavior of passenger cars"> tipping and rolling behavior of passenger cars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20shock%20absorber" title=" vehicle shock absorber"> vehicle shock absorber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194629/the-effect-of-degraded-shock-absorbers-on-the-safety-critical-tipping-and-rolling-behaviour-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Cross-Country Differences in Homeownership: A Cultural Phenomenon?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20J.%20Huber">Stefanie J. Huber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schmidt"> Tobias Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cross-country differences in homeownership rates are large and very persistent over time, ranging between 35% in Switzerland to 80% in Spain. In this project, we test the hypothesis that these cross-country differences are driven by cultural tastes. To isolate the effect of culture from the effects of institutions and economic factors, we investigate the homeownership attitudes of second-generation immigrants in the United States. We find robust evidence that cross-country differences in cultural preferences are an important explanatory factor for the observed persistent differences in homeownership rates across countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20markets" title="housing markets">housing markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homeownership%20rates" title=" homeownership rates"> homeownership rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country%20heterogeneity" title=" country heterogeneity"> country heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preferences" title=" preferences"> preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20transmission" title=" cultural transmission"> cultural transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46354/cross-country-differences-in-homeownership-a-cultural-phenomenon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Investigation of Water Transport Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Based on a Gas Diffusion Media Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20S.%20Alrwashdeh">Saad S. Alrwashdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henning%20Mark%C3%B6tter"> Henning Markötter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handri%20Ammari"> Handri Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Hau%C3%9Fmann"> Jan Haußmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Arlt"> Tobias Arlt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joachim%20Scholta"> Joachim Scholta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingo%20Manke"> Ingo Manke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, synchrotron X-ray imaging is used to study water transport inside polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Two measurement techniques are used, namely in-situ radiography and quasi-in-situ tomography combining together in order to reveal the relationship between the structures of the microporous layers (MPLs) and the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), the operation temperature and the water flow. The developed cell is equipped with a thick GDL and a high back pressure MPL. It is found that these modifications strongly influence the overall water transport in the whole adjacent GDM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrolyte%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title="polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell">polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microporous%20layer" title=" microporous layer"> microporous layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20transport" title=" water transport"> water transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiography" title=" radiography"> radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomography" title=" tomography"> tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119296/investigation-of-water-transport-dynamics-in-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cells-based-on-a-gas-diffusion-media-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Digital Transformation in Production Planning and Control: Evaluation of the Organizational Readiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Wissing">Tobias Wissing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Burggr%C3%A4f"> Peter Burggräf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wagner"> Johannes Wagner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cost pressure, competitiveness and the increasing turbulence of globalized saturated markets has been the driver for a variety of research activities in the field of production planning and control (PPC) during the past decades. For some time past an increasing awareness for innovative technologies in terms of Industry 4.0 can be noticed. Although there are many promising approaches a solely installation of those smart solutions will not maximize the PPC performance. To accelerate the successful digital transformation the cooperation between employee and technology also has to be adapted. The existing processes and organizational structures might be not sufficient to maximize the utilization of technological innovations. This paper presents the key results of an extensive study which was conducted by the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of the RWTH Aachen University to evaluate the current situation and examine the organizational readiness for this digital transformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-physical%20production%20system" title="cyber-physical production system">cyber-physical production system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%204.0" title=" industry 4.0"> industry 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning%20and%20control" title=" production planning and control"> production planning and control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56498/digital-transformation-in-production-planning-and-control-evaluation-of-the-organizational-readiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> The Effect of Flue Gas Condensation on the Exergy Efficiency and Economic Performance of a Waste-To-Energy Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Chinweuba%20Eboh">Francis Chinweuba Eboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Richards"> Tobias Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a waste-to-energy combined heat and power plant under construction was modelled and simulated with the Aspen Plus software. The base case process plant was evaluated and compared when integrated with flue gas condensation (FGC) in order to find out the impact of the exergy efficiency and economic feasibility as well as the effect of overall system exergy losses and revenue generated in the investigated plant. The economic evaluations were carried out using the vendor cost data from Aspen process economic analyser. The results indicate that 4 % increase in the exergy efficiency and 29 % reduction in the exergy loss in the flue gas were obtained when the flue gas condensation was incorporated. Furthermore, with the integrated FGC, the net present values (NPV) and income generated in the base process plant were increased by 29 % and 10 % respectively after 20 years of operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20feasibility" title="economic feasibility">economic feasibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20efficiency" title=" exergy efficiency"> exergy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20losses" title=" exergy losses"> exergy losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20condensation" title=" flue gas condensation"> flue gas condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-to-energy" title=" waste-to-energy"> waste-to-energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108189/the-effect-of-flue-gas-condensation-on-the-exergy-efficiency-and-economic-performance-of-a-waste-to-energy-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Estimating Current Suicide Rates Using Google Trends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ladislav%20Kristoufek">Ladislav Kristoufek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Susannah%20Moat"> Helen Susannah Moat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Preis"> Tobias Preis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data on the number of people who have committed suicide tends to be reported with a substantial time