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class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/1_kings/21.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />In those letters she wrote: &#8220Proclaim a day of fasting and seat Naboth in a prominent place among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/1_kings/21.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />In her letters she commanded: “Call the citizens together for a time of fasting, and give Naboth a place of honor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/1_kings/21.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, “Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth at the head of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />In the letters she wrote: “Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/1_kings/21.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/1_kings/21.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />She wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and seat Naboth with high honor among the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/1_kings/21.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />Now she had written in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/1_kings/21.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Now she wrote in the letters, saying, &#8220Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/1_kings/21.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />Now she wrote in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast, and seat Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/1_kings/21.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying, “Call for a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/1_kings/21.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Now in the letters she wrote, “Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/1_kings/21.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />In the letters, she wrote: Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/1_kings/21.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />In the letters, she wrote: Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/1_kings/21.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/1_kings/21.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/1_kings/21.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />In these letters she wrote: "Announce a fast. Seat Naboth as leader of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/1_kings/21.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />The letters said: "Proclaim a day of fasting, call the people together, and give Naboth the place of honor. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/1_kings/21.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />In the memos, she wrote the following directives: "Proclaim a public fast and seat Naboth in the front row. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/1_kings/21.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />In the letters she wrote: ?Proclaim a fast and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/1_kings/21.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />This is what she wrote: "Observe a time of fasting and seat Naboth in front of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/1_kings/21.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />She wrote in the letters, saying, "Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/1_kings/21.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/1_kings/21.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />She wrote in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/1_kings/21.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and she writes in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast, and cause Naboth to sit at the head of the people,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/1_kings/21.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and she writeth in the letters, saying, 'Proclaim a fast, and cause Naboth to sit at the head of the people,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/1_kings/21.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And she will write in the letters, Saying, Call a fast; set Naboth in the head of the people:<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/1_kings/21.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And this was the tenor of the letters: Proclaim a fast, and make Naboth sit among the chief of the people, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/1_kings/21.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And this was the judgment of the letters: “Proclaim a fast, and cause Naboth to sit among the first rulers of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/1_kings/21.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />This is what she wrote in the letters: “Proclaim a fast and set Naboth at the head of the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/1_kings/21.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />She wrote in the letters, “Proclaim a fast, and seat Naboth at the head of the assembly;<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/1_kings/21.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letter, saying, Proclaim a fast and set Naboth on high among the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/1_kings/21.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letter:”Decree a fast and set Nabuth above the people.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/1_kings/21.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And she wrote in the letters, saying: 'Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth at the head of the people;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/1_kings/21.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And it was written in the letters, saying, Keep a fast, and set Naboth in a chief place among the people.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/1_kings/21-9.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xx9A0AxPaoQ?start=8440" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/1_kings/21.htm">Jezebel's Plot</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8</span>Then Jezebel wrote letters in Ahab’s name, sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. <span class="reftext">9</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/5612.htm" title="5612: bas·sə·p̄ā·rîm (Prep-b, Art:: N-mp) -- A missive, document, writing, book. Or ciphrah; from caphar; properly, writing; by implication, a book.">In the letters</a> <a href="/hebrew/559.htm" title="559: lê·mōr (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To utter, say. A primitive root; to say."