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href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1960s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s:_later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s:_later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1970s: later career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s:_later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_and_social_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_and_social_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political and social views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_and_social_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political and social views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_and_social_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1971_Playboy_interview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971_Playboy_interview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 1971 Playboy interview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1971_Playboy_interview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acting_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Acting evaluation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards,_celebrations,_and_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_celebrations,_and_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Awards, celebrations, and landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_celebrations,_and_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_icon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_icon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 American icon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_icon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 John Wayne Cancer Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_with_Duke_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_with_Duke_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Dispute with Duke University </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_with_Duke_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missed_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missed_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Missed roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missed_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Awards and nominations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards and nominations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academy_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Academy Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_Globe_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_Globe_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Golden Globe Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_Globe_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammy_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammy_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Grammy Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammy_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brass_Balls_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brass_Balls_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Brass Balls Award </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brass_Balls_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Additional awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Explanatory footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">John Wayne</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" > 98 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جون واين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون واين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Ueyn" title="Con Ueyn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Ueyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان وین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان وین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জন ওয়েন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন ওয়েন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Уэйн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джон Уэйн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Уэйн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Уэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%8E%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Ўэйн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джон Ўэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Уейн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Уейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Τζον Γουέιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζον Γουέιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جان وین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان وین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B8" title="존 웨인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 웨인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Ջոն Ուեյն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ուեյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জন ৱেইন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জন ৱেইন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ג'ון ויין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון ויין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ უეინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯონ უეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Уэйн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джон Уэйн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Wayne" title="Ioannes Wayne – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Wayne" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEons_Veins" title="Džons Veins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džons Veins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Џон Вејн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Вејн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉन वेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉन वेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯონ უეინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯონ უეინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جون وين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون وين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျွန်ဝိန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျွန်ဝိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="जोन वेन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जोन वेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ジョン・ウェイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ウェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੌਨ ਵੇਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੌਨ ਵੇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Уэйн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джон Уэйн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جۆن وەین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆن وەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Џон Вејн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Вејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜான் வெயின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜான் வெயின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="จอห์น เวย์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอห์น เวย์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Вейн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Вейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·韦恩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰·韦恩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="John Wayne" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E6%A6%AE" title="尊榮 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="尊榮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Wayne (disambiguation)</a>. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/John_Wain" title="John Wain">John Wain</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Wayne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Publicity photo of John Wayne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_-_still_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="970" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Wayne <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1965</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Marion Robert Morrison</div> (1907-05-26)May 26, 1907 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 11, 1979(1979-06-11) (aged 72) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Los Angeles, California</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_View_Memorial_Park" title="Pacific View Memorial Park">Pacific View Memorial Park</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=John_Wayne&params=33.60953_N_117.85336_W_type:landmark">33°36′34″N 117°51′12″W / 33.60953°N 117.85336°W / 33.60953; -117.85336</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Marion Michael Morrison</li><li>"Duke" Wayne</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actor</li><li>producer</li><li>director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1926–1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Josephine Saenz</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1933; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1945)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1946; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1954)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">Ethan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnwayne.com">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Wayne's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/John_Wayne_signature.svg/150px-John_Wayne_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/John_Wayne_signature.svg/225px-John_Wayne_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/John_Wayne_signature.svg/300px-John_Wayne_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="204" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Marion Robert Morrison<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), professionally known as John Wayne and nicknamed "the Duke", was an American actor who became a <a href="/wiki/Popular_icon" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular icon">popular icon</a> through his starring roles in films which were produced during <a href="/wiki/Hollywood%27s_Golden_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood's Golden Age">Hollywood's Golden Age</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war</a> movies. His career flourished from the <a href="/wiki/Silent_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent era">silent era</a> of the 1920s through the <a href="/wiki/American_New_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="American New Wave">American New Wave</a>, as he appeared in a total of 179 film and television productions. He was among the top box-office draws for three decades<a href="#cite_note-numbers-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> and appeared with many other important Hollywood stars of his era. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> selected Wayne as one of the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">greatest male stars</a> of classic American cinema.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> Wayne was born in <a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, but grew up in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>. After losing his <a href="/wiki/Athletic_scholarship" title="Athletic scholarship">football scholarship</a> to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> due to a <a href="/wiki/Bodysurfing" title="Bodysurfing">bodysurfing</a> accident,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199563–64-7">[6]</a> he began working for the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">Fox Film Corporation</a>. He appeared mostly in small parts, but his first leading role came in <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a>'s Western <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a> (1930), an early widescreen film epic that was a box-office failure. He played leading roles in numerous <a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movies</a> during the 1930s, most of them also Westerns, without becoming a major name. <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a> (1939) made Wayne a mainstream star, and he starred in 142 motion pictures altogether. According to biographer Ronald Davis, "John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage."<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Wayne's other roles in Westerns included a cattleman driving his herd on the <a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Red_River_(1948_film)" title="Red River (1948 film)">Red River</a> (1948), a <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> veteran whose niece is abducted by a tribe of <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Searchers" title="The Searchers">The Searchers</a> (1956), a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer (<a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>) for a woman's hand in <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a> (1962), and a <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Cogburn_(character)" title="Rooster Cogburn (character)">cantankerous one-eyed marshal</a> in <a href="/wiki/True_Grit_(1969_film)" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a> (1969), for which he received the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a>. Wayne is also remembered for his roles in <a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a> (1952) with <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Bravo_(film)" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a> (1959) with <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in <a href="/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a> (1976). Wayne made his last public appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> ceremony on April 9, 1979,<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> and died of stomach cancer two months later.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> In 1980, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, the highest civilian honor of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_birthplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3904" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>The house in <a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>, where Wayne was born</figcaption></figure> Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907, at 224 South Second Street in <a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset, Iowa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30, 1907, that Wayne weighed 13 lb (around 6 kg) at birth.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Wayne claimed his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Michael when his parents decided to name their next son Robert, but extensive research has found no such legal change, although it might have been changed informally or the documentation may have been lost. Wayne's legal name apparently remained Marion Robert Morrison his entire life<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson19958–9-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> although to this day his original name is almost always referred to as Marion Michael Morrison. Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937), was the son of <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915). Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Nebraska" title="Lancaster County, Nebraska">Lancaster County, Nebraska</a>. Wayne had <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> His great-great-grandfather Robert Morrison (b. 1782) left <a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a>, Ireland, with his mother, arriving in New York in 1799 and eventually settling in <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Ohio" title="Adams County, Ohio">Adams County, Ohio</a>. The Morrisons were originally from the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Isle of Lewis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a>, Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> He was raised Presbyterian.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Wayne's family moved to <a href="/wiki/Palmdale,_California" title="Palmdale, California">Palmdale, California</a>, and then in 1916 to <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a> at 404 Isabel Street, where his father worked as a pharmacist. He attended <a href="/wiki/Glendale_High_School_(Glendale,_California)" title="Glendale High School (Glendale, California)">Glendale Union High School</a>, where he performed well in both sports and academics. Wayne was part of his high school's football team and its debating team. He was also the president of the Latin Society and contributed to the school's newspaper sports column.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke" because he never went anywhere without his huge <a href="/wiki/Airedale_Terrier" title="Airedale Terrier">Airedale Terrier</a>, Duke.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199537-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Munn-23">[22]</a> He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice-cream shop for a man who <a href="/wiki/Farrier" title="Farrier">shod horses</a> for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_DeMolay" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of DeMolay">Order of DeMolay</a>. He played football for the 1924 league champion <a href="/wiki/Glendale_High_School_(Glendale,_California)" title="Glendale High School (Glendale, California)">Glendale High School</a> team.<a href="#cite_note-glendale-24">[23]</a> Wayne applied to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a>, but was not accepted due to poor grades. Instead, he attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (USC), majoring in <a href="/wiki/Pre-law" title="Pre-law">pre-law</a>. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Knights" title="Trojan Knights">Trojan Knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a> fraternities.<a href="#cite_note-davis-25">[24]</a>: 30  Wayne, who stood <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6 feet 4+1⁄2 inches (1.94 metres) tall, also played on the <a href="/wiki/USC_Trojans_football" title="USC Trojans football">USC football team</a> under coach <a href="/wiki/Howard_Jones_(American_football_coach)" title="Howard Jones (American football coach)">Howard Jones</a>. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones' reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury, a <a href="/wiki/Bodysurfing" title="Bodysurfing">bodysurfing</a> accident.<a href="#cite_note-travers-26">[25]</a> He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university.<a href="#cite_note-jwayne.com-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_works_and_first_lead_role">Early works and first lead role</h3></div> As a favor to coach Jones, who had given silent Western film star <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> tickets to USC games, director <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> and Mix hired Wayne as a prop boy and extra.<a href="#cite_note-hughes-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with <a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a>, who was good friends with Tom Mix.<a href="#cite_note-hughes-29">[28]</a> Wayne soon moved to <a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">bit parts</a>, establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most of those roles, John Ford. Early in this period, he had a minor, uncredited role as a guard in the 1926 film <a href="/wiki/Bardelys_the_Magnificent" title="Bardelys the Magnificent">Bardelys the Magnificent</a>. Wayne also appeared with his USC teammates playing football in <a href="/wiki/Brown_of_Harvard_(1926_film)" title="Brown of Harvard (1926 film)">Brown of Harvard</a> (1926), <a href="/wiki/The_Dropkick" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dropkick">The Dropkick</a> (1927), and <a href="/wiki/Salute_(1929_film)" title="Salute (1929 film)">Salute</a> (1929) and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maker_of_Men" title="Maker of Men">Maker of Men</a> (filmed in 1930, released in 1931).<a href="#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-31">[30]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Big_Trail_(publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg/220px-The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg/330px-The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg/440px-The_Big_Trail_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Churchill%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Churchill" title="Marguerite Churchill">Marguerite Churchill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">widescreen</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a> (1930); John Wayne's first role as a leading man</figcaption></figure>While working for <a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> in bit roles, Wayne was given on-screen credit as "Duke Morrison" only once, in <a href="/wiki/Words_and_Music_(1929_film)" title="Words and Music (1929 film)">Words and Music</a> (1929). Director <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> saw him moving studio furniture while working as a prop boy and cast him in his first starring role in <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a> (1930). For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> General <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">"Mad" Anthony Wayne</a>. Fox Studios chief <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Sheehan" title="Winfield Sheehan">Winfield Sheehan</a> rejected it as sounding "too Italian". Walsh then suggested "John Wayne". Sheehan agreed, and the name was set. Wayne was not even present for the discussion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199584-32">[31]</a> His pay was raised to $105 a week.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> The Big Trail was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost over $2 million (over $32.8 million equivalent in 2021),<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the <a href="/wiki/American_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southwest">American Southwest</a>, still largely unpopulated at the time. To take advantage of the breathtaking scenery, it was filmed in two versions, a standard <a href="/wiki/35mm_movie_film" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm movie film">35 mm</a> version and another in the new <a href="/wiki/70_mm_Grandeur_film" title="70 mm Grandeur film">70 mm Grandeur film</a> process, using an innovative camera and lenses. Many in the audience who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered, but only a handful of theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and the effort was largely wasted at the time. The film was considered a huge box-office flop at the time, but came to be highly regarded by modern critics.