lag of around two years. We examine whether online activity measured by Google searches can help us improve estimates of the number of suicide occurrences in England before official figures are released. Specifically, we analyse how data on the number of Google searches for the terms “depression” and “suicide” relate to the number of suicides between 2004 and 2013. We find that estimates drawing on Google data are significantly better than estimates using previous suicide data alone. We show that a greater number of searches for the term “depression” is related to fewer suicides, whereas a greater number of searches for the term “suicide” is related to more suicides. Data on suicide related search behaviour can be used to improve current estimates of the number of suicide occurrences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nowcasting" title="nowcasting">nowcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20data" title=" search data"> search data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20Trends" title=" Google Trends"> Google Trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=official%20statistics" title=" official statistics"> official statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59622/estimating-current-suicide-rates-using-google-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Evaluation of Concrete on the Construction Site and in the Laboratory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerd%20Wilsch">Gerd Wilsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Guenther"> Tobias Guenther</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Voelker"> Tobias Voelker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of the ageing of vital infrastructure facilities, a reliable condition assessment of concrete structures is becoming of increasing interest for asset owners to plan timely and appropriate maintenance and repair interventions. For concrete structures, reinforcement corrosion induced by penetrating chlorides is the dominant deterioration mechanism affecting the serviceability and, eventually, structural performance. The determination of the quantitative chloride ingress is required not only to provide valuable information on the present condition of a structure, but the data obtained can also be used for the prediction of its future development and associated risks. At present, wet chemical analysis of ground concrete samples by a laboratory is the most common test procedure for the determination of the chloride content. As the chloride content is expressed by the mass of the binder, the analysis should involve determination of both the amount of binder and the amount of chloride contained in a concrete sample. This procedure is laborious, time-consuming, and costly. The chloride profile obtained is based on depth intervals of 10 mm. LIBS is an economically viable alternative providing chloride contents at depth intervals of 1 mm or less. It provides two-dimensional maps of quantitative element distributions and can locate spots of higher concentrations like in a crack. The results are correlated directly to the mass of the binder, and it can be applied on-site to deliver instantaneous results for the evaluation of the structure. Examples for the application of the method in the laboratory for the investigation of diffusion and migration of chlorides, sulfates, and alkalis are presented. An example for the visualization of the Li transport in concrete is also shown. These examples show the potential of the method for a fast, reliable, and automated two-dimensional investigation of transport processes. Due to the better spatial resolution, more accurate input parameters for model calculations are determined. By the simultaneous detection of elements such as carbon, chlorine, sodium, and potassium, the mutual influence of the different processes can be determined in only one measurement. Furthermore, the application of a mobile LIBS system in a parking garage is demonstrated. It uses a diode-pumped low energy laser (3 mJ, 1.5 ns, 100 Hz) and a compact NIR spectrometer. A portable scanner allows a two-dimensional quantitative element mapping. Results show the quantitative chloride analysis on wall and floor surfaces. To determine the 2-D distribution of harmful elements (Cl, C), concrete cores were drilled, split, and analyzed directly on-site. Results obtained were compared and verified with laboratory measurements. The results presented show that the LIBS method is a valuable addition to the standard procedures - the wet chemical analysis of ground concrete samples. Currently, work is underway to develop a technical code of practice for the application of the method for the determination of chloride concentration in concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20analysis" title="chemical analysis">chemical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIBS" title=" LIBS"> LIBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122944/application-of-laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-for-the-evaluation-of-concrete-on-the-construction-site-and-in-the-laboratory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Phase Diagrams and Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Aqueous Biphasic Systems Formed by Polyethylene Glycol and Potassium Sodium Tartrate at 303.15 K</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Cristina%20de%20Oliveira">Amanda Cristina de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20de%20Souza%20Monteiro%20Filho"> Elias de Souza Monteiro Filho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberta%20Ceriani"> Roberta Ceriani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquid-liquid extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) constitutes a powerful tool for purifying bio-materials, such as cells, organelles, proteins, among others. In this work, the extraction of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied in systems formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (1500, 4000, and 6000 g.mol⁻¹) + potassium sodium tartrate + water at 303.15°K. Phase diagrams were obtained by turbidimetry and Merchuk’s method (1998). The experimental tie-lines were described using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft correlations. ATPSs were correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The results were considered excellent according to global root-mean-square deviations found which were between 0,72 and 1,13%. The concentrations of the proteins in each phase were determined by spectrophotometry at 280 nm, finding partition efficiencies greater than 71%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20two%20phases%20systems" title="aqueous two phases systems">aqueous two phases systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20serum%20albumin" title=" bovine serum albumin "> bovine serum albumin </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-liquid%20extraction" title=" liquid-liquid extraction"> liquid-liquid extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20glycol" title=" polyethylene glycol"> polyethylene glycol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103304/phase-diagrams-and-liquid-liquid-extraction-in-aqueous-biphasic-systems-formed-by-polyethylene-glycol-and-potassium-sodium-tartrate-at-30315-k" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Model-Based Process Development for the Comparison of a Radial Riveting and Roller Burnishing Process in Mechanical Joining Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Beyer">Tobias Beyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Friedrich"> Christoph Friedrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern simulation methodology using finite element models is nowadays a recognized tool for product design/optimization. Likewise, manufacturing process design is increasingly becoming the focus of simulation methodology in order to enable sustainable results based on reduced real-life tests here as well. In this article, two process simulations -radial riveting and roller burnishing- used for mechanical joining of components are explained. In the first step, the required boundary conditions are developed and implemented in the respective simulation models. This is followed by process space validation. With the help of the validated models, the interdependencies of the input parameters are investigated and evaluated by means of sensitivity analyses. Limit case investigations are carried out and evaluated with the aid of the process simulations. Likewise, a comparison of the two joining methods to each other becomes possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title="FEM">FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model-based%20process%20development" title=" model-based process development"> model-based process development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20riveting" title=" radial riveting"> radial riveting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20burnishing" title=" roller burnishing"> roller burnishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151441/model-based-process-development-for-the-comparison-of-a-radial-riveting-and-roller-burnishing-process-in-mechanical-joining-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Techniques to Characterize Subpopulations among Hearing Impaired Patients and Its Impact for Hearing Aid Fitting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20K.