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aria-controls="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shabbaton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shabbaton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Shabbaton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shabbaton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First-day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First-day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First-day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First-day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh-day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh-day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Seventh-day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh-day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh-day_versus_First-day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh-day_versus_First-day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Seventh-day versus First-day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh-day_versus_First-day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_moon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_moon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>New moon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_moon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Day_of_the_Vow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Day_of_the_Vow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Day of the Vow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day_of_the_Vow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Millennial_Sabbath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millennial_Sabbath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Millennial Sabbath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millennial_Sabbath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritual_Sabbath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritual_Sabbath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Spiritual Sabbath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritual_Sabbath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latter_Day_Saint_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Latter Day Saint Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Samaritanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religious_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religious_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other religious traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_religious_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other religious traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_religious_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seven-day_week" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seven-day_week"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Seven-day week</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seven-day_week-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Sabbaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Sabbaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>High Sabbaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Sabbaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shmita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shmita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Shmita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shmita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Babylonian_rest_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babylonian_rest_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Babylonian rest days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babylonian_rest_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhist_rest_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhist_rest_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Buddhist rest day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhist_rest_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cherokee_rest_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cherokee_rest_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Cherokee rest days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cherokee_rest_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabbath_as_Saturday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabbath_as_Saturday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Sabbath as Saturday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabbath_as_Saturday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wicca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wicca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Wicca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wicca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unification_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unification_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Unification Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unification_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Secular traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secular_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secular traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secular_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State-mandated_rest_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State-mandated_rest_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>State-mandated rest days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State-mandated_rest_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subbotnik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subbotnik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Subbotnik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subbotnik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabbatical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabbatical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sabbatical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabbatical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ሰንበት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰንበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="السبت اليهودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السبت اليهودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5" title="সাব্বাথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাব্বাথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabata" title="Sabata – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sabata" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabat" title="Sabat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sabat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="سبت (روز تعطیل دینی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سبت (روز تعطیل دینی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4" title="사바스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사바스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabato" title="Sabato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sabato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbatsdagur" title="Sabbatsdagur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sabbatsdagur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabata" title="Sabata – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sabata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89" title="السبت اليهودى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السبت اليهودى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbat" title="Sabbat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sabbat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%91" title="ថ្ងៃសប្ប័ទ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថ្ងៃសប្ប័ទ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sab%C3%A1" title="Sabá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sabá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabat_biblic" title="Sabat biblic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sabat biblic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sabbath" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95" title="สะบาโต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะบาโต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebt_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Sebt Günü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sebt Günü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3322950#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Day set aside for rest and worship</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general day of rest or worship time in Abrahamic religions. For the rest day in Judaism, see <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>. For Sabbath in the Bible, see <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a>. For the Talmudic tractate, see <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat (Talmud)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOOD_SHABBES_-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/GOOD_SHABBES_-.