<a href="#cite_note-Clooney195-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_films,_breakthrough,_and_war_years">Subsequent films, breakthrough, and war years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg/220px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg/330px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg/440px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>The Big Trail (1930) lobby card</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg/220px-Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg/330px-Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg/440px-Girls_Demand_Excitement_lobby_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption>Lobby card for <a href="/wiki/Girls_Demand_Excitement" title="Girls Demand Excitement">Girls Demand Excitement</a> (1931)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:His_Private_Secretary_(1933)_still_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg/220px-His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg/330px-His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg/440px-His_Private_Secretary_%281933%29_still_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Evalyn_Knapp" title="Evalyn Knapp">Evalyn Knapp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Kingston" title="Natalie Kingston">Natalie Kingston</a> in <a href="/wiki/His_Private_Secretary" title="His Private Secretary">His Private Secretary</a> (1933)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_(1933)_02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png/220px-John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png/330px-John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png/440px-John_Wayne_in_Riders_of_Destiny_%281933%29_02.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Wayne as "Singin' Sandy" Saunders in <a href="/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a> (1933)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_in_The_Star_Packer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/The_Star_Packer" title="The Star Packer">The Star Packer</a> (1934)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conflict_(1936)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg/220px-Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg/330px-Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg/440px-Conflict_%281936%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rogers" title="Jean Rogers">Jean Rogers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a> in <a href="/wiki/Conflict_(1936_film)" title="Conflict (1936 film)">Conflict</a> (1936)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Born_to_the_West_(1937)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg/220px-Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg/330px-Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg/440px-Born_to_the_West_%281937%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Hunt_(actress,_born_1917)" title="Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)">Marsha Hunt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Born_to_the_West" title="Born to the West">Born to the West</a> (1937)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_-_Joan_Blondell_-_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blondell" title="Joan Blondell">Joan Blondell</a> in Lady for a Night (1942)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg/220px-Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg/330px-Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg/440px-Angel_and_the_Badman_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1419" /></a><figcaption>John Wayne and <a href="/wiki/Gail_Russell" title="Gail Russell">Gail Russell</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a> (1947)</figcaption></figure> After the commercial failure of The Big Trail, Wayne was relegated to small roles in A pictures, including Columbia's <a href="/wiki/The_Deceiver_(film)" title="The Deceiver (film)">The Deceiver</a> (1931), in which he played a corpse. He appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">serial</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1933_serial)" title="The Three Musketeers (1933 serial)">The Three Musketeers</a> (1933), an updated version of the <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> novel in which the protagonists were soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> in then-contemporary North Africa. He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Row" title="Poverty Row">Poverty Row</a> Westerns, mostly at <a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Monogram Pictures</a> and serials for <a href="/wiki/Mascot_Pictures_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mascot Pictures Corporation">Mascot Pictures Corporation</a>. By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these <a href="/wiki/Horse_opera" title="Horse opera">horse operas</a> from 1930 to 1939.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Riders_of_Destiny" title="Riders of Destiny">Riders of Destiny</a> (1933), he became one of the first <a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">singing cowboys</a> of film, albeit via dubbing.<a href="#cite_note-peterson1997-37">[36]</a> Wayne also appeared in some of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Mesquiteers" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Mesquiteers">Three Mesquiteers</a> Westerns, whose title was a <a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">play</a> on the Dumas classic. He was mentored by <a href="/wiki/Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">stuntmen</a> in riding and other <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> skills.<a href="#cite_note-JWBio-TQL-31">[30]</a> Stuntman <a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> and Wayne developed and perfected stunts and onscreen fisticuffs techniques that are still in use.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> One of the main innovations with which Wayne is credited in these early Poverty Row Westerns is allowing the good guys to fight as convincingly as the bad guys, by not always making them fight clean. Wayne claimed, "Before I came along, it was standard practice that the hero must always fight clean. The heavy was allowed to hit the hero in the head with a chair or throw a kerosene lamp at him or kick him in the stomach, but the hero could only knock the villain down politely and then wait until he rose. I changed all that. I threw chairs and lamps. I fought hard and I fought dirty. I fought to win."<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Wayne's second breakthrough role came with John Ford's <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a> (1939). Because of Wayne's <a href="/wiki/B-movie" class="mw-redirect" title="B-movie">B-movie</a> status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s, Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget film. After rejection by all the major studios, Ford struck a deal with independent producer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Claire_Trevor" title="Claire Trevor">Claire Trevor</a>—a much bigger star at the time—received top billing. Stagecoach was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a mainstream star. Cast member <a href="/wiki/Louise_Platt" title="Louise Platt">Louise Platt</a> credited Ford as saying at the time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal as the archetypal "everyman".<a href="#cite_note-Louise_Platt_letter-40">[39]</a> America's entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of society, and Hollywood was no exception. Wayne was exempted from service due to his age (34 at the time of <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>) and family status (classified as 3-A – family deferment). Wayne repeatedly wrote to John Ford saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could get into Ford's military unit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995212-41">[40]</a> Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Studios</a> was emphatically resistant to losing him, since he was their only A-list actor under contract. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Yates" title="Herbert J. Yates">Herbert J. Yates</a>, president of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995220-42">[41]</a> and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995213-43">[42]</a> U.S. National Archives records indicate that Wayne, in fact, did make an application<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">Office of Strategic Services</a> (OSS), precursor to the modern <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>, but his bid was ultimately unsuccessful. Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995253-45">[44]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/USO" class="mw-redirect" title="USO">USO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> During this trip, he carried out a request from <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>, head of the OSS, to assess whether General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Pacific Area (command)">South West Pacific Area</a>, or his staff were hindering the work of the OSS.<a href="#cite_note-Munn-23">[22]</a>: 88  Donovan later issued Wayne an OSS Certificate of Service to memorialize Wayne's contribution to the OSS mission.<a href="#cite_note-Munn-23">[22]</a>: 88 <a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military later became the most painful part of his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995212-41">[40]</a> His widow later suggested that his patriotism in later decades sprang from guilt, writing: "He would become a 'superpatriot' for the rest of his life trying to atone for staying home."<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Wayne's first color film was <a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_the_Hills_(1941_film)" title="The Shepherd of the Hills (1941 film)">The Shepherd of the Hills</a> (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend <a href="/wiki/Harry_Carey_(actor)" title="Harry Carey (actor)">Harry Carey</a>. The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> epic <a href="/wiki/Reap_the_Wild_Wind" title="Reap the Wild Wind">Reap the Wild Wind</a> (1942), in which he co-starred with <a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a>; it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable values. Like most Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne appeared as a guest on radio programs, such as: The <a href="/wiki/Hedda_Hopper" title="Hedda Hopper">Hedda Hopper</a> Show and The <a href="/wiki/Louella_Parsons" title="Louella Parsons">Louella Parsons</a> Show. He made a number of appearances in dramatic roles, mainly recreations for radio of his own film roles, on such programs as <a href="/wiki/Screen_Directors_Playhouse" title="Screen Directors Playhouse">Screen Directors Playhouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theatre" title="Lux Radio Theatre">Lux Radio Theatre</a>. For six months in 1942, Wayne starred in his own radio adventure series, Three Sheets to the Wind, produced by film director <a href="/wiki/Tay_Garnett" title="Tay Garnett">Tay Garnett</a>. In the series, an international spy/detective show, Wayne played Dan O'Brien, a detective who used alcoholism as a mask for his investigatory endeavors. The show was intended by Garnett to be a pilot of sorts for a film version, though the motion picture never came to fruition. No episodes of the series featuring Wayne seem to have survived, though a demonstration episode with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Donlevy" title="Brian Donlevy">Brian Donlevy</a> in the leading role does exist. Wayne, not Donlevy, played the role throughout the series' run on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/220px--Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv/Angel_and_the_Badman_1947_John_Wayne.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Wayne (right) acting in a short clip from <a href="/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a> (1947) (click to play)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg/220px-Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg/330px-Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg/440px-Gail_Russell-John_Wayne_in_Wake_of_the_Red_Witch_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gail_Russell" title="Gail Russell">Gail Russell</a> and John Wayne in <a href="/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a> (1948)</figcaption></figure> Director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> offered the starring role in <a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a> (1949) to Wayne, but he refused, believing the script to be un-American in many ways.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a>, who was eventually cast in the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for <a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a> (1949). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3></div> He lost the leading role of Jimmy Ringo in <a href="/wiki/The_Gunfighter" title="The Gunfighter">The Gunfighter</a> (1950) to <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> due to his refusal to work for Columbia Pictures because its chief, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a>, had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player. Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep, and Cohn sold the script to <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Century Fox">Twentieth Century Fox</a>, which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted, but for which he refused to bend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Batjac_Productions" title="Batjac Productions">Batjac</a>, the production company co-founded by Wayne in 1952, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in <a href="/wiki/Wake_of_the_Red_Witch" title="Wake of the Red Witch">Wake of the Red Witch</a> (1948), a film based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Garland_Roark" title="Garland Roark">Garland Roark</a>. (A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a> Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars. Its best-known non-Wayne productions were <a href="/wiki/Seven_Men_From_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Men From Now">Seven Men From Now</a> (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director <a href="/wiki/Budd_Boetticher" title="Budd Boetticher">Budd Boetticher</a> and star <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gun_the_Man_Down" title="Gun the Man Down">Gun the Man Down</a> (1956) with contract player <a href="/wiki/James_Arness" title="James Arness">James Arness</a> as an outlaw. One of Wayne's most popular roles was in <a href="/wiki/The_High_and_the_Mighty_(film)" title="The High and the Mighty (film)">The High and the Mighty</a> (1954), directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Wellman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wellman">William Wellman</a>, and based on a novel by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_K._Gann" title="Ernest K. Gann">Ernest K. Gann</a>. His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim. Wayne also portrayed aviators in <a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers_(film)" title="Flying Tigers (film)">Flying Tigers</a> (1942), <a href="/wiki/Flying_Leathernecks" title="Flying Leathernecks">Flying Leathernecks</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/Island_in_the_Sky_(1953_film)" title="Island in the Sky (1953 film)">Island in the Sky</a> (1953), <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a> (1957), and <a href="/wiki/Jet_Pilot_(1957_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Pilot (1957 film)">Jet Pilot</a> (1957). He appeared in nearly two dozen of John Ford's films over 20 years, including <a href="/wiki/She_Wore_a_Yellow_Ribbon" title="She Wore a Yellow Ribbon">She Wore a Yellow Ribbon</a> (1949), <a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a> (1952), and <a href="/wiki/The_Wings_of_Eagles" title="The Wings of Eagles">The Wings of Eagles</a> (1957). The first movie in which he called someone "Pilgrim", Ford's <a href="/wiki/The_Searchers" title="The Searchers">The Searchers</a> (1956), is often considered to contain Wayne's finest and most complex performance.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> On May 14, 1958, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Kanter" title="Hal Kanter">Hal Kanter</a>'s <a href="/wiki/I_Married_a_Woman" title="I Married a Woman">I Married a Woman</a> starring <a href="/wiki/George_Gobel" title="George Gobel">George Gobel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana_Dors" title="Diana Dors">Diana Dors</a> had its Los Angeles opening. In it, Wayne had a cameo as himself.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> On October 2, <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Barbarian_and_the_Geisha" title="The Barbarian and the Geisha">The Barbarian and the Geisha</a>, in which Wayne played the lead and clashed with his director all the way, had its New York opening.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rio_Bravo_(film)" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a> premiered on March 18, 1959. In it, Wayne plays the lead with a supporting cast including <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angie_Dickinson" title="Angie Dickinson">Angie Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brennan" title="Walter Brennan">Walter Brennan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> John Ford's <a href="/wiki/The_Horse_Soldiers" title="The Horse Soldiers">The Horse Soldiers</a> had its world premiere in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a> on June 18. Set during the Civil War, Wayne shares the lead with <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Wayne notoriously portrayed <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Conqueror_(1956_film)" title="The Conqueror (1956 film)">The Conqueror</a> (1956), which was panned by critics. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_(publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg/275px-The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg/413px-The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg/550px-The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance_%28publicity_photo_-_Wayne_%26_Stewart%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>Wayne and James Stewart in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)</figcaption></figure> In 1960, Wayne directed and produced <a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a> portraying <a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a> as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Bowie">Jim Bowie</a>. Wayne was nominated for an Oscar as the producer in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> category.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> That year Wayne also played the lead in <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hathaway" title="Henry Hathaway">Henry Hathaway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_to_Alaska" title="North to Alaska">North to Alaska</a> also starring <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Granger" title="Stewart Granger">Stewart Granger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs" title="Ernie Kovacs">Ernie Kovacs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> In 1961, Wayne shared the lead with <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Whitman" title="Stuart Whitman">Stuart Whitman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Comancheros_(film)" title="The Comancheros (film)">The Comancheros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> On May 23, 1962, Wayne starred in John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance with James Stewart.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> May 29 marked the premiere of Howard Hawks's <a href="/wiki/Hatari!" title="Hatari!">Hatari!</a>, shot on location in Africa with Wayne playing the lead capturing wild animals from the beds of trucks; all the scenes with animals in the film are real.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> On October 4, <a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> started its theatrical run, with Wayne memorably acting with an ensemble cast.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Although the other top-level actors in the film accepted a token payment of only $10,000 each to play their roles, making the all-star cast feasible for the budget, Wayne was paid a quarter of a million dollars due to an earlier dispute with producer <a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a>. During this time, the cast of the television drama, <a href="/wiki/Combat!" title="Combat!">Combat!</a>, were preparing for the inaugural season. The principal cast (including <a href="/wiki/Vic_Morrow" title="Vic Morrow">Vic Morrow</a>) were to go through a week of basic training at the Army's Infantry Training Center at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord" title="Fort Ord">Fort Ord</a> in northern California.<a href="#cite_note-Penton-65">[64]</a> Morrow noted that the instructors who worked with the cast at Fort Ord had one common request: not to act like John Wayne. "Poor John," Morrow told a reporter. "I wonder if he knows he's almost a dirty word in the Army."<a href="#cite_note-Penton-65">[64]</a> On February 20, 1963, Wayne acted in a segment of <a href="/wiki/How_the_West_Was_Won_(film)" title="How the West Was Won (film)">How the West Was Won</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> directed by John Ford. On June 12, Wayne played the lead in his final John Ford film, <a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Reef" title="Donovan's Reef">Donovan's Reef</a>, co-starring <a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> On November 13, another film starring Wayne premiered, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_V._McLaglen" title="Andrew V. McLaglen">Andrew V. McLaglen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/McLintock!" title="McLintock!">McLintock!