%20Narne">Vijaya K. Narne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerard%20Loquet"> Gerard Loquet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Piechowiak"> Tobias Piechowiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorte%20Hammershoi"> Dorte Hammershoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesper%20H.%20Schmidt"> Jesper H. Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> BEAR, which stands for better hearing rehabilitation is a large-scale project in Denmark designed and executed by three national universities, three hospitals, and the hearing aid industry with the aim to improve hearing aid fitting. A total of 1963 hearing impaired people were included and were segmented into subgroups based on hearing-loss, demographics, audiological and questionnaires data (i.e., the speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale [SSQ-12] and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing-Aids [IOI-HA]). With the aim to provide a better hearing-aid fit to individual patients, we applied modern machine learning techniques with traditional audiograms rule-based systems. Results show that age, speech discrimination scores, and audiogram configurations were evolved as important parameters in characterizing sub-population from the data-set. The attempt to characterize sub-population reveal a clearer picture about the individual hearing difficulties encountered and the benefits derived from more individualized hearing aids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20loss" title="hearing loss">hearing loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audiological%20data" title=" audiological data"> audiological data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20aids" title=" hearing aids"> hearing aids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101004/techniques-to-characterize-subpopulations-among-hearing-impaired-patients-and-its-impact-for-hearing-aid-fitting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Method for Evaluating the Monetary Value of a Customized Version of the Digital Twin for the Additive Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Oettl">Fabio Oettl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Hoerbrand"> Sebastian Hoerbrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Wittmeir"> Tobias Wittmeir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Schilp"> Johannes Schilp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By combining the additive manufacturing (AM)- process with digital concepts, like the digital twin (DT) or the downsized and basing concept of the digital part file (DPF), the competitiveness of additive manufacturing is enhanced and new use cases like decentral production are enabled. But in literature, one can´t find any quantitative approach for valuing the usage of a DT or DPF in AM. Out of this fact, such an approach will be developed within this paper in order to further promote or dissuade the usage of these concepts. The focus is set on the production as an early lifecycle phase, which means that the AM-production process gets analyzed regarding the potential advantages of using DPF in AM. These advantages are transferred to a monetary value with this approach. By calculating the costs of the DPF, an overall monetary value is a result. Thereon a tool, based on a simulation environment is constructed, where the algorithms are transformed into a program. The results of applying this tool show that an overall value of 20,81 € for the DPF can be realized for one special use case. For the future application of the DPF there is the recommendation to integrate especially sustainable information because out of this, a higher value of the DPF can be expected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20concept%20costs" title=" digital concept costs"> digital concept costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20part%20file" title=" digital part file"> digital part file</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20twin" title=" digital twin"> digital twin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20value%20estimation" title=" monetary value estimation"> monetary value estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133143/method-for-evaluating-the-monetary-value-of-a-customized-version-of-the-digital-twin-for-the-additive-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Self-Reported Physical Disability in Employees with Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Stephan%20Kaeding">Tobias Stephan Kaeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Schwarz"> Rebecca Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Momme%20K%C3%BCck"> Momme Kück</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lothar%20Stein"> Lothar Stein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The goal of this randomized and controlled study is to examine whether whole-body vibration (WBV) training is able to reduce self-reported physical disability in office employees with chronic low-back pain. Materials and methods: 41 subjects (68.3% female/mean age 45.5 ± 9.1 years/mean BMI 26.6 ± 5.2) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (INT (n= 21)) or a control group (CON (n=20). The INT participated in WBV training 2.5 times per week for 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ) score over the study period. In addition, secondary outcomes included changes in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: The compliance with the intervention in the INT reached a mean of 81.1% ± 31.2% with no long-lasting unwanted side effects. We found significant positive effects of 3 months of WBV training in the INT compared to the CON regarding the RMQ (p=0.027) and the ODI (p=0.002). Conclusions: WBV training seems to be an effective, safe and suitable intervention for the reduction of the self-reported physical disability in seated working employees with chronic low-back pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20pain" title="back pain">back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20health%20management" title=" occupational health management"> occupational health management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20training" title=" vibration training"> vibration training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68861/effect-of-whole-body-vibration-training-on-self-reported-physical-disability-in-employees-with-chronic-low-back-pain-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Coupling of Two Discretization Schemes for the Lattice Boltzmann Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Horstmann">Tobias Horstmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Le%20Garrec"> Thomas Le Garrec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel-Ciprian%20Mincu"> Daniel-Ciprian Mincu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque"> Emmanuel Lévêque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the efficiency and low dissipation of the stream-collide formulation of the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) algorithm, which is nowadays implemented in many commercial LBM solvers, there are certain situations, e.g. mesh transition, in which a classical finite-volume or finite-difference formulation of the LB algorithm still bear advantages. In this paper, we present an algorithm that combines the node-based streaming of the distribution functions with a second-order finite volume discretization of the advection term of the BGK-LB equation on a uniform D2Q9 lattice. It is shown that such a coupling is possible for a multi-domain approach as long as the overlap, or buffer zone, between two domains, is achieved on at least 2Δx. This also implies that a direct coupling (without buffer zone) of a stream-collide and finite-volume LB algorithm on a single grid is not stable. The critical parameter in the coupling is the CFL number equal to 1 that is imposed by the stream-collide algorithm. Nevertheless, an explicit filtering step on the finite-volume domain can stabilize the solution. In a further investigation, we demonstrate how such a coupling can be used for mesh transition, resulting in an intrinsic conservation of mass over the interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm%20coupling" title="algorithm coupling">algorithm coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20formulation" title=" finite volume formulation"> finite volume formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20refinement" title=" grid refinement"> grid refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400/coupling-of-two-discretization-schemes-for-the-lattice-boltzmann-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Economic Value of Mastitis Resistance in Dairy Cattle in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caleb%20B.