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srcset="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/white-wheel-medium.svg"> <source media="(min-width: 601px)" srcset="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/wheel-medium.svg"> <img src="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/white-wheel-medium.svg" alt=""> </picture> <span class="lp-header__logo-title">Lippincott&#174;</span> </a> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_newAutoComplete" class="js-search-auto-suggestion lww-search-auto-suggestion" data-config="{&quot;searchUrl&quot;:&quot;https://lww.com/pages/results.aspx?k=&lt;&lt;search term>>&amp;Scope=AllIssues&amp;txtKeywords=&lt;&lt;search term>>&amp;pas=False&amp;suggestsearch=True&quot;,&quot;autoCompleteUrl&quot;:&quot;https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand&quot;,&quot;maxSuggestions&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;dictionaryIds&quot;:&quot;ovid_sted28_mesh22&quot;}"></div> <div class="lp-header__field-body lp-header__history-link js-navbar-nav__history navbar-nav__history"></div> <div class="lp-header__user-nav-login-controls"> <a href="https://lww.com/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpages%2fdefault.aspx" id="ctl00_ctl52_registerButton" class="lp-header__register-link">Register</a> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_userLoginContainer" class="lp-header__user"> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn lp-header__user-name" type="button" data-config="{&quot;eventName&quot;:&quot;login&quot;,&quot;eventDetail&quot;:{},&quot;isNull&quot;:false}"> <span class="lp-header__icon lp-header__icon--login wk-icon-login"></span> <span class="lp-header__user-name-text">Log in</span> <span class="lp-header__icon lp-header__icon-chevron-down wk-icon-chevron-down"></span> </button> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/UserToolbarDropdown.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <section class="user-action-toolbar"> <ul class="user-menu user-info" role="tablist"> <li 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id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ej-box-modal-style-1"> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlMain"> <div id="tocUnsubscribeModal" > <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage"></span> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div 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id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenTopicalCollectionId" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenOvidId" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup(title, alertType, journalId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || 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document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Citation(title, journalId, ovidId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Citation'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId').value = ovidId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Topical(title, journalId, topicalCollectionId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Topical'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId').value = topicalCollectionId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCSuccessPopup() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.hide(); } return false; }); </script> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" value="showemail" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscriptionType" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType" /> <div id="divPopupOverLay" class="Popup-Overlay" style="display: none; position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3800; width: 1920px; height: 4517px;"></div> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc" class="etoc-popup ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, &#39;ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue&#39;)"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblTitle"></span> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage"></span></strong> </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError" style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;ctl00$ctl52$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p id="ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pAuthenticatedUserMessage"> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_SaveSubscriptionTypeInHiddenField(url, subscriptionType, journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId) { if (journalId && yearId && issueId && articleId) { logCounterDataAlertWhenCitedSynchronously(journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId); } $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').val(journalId); if (url) window.location = url; else __doPostBack('hypSubscribeToAlerts'); return false; } function alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(journalTitle, journalId, subscriptionType, displaySubscriptionType) { $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl52_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lp-header__bottom"> <div class="lp-header__mobile-header"> <button type="button" class="js-lp-modal__open-icon lp-header__button lp-header__menu-button"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="lp-header__icon wk-icon-menu"></span> <span class="lp-visually-hidden">Main Menu</span> </button> <div class="js-lp-modal__wrapper lp-modal__wrapper"> <div class="js-lp-modal__backdrop lp-modal__backdrop"></div> <div class="lp-modal__body" role="dialog"> <button type="button" class="js-lp-modal__close-icon lp-modal__button lp-modal__close-icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="lp-header__icon wk-icon-close"></span> <p class="lp-visually-hidden">Close modal box.</p> </button> <ul> <li class="lp-modal__sublist-item"> <nav> <ul class="lp-modal__list lp-modal__list--nav js-lp-modal__list--nav"></ul> </nav> </li> <li class="lp-modal__sublist-item"> <ul class="lp-modal__list lp-modal__list--user"> <li class="lp-header__mobile-history-link js-navbar-nav__history navbar-nav__history"></li> </ul> </li> <li class="lp-modal__sublist-item lp-modal__sublist-item--login-opts-item"> <a href="https://lww.com/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpages%2fdefault.aspx" id="ctl00_ctl52_mobileUserRegisterButton" class="lp-header__register-link">Register</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn lp-modal__list-item lp-modal__list-item--user" type="button" data-config="{&quot;eventName&quot;:&quot;login&quot;,&quot;eventDetail&quot;:{},&quot;isNull&quot;:false}"> <span id="ctl00_ctl52_loginButtonText"><span class="lp-modal__icon wk-icon-login"></span>Log In</span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://lww.com/pages/default.aspx" id="ctl00_ctl52_mobileLogoLink" class="lp-header__logo"> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 600px)" srcset="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/white-wheel-medium.svg"> <source media="(min-width: 601px)" srcset="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/wheel-medium.svg"> <img src="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk/fundamentals/1.x.x/logo/assets/white-wheel-medium.svg" alt=""> </picture> <span class="lp-header__logo-title">Lippincott&#174;</span> </a> <div class="lp-header__field-body"> <button type="button" 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