</a>, once again opposite <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In 1964, Wayne played the leading role in Henry Hathaway's <a href="/wiki/Circus_World_(film)" title="Circus World (film)">Circus World</a> with <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> On February 15, 1965, Wayne played the brief cameo role of a centurion in <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> On April 6, he shared the screen with <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Neal" title="Patricia Neal">Patricia Neal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/In_Harm%27s_Way" title="In Harm's Way">In Harm's Way</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> On June 13, he acted in Henry Hathaway's <a href="/wiki/The_Sons_of_Katie_Elder" title="The Sons of Katie Elder">The Sons of Katie Elder</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> In 1966, Wayne appeared in a cameo role for <a href="/wiki/Melville_Shavelson" title="Melville Shavelson">Melville Shavelson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cast_a_Giant_Shadow" title="Cast a Giant Shadow">Cast a Giant Shadow</a> starring Kirk Douglas.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> On May 24, 1967, Wayne played the lead in <a href="/wiki/Burt_Kennedy" title="Burt Kennedy">Burt Kennedy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_War_Wagon" title="The War Wagon">The War Wagon</a> with Kirk Douglas as the second lead.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> His second movie that year, Howard Hawks's <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_(1966_film)" title="El Dorado (1966 film)">El Dorado</a>, a highly successful partial <a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">remake</a> of Rio Bravo with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> playing Dean Martin's original role, premiered on June 7.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In 1968, Wayne co-directed with <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kellogg" title="Ray Kellogg">Ray Kellogg</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Green_Berets_(film)" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> the only major film made during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in support of the war.<a href="#cite_note-jwayne.com-27">[26]</a> Wayne wanted to make this movie because at that time Hollywood had little interest in making movies about the Vietnam War.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> During the filming of The Green Berets, the <a href="/wiki/Degar" class="mw-redirect" title="Degar">Degar</a> or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in the film and all subsequent films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a> Also that year, Wayne played the lead in Andrew V. McLaglen's <a href="/wiki/Hellfighters_(film)" title="Hellfighters (film)">Hellfighters</a>, a film about the crews who put out oil rig fires.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Ross" title="Katharine Ross">Katharine Ross</a> played a supporting role. On June 13, 1969, Henry Hathaway's <a href="/wiki/True_Grit_(1969_film)" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a> premiered. For his role as Rooster Cogburn, Wayne won <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">the Best Actor Oscar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> In November of that year another film starring Wayne was released, Andrew V. McLaglen's <a href="/wiki/The_Undefeated_(1969_film)" title="The Undefeated (1969 film)">The Undefeated</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s:_later_career">1970s: later career</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg/220px-JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg/330px-JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg/440px-JohnWayneRichardBooneKBF1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption>Wayne and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Boone" title="Richard Boone">Richard Boone</a> at <a href="/wiki/Big_Jake" title="Big Jake">Big Jake</a> screening, 1971</figcaption></figure> On June 24, 1970, Andrew V. McLaglen's <a href="/wiki/Chisum" title="Chisum">Chisum</a> started to play in cinemas. Wayne took the role of the owner of a cattle ranch, who finds out that a businessman is trying to own neighboring land illegally.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> On September 16, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>' <a href="/wiki/Rio_Lobo" title="Rio Lobo">Rio Lobo</a> premiered. Wayne played Col. Cord McNally, who confronts Confederate soldiers who stole a shipment of gold at the end of the Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> This was another remake of <a href="/wiki/Rio_Bravo_(film)" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a> albeit without a second lead the box office caliber of Dean Martin or Robert Mitchum. In June 1971, <a href="/wiki/George_Sherman" title="George Sherman">George Sherman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Big_Jake" title="Big Jake">Big Jake</a> made its debut. Wayne played the role of an estranged father who must track down a gang who kidnapped his grandson.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The film was a critically acclaimed hit. In 1972, Wayne starred in <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rydell" title="Mark Rydell">Mark Rydell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Cowboys" title="The Cowboys">The Cowboys</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect father figure".<a href="#cite_note-:0-84">[83]</a> The same year, he was selected in the last round of the <a href="/wiki/1972_NFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 NFL Draft">NFL draft</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons" title="Atlanta Falcons">Atlanta Falcons</a> for his past football experience, though the pick was disallowed by league officials as he was 64 years old at the time.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> On February 7, 1973, Burt Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/The_Train_Robbers" title="The Train Robbers">The Train Robbers</a> opened; Wayne appeared alongside <a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Taylor" title="Rod Taylor">Rod Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson_(actor)" title="Ben Johnson (actor)">Ben Johnson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> On June 27, Andrew V. McLaglen's <a href="/wiki/Cahill_U.S._Marshal" title="Cahill U.S. Marshal">Cahill U.S. Marshal</a> premiered, with Wayne, <a href="/wiki/George_Kennedy" title="George Kennedy">George Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Grimes" title="Gary Grimes">Gary Grimes</a>. It was a box office failure.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> In 1974, Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in <a href="/wiki/John_Sturges" title="John Sturges">John Sturges</a>'s crime drama <a href="/wiki/McQ" title="McQ">McQ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> On March 25, 1975, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hickox" title="Douglas Hickox">Douglas Hickox</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brannigan_(film)" title="Brannigan (film)">Brannigan</a> premiered. In it, Wayne played a Chicago police lieutenant named Jim Brannigan on the hunt in London for an organized-crime leader.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> On October 17, <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Cogburn_(film)" title="Rooster Cogburn (film)">Rooster Cogburn</a> started its theatrical run; Wayne reprised his role as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">U.S. Marshal</a> Reuben J. "Rooster" Cogburn<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> with strong elements of the plot of <a href="/wiki/The_African_Queen_(film)" title="The African Queen (film)">The African Queen</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> as his leading lady. In 1976, Wayne starred in <a href="/wiki/Don_Siegel" title="Don Siegel">Don Siegel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Shootist" title="The Shootist">The Shootist</a>, also starring <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a>. It was Wayne's final cinematic role, whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer, to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later. It contains numerous plot similarities to <a href="/wiki/The_Gunfighter" title="The Gunfighter">The Gunfighter</a> of nearly 30 years before, a role which Wayne had wanted, but turned down.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a> Upon its theatrical release, it grossed $13,406,138 domestically. About $6 million were earned as US <a href="/wiki/Gross_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross rental">theatrical rentals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The film received positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> It was named one of the Ten Best Films of 1976 by the National Board of Review. Film critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a> ranked The Shootist number 10 on his list of the 10 best films of 1976.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> The film was nominated for an Oscar, a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe</a>, a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Film Award">BAFTA film award</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> award. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Wayne was married three times and divorced twice. His wives included one of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">Spanish American</a> descent, Josephine Alicia Saenz, and two from Latin America, <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a>. He had four children with Josephine: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael Wayne</a> (1934–2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (1936–2000), <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick Wayne</a> (born 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz (1940–2022). He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born 1956), <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">John Ethan Wayne</a> (born 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born 1966). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne,_Log_Ride_opening,_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg/220px-Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg/330px-Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg/440px-Walter_Knott_with_John_and_Ethan_Wayne%2C_Log_Ride_opening%2C_Knott%27s_Berry_Farm%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5173" data-file-height="5140" /></a><figcaption>John and Ethan Wayne with <a href="/wiki/Walter_Knott" title="Walter Knott">Walter Knott</a> in 1969</figcaption></figure> Several of Wayne's children entered the film and television industry. Son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the <a href="/wiki/Adam-12_(1990_TV_series)" title="Adam-12 (1990 TV series)">Adam-12</a> television series.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Ethan has also appeared on the <a href="/wiki/History_Channel" title="History Channel">History Channel</a> show <a href="/wiki/Pawn_Stars" title="Pawn Stars">Pawn Stars</a> to help authenticate merchandise supposedly related to his father's career. Granddaughter Jennifer Wayne, daughter of Aissa, is a member of the country music group <a href="/wiki/Runaway_June" title="Runaway June">Runaway June</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jennifer_wayne-95">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg/220px-JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg/330px-JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg/440px-JohnPilarWayneKBF1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1643" /></a><figcaption>Wayne with third wife <a href="/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> at <a href="/wiki/Knott%27s_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a> in 1971</figcaption></figure> In 1973, Wayne was encouraged by Pilar, an avid tennis player, to build the <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Tennis_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wayne Tennis Club">John Wayne Tennis Club</a> in Newport Beach, California. In 1995, the club was sold to <a href="/wiki/Ken_Stuart_(tennis)" title="Ken Stuart (tennis)">Ken Stuart</a>, former general manager, and became the <a href="/wiki/Palisades_Tennis_Club" title="Palisades Tennis Club">Palisades Tennis Club</a>. In The Quiet Man (1952), Wayne tells Michaeleen "Óge" Flynn (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Fitzgerald" title="Barry Fitzgerald">Barry Fitzgerald</a>) that he is six feet "four and a half" (194 cm), an assertion corroborated by Pilar's book John Wayne: My Life With the Duke.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> His divorce from Esperanza Baur, a Mexican former actress, was stormy. She believed that Wayne and co-star <a href="/wiki/Gail_Russell" title="Gail Russell">Gail Russell</a> were having an affair, a claim that both Wayne and Russell denied. The night the film <a href="/wiki/Angel_and_the_Badman" title="Angel and the Badman">Angel and the Badman</a> (1947) wrapped, the usual party was held for cast and crew, and Wayne came home very late. Esperanza was in a drunken rage by the time he arrived, and she attempted to shoot him as he walked through the front door.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995-52">[51]</a> Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with <a href="/wiki/Merle_Oberon" title="Merle Oberon">Merle Oberon</a> that lasted from 1938 to 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995195–197-97">[96]</a> After his separation from Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy (1941–1995) until his death in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-jwayne.com-27">[26]</a> Stacy published a book about her life with him in 1983, titled Duke: A Love Story.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> Wayne's hair began to thin in the 1940s, and he had begun to wear a hairpiece by the end of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (such as, according to <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>'s funeral). During an appearance at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, Wayne was asked by a student, "Is it true that your toupée is real <a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">mohair</a>?" He responded: "[...] sir, that's real hair. Not mine, but real hair."<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> A close friend, California Congressman <a href="/wiki/Alphonzo_E._Bell_Jr." title="Alphonzo E. Bell Jr.">Alphonzo E. Bell Jr.</a>, wrote of Wayne: "Duke's personality and sense of humor were very close to what the general public saw on the big screen. It is perhaps best shown in these words he had engraved on a plaque: 'Each of us is a mixture of some good and some not so good qualities. In considering one's fellow man, it's important to remember the good things. ... We should refrain from making judgments just because a fella happens to be a dirty, rotten S.O.B.'"<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Wayne was fond of literature, his favorite authors being <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>. His favorite books were <a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield" title="David Copperfield">David Copperfield</a>, and Conan Doyle's <a href="/wiki/Historical_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical novels">historical novels</a> <a href="/wiki/The_White_Company" title="The White Company">The White Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Nigel" title="Sir Nigel">Sir Nigel</a>. Wayne was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_famous_amateur_chess_players" class="mw-redirect" title="List of famous amateur chess players">chess player</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> recalls that on the set of <a href="/wiki/Chisum" title="Chisum">Chisum</a>, "we were playing a chess game, both of us bending over the board on an upended apple crate. Wayne, slouched in his old stitched leather director's chair, had a crowd of kibitzers: wranglers, extras, old cronies, drinking buddies, a couple of Mexican stuntmen. He studied the board, roared with laughter, and said, 'God...damn it! You've trapped my queen!' We studied the board. I made a decisive move. 'Why the hell did I just say that?' he asked. If I hadn't-a...said it, you wouldn't-a...seen it.'"<a href="#cite_note-auto-102">[101]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Munn" title="Michael Munn">Michael Munn</a>, when Wayne was asked about <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hudson" title="Rock Hudson">Rock Hudson</a>'s sexuality, he replied, "Who the hell cares if he's a queer? The man plays great chess."<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> He used the same <a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">1873 Colt Single Action Army revolver</a> in many of the Westerns in which he appeared.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> Wayne had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964. He underwent successful surgery to remove his entire left lung<a href="#cite_note-cr-106">[105]</a> and two ribs. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get preventive examinations. Five years later, Wayne was declared cancer-free. Wayne has been credited with coining the term "the Big C" as a euphemism for cancer.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Wayne biographer Michael Munn chronicled Wayne's drinking habits.<a href="#cite_note-Munn-23">[22]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Sam_O%27Steen" title="Sam O'Steen">Sam O'Steen</a>'s memoir, Cut to the Chase, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon, he "was a mean drunk".<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> quotes him as saying: "Tequila makes your head hurt. Not from your hangover. From falling over and hitting your head."<a href="#cite_note-auto-102">[101]</a> He was a very active <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>. He was made a Master Mason at Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56 F&AM, in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> He became a 32nd Degree <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> Mason and later joined the <a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">Al Malaikah Shrine Temple</a> in Los Angeles, along with fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>. He later became a member of the <a href="/wiki/York_Rite" title="York Rite">York Rite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> During his childhood, he was a member of a local <a href="/wiki/DeMolay_International" title="DeMolay International">Demolay</a> chapter in <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale</a>. During the early 1960s, Wayne traveled often to <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, and he purchased the island of <a href="/wiki/Taborcillo" title="Taborcillo">Taborcillo</a> off that nation's Pacific coast. It was sold by his estate at his death. Wayne's yacht, the <a href="/wiki/USS_YMS-328" title="USS YMS-328">Wild Goose</a>, was one of his favorite possessions. He kept it docked in <a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California#Newport_Harbor_and_Newport_Bay" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach Harbor</a>, and it was listed on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_and_social_views">Political and social views</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg/220px-John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg/330px-John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/John_wayne_challenge_of_ideas_screenshot_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Wayne in The Challenge of Ideas (1961)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Richard_M._Nixon_and_Henry_Kissinger_meeting_with_Marion_%22John%22_Wayne_-_NARA_-_194768.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2021" /></a><figcaption>Wayne meeting with President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente,_California" title="San Clemente, California">San Clemente, California</a>, July 1972</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach,_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_at_the_podium_of_the_1968_Republican_National_Convention_-_Miami_Beach%2C_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Wayne addressing the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">Republican Convention</a> in Miami, 1968</figcaption></figure> Throughout most of his life, Wayne was a vocally prominent <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in Hollywood, supporting <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> positions.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated265-115">[114]</a> However, he voted for <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936 presidential election</a> and expressed admiration for Roosevelt's successor, fellow Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, despite having supported Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> He took part in creating the conservative <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Alliance_for_the_Preservation_of_American_Ideals" title="Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals">Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals</a> in February 1944 before being elected its president in 1949. An ardent anti-communist and vocal supporter of the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC), he made <a href="/wiki/Big_Jim_McLain" title="Big Jim McLain">Big Jim McLain</a> (1952) with himself as a HUAC investigator to demonstrate his support for the cause of anti-communism. His personal views found expression as a proactive inside enforcer of the "<a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Black List</a>", denying employment and undermining careers of many actors and writers who had expressed their personal political beliefs earlier in life. Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> is alleged to have said that Wayne should be assassinated for his frequently espoused anti-communist politics, despite being a fan of his movies.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Wayne was a supporter of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Wayne supported Vice President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">presidential election of 1960</a>, but expressed his vision of patriotism when <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> won the election: "I didn't vote for him, but he's my president, and I hope he does a good job."