%20Sagwa">Caleb B. Sagwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20O.%20Okeno"> Tobias O. Okeno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20K.%20Kahi"> Alexander K. Kahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dairy cattle production plays an important role in the Kenyan economy. However, high incidences of mastitis is a major setback to the productivity in this industry. The current dairy cattle breeding objective in Kenya does not include mastitis resistance, mainly because the economic value of mastitis resistance has not been determined. Therefore this study aimed at estimating the economic value of mastitis resistance in dairy cattle in Kenya. Initial input parameters were obtained from literature on dairy cattle production systems in the tropics. Selection index methodology was used to derive the economic value of mastitis resistance. Somatic cell count (SCC) was used an indicator trait for mastitis resistance. The economic value was estimated relative to milk yield (MY). Economic values were assigned to SCC in a selection index such that the overall gain in the breeding goal trait was maximized. The option of estimating the economic value for SCC by equating the response in the trait of interest to its index response was considered. The economic value of mastitis resistance was US $23.64 while maximum response to selection for MY was US $66.01. The findings of this study provide vital information that is a pre-requisite for the inclusion of mastitis resistance in the current dairy cattle breeding goal in Kenya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20cell%20count" title="somatic cell count">somatic cell count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20quality" title=" milk quality"> milk quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payment%20system" title=" payment system"> payment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20goal" title=" breeding goal"> breeding goal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85175/the-economic-value-of-mastitis-resistance-in-dairy-cattle-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Rural Households’ Resilience to Food Insecurity in Niger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboubakr%20Gambo">Aboubakr Gambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adama%20Diaw"> Adama Diaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Wunscher"> Tobias Wunscher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to identify factors affecting rural households’ resilience to food insecurity in Niger. For this, we first create a resilience index by using Principal Component Analysis on the following five variables at the household level: income, food expenditure, duration of grain held in stock, livestock in Tropical Livestock Units and number of farms exploited and second apply Structural Equation Modelling to identify the determinants. Data from the 2010 National Survey on Households’ Vulnerability to Food Insecurity done by the National Institute of Statistics is used. The study shows that asset and social safety nets indicators are significant and have a positive impact on households’ resilience. Climate change approximated by long-term mean rainfall has a negative and significant effect on households’ resilience to food insecurity. The results indicate that to strengthen households’ resilience to food insecurity, there is a need to increase assistance to households through social safety nets and to help them gather more resources in order to acquire more assets. Furthermore, early warning of climatic events could alert households especially farmers to be prepared and avoid important losses that they experience anytime an uneven climatic event occur. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20insecurity" title="food insecurity">food insecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modelling" title=" structural equation modelling"> structural equation modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41571/rural-households-resilience-to-food-insecurity-in-niger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Simplified Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teklay%20Gebrecherkos">Teklay Gebrecherkos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Abdulkader"> Mahmud Abdulkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Rinke%20De%20Wit"> Tobias Rinke De Wit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Britta%20C.%20Urban"> Britta C. Urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feyissa%20Chala"> Feyissa Chala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yazezew%20Kebede"> Yazezew Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Welday"> Dawit Welday</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are a reliable surrogate for interleukin-6 bioactivity that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19. There is a lack of data on the role of CRP as a determinant of COVID-19 severity status in the African context. Methods: We determined the longitudinal kinetics of CRP levels on 78 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (49 non-severe and 29 severe cases) and 50 PCR-negative controls. Results: COVID-19 patients had overall significantly elevated CRP at baseline when compared to PCR-negative controls [median 11.1 (IQR: 2.0-127.8) mg/L vs. 0.9 (IQR: 0.5-1.9) mg/L; p=0.0004)]. Moreover, severe COVID-19 patients had significantly higher median CRP levels than non-severe cases [166.1 (IQR: 48.6-332.5) mg/L vs. 2.4 (IQR: 1.2-7.6) mg/L; p<0.00001)]. In addition, persistently elevated levels of CRP were exhibited among those with comorbidities and higher age groups. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis of CRP levels distinguished PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients from the ones with PCR-negative non-COVID-19 individuals, with an AUC value of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68-0.84; p=0.001). Moreover, it clearly distinguished severe from non-severe COVID-19 patients, with an AUC value of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.91). After adjusting for age and the presence of comorbidities, CRP levels above 30 mg/L were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 (adjusted relative risk 3.99 (95%CI: 1.35-11.82; p=0.013). Conclusions: Determining CRP levels in COVID-19 patients in African settings may provide a simple, prompt, and inexpensive assessment of the severity status at baseline and monitoring of treatment outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRP" title="CRP">CRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title=" SARS-CoV-2"> SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163093/prognostic-value-of-c-reactive-protein-crp-in-sars-cov-2-infection-a-simplified-biomarker-of-covid-19-severity-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Model Based Improvement of Ultrasound Assisted Transport of Cohesive Dry Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Dunst">Paul Dunst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ing.%20Tobias%20Hemsel"> Ing. Tobias Hemsel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ing.%20Habil.