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3789.htm" title="3789: wat·tiḵ·tōḇ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To write. A primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write.">she wrote:</a> <a href="/hebrew/7121.htm" title="7121: qir·’ū- (V-Qal-Imp-mp) -- To call, proclaim, read. A primitive root; to call out to.">“Proclaim</a> <a href="/hebrew/6685.htm" title="6685: ṣō·wm (N-ms) -- Fasting, a fast. Or tsom; from from tsuwm; a fast.">a fast</a> <a href="/hebrew/3427.htm" title="3427: wə·hō·wō·šî·ḇū (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-Imp-mp) -- A primitive root; properly, to sit down; by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry.">and give</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5022.htm" title="5022: nā·ḇō·wṯ (N-proper-ms) -- A Jezreelite. Feminine plural from the same as Nob; fruits; Naboth, an Israelite.">Naboth</a> <a href="/hebrew/7218.htm" title="7218: bə·rōš (Prep-b:: N-msc) -- Head. From an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head, whether literal or figurative.">a seat of honor</a> <a href="/hebrew/5971.htm" title="5971: hā·‘ām (Art:: N-ms) -- From amam; a people; specifically, a tribe; hence troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock.">among the people.</a> </span><span class="reftext">10</span>But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/20-16.htm">Exodus 20:16</a></span><br />You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/19-15.htm">Deuteronomy 19:15-21</a></span><br />A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses. / If a false witness testifies against someone, accusing him of a crime, / both parties to the dispute must stand in the presence of the LORD, before the priests and judges who are in office at that time. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/proverbs/6-16.htm">Proverbs 6:16-19</a></span><br />There are six things that the LORD hates, seven that are detestable to Him: / haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, / a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that run swiftly to evil, ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/26-59.htm">Matthew 26:59-61</a></span><br />Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus in order to put Him to death. / But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward / and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/6-11.htm">Acts 6:11-13</a></span><br />Then they prompted some men to say, “We heard Stephen speak words of blasphemy against Moses and against God.” / So they stirred up the people, elders, and scribes and confronted Stephen. They seized him and brought him before the Sanhedrin, / where they presented false witnesses who said, “This man never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/27-12.htm">Psalm 27:12</a></span><br />Do not hand me over to the will of my foes, for false witnesses rise up against me, breathing out violence.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/35-11.htm">Psalm 35:11</a></span><br />Hostile witnesses come forward; they make charges I know nothing about.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/5-23.htm">Isaiah 5:23</a></span><br />who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/7-9.htm">Jeremiah 7:9</a></span><br />Will you steal and murder, commit adultery and perjury, burn incense to Baal, and follow other gods that you have not known,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/22-6.htm">Ezekiel 22:6-12</a></span><br />See how every prince of Israel within you has used his power to shed blood. / Father and mother are treated with contempt. Within your walls the foreign resident is exploited, the fatherless and the widow are oppressed. / You have despised My holy things and profaned My Sabbaths. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/micah/6-12.htm">Micah 6:12</a></span><br />For the wealthy of the city are full of violence, and its residents speak lies; their tongues are deceitful in their mouths.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/14-55.htm">Mark 14:55-59</a></span><br />Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus to put Him to death, but they did not find any. / For many bore false witness against Jesus, but their testimony was inconsistent. / Then some men stood up and testified falsely against Him: ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/23-2.htm">Luke 23:2</a></span><br />And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/18-29.htm">John 18:29-30</a></span><br />So Pilate went out to them and asked, “What accusation are you bringing against this man?” / “If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/13-9.htm">Romans 13:9</a></span><br />The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: “Love your neighbor as yourself.”</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:</p><p class="hdg">Proclaim a fast</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/34-13.htm">Genesis 34:13-17</a></b></br> And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister: … </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/58-4.htm">Isaiah 58:4</a></b></br> Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as <i>ye do this</i> day, to make your voice to be heard on high.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/matthew/2-8.htm">Matthew 2:8</a></b></br> And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said, Go and search diligently for the young child; and when ye have found <i>him</i>, bring me word again, that I may come and worship him also.</p><p class="hdg">on high among [heb] in the top of </p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/18-9.htm">Cause</a> <a href="/1_kings/11-2.htm">Fast</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-5.htm">Fasting</a> <a href="/1_kings/11-32.htm">Fixed</a> <a href="/1_kings/19-6.htm">Head</a> <a href="/1_kings/16-18.htm">High</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Naboth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/1-20.htm">Proclaim</a> <a href="/acts/25-23.htm">Prominent</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-7.htm">Public</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-19.