<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> He used his star power to support conservative causes, including rallying support for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> by producing, co-directing, and starring in the financially successful film <a href="/wiki/The_Green_Berets_(film)" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a> (1968).<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> In 1960, he joined the anti-communist <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a>, but quit after the organization denounced <a href="/wiki/Fluoridation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoridation">fluoridation</a> of water supplies as a communist plot.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-123">[122]</a> In 1964, Wayne was a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>, and actively campaigned for him.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> Due to his status as the highest-profile Republican star in Hollywood, wealthy <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> Republican Party backers asked Wayne to run for national office in 1968, like his friend and fellow actor Senator <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a>. He declined, joking that he did not believe the public would seriously consider an actor in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Instead, he supported his friend <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s campaigns for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> in 1966 and 1970. He was asked to be the running mate for Democratic <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>, who had been nominated for president by the <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a>, in his 1968 campaign, but he immediately rejected the offer<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated265-115">[114]</a> and actively campaigned for Richard Nixon;<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Wayne addressed the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 Republican National Convention</a> on its opening day.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-123">[122]</a> In 1971, Wayne wrote to President Richard Nixon, who was a friend, to oppose Nixon's planned <a href="/wiki/Nixon_goes_to_China" title="Nixon goes to China">trip to China</a>. Wayne enclosed some hate literature on "that Jew, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a>," who had negotiated the historic meeting with Chinese leaders.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Wayne openly differed with many conservatives over the issue of returning the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, as he supported the <a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Panama Canal Treaty</a> in the mid-1970s;<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> while Republican leaders such as Reagan, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> had wanted the U.S. to retain full control of the canal, Wayne and fellow conservative <a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley" class="mw-redirect" title="William F. Buckley">William F. Buckley</a> believed that the Panamanians had the right to the canal and sided with President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. Wayne was a close friend of Panamanian leader <a href="/wiki/Omar_Torrijos" title="Omar Torrijos">Omar Torrijos Herrera</a>, and Wayne's first wife Josephine was a native of Panama. His support of the treaty brought him hate mail for the first time in his life.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In 1973, actor <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> refused an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> he had won, due to "the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indians</a> today by the film industry"; Brando did not attend the award ceremony but asked <a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Native American civil rights</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Sacheen_Littlefeather" title="Sacheen Littlefeather">Sacheen Littlefeather</a> to attend and deliver a refusal speech in the event that he won. Wayne was allegedly waiting in the wings and was so angry about her presence there that Littlefeather said "he was coming towards me to forcibly take me off the stage, and he had to be restrained by six security men to prevent him from doing so."<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> However, an investigation in 2022 found that this is unlikely to have happened, and Littlefeather had no way of witnessing this take place.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> wrote that Wayne had a sense of humor about his politics. He recalls Wayne giving him a tour of his house: "He pointed out autographed photos of <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a>. I said I had to take a pee. On the wall of the bathroom opening off the den, he had a photo of <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>, inscribed 'with warm appreciation for your continued Support.'"<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Colorado Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a> recalled that "John Wayne gave me a silver cigarette lighter during the Vietnam War that said 'Fuck Communism' on it. I didn't know how to do that. I still don't."<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Left-wing activist <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a> paid tribute to Wayne's singularity, saying, "I like Wayne's wholeness, his style. As for his politics, well—I suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that were trying to gobble them up."<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1971_Playboy_interview">1971 Playboy interview</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_(NARA).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif/220px-John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif/330px-John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif/440px-John_Wayne_in_Vietnam_by_Fleetwood_%28NARA%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Wayne signing the helmet of Pfc. Fonzell Wofford during a visit at <a href="/wiki/Chu_Lai" title="Chu Lai">Chu Lai</a>, South Vietnam, in June 1966</figcaption></figure> In May 1971, <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> magazine published an interview with Wayne, in which he expressed his support for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995580-135">[134]</a> and made headlines for his opinions about social issues and race relations in the United States:<a href="#cite_note-LAT_2019-02-31-136">[135]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">With a lot of blacks, there's quite a bit of resentment along with their dissent, and possibly rightfully so. But we can't all of a sudden get down on our knees and turn everything over to the leadership of the blacks. I believe in <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> until the blacks are educated to a point of responsibility. ... I don't feel we did wrong in taking this great country away from the Indians. Our so-called stealing of this country from them was just a matter of survival. There were great numbers of people who needed new land, and the Indians were selfishly trying to keep it for themselves.<a href="#cite_note-davis-25">[24]</a>: 289 <a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-139">[138]</a></blockquote> In the same Playboy interview, he also responded to questions about whether <a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">social programs</a> were good for the country: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I know all about that. In the late '20s, when I was a sophomore at USC, I was a socialist myself—but not when I left. The average college kid idealistically wishes everybody could have ice cream and cake for every meal, but as he gets older and gives more thought to his and his fellow man's responsibilities, he finds that it can't work out that way—that some people just won't carry their load ... I believe in welfare—a <a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">welfare work</a> program. I don't think a fella should be able to sit on his backside and receive welfare. I'd like to know why well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people who think the world owes them a living. I'd like to know why they make excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of the police and then run behind the judicial <a href="/wiki/Sob_sister_(journalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sob sister (journalism)">sob sisters</a>. I can't understand these people who carry placards to save the life of some criminal, yet have no thought for the innocent victim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995580-135">[134]</a></blockquote> In February 2019, the Playboy interview resurfaced,<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> which resulted in calls for <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a> to be renamed.<a href="#cite_note-Colgrass-141">[140]</a> John Wayne's son, Ethan, defended him, stating: "It would be an injustice to judge someone based on an interview that's being used out of context."<a href="#cite_note-Vogt-142">[141]</a> The calls for changing the airport's name back to Orange County Airport were renewed during the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> in June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> In October 2019, USC student activists called for removing an exhibit dedicated to Wayne, citing the interview.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> In July 2020, it was announced that the exhibit would be removed.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div> Although he enrolled in a <a href="/wiki/Cancer_vaccine" title="Cancer vaccine">cancer vaccine</a> study in an attempt to ward off the disease,<a href="#cite_note-cr-106">[105]</a> Wayne died of <a href="/wiki/Stomach_cancer" title="Stomach cancer">stomach cancer</a> on June 11, 1979, aged 72, at the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">UCLA Medical Center</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> He was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_View_Memorial_Park" title="Pacific View Memorial Park">Pacific View Memorial Park</a> Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Corona_del_Mar,_Newport_Beach" title="Corona del Mar, Newport Beach">Corona del Mar, Newport Beach</a>. According to his son Patrick and his grandson Matthew Muñoz, who was a priest in the California <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Orange" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange">Diocese of Orange</a>, Wayne converted to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> shortly before his death.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> He requested that his tombstone read "Feo, Fuerte y Formal", a Spanish epitaph Wayne described as meaning "ugly, strong, and dignified".<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> His grave, which was unmarked for 20 years, has been marked since 1999 with the quotation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acting_evaluation">Acting evaluation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg/220px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg/330px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg/440px-The_Big_Trail_lobby_card_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption>Lobby card for <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a> (1930) with <a href="/wiki/Tully_Marshall" title="Tully Marshall">Tully Marshall</a> and Wayne</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg/220px-Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg/330px-Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg/440px-Sagebrush_Trail_lobby_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="1070" /></a><figcaption>Lobby card for <a href="/wiki/Sagebrush_Trail" title="Sagebrush Trail">Sagebrush Trail</a> (1933) with Wayne and <a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG/220px-John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG/330px-John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG/440px-John_Wayne_-_1961.JPG 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Wayne in <a href="/wiki/The_Comancheros_(film)" title="The Comancheros (film)">The Comancheros</a> (1961)</figcaption></figure> In 1974, film critic <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champlin" title="Charles Champlin">Charles Champlin</a> wrote of Wayne: "Wayne is a motion picture actor, first, last and always, who defined as powerfully as anyone else what that means. From the lean and intense early days, in those low-cost dusters which still play on morning television, Wayne has had a presence which got through the lenses and shutters and onto the film undiminished."<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> said of him: "He's not something out of a book, governed by acting rules. He portrays John Wayne, a rugged American guy. He's not one of those method actors, like they send out here from drama schools in New York. He's real, perfectly natural." <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strasberg" title="Lee Strasberg">Lee Strasberg</a> observed that Wayne was similar to fellow actors <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, who "try not to act but be themselves". Wayne thought of himself as a reactor rather than an actor, and felt that the difference between good and bad acting was in acting and reacting. He explained this difference: "In a bad picture, you see them acting all over the place. In a good picture, they react in a logical way to a situation they're in, so the audience can identify with the actors." When asked about his approach to acting, Wayne commented: "I read dramatic lines undramatically and react to situations normally. This is not as simple as it sounds. I've spent a major portion of my life trying to do it well and I am not past learning it yet." Much like many actors of his generation, Wayne disliked <a href="/wiki/Method_acting" title="Method acting">method acting</a>, and once said of them: "Let those actors who picked their noses get all the dialogue, just give me the close-up of reaction."<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>, who directed him in five films, felt that after losing one of his lungs, Wayne became a much better actor. Hawks explained: "Because of the lung Wayne lost, he reads his lines differently. He pauses in the strangest places simply because he hasn't got the breath he used to have. This device is terribly effective, because you keep your eyes on him and wait for him to finish, because you don't know what's coming next." <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> noted: "Wayne underacts, and it's mighty effective, not because he tries to underact—it's a hard thing to do if you try—but because he can't overact."<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Despite his popularity at the box office, Wayne was often criticized for <a href="/wiki/Typecasting" title="Typecasting">playing the same type of character</a> during most of his career. In a 1969 interview with <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, Wayne remarked: "Of course, they give me that John Wayne stuff so much, claim I always play the same role. Seems like nobody remembers how different the fellows were in <a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>, or <a href="/wiki/She_Wore_a_Yellow_Ribbon" title="She Wore a Yellow Ribbon">Yellow Ribbon</a>, where I was 35 playing a man of 65. To stay a star, you have to bring along some of your own personality. Thousands of good actors can carry a scene, but a star has to carry the scene and still, without intruding, allow some of his character into it."<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> said that Wayne "was one of the best actors ever. You must admire how really good he was as an actor, in command of the scene and with such great charisma."<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards,_celebrations,_and_landmarks">Awards, celebrations, and landmarks</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg/220px-How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg/330px-How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg/440px-How_the_West_Was_Won_premiere_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Irene_Dunne" title="Irene Dunne">Irene Dunne</a>, Wayne, <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> at <a href="/wiki/How_the_West_Was_Won_(film)" title="How the West Was Won (film)">How the West Was Won</a> premiere, 1962</figcaption></figure> Wayne's enduring status as an iconic American was formally recognized by the U.S. government in the form of the two highest civilian decorations. On his 72nd birthday on May 26, 1979, Wayne was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>. Hollywood figures and American leaders from across the political spectrum, including <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Frankovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Frankovich">Mike Frankovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, General and Mrs. <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stack" title="Robert Stack">Robert Stack</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Arness" title="James Arness">James Arness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>, testified to Congress in support of the award. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Robert Aldrich</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a>, made a particularly notable statement: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is important for you to know that I am a registered Democrat, and to my knowledge, share none of the political views espoused by Duke. However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond the normal political sharpshooting in this community. Because of his courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts and minds. In this industry, we often judge people, sometimes unfairly, by asking whether they have paid their dues. John Wayne has paid his dues over and over, and I'm proud to consider him a friend and am very much in favor of my government recognizing in some important fashion the contribution that Mr. Wayne has made.<a href="#cite_note-rutherford-158">[157]</a> </blockquote> Wayne was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> on June 9, 1980, by President Jimmy Carter. He had attended Carter's inaugural ball in 1977 "as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Loyal_opposition" title="Loyal opposition">loyal opposition</a>", as he described it. In 1998, he was awarded the Naval Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the Navy and military during his film career. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> named Wayne 13th among the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">Greatest Male Screen Legends</a> of classic Hollywood cinema. In the essay "John Wayne: A Love Song", <a href="/wiki/Joan_Didion" title="Joan Didion">Joan Didion</a> recalls the first time she saw Wayne in a movie: "it was there, that summer of 1943 while the hot wind blew outside, that I first saw John Wayne. Saw the walk, heard the voice. Heard him tell the girl in a picture called <a href="/wiki/In_Old_Oklahoma" title="In Old Oklahoma">War of the Wildcats</a> that he would build her a house, 'at the bend in the river where the cottonwoods grow.' As it happened I did not grow up to be kind of woman who is the heroine in a Western, and although the men I have known have had many virtues and have taken me to live in many places I have come to love, they have never been John Wayne, and they have never taken me to that bend in the river where the cottonwoods grow. Deep in that part of my heart where the artificial rain forever falls, that is still the line I want to hear... When John Wayne rode through my childhood, and perhaps through yours, he determined forever the shapes of certain of our dreams. It did not seem possible that such a man could fall ill, could carry within him that most inexplicable and ungovernable of diseases."<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:30em; ; font-size: 100%; color: #202122;background-color: cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Wayne's most enduring image is that of the displaced loner uncomfortable with the very civilization he is helping to establish and preserve...At his first appearance, we usually sense a very private person with some wound, loss or grievance from the past. At his very best he is much closer to a tragic vision of life...projecting the kind of mystery associated with great acting. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">– Film historian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> (1979)<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a></cite></div> </div> Various public locations are named in honor of Wayne, including the <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>, where a 9-foot (2.7 m) bronze equestrian statue of him stands at the entrance;<a href="#cite_note-LAT_2019-02-31-136">[135]</a> the John Wayne Marina<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> for which Wayne bequeathed the land, near <a href="/wiki/Sequim,_Washington" title="Sequim, Washington">Sequim, Washington</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Elementary_School" title="John Wayne Elementary School">John Wayne Elementary School</a> (<a href="/wiki/P.S._380" class="mw-redirect" title="P.S. 380">P.S. 380</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York, which boasts a 38-foot (12 m) <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> mural commission by New York artist <a href="/wiki/Knox_Martin" title="Knox Martin">Knox Martin</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> entitled "John Wayne and the American Frontier";<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> and over 100 miles (160 km) named the "John Wayne Pioneer Trail" in Washington's <a href="/wiki/Iron_Horse_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Horse State Park">Iron Horse State Park</a>. A larger-than-life-sized bronze statue of Wayne atop a horse was erected at the corner of La Cienega Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, at the former offices of the Great Western Savings and Loan Corporation, for which Wayne had made a number of commercials. In the city of <a href="/wiki/Maricopa,_Arizona" title="Maricopa, Arizona">Maricopa, Arizona</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Route_347" title="Arizona State Route 347">Arizona State Route 347</a> is named John Wayne Parkway, which runs through the center of town. In 2006, friends of Wayne and his former Arizona business partner, Louis Johnson, inaugurated the "Louie and the Duke Classics" events benefiting the John Wayne Cancer Foundation<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> The weekend-long event each fall in <a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande,_Arizona" title="Casa Grande, Arizona">Casa Grande, Arizona</a>, includes a golf tournament, an auction of John Wayne memorabilia, and a <a href="/wiki/Team_roping" title="Team roping">team roping</a> competition.