%20Walter%20Sextro"> Ing. Habil. Walter Sextro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of fine powders with high cohesive and adhesive properties leads to challenges during transport, mixing and dosing in industrial processes, which have not been satisfactorily solved so far. Due to the increased contact forces at the transporting parts (e. g. pipe-wall and transport screws), conventional transport systems and also vibratory conveyors reach their limits. Often, flowability increasing additives that need to be removed again in later process steps are the only option to achieve wanted transport results. A rather new ultrasound-assisted powder transport system showed to overcome some of the issues by manipulating the effective friction between powder and transport pipe. Within this contribution, the transport mechanism will be introduced shortly, together with preliminary transport results. As the tangential force of the transport pipe and the powder is the main influencing factor within the transport process, a test stand for measuring tangential forces of a powder-wall contact in the presence of an ultrasonic vibration orthogonal to the contact plane was built. Measurements for a sample powder show that the effective tangential force can already be significantly reduced at very low ultrasonic amplitude. As a result of the measurements, an empirical model for the relationship of tangential force, contact parameters and ultrasonic excitation is presented. This model was used to adjust the driving parameters of the powder transport system, resulting in better performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20transport" title="powder transport">powder transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20manipulation" title=" friction manipulation"> friction manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibratory%20conveyor" title=" vibratory conveyor"> vibratory conveyor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144040/model-based-improvement-of-ultrasound-assisted-transport-of-cohesive-dry-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Defining a Reference Architecture for Predictive Maintenance Systems: A Case Study Using the Microsoft Azure IoT-Cloud Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Bernhofer">Walter Bernhofer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Haber"> Peter Haber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Mayer"> Tobias Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20Mayr"> Manfred Mayr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Ziegler"> Markus Ziegler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current preventive maintenance measures are cost intensive and not efficient. With the available sensor data of state of the art internet of things devices new possibilities of automated data processing emerge. Current advances in data science and in machine learning enable new, so called predictive maintenance technologies, which empower data scientists to forecast possible system failures. The goal of this approach is to cut expenses in preventive maintenance by automating the detection of possible failures and to improve efficiency and quality of maintenance measures. Additionally, a centralization of the sensor data monitoring can be achieved by using this approach. This paper describes the approach of three students to define a reference architecture for a predictive maintenance solution in the internet of things domain with a connected smartphone app for service technicians. The reference architecture is validated by a case study. The case study is implemented with current Microsoft Azure cloud technologies. The results of the case study show that the reference architecture is valid and can be used to achieve a system for predictive maintenance execution with the cloud components of Microsoft Azure. The used concepts are technology platform agnostic and can be reused in many different cloud platforms. The reference architecture is valid and can be used in many use cases, like gas station maintenance, elevator maintenance and many more. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20maintenance" title=" predictive maintenance"> predictive maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20architecture" title=" reference architecture"> reference architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78945/defining-a-reference-architecture-for-predictive-maintenance-systems-a-case-study-using-the-microsoft-azure-iot-cloud-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Using Geospatial Analysis to Reconstruct the Thunderstorm Climatology for the Washington DC Metropolitan Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mace%20Bentley">Mace Bentley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuojun%20Duan"> Zhuojun Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Gerken"> Tobias Gerken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dudley%20Bonsal"> Dudley Bonsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Way"> Henry Way</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endre%20Szakal"> Endre Szakal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mia%20Pham"> Mia Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hunter%20Donaldson"> Hunter Donaldson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chelsea%20Lang"> Chelsea Lang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayden%20Abbott"> Hayden Abbott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leah%20Wilcynzski"> Leah Wilcynzski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution has the potential to modify the lifespan and intensity of thunderstorms and the properties of lightning. Using data mining and geovisualization, we investigate how background climate and weather conditions shape variability in urban air pollution and how this, in turn, shapes thunderstorms as measured by the intensity, distribution, and frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning. A spatiotemporal analysis was conducted in order to identify thunderstorms using high-resolution lightning detection network data. Over seven million lightning flashes were used to identify more than 196,000 thunderstorms that occurred between 2006 - 2020 in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Region. Each lightning flash in the dataset was grouped into thunderstorm events by means of a temporal and spatial clustering algorithm. Once the thunderstorm event database was constructed, hourly wind direction, wind speed, and atmospheric thermodynamic data were added to the initiation and dissipation times and locations for the 196,000 identified thunderstorms. Hourly aerosol and air quality data for the thunderstorm initiation times and locations were also incorporated into the dataset. Developing thunderstorm climatologies using a lightning tracking algorithm and lightning detection network data was found to be useful for visualizing the spatial and temporal distribution of urban augmented thunderstorms in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning" title="lightning">lightning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thunderstorms" title=" thunderstorms"> thunderstorms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatology" title=" climatology"> climatology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163798/using-geospatial-analysis-to-reconstruct-the-thunderstorm-climatology-for-the-washington-dc-metropolitan-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Leasing Revisited: Mastering the Digital Transformation with Traditional Financing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Huttche">Tobias Huttche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Canipa-Valdez"> Marco Canipa-Valdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corinne%20M%C3%BChlebach"> Corinne Mühlebach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses the role of leasing on the digital transformation process of companies and corresponding economic effects. Based on the traditional mechanisms of leasing, this article focuses in particular on the benefits of leasing as financing instrument with regard to the innovation potential of companies. Practical examples demonstrate how leasing can become an integral part of new business models. Especially, with regard to the digital transformation and corresponding investments in know-how and infrastructure, leasing can play an important role. Furthermore, findings of an empirical survey are presented dealing with the usage of leasing in Switzerland in an international context. The survey shows not only the benefits of leasing against the backdrop of digital transformation but gives guidance on how other countries can benefit from promoting leasing in their