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/1_kings/8-25.htm">Sit</a> <a href="/2_samuel/19-2.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-1.htm">Time</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Writeth</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm">Wrote</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_kings/21-10.htm">Cause</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Fast</a> <a href="/ezra/9-5.htm">Fasting</a> <a href="/2_kings/8-11.htm">Fixed</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Head</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">High</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-11.htm">Letters</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Naboth</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-20.htm">Proclaim</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Prominent</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Public</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-10.htm">Seat</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-10.htm">Sit</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-12.htm">Sorrow</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-29.htm">Time</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">Writeth</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-1.htm">Wrote</a><div class="vheading2">1 Kings 21</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/21-1.htm">Ahab being denied Naboth's vineyard, is grieved</a></span><br><span class="reftext">5. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/21-5.htm">Jezebel writing letters against Naboth, he is condemned of blasphemy</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/21-15.htm">Ahab take possession of the vineyard</a></span><br><span class="reftext">17. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/21-17.htm">Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab and Jezebel</a></span><br><span class="reftext">25. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/21-25.htm">Wicked Ahab repenting, God defers the judgment</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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This act of writing letters signifies the misuse of royal authority and manipulation. In the ancient Near East, letters were a common means of communication, especially for official decrees. Jezebel's actions reflect her influence over Ahab and her willingness to use deceit to achieve her goals. This mirrors the broader theme of corruption and moral decay in Israel during this period.<p><b>Proclaim a fast</b><br>A fast in ancient Israel was often a sign of mourning, repentance, or seeking divine intervention. By proclaiming a fast, Jezebel creates a facade of piety and religious observance. This manipulation of religious practices for personal gain highlights the hypocrisy and moral decline in Israel. Fasts were communal events, and this public display would have drawn significant attention, setting the stage for the subsequent events.<p><b>and give Naboth a seat of honor among the people.</b><br>Naboth, a righteous man who owned a vineyard coveted by Ahab, is given a seat of honor, which is ironic given the plot against him. In ancient Israelite culture, seating arrangements were significant, often indicating status and respect. By placing Naboth in a position of honor, Jezebel sets him up for false accusations, as witnesses would be more credible if the accused was initially honored. This act of deceit is reminiscent of other biblical narratives where the innocent are wrongfully accused, drawing parallels to the trial of Jesus Christ, who was also falsely accused and condemned.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/j/jezebel.htm">Jezebel</a></b><br>The wife of King Ahab, known for her manipulation and idolatry. She orchestrates the plot against Naboth.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/n/naboth.htm">Naboth</a></b><br>A righteous Israelite who owns a vineyard that King Ahab desires. His refusal to sell it leads to his unjust death.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/a/ahab.htm">Ahab</a></b><br>The King of Israel, who covets Naboth's vineyard and allows Jezebel to execute her wicked plan.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/s/samaria.htm">Samaria</a></b><br>The capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, where these events take place.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_elders_and_nobles.htm">The Elders and Nobles</a></b><br>Local leaders in Jezreel who are complicit in Jezebel's scheme by carrying out her orders.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/t/the_dangers_of_covetousness.htm">The Dangers of Covetousness</a></b><br>Coveting can lead to a cascade of sins, as seen in Ahab's desire for Naboth's vineyard. Believers must guard their hearts against covetousness.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_injustice.htm">The Consequences of Injustice</a></b><br>Jezebel's plot highlights the destructive power of injustice. Christians are called to stand for truth and justice, even when it is costly.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_complicity_in_sin.htm">The Role of Complicity in Sin</a></b><br>The elders and nobles' compliance with Jezebel's plan shows how silence and inaction can contribute to evil. Believers should be vigilant and courageous in opposing wrongdoing.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_cost_of_righteousness.htm">The Cost of Righteousness</a></b><br>Naboth's account reminds us that standing for righteousness may lead to persecution. However, God honors those who remain faithful.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_and_justice.htm">God's Sovereignty and Justice</a></b><br>Despite human schemes, God’s justice prevails. This encourages believers to trust in God's ultimate justice and sovereignty.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_1_kings_21.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 1 Kings 21</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_was_naboth_in_the_bible.htm">Who was Naboth in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_accept_jezebel's_false_witness_orders.htm">Why would local elders and nobles so easily accept Jezebel’s instructions to bear false witness, considering the legal necessities outlined in 1 Kings 21:8–13? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/evidence_for_jehu's_overthrow_of_joram.htm">Is there archaeological evidence supporting Jehu's violent overthrow of Joram and the circumstances of Jezebel's death (2 Kings 9:21-37)?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_is_ahab_shown_mercy_in_1_kings_21.htm">How do we explain the sudden divine mercy shown to Ahab in 1 Kings 21:27-29 when his earlier actions were so thoroughly condemned?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/1_kings/21.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(9) <span class= "bld">Proclaim a fast.</span>--This might be only to cover all that was to be so foully done with a cloak of religious observance, or, perhaps more probably, to imply that some secret sin had been committed, which would draw down vengeance on the whole city, and so to prepare for the false accusation. There is a like ambiguity as to the explanation of the command, "set Naboth on high," as either an exaltation of pretended honour, or the "lifting up his head" (<a href="/genesis/40-20.htm" title="And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast to all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants.">Genesis 40:20</a>) for accusation. It may be noted that the whole scheme implies a return of the people to at least the outward observance of the Law of the Lord.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/21.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 9.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And she wrote in the letters, saying Proclaim a fast</span> [The object of this ordinance was to give the impression that the city was labouring under, or threatened with, a curse, because of some undiscovered sin (<a href="/2_samuel/21-1.htm">2 Samuel 21:1</a>; <a href="/joshua/9-11.htm">Joshua 9:11</a>; <a href="/deuteronomy/21-9.htm">Deuteronomy 21:9</a>), which must be removed or averted by public humiliation. Cf. <a href="/joel/1-14.htm">Joel 1:14</a>; <a href="/joel/2-12.htm">Joel 2:12</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/7-6.htm">1 Samuel 7:6</a>; <a href="/2_chronicles/20-3.htm">2 Chronicles 20:3</a>)], <span class="cmt_word">and set Naboth on high among the people.</span> [Heb. <span class="accented">at the head of the people</span>. Keil, <span class="accented">al</span>. interpret, bring him into the court of justice, as defendant before all the people." And certainly <span class="hebrew">הושִׁיבוּ</span> here, and in the next verse - where it is used of the witnesses (cf. ver. 13) - means, <span class="accented">make to sit</span>; which looks as if judicial procedure were intended. But "at the <span class="accented">head</span> of the people "rather suggests that in the public assembly, which marked the fast (<a href="/joel/2-15.htm">Joel 2:15</a>), Naboth was assigned the most distinguished place. The reason for this is obvious, viz., to give a colour of impartiality to the proceedings. As Grotius, <span class="accented">Ne odio damnasse crederentur, quem ipsi honoraverunt</span>. It would also accord with the popular idea of retributive justice that Naboth should be denounced in the very hour of his triumph and exaltation. Josephus, however, says that it was because of his high birth that this position was assigned him.] <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/1_kings/21-9.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">In the letters</span><br /><span class="heb">בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים</span> <span class="translit">(bas·sə·p̄ā·rîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5612.htm">Strong's 5612: </a> </span><span class="str2">A missive, document, writing, book</span><br /><br /><span class="word">she wrote:</span><br /><span class="heb">וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב</span> <span class="translit">(wat·tiḵ·tōḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3789.htm">Strong's 3789: </a> </span><span class="str2">To grave, to write</span><br /><br /><span class="word">“Proclaim</span><br /><span class="heb">קִֽרְאוּ־</span> <span class="translit">(qir·’ū-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7121.htm">Strong's 7121: </a> </span><span class="str2">To call, proclaim, read</span><br /><br /><span class="word">a fast</span><br /><span class="heb">צ֔וֹם</span> <span class="translit">(ṣō·wm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6685.htm">Strong's 6685: </a> </span><span class="str2">Fasting, a fast</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and give</span><br /><span class="heb">וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ</span> <span class="translit">(wə·hō·wō·šî·ḇū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3427.htm">Strong's 3427: </a> </span><span class="str2">To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Naboth</span><br /><span class="heb">נָב֖וֹת</span> <span class="translit">(nā·ḇō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5022.htm">Strong's 5022: </a> </span><span class="str2">Naboth -- a Jezreelite</span><br /><br /><span class="word">a seat of honor</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּרֹ֥אשׁ</span> <span class="translit">(bə·rōš)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7218.htm">Strong's 7218: </a> </span><span class="str2">The head</span><br /><br /><span class="word">among the people.</span><br /><span class="heb">הָעָֽם׃</span> <span class="translit">(hā·‘ām)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5971.htm">Strong's 5971: </a> </span><span class="str2">A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/1_kings/21-9.htm">1 Kings 21:9 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/1_kings/21-9.htm">OT History: 1 Kings 21:9 She wrote in the letters saying Proclaim (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/1_kings/21-8.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1 Kings 21:8"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1 Kings 21:8" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/1_kings/21-10.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1 Kings 21:10"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1 Kings 21:10" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>