<a href="#cite_note-OlsonJ-GL-2006-10-165">[164]</a> Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of Wayne's birth. A celebration at the John Wayne birthplace in Winterset, Iowa, included chuck-wagon suppers, concerts by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_Murphey" title="Michael Martin Murphey">Michael Martin Murphey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_(band)" title="Riders in the Sky (band)">Riders in the Sky</a>, a Wild West Revue in the style of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, and a Cowboy Symposium with Wayne's costars, producers, and costumers. Wayne's films ran continuously at the local theater. Ground was broken for the new John Wayne Birthplace Museum and Learning Center at a ceremony consisting of over 30 of Wayne's family members, including Melinda Wayne Muñoz, Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa Wayne. Later that year, California Governor <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> inducted Wayne into the <a href="/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame" title="California Hall of Fame">California Hall of Fame</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/The_California_Museum" title="The California Museum">the California Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> In 2016, Republican assemblyman <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Harper" title="Matthew Harper">Matthew Harper</a> proposed marking May 26 as "John Wayne Day" in California.<a href="#cite_note-JohnWayneday-168">[167]</a> This resolution was struck down by a vote of 35 to 20, due to Wayne's views on race and his support of controversial organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> and the House Un-American Activities Committee.<a href="#cite_note-JohnWayneday-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_icon">American icon</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG/170px-Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG/255px-Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG/340px-Lucille_Ball_John_Wayne_1955.JPG 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> in <a href="/wiki/I_Love_Lucy" title="I Love Lucy">I Love Lucy</a>, 1955</figcaption></figure> Wayne rose beyond the typical recognition for a famous actor to that of an enduring icon who symbolized and communicated American values and ideals.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Using the power of communication through silent films and radio, Wayne was instrumental in creating a national culture from disparate areas of the US, and made the creation of a national hero possible.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> By the middle of his career, Wayne had developed a larger-than-life image, and as his career progressed, he selected roles that would not compromise his off-screen image.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Wayne embodied the image of strong American masculinity and rugged individualism in both his films and his life.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> about the latter's decision to play the role of <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Lust_for_Life_(1956_film)" title="Lust for Life (1956 film)">Lust for Life</a>, saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that? There's so goddamn few of us left. We got to play strong, tough characters. Not these weak queers."<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> However, actor <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> was notably critical of Wayne's public persona and of the cultural insensitivity of Wayne's characters, arguing on <a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a> that, "We [Americans] like to see ourselves as perhaps John Wayne sees us. That we are a country that stands for freedom, for rightness, for justice," before adding that "it just simply doesn't apply."<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Wayne's rise to being the quintessential movie war hero began to take shape four years after World War II, when Sands of Iwo Jima (1949) was released. His footprints at Grauman's Chinese theater in Hollywood were laid in concrete that contained sand from <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> His status grew so large and legendary that when Japanese <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hirohito" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Hirohito">Emperor Hirohito</a> visited the United States in 1975, he asked to meet John Wayne, the symbolic representation of his country's former enemy.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Likewise when Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> visited the United States in 1959, he made two requests: to visit Disneyland and meet Wayne.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_(1930).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_in_The_Big_Trail_%281930%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Wayne in <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Trail" title="The Big Trail">The Big Trail</a> (1930)</figcaption></figure> In the Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> He appeared in the similar Box Office poll in 1939 and 1940.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> While these two polls are really an indication only of the popularity of series stars, Wayne also appeared in the Top Ten Money Makers Poll of all films from 1949 to 1957 and 1958 to 1974, taking first place in 1950, 1951, 1954, and 1971. With a total of 25 years on the list, Wayne has more appearances than any other star, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (21) who is in second place.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Wayne is the only actor to appear in every edition of the annual <a href="/wiki/The_Harris_Poll" title="The Harris Poll">Harris Poll</a> of Most Popular Film Actors, and the only actor to appear on the list after his death. Wayne was in the top 10 in this poll for 19 consecutive years, starting in 1994, 15 years after his death.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Myl%C3%A8ne_Demongeot" title="Mylène Demongeot">Mylène Demongeot</a> declared in a 2015 filmed interview: "<a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> was sublime, there I have to say, now he, was part of the stars, Gary Cooper, <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a>, John Wayne, those great Americans who I've met really were unbelievable guys, there aren't any like them anymore."<a href="#cite_note-:02-184">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Wayne_Cancer_Foundation">John Wayne Cancer Foundation</h3></div> The John Wayne Cancer Foundation was founded in 1985 in honor of John Wayne, after his family granted the use of his name (and limited funding) for the continued fight against cancer.<a href="#cite_note-jwcf-185">[184]</a> The foundation's mission is to "bring courage, strength, and grit to the fight against cancer".<a href="#cite_note-jwcf-185">[184]</a> The foundation provides funds for innovative programs that improve cancer patient care, including research, education, awareness, and support.<a href="#cite_note-jwcf-185">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_with_Duke_University">Dispute with Duke University</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Newport_Beach,_California" title="Newport Beach, California">Newport Beach, California</a>-based John Wayne Enterprises, a business operated by Wayne's heirs, sells products, including Kentucky straight <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon</a>, bearing the "Duke" brand and using Wayne's picture. When the company tried to trademark the image appearing on one of the bottles, <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>, filed a notice of opposition. According to court documents, Duke has tried three times since 2005 to stop the company from trademarking the name. The company sought a declaration permitting registration of their trademark. The company's complaint filed in federal court said the university did "not own the word 'Duke' in all contexts for all purposes." The university's official position was not to object provided Wayne's image appeared with the name.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> On September 30, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a> federal judge David Carter dismissed the company's suit, deciding the plaintiffs had chosen the wrong jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_filmography" title="John Wayne filmography">John Wayne filmography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_Publicity_Photo_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Wayne portrait from 1952</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Wayne_portrait.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/John_Wayne_portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Screenshot" title="Screenshot">Screenshot</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rio_Bravo_(film)" title="Rio Bravo (film)">Rio Bravo</a> (1959)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg/220px-John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg/330px-John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg/440px-John_Wayne_in_The_Longest_Day_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Wayne portraying Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_H._Vandervoort" title="Benjamin H. Vandervoort">Benjamin H. Vandervoort</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> (1962)</figcaption></figure> Between 1926 and 1977, Wayne appeared in over 170 films. According to Quigley Polling, John Wayne was named the top money maker (as of 2005).<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missed_roles">Missed roles</h2></div> <ul><li>Wayne turned down the lead role in the 1952 film <a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a> because he felt the film's story was an allegory against <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisting</a>, which he actively supported. In a 1971 interview, Wayne said he considered High Noon "the most un-American thing I've ever seen in my whole life", and that he would "never regret having helped run screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> [who was later blacklisted] out of the country".<a href="#cite_note-davis-25">[24]</a>: 142 </li> <li>An urban legend has it that in 1955, Wayne turned down the role of <a href="/wiki/Matt_Dillon_(Gunsmoke)" title="Matt Dillon (Gunsmoke)">Matt Dillon</a> in the long-running television series <a href="/wiki/Gunsmoke" title="Gunsmoke">Gunsmoke</a> and recommended James Arness, instead. While he did suggest Arness for the part and introduced him in a prologue to the first episode, no film star of Wayne's stature would have considered a television role at the time.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Southern" title="Terry Southern">Terry Southern</a>'s biographer Lee Hill wrote that the role of Major T. J. "King" Kong in <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> (1964) was originally written with Wayne in mind, and that <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> offered him the part after <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> injured his ankle during filming; he immediately turned it down.<a href="#cite_note-Hill-190">[189]</a> While Sellers went on to play three other roles in the film, <a href="/wiki/Slim_Pickens" title="Slim Pickens">Slim Pickens</a> played Kong.</li> <li>In 1966, Wayne accepted the role of Major Reisman in <a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Dozen" title="The Dirty Dozen">The Dirty Dozen</a> (1967), and asked <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> for some script changes, but eventually withdrew from the project to make The Green Berets. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></li> <li>Though Wayne actively campaigned for the title role in <a href="/wiki/Dirty_Harry" title="Dirty Harry">Dirty Harry</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> decided that at 63 he was too old, and cast the 41-year-old <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></li> <li>In the early '70s, several years before the film was made, Wayne was offered the lead role in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_(film)" title="Heaven's Gate (film)">Heaven's Gate</a> (1980), then under the title The Johnson County War. Wayne would later present the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture prize</a> to Cimino at the <a href="/wiki/51st_Academy_Awards" title="51st Academy Awards">1979 Oscars</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></li> <li>Director <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> pitched a film in 1972 called The Streets of Laredo that would co-star Wayne along with James Stewart and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>. They conceived it as a Western that would bring the final curtain down on Hollywood Westerns. Stewart and Fonda both agreed to appear in it, but after long consideration, Wayne turned it down, citing his feeling that his character was more underdeveloped and uninteresting than those of his co-stars, which was largely based on John Ford's recommendation after perusing the script. The project was shelved for some 20 years, until McMurtry rewrote and expanded the original screenplay co-written with Bogdanovich to make the novel and subsequent TV miniseries <a href="/wiki/Lonesome_Dove" title="Lonesome Dove">Lonesome Dove</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> in Wayne's role and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> playing the part originally written for Stewart in the extremely popular miniseries.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> offered Wayne the role of the Waco Kid (eventually played by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Blazing_Saddles" title="Blazing Saddles">Blazing Saddles</a> (1974). After reading the script, Wayne declined, fearing the dialogue was "too dirty" for his family-friendly image, but told Brooks that he would be "first in line" to see the movie.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> offered both Wayne and <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> the role of Major General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stilwell" title="Joseph Stilwell">Joseph Stilwell</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a> with Wayne also considered for a cameo in it. After reading the script, Wayne decided not to participate due to ill health, but also urged Spielberg not to pursue the project. Both Wayne and Heston felt the film was unpatriotic. Spielberg recalled, "[Wayne] was really curious and so I sent him the script. He called me the next day and said he felt it was a very un-American movie, and I shouldn't waste my time making it. He said, 'You know, that was an important war, and you're making fun of a war that cost thousands of lives at <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>. Don't joke about World War II'."<a href="#cite_note-Wayne-199">[198]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_Awards">Academy Awards</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Work </th> <th scope="col"> Category </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_Academy_Awards" title="22nd Academy Awards">1949</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/33rd_Academy_Awards" title="33rd Academy Awards">1960</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/42nd_Academy_Awards" title="42nd Academy Awards">1969</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Grit_(1969_film)" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_Globe_Awards">Golden Globe Awards</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Work </th> <th scope="col"> Category </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="10th Golden Globe Awards">1953</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>Henrietta Award (World Film Favorite – Male) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="23rd Golden Globe Awards">1966</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Honored<a href="#cite_note-gg-cecil-200">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="27th Golden Globe Awards">1970</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Grit_(1969_film)" title="True Grit (1969 film)">True Grit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama">Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammy_Awards">Grammy Awards</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Work </th> <th scope="col"> Category </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="14th Annual Grammy Awards">1972</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/America,_Why_I_Love_Her" title="America, Why I Love Her">America, Why I Love Her</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Best Spoken Word Album</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brass_Balls_Award">Brass Balls Award</h3></div> In 1973, <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Lampoon" title="The Harvard Lampoon">The Harvard Lampoon</a>, a satirical paper run by <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> students, invited Wayne to receive The Brass Balls Award, created in his "honor", after calling him "the biggest fraud in history". Wayne accepted the invitation as a chance to promote the recently released film McQ, and a <a href="/wiki/Fort_Devens" title="Fort Devens">Fort Devens</a> Army convoy offered to drive him into <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a> on an <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">armored personnel carrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BryanTimes-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-harvard-203">[202]</a> The ceremony was held on January 15, 1974, at the Harvard Square Theater and the award was officially presented in honor of Wayne's "outstanding machismo and penchant for punching people".<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> Although the convoy was met with protests by members of the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a> and others, some of whom threw snowballs, Wayne received a standing ovation from the audience when he walked onto the stage.<a href="#cite_note-BryanTimes-202">[201]</a> An internal investigation was launched into the Army's involvement in the day.<a href="#cite_note-harvard-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_awards_and_honors">Additional awards and honors</h3></div> <ul><li>1960, Award a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 1541 Vine Street for his contribution to the motion pictures industry.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a></li> <li>1970, Received the DeMolay Legion of Honor<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a></li> <li>1970, Received the Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a></li> <li>1973, Awarded the Gold Medal from the National Football Foundation</li> <li>1974, Inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers in the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum</li> <li>1978, Received the Omar Bradley Spirit of Independence Award<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a></li> <li>1979, Received the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a></li> <li>1980, Awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, the nation's highest civilian honor, by President Jimmy Carter</li> <li>1986, Inducted into the DeMolay Hall of Fame<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a></li> <li>There is a street named after Wayne in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_filmography" title="John Wayne filmography">John Wayne filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Great_Western_Performers" title="Hall of Great Western Performers">Hall of Great Western Performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_director_and_actor_collaborations" title="List of film director and actor collaborations">List of film director and actor collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_famous_amateur_chess_players" class="mw-redirect" title="List of famous amateur chess players">List of famous amateur chess players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cowboy_%26_Western_Heritage_Museum" title="National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum">National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_footnotes">Explanatory footnotes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> After Wayne gained fame under his stage name, studio publicists erroneously referred to his birth name as Marion Michael Morrison; Wayne went along with this himself, because he "really liked the name Michael".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995647-2">[2]</a> The error appeared in virtually every biography of Wayne until Roberts and Olson uncovered the facts in their 1995 biography John Wayne: American, drawing on the draft of Wayne's unfinished autobiography among other sources. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2015" class="citation web cs1">Daniel, Diane (February 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/in-iowa-a-new-john-wayne-museum/">"In Iowa, a New John Wayne Museum"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802071614/https://intransit.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/in-iowa-a-new-john-wayne-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Iowa%2C+a+New+John+Wayne+Museum&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintransit.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F27%2Fin-iowa-a-new-john-wayne-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995647-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995647_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsOlson1995">Roberts & Olson 1995</a>, p. 647. </li> <li id="cite_note-numbers-4"><a href="#cite_ref-numbers_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-numbers.com/people/0JWAY.php">"John Wayne"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reelclassics.com/Articles/General/quigleytop10-article.htm">the original</a> on April 28, 2016. Retrieved March 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quigley%27s+Annual+List+of+Box-Office+Champions%2C+1932%E2%80%931970&rft.pub=Reel+Classics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reelclassics.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral%2Fquigleytop10-article.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010155029/https://www.afi.com/100Years/stars.aspx">"American Film Institute"</a>. October 10, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afi.com/100Years/stars.aspx">the original</a> on October 10, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2F100Years%2Fstars.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199563–64-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199563–64_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsOlson1995">Roberts & Olson 1995</a>, pp. 63–64. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2012" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Ronald L. 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Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke%3A+The+Life+and+Image+of+John+Wayne&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780806186467&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlY5FE87p11gC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dHcXb9V_2kMC&pg=PA230">Duke, We're Glad We Knew You: John Wayne's Friends and Colleagues Remember His Remarkable life   by Herb Fagen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826054349/https://books.google.com/books?id=dHcXb9V_2kMC&pg=PA230">Archived</a> August 26, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page 230;  Retrieved February 13, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easyridersraging00biski/page/372">Easy Riders Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-And Rock 'N Roll Generation Saved Hollywood    by Peter Biskind</a> page 372;  Retrieved February 13, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-john-wayne-19790612-story.html">Los Angeles Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713231014/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/archives/la-me-john-wayne-19790612-story.html">Archived</a> July 13, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> June 12, 1979;  Retrieved February 13, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKehr" class="citation news cs1">Kehr, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/w/john_wayne/index.html">"John Wayne News"</a>. 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Retrieved July 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Wayne+News&rft.aulast=Kehr&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftopics%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fpeople%2Fw%2Fjohn_wayne%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ByS9UqIswqsC&pg=PA1061">Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Jimmy Carter, 1980–1981, Book 2: May 24 to September 26, 1980</a>. Government Printing Office. p. 1061. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804104513/https://books.google.com/books?id=ByS9UqIswqsC&pg=PA1061">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Papers+of+the+Presidents+of+the+United+States%2C+Jimmy+Carter%2C+1980%E2%80%931981%2C+Book+2%3A+May+24+to+September+26%2C+1980&rft.pages=1061&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DByS9UqIswqsC%26pg%3DPA1061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Madison County, Iowa, birth certificate. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winterset.historyarchives.online/viewer?t=30118&i=t&by=1907&bdd=1900&d=05301907-05301907&fn=winterset_madisonian_usa_iowa_winterset_19070530_english_4&df=1&dt=8">"Personal and social"</a>. Winterset Madisonian. <a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset</a>, Iowa. May 30, 1907. p. 4. 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Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030530210" title="Special:BookSources/9780030530210"><bdi>9780030530210</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804005854/https://books.google.com/books?id=lX0dAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Clyde+%22Doc%22+Morrison+and+his+wife,+the+former+Mary+Brown%22">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+a+tribute&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart%2C+and+Winston&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780030530210&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Norm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlX0dAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Clyde%2B%2522Doc%2522%2BMorrison%2Band%2Bhis%2Bwife%2C%2Bthe%2Bformer%2BMary%2BBrown%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1997" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Randy (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dOPU1Zu7gjwC&q=john+wayne+ancestry+robert+morrison+ulster&pg=PA10">John Wayne: American</a>. U of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0803289707" title="Special:BookSources/0803289707"><bdi>0803289707</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114642/https://books.google.com/books?id=dOPU1Zu7gjwC&q=john+wayne+ancestry+robert+morrison+ulster&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+American&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0803289707&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdOPU1Zu7gjwC%26q%3Djohn%2Bwayne%2Bancestry%2Brobert%2Bmorrison%2Bulster%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/wayne.htm">"John Wayne: American"</a>. WashingtonPost.com. May 13, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042726/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/wayne.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WashingtonPost.com&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%3A+American&rft.date=1997-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Fchap1%2Fwayne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilton2016" class="citation news cs1">Chilton, Martin (April 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/john-wayne-10-surprising-facts/">"John Wayne: 10 surprising facts"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003723/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/john-wayne-10-surprising-facts/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%3A+10+surprising+facts&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffilms%2F2016%2F04%2F14%2Fjohn-wayne-10-surprising-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199537-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson199537_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsOlson1995">Roberts & Olson 1995</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-Munn-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munn_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munn_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munn_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munn_23-3">d</a> Munn, Michael (2003). John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth. London: Robson Books. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-21244-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-21244-4">0-451-21244-4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-glendale-24"><a href="#cite_ref-glendale_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501221905/http://glendalehigh.com/ghshistory.html">"A Pictorial History of Glendale High School"</a>. Glendale High School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glendalehigh.com/ghshistory.html">the original</a> on May 1, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Pictorial+History+of+Glendale+High+School&rft.pub=Glendale+High+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glendalehigh.com%2Fghshistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-davis-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davis_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-davis_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_L._Davis2001" class="citation book cs1">Ronald L. Davis (May 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A0wbaa9S53QC&pg=PA289">Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3329-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3329-4"><bdi>978-0-8061-3329-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151108200940/https://books.google.com/books?id=A0wbaa9S53QC&pg=PA289">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke%3A+The+Life+and+Image+of+John+Wayne&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-3329-4&rft.au=Ronald+L.+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA0wbaa9S53QC%26pg%3DPA289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-travers-26"><a href="#cite_ref-travers_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravers2010" class="citation book cs1">Travers, Steven (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XonVHHUcBy8C&q=Gene+Clarke">USC Trojans: College Football's All-Time Greatest Dynasty</a>. Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1589795686" title="Special:BookSources/978-1589795686"><bdi>978-1589795686</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126093249/https://books.google.com/books?id=XonVHHUcBy8C&q=Gene+Clarke">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=USC+Trojans%3A+College+Football%27s+All-Time+Greatest+Dynasty&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1589795686&rft.aulast=Travers&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXonVHHUcBy8C%26q%3DGene%2BClarke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jwayne.com-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jwayne.com_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jwayne.com_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jwayne.com_27-2">c</a> Shephard, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwayne.com/biography.shtml">Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108074813/http://www.jwayne.com/biography.shtml">Archived</a> November 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. JWayne.com. Retrieved March 11, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewell2008" class="citation journal cs1">Jewell, Rick (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210030155/http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html">"John Wayne, an American Icon"</a>. Trojan Family Magazine. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html">the original</a> on February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trojan+Family+Magazine&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%2C+an+American+Icon&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fuscnews%2Fstories%2F15465.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hughes-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hughes_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2012" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Johnny (2012). Famous gamblers, poker history, and texas stories. Iuniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1475942156" title="Special:BookSources/978-1475942156"><bdi>978-1475942156</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+gamblers%2C+poker+history%2C+and+texas+stories.&rft.pub=Iuniverse&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1475942156&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott. John Wayne: The Life and Legend. 2014, pp. 33–34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+The+Life+and+Legend.+2014%2C+pp.+33%E2%80%9334.&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JWBio-TQL-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JWBio-TQL_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161021/http://library.thinkquest.org/21065/past/wayne/index.htm">"Biography of John Wayne"</a>. Think Quest: Library. 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May 19, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213201348/http://www.vallartatribune.com/john-wayne-the-duke/">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vallarta+Tribune&rft.atitle=JOHN+WAYNE+%E2%80%93+The+Duke+%E2%80%93+Vallarta+Tribune&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vallartatribune.com%2Fjohn-wayne-the-duke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/">"Inflation Calculator"</a>. usinflationcalculator.com. Retrieved January 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usinflationcalculator.com&rft.atitle=Inflation+Calculator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usinflationcalculator.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clooney195-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Clooney195_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClooney2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clooney" title="Nick Clooney">Clooney, Nick</a> (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moviesthatchange00cloo/page/195">The Movies That Changed Us: Reflections on the Screen</a>. New York: Atria Books, a trademark of Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moviesthatchange00cloo/page/195">195</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7434-1043-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7434-1043-2"><bdi>0-7434-1043-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Movies+That+Changed+Us%3A+Reflections+on+the+Screen&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Atria+Books%2C+a+trademark+of+Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2002-11&rft.isbn=0-7434-1043-2&rft.aulast=Clooney&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoviesthatchange00cloo%2Fpage%2F195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Clooney, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-peterson1997-37"><a href="#cite_ref-peterson1997_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson,_Richard_A.1997" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Richard A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3zWpIOLB-MC&pg=PA84">Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity</a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 84–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-66284-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-66284-5"><bdi>0-226-66284-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114643/https://books.google.com/books?id=J3zWpIOLB-MC&pg=PA84">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. 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University of Oklahoma Press, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-2927-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-2927-1">0-8061-2927-1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/on-john-wayne-cancel-culture-and-the-art-of-problematic-artists/">"On John Wayne, Cancel Culture, and the Art of Problematic Artists"</a>. Literary Hub. June 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223111211/https://lithub.com/on-john-wayne-cancel-culture-and-the-art-of-problematic-artists/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2020. 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Retrieved November 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slq.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=John+Wayne+spends+Christmas+in+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+John+Oxley+Library&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fjol%2F2013%2F12%2F19%2Fjohn-wayne-spends-christmas-in-brisbane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwayne.com/2010/03/01/john-wayne-world-war-ii-and-the-draft/">"John Wayne, World War II and the Draft"</a>. jwayne.com. 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Gallery Books (1984), pp. 109–12. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0831755458" title="Special:BookSources/0831755458">0831755458</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarkis2015" class="citation book cs1">Farkis, John (March 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KftACgAAQBAJ&pg=PT140">Not Thinkin'... Just Rememberin'... The Making of John Wayne's "The Alamo"</a>. BearManor Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114757/https://books.google.com/books?id=KftACgAAQBAJ&pg=PT140">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+Thinkin%27...+Just+Rememberin%27...+The+Making+of+John+Wayne%27s+%22The+Alamo%22&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft.aulast=Farkis&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKftACgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/52604-I-MARRIED-A-WOMAN?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. 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Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F23731-THE-LONGEST-DAY%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penton-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Penton_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Penton_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenton1963" class="citation news cs1">Penton, Edgar (January 27, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newspapers.com">"Combat: Unit Is Mythical, But GIs Got 'Basic,' Just the Same"</a>. Green Bay Press-Gazette. Retrieved August 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Bay+Press-Gazette&rft.atitle=Combat%3A+Unit+Is+Mythical%2C+But+GIs+Got+%27Basic%2C%27+Just+the+Same&rft.date=1963-01-27&rft.aulast=Penton&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/23992-HOW-THE-WEST-WAS-WON?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. 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Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F23668-THE-GREEN-BERETS%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Inventing Vietnam: The War in Film and Television. 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Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F19430-HELLFIGHTERS%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/23723-TRUE-GRIT?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F23723-TRUE-GRIT%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/20617-THE-UNDEFEATED?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F20617-THE-UNDEFEATED%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/20696-CHISUM?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F20696-CHISUM%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/20676-RIO-LOBO?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F20676-RIO-LOBO%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/54053-BIG-JAKE?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F54053-BIG-JAKE%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-84"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1972" class="citation news cs1">Canby, Vincent (January 14, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/14/archives/the-cowboyswayne-stars-in-rydell-work-at-music-hall.html">"' The Cowboys':Wayne Stars in Rydell Work at Music Hall"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27+The+Cowboys%27%3AWayne+Stars+in+Rydell+Work+at+Music+Hall&rft.date=1972-01-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F01%2F14%2Farchives%2Fthe-cowboyswayne-stars-in-rydell-work-at-music-hall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepard2021" class="citation web cs1">Shepard, Will (April 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outsider.com/news/entertainment/john-wayne-fort-apache-state-selected-final-round-1972-nfl-draft-at-64/">"John Wayne 'of Fort Apache State' Was Selected in the Final Round of 1972 NFL Draft at 64-Years-Old"</a>. Outsider. Retrieved February 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outsider&rft.atitle=John+Wayne+%27of+Fort+Apache+State%27+Was+Selected+in+the+Final+Round+of+1972+NFL+Draft+at+64-Years-Old&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutsider.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment%2Fjohn-wayne-fort-apache-state-selected-final-round-1972-nfl-draft-at-64%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55068-THE-TRAIN-ROBBERS?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F55068-THE-TRAIN-ROBBERS%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/54883-CAHILL-UNITED-STATES-MARSHAL?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F54883-CAHILL-UNITED-STATES-MARSHAL%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/67614-MCQ?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F67614-MCQ%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55519-BRANNIGAN?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F55519-BRANNIGAN%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Film/55625-ROOSTER-COGBURN?cxt=filmography">"AFI|Catalog"</a>. catalog.afi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalog.afi.com&rft.atitle=AFI%7CCatalog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FFilm%2F55625-ROOSTER-COGBURN%3Fcxt%3Dfilmography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1975/0SHT.php">Box Office Information for The Shootist.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525213959/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1975/0SHT.php">Archived</a> May 25, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Numbers. Retrieved September 18, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shootist/">Movie Reviews for The Shootist.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080519052017/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shootist/">Archived</a> May 19, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. Retrieved September 18, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/eberts-10-best-lists-1967-present">Roger Ebert's 10 Best Lists: 1967 to present.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113224948/http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/eberts-10-best-lists-1967-present">Archived</a> January 13, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>'s Journal. Retrieved September 18, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTV.com" class="citation web cs1">TV.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv.com/shows/new-adam-12/">"New Adam-12"</a>. TV.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217122954/http://www.tv.com/shows/new-adam-12/">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV.com&rft.atitle=New+Adam-12&rft.au=TV.