legislation and economy. Based on a simulation model for Switzerland, the economic effect of an increase in leasing volume is being calculated. Again, the respective results underline the substantial growth potential. This holds true especially for economies where asset-based lending is rarely used because of a lack of entrepreneurial or private security of the borrower (cash-based financing for developing and emerging countries). Overall, the authors found that leasing using companies are more productive and tend to grow faster than companies using less or none leasing. The positive effects of leasing on emerging digital challenges for companies and entire economies should encourage other countries to facilitate access to leasing as financing instrument by decreasing legal-, tax- and accounting-related requirements in the respective jurisdiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cash-Based%20financing" title="Cash-Based financing">Cash-Based financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing%20instruments" title=" financing instruments"> financing instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leasing" title=" leasing"> leasing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86940/leasing-revisited-mastering-the-digital-transformation-with-traditional-financing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Method of Estimating Absolute Entropy of Municipal Solid Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Chinweuba%20Eboh">Francis Chinweuba Eboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Ahlstr%C3%B6m"> Peter Ahlström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Richards"> Tobias Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entropy, as an outcome of the second law of thermodynamics, measures the level of irreversibility associated with any process. The identification and reduction of irreversibility in the energy conversion process helps to improve the efficiency of the system. The entropy of pure substances known as absolute entropy is determined at an absolute reference point and is useful in the thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions; however, municipal solid waste (MSW) is a structurally complicated material with unknown absolute entropy. In this work, an empirical model to calculate the absolute entropy of MSW based on the content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and chlorine on a dry ash free basis (daf) is presented. The proposed model was derived from 117 relevant organic substances which represent the main constituents in MSW with known standard entropies using statistical analysis. The substances were divided into different waste fractions; namely, food, wood/paper, textiles/rubber and plastics waste and the standard entropies of each waste fraction and for the complete mixture were calculated. The correlation of the standard entropy of the complete waste mixture derived was found to be s<sup>o</sup><strong><sub>msw</sub></strong>= 0.0101C + 0.0630H + 0.0106O + 0.0108N + 0.0155S + 0.0084Cl (kJ.K<sup>-1</sup>.kg) and the present correlation can be used for estimating the absolute entropy of MSW by using the elemental compositions of the fuel within the range of 10.3% <strong>≤</strong> C <strong>≤ </strong>95.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> H <strong>≤</strong> 14.3%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> O <strong>≤</strong> 71.1%, 0.0 <strong>≤</strong> N <strong>≤</strong> 66.7%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> S <strong>≤</strong> 42.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> Cl <strong>≤</strong> 89.7%. The model is also applicable for the efficient modelling of a combustion system in a waste-to-energy plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy" title="absolute entropy">absolute entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irreversibility" title=" irreversibility"> irreversibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste-to-energy" title=" waste-to-energy"> waste-to-energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48288/method-of-estimating-absolute-entropy-of-municipal-solid-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Critical Reflection in Teaching and Learning Mathematics towards Perspective Transformation: Practices in Public and Private Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arturo%20Tobias%20Calizon%20Jr.">Arturo Tobias Calizon Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the practices in critical reflection being employed in teaching and learning mathematics in public and private schools for students to achieve perspective transformation in psychological, convictional and behavioral dimensions. There were 1,969 senior high school and college student-respondents selected at random from 33 schools. Process reflection is most commonly practiced in both public and private schools. Convictional dimension of perspective transformation is most frequently achieved. There is no significant difference in practices of process reflection between senior high school and college students. However, there is a significant difference in perspective transformation in behavioral dimension achieved by students from public and private schools. Also, there are significant differences in psychological, convictional and behavioral dimensions of perspective transformation achieved by senior high school and college students. There is a high and significant relationship between critical reflection practices and perspective transformation of students. The researcher concludes that there are teaching strategies that facilitate critical thinking, and there are learning activities that alter perspective of students about mathematics as an abstract field. The researcher further concludes that consistent use of appropriate teaching and learning activities could bring about perspective transformation in students with success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20reflection" title="critical reflection">critical reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perspective%20transformation" title=" perspective transformation"> perspective transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20reflection" title=" process reflection"> process reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convictional%20dimension" title=" convictional dimension"> convictional dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning%20mathematics" title=" teaching and learning mathematics"> teaching and learning mathematics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94566/critical-reflection-in-teaching-and-learning-mathematics-towards-perspective-transformation-practices-in-public-and-private-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Immobilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Reconstruction in Magnetic Particle Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolja%20Them">Kolja Them</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Salamon"> Johannes Salamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harald%20Ittrich"> Harald Ittrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Kaul"> Michael Kaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Knopp"> Tobias Knopp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoscale magnets which can be biologically functionalized for biomedical applications. Stem cell therapies to repair damaged tissue, magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cancer therapy and targeted drug delivery based on SPIONs are prominent examples where the visualization of a preferably low concentrated SPION distribution is essential. In 2005 a new method for tomographic SPION imaging has been introduced. The method named magnetic particle imaging (MPI) takes advantage of the nanoparticles magnetization change caused by an oscillating, external magnetic field and allows to directly image the time-dependent nanoparticle distribution. The SPION magnetization can be changed by the electron spin dynamics as well as by a mechanical rotation of the nanoparticle. In this work different calibration methods in MPI are investigated for image reconstruction of magnetically labeled stem cells. It is shown that a calibration using rotationally immobilized SPIONs provides a higher quality of stem cell images with fewer artifacts than a calibration using mobile SPIONs. The enhancement of the image quality and the reduction of artifacts enables the localization and identification of a smaller number of magnetically labeled stem cells. This is important for future medical applications where low concentrations of functionalized SPIONs interacting with biological matter have to be localized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20imaging" title="biomedical imaging">biomedical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" iron oxide nanoparticles"> iron oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20particle%20imaging" title=" magnetic particle imaging"> magnetic particle imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20imaging" title=" stem cell imaging"> stem cell imaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35704/immobilized-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-for-stem-cell-reconstruction-in-magnetic-particle-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Influence of Loudness Compression on Hearing with Bone Anchored Hearing Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anja%20Kurz">Anja Kurz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Flynn"> Marc Flynn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Good"> Tobias Good</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Caversaccio"> Marco Caversaccio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kompis"> Martin Kompis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bone Anchored Hearing Implants (BAHI) are routinely used in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss, e.g. if conventional air conduction hearing aids cannot be used. New sound processors and new fitting software now allow the adjustment of parameters such as loudness compression ratios or maximum power output separately. Today it is unclear, how the choice of these parameters influences aided speech understanding in BAHI users. In this prospective experimental study, the effect of varying the compression ratio and lowering the maximum power output in a BAHI were investigated. Twelve experienced adult subjects with a mixed hearing loss participated in this study. Four different compression ratios (1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 2.0) were tested along with two different maximum power output settings, resulting in a total of eight different programs. Each participant tested each program during two weeks. A blinded Latin square design was used to minimize bias. For each of the eight programs, speech understanding in quiet and in noise was assessed. For speech in quiet, the Freiburg number test and the Freiburg monosyllabic word test at 50, 65, and 80 dB SPL were used. For speech in noise, the Oldenburg sentence test was administered. Speech understanding in quiet and in noise was improved significantly in the aided condition in any program, when compared to the unaided condition. However, no significant differences were found between any of the eight programs. In contrast, on a subjective level there was a significant preference for medium compression ratios of 1.3 to 1.6 and higher maximum power output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bone%20Anchored%20Hearing%20Implant" title="Bone Anchored Hearing Implant">Bone Anchored Hearing Implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baha" title=" baha"> baha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression" title=" compression"> compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20output" title=" maximum power output"> maximum power output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20understanding" title=" speech understanding"> speech understanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2657/influence-of-loudness-compression-on-hearing-with-bone-anchored-hearing-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Clean Sky 2 Project LiBAT: Light Battery Pack for High Power Applications in Aviation – Simulation Methods in Early Stage Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Dahlhaus">Jan Dahlhaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Cardenas%20Miranda"> Alejandro Cardenas Miranda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederik%20Scholer"> Frederik Scholer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maximilian%20Leonhardt"> Maximilian Leonhardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Moullion"> Matthias Moullion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Beutenmuller"> Frank Beutenmuller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Eckhardt"> Julia Eckhardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Wasner"> Josef Wasner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Nittel"> Frank Nittel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20Stoll"> Sebastian Stoll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devin%0D%0AAtukalp"> Devin Atukalp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Folgmann"> Daniel Folgmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Mayer"> Tobias Mayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obrad%20Dordevic"> Obrad Dordevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Riley"> Paul Riley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Marc%20Le%20Peuvedic"> Jean-Marc Le Peuvedic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical and hybrid aerospace technologies pose very challenging demands on the battery pack – especially with respect to weight and power. In the Clean Sky 2 research project LiBAT (funded by the EU), the consortium is currently building an ambitious prototype with state-of-the art cells that shows the potential of an intelligent pack design with a high level of integration, especially with respect to thermal management and power electronics. For the latter, innovative multi-level-inverter technology is used to realize the required power converting functions with reduced equipment. In this talk the key approaches and methods of the LiBat project will be presented and central results shown. Special focus will be set on the simulative methods used to support the early design and development stages from an overall system perspective. The applied methods can efficiently handle multiple domains and deal with different time and length scales, thus allowing the analysis and optimization of overall- or sub-system behavior. It will be shown how these simulations provide valuable information and insights for the efficient evaluation of concepts. As a result, the construction and iteration of hardware prototypes has been reduced and development cycles shortened. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20aircraft" title="electric aircraft">electric aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title=" battery"> battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion" title=" Li-ion"> Li-ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level-inverter" title=" multi-level-inverter"> multi-level-inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Novec" title=" Novec"> Novec</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127279/clean-sky-2-project-libat-light-battery-pack-for-high-power-applications-in-aviation-simulation-methods-in-early-stage-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Excited State Structural Dynamics of Retinal Isomerization Revealed by a Femtosecond X-Ray Laser </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Przemyslaw%20Nogly">Przemyslaw Nogly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Weinert"> Tobias Weinert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20James"> Daniel James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Carbajo"> Sergio Carbajo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Ozerov"> Dmitry Ozerov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Furrer"> Antonia Furrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dardan%20Gashi"> Dardan Gashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veniamin%20Borin"> Veniamin Borin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Skopintsev"> Petr Skopintsev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Jaeger"> Kathrin Jaeger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karol%20Nass"> Karol Nass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Bath"> Petra Bath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Bosman"> Robert Bosman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Koglin"> Jason Koglin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Seaberg"> Matthew Seaberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Lane"> Thomas Lane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Kekilli"> Demet Kekilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20Br%C3%BCnle"> Steffen Brünle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoyuki%20Tanaka"> Tomoyuki Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenting%20Wu"> Wenting Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Milne"> Christopher Milne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20A.