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv.com%2Fshows%2Fnew-adam-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jennifer_wayne-95"><a href="#cite_ref-jennifer_wayne_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonicki2016" class="citation web cs1">Konicki, Lisa (June 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nashcountrydaily.com/2016/06/06/whos-new-runaway-june/">"Who's New: Runaway June"</a>. Nash Country Daily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911171410/http://www.nashcountrydaily.com/2016/06/06/whos-new-runaway-june/">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nash+Country+Daily&rft.atitle=Who%27s+New%3A+Runaway+June&rft.date=2016-06-06&rft.aulast=Konicki&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nashcountrydaily.com%2F2016%2F06%2F06%2Fwhos-new-runaway-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayneThorleifson1989" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Pilar; Thorleifson, Alex (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/johnwaynemylifew00wayn">John Wayne : my life with the Duke</a>. Internet Archive. Bath : Chivers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7451-7157-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7451-7157-9"><bdi>978-0-7451-7157-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne+%3A+my+life+with+the+Duke&rft.pub=Bath+%3A+Chivers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7451-7157-9&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Pilar&rft.au=Thorleifson%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnwaynemylifew00wayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995195–197-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsOlson1995195–197_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsOlson1995">Roberts & Olson 1995</a>, pp. 195–197. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Duke: a love story: an intimate memoir of John Wayne's last years. <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9082896">9082896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke%3A+a+love+story%3A+an+intimate+memoir+of+John+Wayne%27s+last+years&rft.pub=WorldCat&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9082896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.click4hair.com/blog/famous-actors-whove-worn-hair-piece/">"Famous Actors Who've Worn a Hair Piece"</a>. 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Retrieved November 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Click4hair+Informational+Blog&rft.atitle=Famous+Actors+Who%27ve+Worn+a+Hair+Piece&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.click4hair.com%2Fblog%2Ffamous-actors-whove-worn-hair-piece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Transcribed from CBS video of the event posted on YouTube at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518153621/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dINMVPRA3DY">"John Wayne visits the Harvard Lampoon"</a>. YouTube. September 28, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dINMVPRA3DY">the original</a> on May 18, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=John+Wayne+visits+the+Harvard+Lampoon&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdINMVPRA3DY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Alphonzo Bell, with Marc L. 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Life Itself: A Memoir. p. 248.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Itself%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pages=248&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunn2004" class="citation book cs1">Munn, Michael (2004). John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth. p. 290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+The+Man+Behind+the+Myth&rft.pages=290&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a> magazine </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ammunitiontogo.com/lodge/guns-john-wayne-used-in-movies/">"Guns John Wayne Used in Movies"</a>. May 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115235634/https://www.ammunitiontogo.com/lodge/guns-john-wayne-used-in-movies/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guns+John+Wayne+Used+in+Movies&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammunitiontogo.com%2Flodge%2Fguns-john-wayne-used-in-movies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cr-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cr_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rochman, Sue (Fall 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117202540/http://www.crmagazine.org/archive/fall2008/Pages/TheDuke%27sFinalShowdown.aspx?Page=1">"The Duke's Final Showdown"</a>. CR. <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_Cancer_Research" title="American Association for Cancer Research">American Association for Cancer Research</a>. 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Retrieved July 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CR&rft.atitle=The+Duke%27s+Final+Showdown&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Rochman&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crmagazine.org%2Farchive%2Ffall2008%2FPages%2FTheDuke%27sFinalShowdown.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraystone,_Andrew2013" class="citation news cs1">Graystone, Andrew (November 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24985184?ocid=socialflow_twitter_bbcworld">"Viewpoint: Did Richard Nixon change the way people describe cancer?"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140217080313/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24985184?ocid=socialflow_twitter_bbcworld">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Viewpoint%3A+Did+Richard+Nixon+change+the+way+people+describe+cancer%3F&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft.au=Graystone%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-24985184%3Focid%3Dsocialflow_twitter_bbcworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> "Cut to the Chase" by Sam O'Steen. Los Angeles: Michael Wiese Productions (February 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-941188-37-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-941188-37-X">0-941188-37-X</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">"List of notable freemasons"</a>. freemasonry.bcy.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011004153632/http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2001. Retrieved October 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freemasonry.bcy.ca&rft.atitle=List+of+notable+freemasons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Ftextfiles%2Ffamous.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnslodgedc.org/famous-masons/">"List of famous freemasons"</a>. Lodge No 11 F.A.A.M., Washington D.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116030150/http://www.stjohnslodgedc.org/famous-masons/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2015. <q>33 Deg. Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56, Tucson, AZ. Came through the system from DeMolay.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lodge+No+11+F.A.A.M.%2C+Washington+D.C.&rft.atitle=List+of+famous+freemasons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohnslodgedc.org%2Ffamous-masons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html">"Mason in the history"</a>. MASTERmason.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104173702/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MASTERmason.com&rft.atitle=Mason+in+the+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmastermason.com%2FPGH32%2Ffamousmasons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html">"John Wayne"</a>. Freemasonry.bcy.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018214353/http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Wayne&rft.pub=Freemasonry.bcy.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Fbiography%2Fwayne_j%2Fwayne_j.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/07/11/quando-toto-aveva-il-grembiule.html">"When Totò had the apron"</a> (in Italian). April 5, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927142555/https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/07/11/quando-toto-aveva-il-grembiule.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2013. <q>John Wayne, the horseman of Hollywood, the hero of <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a>, symbol of the Yankee soldier, took up the degree of Master.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Tot%C3%B2+had+the+apron&rft.date=1999-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fricerca.repubblica.it%2Frepubblica%2Farchivio%2Frepubblica%2F1993%2F07%2F11%2Fquando-toto-aveva-il-grembiule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/08/john-waynes-beloved-yacht-get-historical-protections.html">"John Wayne's beloved yacht gets historical protection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. August 11, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723020757/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/08/john-waynes-beloved-yacht-get-historical-protections.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%27s+beloved+yacht+gets+historical+protection&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Flanow%2F2011%2F08%2Fjohn-waynes-beloved-yacht-get-historical-protections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated265-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated265_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated265_115-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Beaver" title="Jim Beaver">Jim Beaver</a>, "John Wayne". Films in Review, Volume 28, Number 5, May 1977, pp. 265–284. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1948" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Bob (October 24, 1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=19481024&id=hyIhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3687,1753456">"Hollywood Is Pitching Into Political Race"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Herald-Tribune" title="Sarasota Herald-Tribune">Sarasota Herald-Tribune</a>. 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London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-726-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-726-8">1-84212-726-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/06/04/bfstalin04.xml&page=5">"Why Stalin loved Tarzan and wanted John Wayne shot"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602054832/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2004%2F06%2F04%2Fbfstalin04.xml&page=5">Archived</a> June 2, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, April 6, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/19/john-waynes-racist-comments-lack-of-world-war-ii-service-resurface-in-heated-twitter-debate/">"John Wayne's racist comments, lack of World War II service resurface in heated Twitter debate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Mercury_News" title="The Mercury News">The Mercury News</a>. 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Retrieved July 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%27s+racist+comments%2C+lack+of+World+War+II+service+resurface+in+heated+Twitter+debate&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2019%2F02%2F19%2Fjohn-waynes-racist-comments-lack-of-world-war-ii-service-resurface-in-heated-twitter-debate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Todd. Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood. p. 583.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Howard+Hawks%3A+The+Grey+Fox+of+Hollywood&rft.pages=583&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/john-wayne-9525664#related-video-gallery">"John Wayne"</a>. Biography. A&E Television Networks. September 11, 2019 [Originally published April 2, 2014]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128202408/http://www.biography.com/people/john-wayne-9525664#related-video-gallery">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=John+Wayne&rft.date=2019-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fjohn-wayne-9525664%23related-video-gallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowell1995" class="citation news cs1">Dowell, Pat (September 25, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/reviews/wayne.htm">"John Wayne, Man and Myth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113091159/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/reviews/wayne.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%2C+Man+and+Myth&rft.date=1995-09-25&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Freviews%2Fwayne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> When Hollywood was Right- How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics; Donald T. 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Oxford University Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966025-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-966025-4"><bdi>978-0-19-966025-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151112090109/https://books.google.com/books?id=RnBVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA187">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2015. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303035907/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/02/us/john-wayne-son-smerconish-cnntv/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2019. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osv.com/osvnewsweekly/byissue/article/tabid/735/artmid/13636/articleid/14534/everyone-called-him-duke-john-waynes-conversion-to-catholicism.aspx">the original</a> on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+Sunday+Visitor&rft.atitle=Everyone+called+him+%27Duke%27%3A+John+Wayne%27s+conversion+to+Catholicism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osv.com%2Fosvnewsweekly%2Fbyissue%2Farticle%2Ftabid%2F735%2Fartmid%2F13636%2Farticleid%2F14534%2Feveryone-called-him-duke-john-waynes-conversion-to-catholicism.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nash_Candelaria" title="Nash Candelaria">Candelaria, Nash</a>. "John Wayne, Person and Personal The love affairs of an American legend" in Hopscotch: A Cultural Review, Volume 2, Number 4, 2001, pp. 2–13, Duke University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_Wayne" class="citation web cs1">Gary Wayne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505034704/http://www.seeing-stars.com/Buried2/PacificView.shtml">"Pacific View cemetery: Stars' Graves"</a>. Seeing-stars.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seeing-stars.com/buried2/pacificview.shtml">the original</a> on May 5, 2012. 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Hopscotch: A Cultural Review. 2 (4): 2–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hopscotch%3A+A+Cultural+Review&rft.atitle=John+Wayne%2C+Person+and+Persona%3A+The+love+affairs+of+an+American+legend&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Candelaria&rft.aufirst=Nash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2011" class="citation web cs1">Levy, Emanuel (April 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emanuellevy.com/comment/john-wayne-choosing-roles/#_edn2">"John Wayne: Choosing Roles"</a>. emanuellevy.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029071618/http://emanuellevy.com/comment/john-wayne-choosing-roles/#_edn2">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2015. 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Rutgers University Press. pp. 217–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36019%2F9780813550848-012">10.36019/9780813550848-012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5084-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5084-8"><bdi>978-0-8135-5084-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241867122">241867122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Dreams+Were+Made+Of%3A+Movie+Stars+of+the+1940s&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E217-%3C%2Fspan%3E234&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241867122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.36019%2F9780813550848-012&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-5084-8&rft.aulast=Countryman&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Scott Eyman. John Wayne: The Life and Legend. (2014), p. 293. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolloy2019" class="citation web cs1">Molloy, Tim (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/sacheen-littlefeather-marlon-brando-oscar-john-wayne/">"When Sacheen Littlefeather and Marlon Brando Fought John Wayne for the Soul of the Oscars"</a>. TheWrap. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615145836/https://www.thewrap.com/sacheen-littlefeather-marlon-brando-oscar-john-wayne/">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020. 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Beverly Hills: Pomegranate Press, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938817-08-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-938817-08-6">0-938817-08-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114184508/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946563,00.html">"The Nation: Hirohito Winds Up His Grand U.S. Tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. October 20, 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946563,00.html">the original</a> on November 14, 2011. 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Retrieved September 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DeMolay+International&rft.atitle=Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeademolay.org%2Fhall-of-fame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2014" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Merrisa (September 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/slideshow/San-Antonio-street-names-and-groupings-94695.php">"San Antonio street names and groupings"</a>. mysanantonio.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mysanantonio.com&rft.atitle=San+Antonio+street+names+and+groupings&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Merrisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysanantonio.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fslideshow%2FSan-Antonio-street-names-and-groupings-94695.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsOlson1995" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Randy; Olson, James S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnwayneamerica00robe">John Wayne: American</a>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-923837-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-923837-0"><bdi>978-0-02-923837-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+American&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-02-923837-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.au=Olson%2C+James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnwayneamerica00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaurBitterli2007" class="citation journal cs1">Baur, Andreas; Bitterli, Konrad (2007). "Brave Lonesome Cowboy. Der Mythos des Westerns in der Gegenwartskunst oder: John Wayne zum 100". Verlag für moderne Kunst Nürnberg. Geburstag, Nuremberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-939738-15-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-939738-15-2"><bdi>978-3-939738-15-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verlag+f%C3%BCr+moderne+Kunst+N%C3%BCrnberg&rft.atitle=Brave+Lonesome+Cowboy.+Der+Mythos+des+Westerns+in+der+Gegenwartskunst+oder%3A+John+Wayne+zum+100&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-939738-15-2&rft.aulast=Baur&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Bitterli%2C+Konrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="265–284" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Beaver" title="Jim Beaver">Beaver, Jim</a> (May 5, 1977). "John Wayne". Films in Review. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Films+in+Review&rft.atitle=John+Wayne&rft.volume=28&rft.date=1977-05-05&rft.aulast=Beaver&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenni_Calder" title="Jenni Calder">Calder, Jenni</a> (1979), John Wayne - Man and Myth of the West, in Bold, Christine (ed.), <a href="/wiki/Cencrastus" title="Cencrastus">Cencrastus</a> No. 1, Autumn 1979, pp. 13 – 16 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0264-0856">0264-0856</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="465–477" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell, James T. (September 2000). "Print the Legend: John Wayne and Postwar American Culture". Reviews in American History. 28 (3): 465–477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Frah.2000.0047">10.1353/rah.2000.0047</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-7511">0048-7511</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143182615">143182615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+American+History&rft.atitle=Print+the+Legend%3A+John+Wayne+and+Postwar+American+Culture&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E465-%3C%2Fspan%3E477&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143182615%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0048-7511&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Frah.2000.0047&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey,_Harry_Jr.1994" class="citation book cs1">Carey, Harry Jr. (1994). A Company of Heroes: My Life as an Actor in the John Ford Stock Company. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-2865-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-2865-0"><bdi>0-8108-2865-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Company+of+Heroes%3A+My+Life+as+an+Actor+in+the+John+Ford+Stock+Company&rft.pub=Lanham%2C+Maryland%3A+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8108-2865-0&rft.au=Carey%2C+Harry+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkAnderson1995" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Donald; Anderson, Christopher (1995). John Wayne's The Alamo: The Making of the Epic Film. New York: Carol Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-1625-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-1625-9"><bdi>0-8065-1625-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%27s+The+Alamo%3A+The+Making+of+the+Epic+Film&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Carol+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8065-1625-9&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2001" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Ronald L. (2001). Duke: The Life and Times of John Wayne. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3329-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3329-5"><bdi>0-8061-3329-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+John+Wayne&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8061-3329-5&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Didion" title="Joan Didion">Didion, Joan</a> (1968). "John Wayne: A Love Song". In <a href="/wiki/Slouching_Towards_Bethlehem" title="Slouching Towards Bethlehem">Slouching Towards Bethlehem</a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0374531386" title="Special:BookSources/978-0374531386">978-0374531386</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman1999" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott (1999). Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-81161-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-81161-8"><bdi>0-684-81161-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Print+the+Legend%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+John+Ford&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-684-81161-8&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman2014" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4qceCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA293">John Wayne: The Life and Legend</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439199589" title="Special:BookSources/978-1439199589"><bdi>978-1439199589</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114541/https://books.google.com/books?id=4qceCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA293">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+The+Life+and+Legend&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1439199589&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4qceCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jensen, Richard (2012). When the Legend Became Fact – The True Life of John Wayne. Nashville: Raymond Street Publishers, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandesman2004" class="citation book cs1">Landesman, Fred (2004). The John Wayne Filmography. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786432523" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786432523"><bdi>978-0786432523</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+John+Wayne+Filmography&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0786432523&rft.aulast=Landesman&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1997" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Todd (1997). Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-1598-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-1598-5"><bdi>0-8021-1598-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Howard+Hawks%3A+The+Grey+Fox+of+Hollywood&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8021-1598-5&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGhee1999" class="citation book cs1">McGhee, Richard D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FIWS9KaWjZ0C&pg=PA135">John Wayne: Actor, Artist, Hero</a>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786407522" title="Special:BookSources/0786407522"><bdi>0786407522</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114503/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIWS9KaWjZ0C&pg=PA135">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+Actor%2C+Artist%2C+Hero&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0786407522&rft.aulast=McGhee&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFIWS9KaWjZ0C%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGivern2000" class="citation book cs1">McGivern, Carolyn (2000). John Wayne: A Giant Shadow. Bracknell, England: Sammon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9540031-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9540031-0-1"><bdi>0-9540031-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+A+Giant+Shadow&rft.pub=Bracknell%2C+England%3A+Sammon&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9540031-0-1&rft.aulast=McGivern&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunn2004" class="citation book cs1">Munn, Michael (2004). John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth. Robson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-722-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86105-722-8"><bdi>978-1-86105-722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+The+Man+Behind+the+Myth&rft.pub=Robson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86105-722-8&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaab2007" class="citation journal cs1">Raab, Markus (2007). "Beautiful Hearts, Laughers at the World, Bowlers. Worldviews of the Late Western". Baur/Bitterli: Brave Lonesome Cowboy. Der Mythos des Westerns in der Gegenwartskunst Oder: John Wayne zum 100. Geburtstag. Nuremberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-939738-15-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-939738-15-2"><bdi>978-3-939738-15-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baur%2FBitterli%3A+Brave+Lonesome+Cowboy.+Der+Mythos+des+Westerns+in+der+Gegenwartskunst+Oder%3A+John+Wayne+zum+100.+Geburtstag&rft.atitle=Beautiful+Hearts%2C+Laughers+at+the+World%2C+Bowlers.+Worldviews+of+the+Late+Western&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-939738-15-2&rft.aulast=Raab&rft.aufirst=Markus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherdSlatzerGrayson1985" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, Donald; Slatzer, Robert; Grayson, Dave (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dukelifetimesof00shep">Duke: The Life and Times of John Wayne</a>. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-17893-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-17893-X"><bdi>0-385-17893-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duke%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+John+Wayne&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Doubleday&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-385-17893-X&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Slatzer%2C+Robert&rft.au=Grayson%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdukelifetimesof00shep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayneDelsohn1998" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Aissa; Delsohn, Steve (April 1998). John Wayne: My Father. Taylor Trade Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87833-959-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87833-959-4"><bdi>978-0-87833-959-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%3A+My+Father&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publications&rft.date=1998-04&rft.isbn=978-0-87833-959-4&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Aissa&rft.au=Delsohn%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills,_Garry1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Garry_Wills" title="Garry Wills">Wills, Garry</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnwaynesameric00will">John Wayne's America: The Politics of Celebrity</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-80823-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-80823-4"><bdi>0-684-80823-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%27s+America%3A+The+Politics+of+Celebrity&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-684-80823-4&rft.au=Wills%2C+Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnwaynesameric00will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice_Zolotow1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Zolotow" title="Maurice Zolotow">Maurice Zolotow</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shootingstar00mzol">Shooting Star: A Biography of John Wayne</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-82969-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-82969-6"><bdi>0-671-82969-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shooting+Star%3A+A+Biography+of+John+Wayne&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-671-82969-6&rft.au=Maurice+Zolotow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshootingstar00mzol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Wayne" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Wayne" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Wayne">John Wayne</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/John_Wayne" class="extiw" title="q:John Wayne">John Wayne</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnwayne.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40531#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwcf.org/">John Wayne Cancer Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwci.org/">John Wayne Cancer Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/john-wayne-marion-robert-morrison">FBI file on John Wayne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnwaynebirthplace.museum/">Birthplace of John Wayne official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000078/">John Wayne</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40531#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/87147-John-Wayne">John Wayne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/202933%7C87147/wp">John Wayne</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40531#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/John+Wayne">John Wayne</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717232317/https://www.texasarchive.org/library/index.php?title=On_the_Set_of_The_Alamo&gsearch=set%20of%20the%20alamo">"On the Set of The Alamo"</a>: Behind-the-scenes footage from the production of the film, from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.26980">STAFF FILM REPORT 66-28A (1966)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1079">John Wayne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40531#P535" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Wayne" title="Template:John Wayne"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Wayne" title="Template talk:John Wayne"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Wayne" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Wayne"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Wayne107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_filmography" title="John Wayne filmography">Filmography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Berets_(film)" title="The Green Berets (film)">The Green Berets</a> (1968, with Ray Kellogg)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As producer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighter_and_the_Lady" title="Bullfighter and the Lady">Bullfighter and the Lady</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondo_(film)" title="Hondo (film)">Hondo</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_of_the_Cat_(film)" title="Track of the Cat (film)">Track of the Cat</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good-bye,_My_Lady_(film)" title="Good-bye, My Lady (film)">Good-bye, My Lady</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_the_Man_Down" title="Gun the Man Down">Gun the Man Down</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Baur" title="Esperanza Baur">Esperanza Baur</a> (ex-wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wayne" title="Michael Wayne">Michael Wayne</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick Wayne</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilar_Pallete" title="Pilar Pallete">Pilar Pallete</a> (ex-wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Wayne" title="Ethan Wayne">Ethan Wayne</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_June" title="Runaway June">Jennifer Wayne</a> (granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batjac_Productions" title="Batjac Productions">Batjac Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taborcillo" title="Taborcillo">John Wayne Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palisades_Tennis_Club" title="Palisades Tennis Club">John Wayne Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_YMS-328" title="USS YMS-328">The Wild Goose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_John_Wayne88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_John_Wayne88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for John Wayne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Jannings" title="Emil Jannings">Emil Jannings</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Baxter" title="Warner Baxter">Warner Baxter</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Arliss" title="George Arliss">George Arliss</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_McLaglen" title="Victor McLaglen">Victor McLaglen</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Muni" title="Paul Muni">Paul Muni</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Donat" title="Robert Donat">Robert Donat</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a>1 (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>1 (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Carney" title="Art Carney">Art Carney</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Brody" title="Adrien Brody">Adrien Brody</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Fraser" title="Brendan Fraser">Brendan Fraser</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><div>1 refused award that year</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template talk:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1974)</li> <li>No Award (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2006)</li> <li>No Award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2020)</li> <li>No Award (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2022)</li> <li>No Award (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Knox" title="Alexander Knox">Alexander Knox</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1968)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonda" title="Peter Fonda">Peter Fonda</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Boseman" title="Chadwick Boseman">Chadwick Boseman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Butler" title="Austin Butler">Austin Butler</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Brody" title="Adrien Brody">Adrien Brody</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_winners2364" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_Winners" title="Template:National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_Winners" title="Template talk:National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_Winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Football Foundation Gold Medal Winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_winners2364" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_Foundation_Gold_Medal_winners" title="National Football Foundation Gold Medal winners">National Football Foundation Gold Medal winners</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> & <a href="/wiki/Amos_Alonzo_Stagg" title="Amos Alonzo Stagg">Amos Alonzo Stagg</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">Byron "Whizzer" White</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blough" title="Roger Blough">Roger Blough</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Donold_Lourie" title="Donold Lourie">Donold B. Lourie</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Juan_T._Trippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan T. Trippe">Juan T. Trippe</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Blaik" title="Earl Blaik">Earl H. "Red" Blaik</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_L._Hovde" title="Frederick L. Hovde">Frederick L. Hovde</a></li> <li>1968: Chester J. LaRoche</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hamilton_(American_football)" title="Tom Hamilton (American football)">Thomas J. Hamilton</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></li> <li>1973: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_B._Zornow" title="Gerald B. Zornow">Gerald B. Zornow</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a></li> <li>1976: Edgar B. Speer</li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Wilson_Jr." title="Louis H. Wilson Jr.">Louis H. Wilson</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_dePaul_Draddy" title="Vincent dePaul Draddy">Vincent dePaul Draddy</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/William_P._Lawrence" title="William P. Lawrence">William P. Lawrence</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Zable" title="Walter J. Zable">Walter J. Zable</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Whitlock_Dart_Sr." title="Justin Whitlock Dart Sr.">Justin W. Dart</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Silver_Anniversary_Awards_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Anniversary Awards (NCAA)">Silver Anniversary Awards (NCAA)</a> - All Honored <a href="/wiki/Jim_Brown" title="Jim Brown">Jim Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Davis_(defensive_end)" title="Willie Davis (defensive end)">Willie Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Kramer" title="Ron Kramer">Ron Kramer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Swink" title="Jim Swink">Jim Swink</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/John_McGillicuddy" title="John McGillicuddy">John F. McGillicuddy</a></li> <li>1985: William I. Spencer</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Morton_(American_football)" title="Bill Morton (American football)">William H. Morton</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Meyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles R. Meyer">Charles R. Meyer</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_E._Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton E. Frank">Clinton E. Frank</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brown" title="Paul Brown">Paul Brown</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Moorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas H. Moorer">Thomas H. Moorer</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Donald_R._Keough" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald R. Keough">Donald R. Keough</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Schwarzkopf_Jr." title="Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.">Norman Schwarzkopf</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(broadcasting)" title="Thomas Murphy (broadcasting)">Thomas S. Murphy</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alfond" title="Harold Alfond">Harold Alfond</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Corrigan" title="Gene Corrigan">Gene Corrigan</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/John_H._McConnell" title="John H. McConnell">John H. McConnell</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jackson" title="Keith Jackson">Keith Jackson</a></li> <li>2000: Fred M. Kirby II</li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Red_McCombs" title="Red McCombs">Billy Joe "Red" McCombs</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/George_Steinbrenner" title="George Steinbrenner">George Steinbrenner</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_(business_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Campbell (business executive)">William V. Campbell</a></li> <li>2005: Jon F. Hanson</li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Paterno" title="Joe Paterno">Joe Paterno</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bowden" title="Bobby Bowden">Bobby Bowden</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Pete_Dawkins" title="Pete Dawkins">Pete Dawkins</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roger_Staubach" title="Roger Staubach">Roger Staubach</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Knight" title="Phil Knight">Phil Knight</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bowerman" title="Bill Bowerman">Bill Bowerman</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscoe Brown">Roscoe Brown</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roger_Goodell" title="Roger Goodell">Roger Goodell</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Catena" title="Tom Catena">Tom Catena</a> & George Weiss</li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Archie_Manning" title="Archie Manning">Archie Manning</a></li> <li>2017: None awarded</li> <li>2018: Aaron Feis & Jason Seaman</li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Harmon" title="Mark Harmon">Mark Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People&#039;s_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actor168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #7F69A5; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People%27s_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actor" title="Template:People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People%27s_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actor" title="Template talk:People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People%27s_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People&#039;s_Choice_Award_for_Favorite_Movie_Actor168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Wayne</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burt_Reynolds" title="Burt Reynolds">Burt Reynolds</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_Tatum" title="Channing Tatum">Channing Tatum</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Reynolds" title="Ryan Reynolds">Ryan Reynolds</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Boseman" title="Chadwick Boseman">Chadwick Boseman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne Johnson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth" title="Chris Hemsworth">Chris Hemsworth</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121283693">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37103799">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34595/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwdhthtVcpYCHhqc8xv73">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118629603">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046229">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139010440">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139010440">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621632">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35595047">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000701941&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX900528">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075116197">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90560116">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000239805&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000038339&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ed0076ca-cc35-4ea4-86ad-efaf4afcb4dc">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/john-wayne/7707">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118629603">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1008392">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118629603.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118629603">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/092625908">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582644">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d225x5">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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