%20White"> Thomas A. White</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Barty"> Anton Barty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwe%20Weierstall"> Uwe Weierstall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Panneels"> Valerie Panneels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriko%20Nango"> Eriko Nango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Iwata"> So Iwata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Hunter"> Mark Hunter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Schapiro"> Igor Schapiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebhard%20Schertler"> Gebhard Schertler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Neutze"> Richard Neutze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Standfuss"> Jörg Standfuss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrafast isomerization of retinal is the primary step in a range of photoresponsive biological functions including vision in humans and ion-transport across bacterial membranes. We studied the sub-picosecond structural dynamics of retinal isomerization in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin using an X-ray laser. Twenty snapshots with near-atomic spatial and temporal resolution in the femtosecond regime show how the excited all-trans retinal samples conformational states within the protein binding pocket prior to passing through a highly-twisted geometry and emerging in the 13-cis conformation. The aspartic acid residues and functional water molecules in proximity of the retinal Schiff base respond collectively to formation and decay of the initial excited state and retinal isomerization. These observations reveal how the protein scaffold guides this remarkably efficient photochemical reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriorhodopsin" title="bacteriorhodopsin">bacteriorhodopsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-electron%20laser" title=" free-electron laser"> free-electron laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20isomerization%20mechanism" title=" retinal isomerization mechanism"> retinal isomerization mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-resolved%20crystallography" title=" time-resolved crystallography"> time-resolved crystallography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555/excited-state-structural-dynamics-of-retinal-isomerization-revealed-by-a-femtosecond-x-ray-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> TessPy – Spatial Tessellation Made Easy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Hamann">Jonas Hamann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siavash%20Saki"> Siavash Saki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Hagen"> Tobias Hagen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discretization of urban areas is a crucial aspect in many spatial analyses. The process of discretization of space into subspaces without overlaps and gaps is called tessellation. It helps understanding spatial space and provides a framework for analyzing geospatial data. Tessellation methods can be divided into two groups: regular tessellations and irregular tessellations. While regular tessellation methods, like squares-grids or hexagons-grids, are suitable for addressing pure geometry problems, they cannot take the unique characteristics of different subareas into account. However, irregular tessellation methods allow the border between the subareas to be defined more realistically based on urban features like a road network or Points of Interest (POI). Even though Python is one of the most used programming languages when it comes to spatial analysis, there is currently no library that combines different tessellation methods to enable users and researchers to compare different techniques. To close this gap, we are proposing TessPy, an open-source Python package, which combines all above-mentioned tessellation methods and makes them easily accessible to everyone. The core functions of TessPy represent the five different tessellation methods: squares, hexagons, adaptive squares, Voronoi polygons, and city blocks. By using regular methods, users can set the resolution of the tessellation which defines the finesse of the discretization and the desired number of tiles. Irregular tessellation methods allow users to define which spatial data to consider (e.g., amenity, building, office) and how fine the tessellation should be. The spatial data used is open-source and provided by OpenStreetMap. This data can be easily extracted and used for further analyses. Besides the methodology of the different techniques, the state-of-the-art, including examples and future work, will be discussed. All dependencies can be installed using conda or pip; however, the former is more recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20data%20science" title="geospatial data science">geospatial data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20data%20analysis" title=" geospatial data analysis"> geospatial data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tessellations" title=" tessellations"> tessellations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20studies" title=" urban studies"> urban studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148351/tesspy-spatial-tessellation-made-easy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Disrupted or Discounted Cash Flow: Impact of Digitisation on Business Valuation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Haerri">Matthias Haerri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Huettche"> Tobias Huettche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clemens%20Kustner"> Clemens Kustner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses the impact of digitization on business valuation. In order to become and remain ‘digital’, investments are necessary whose return on investment (ROI) often remains vague. This uncertainty is contradictory for a valuation, that rely on predictable cash flows, fixed capital structures and the steady state. However digitisation does not make a company valuation impossible, but traditional approaches must be reconsidered. The authors identify four areas that are to be changing: (1) Tools instead of intuition - In the future, company valuation will neither be art nor science, but craft. This does not require intuition, but experience and good tools. Digital evaluation tools beyond Excel will therefore gain in importance. (2) Real-time instead of deadline - At present, company valuations are always carried out on a case-by-case basis and on a specific key date. This will change with the digitalization and the introduction of web-based valuation tools. Company valuations can thus not only be carried out faster and more efficiently, but can also be offered more frequently. Instead of calculating the value for a previous key date, current and real-time valuations can be carried out. (3) Predictive planning instead of analysis of the past - Past data will also be needed in the future, but its use will not be limited to monovalent time series or key figure analyses. With pictures of ‘black swans’ and the ‘turkey illusion’ it was made clear to us that we build forecasts on too few data points of the past and underestimate the power of chance. Predictive planning can help here. (4) Convergence instead of residual value - Digital transformation shortens the lifespan of viable business models. If companies want to live forever, they have to change forever. For the company valuation, this means that the business model valid on the valuation date only has a limited service life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20valuation" title="business valuation">business valuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20finance" title=" corporate finance"> corporate finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitisation" title=" digitisation"> digitisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disruption" title=" disruption"> disruption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105970/disrupted-or-discounted-cash-flow-impact-of-digitisation-on-business-valuation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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