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Welcoming the Sabbath with the lighting of <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">Shabbat candles</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Jewish custom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>, the <b>Sabbath</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) or <b>Shabbat</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שַׁבָּת</span></span> <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Šabbāṯ</i></span>) is a day set aside for rest and worship. According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a>, the Sabbath is a day of rest on the seventh day, <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">commanded</a> by <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> to be kept as a <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holy day</a> of rest, as God rested from <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">creation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of observing the Sabbath (<a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>) originates in the biblical commandment "<a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a>". </p><p>The Sabbath is observed in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabbatarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatarian">Sabbatarian</a> forms of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (such as some <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observances similar to, or descended from, the Sabbath also exist in other religions. The term may be generally used to describe similar weekly observances in other religions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical Sabbath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sunset_2013.jpg/220px-Sunset_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sunset_2013.jpg/330px-Sunset_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sunset_2013.jpg/440px-Sunset_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>For the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Christians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a>, Sabbath begins Friday at sundown and ends at Saturday sundown. Thus the sunset is a common <a href="/wiki/Symbology" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbology">symbology</a> of the Sabbath.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sabbath (as the verb שָׁבַת֙ <i>shabbat</i>) is first mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis creation narrative</a>, where the seventh day is set aside as a day of rest (in Hebrew, <i>shabbat</i>) and made holy by <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0102.htm#2">Genesis 2:2–3</a>). Observation and remembrance of Sabbath (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שַׁבָּת</span> <i>shabbat</i>) is one of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments#Commandments_text_and_numbering" title="Ten Commandments">fourth</a> in the original <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, and most <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> traditions, the third in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> traditions). </p><p>Most Jews who observe the Sabbath regard it as having been instituted as a perpetual <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(Biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenant (Biblical)">covenant</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0231.htm#13">Exodus 31:13–17</a>), as a sign respecting two events: the day during which God rested after having completed <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a> in six days (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0220.htm#8">Exodus 20:8–11</a>) and the Israelites' <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">deliverance from Egypt</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm#12">Deuteronomy 5:12–15</a>). However, most <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath-keeping Christians</a> regard the Sabbath as having been instituted by God at the end of Creation week and that the entire world was then, and continues to be, obliged to observe the seventh day as Sabbath. </p><p>Observance in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> was universally from <a href="/wiki/Day#Boundaries" title="Day">sixth-day sundown</a> to seventh-day sundown<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">seven-day week</a>. The Sabbath was considered a day of joy,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an occasion for consultation with prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabbath corporate worship was not prescribed for the community at large, and the Sabbath activities at the shrines were originally a convocation of priests for the purpose of offering divine sacrifices, with family worship and rest being centered in homes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_desecration" title="Sabbath desecration">Sabbath-breakers</a> were officially to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_capital_crimes_in_the_Torah#Religious_practices" title="List of capital crimes in the Torah">cut off from the assembly or potentially killed</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0231.htm#15">Exodus 31:15</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></div> <p>Jewish <i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></i> (<i>Shabbath</i>, <i>Shabbes</i>, <i>Shobos</i>, etc.) is a weekly day of rest, observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night. <a href="/wiki/Activities_prohibited_on_Shabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Activities prohibited on Shabbat">Thirty-nine activities prohibited on <i>Shabbat</i></a> are listed in Tractate <i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat (Talmud)</a></i>. Customarily, <i>Shabbat</i> is ushered in by lighting <a href="/wiki/Candle" title="Candle">candles</a> shortly before sunset, at <a href="/wiki/Halakhic" class="mw-redirect" title="Halakhic">halakhically</a> calculated times that change weekly and geographically. </p><p><i>Shabbat</i> is a widely noted hallmark of the Jewish people. Several weekly <i>Shabbat</i>s per year are designated as <a href="/wiki/Special_Sabbaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Sabbaths">Special Sabbaths</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_haGadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabbat haGadol">Shabbat haGadol</a></i>, prior to <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a> (literally, "the High Sabbath", but not to be confused with other <a href="/wiki/High_Sabbaths" title="High Sabbaths">High Sabbaths</a>); and <i>Shabbat Teshuvah</i>, prior to <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> ("Repentance Sabbath"). </p><p>While Shabbat is universally considered by Jews to take place between Friday at sundown and Saturday at sundown, the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism#Observance" title="Reform Judaism">classical Reform</a> movement at its height produced innovations in practice, exemplied by some <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> rabbis such as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holdheim" title="Samuel Holdheim">Samuel Holdheim</a>, who shifted his congregation's Shabbat services to Sundays in imitation of Christians' observance of their sabbath, which takes place on Sunday. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Reform Judaism has since abandoned the practice of holding Shabbat services on Sundays.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shabbaton">Shabbaton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shabbaton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shabbaton" title="Shabbaton">Shabbaton</a></div> <p>Colloquially, in contemporary Israel, the term <i>Shabbaton</i> or <i>Shaboson</i> may mean an event or program of education and usually celebration held on <i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></i>, or over an entire <a href="/wiki/Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend">weekend</a> with main focus on <i>Shabbat</i>. Such events are held by youth groups, singles groups, synagogues, schools, social groups, charitable groups or family reunions, can be either multi-generational and wide-open or limited-group, and can be held where a group usually meets or offsite. "<i>Shabbaton</i>", rather than just "<a href="/wiki/Retreat_(spiritual)" title="Retreat (spiritual)">retreat</a>", signifies recognition of the importance of <i>Shabbat</i> in the event or program.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath in Christianity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, the Sabbath is considered still to be on <a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a>, the seventh day, in remembrance of the Hebrew Sabbath. In <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> and most branches of Protestantism, the "<a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>" (Greek Κυριακή) is considered to be on Sunday, the first day (and "eighth day"). Communal worship, including the Holy Mysteries, may take place on any day, but a weekly observance of the resurrection is made consistently on Sunday. <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a> sometimes refers to the Lord's Day as a "Christian Sabbath", distinct from the Hebrew Sabbath, but related in varying manner. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a> (literally, Sabbatarians) are a Russian sect, categorized <a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizing</a> Christians, which became particularly branded by strict <i>Shabbat</i> observance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First-day">First-day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First-day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Puritan_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan Sabbath">Puritan Sabbath</a></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> times, most English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> identify the "<a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>" (viz., Sunday) with a "<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Sabbath">Christian Sabbath</a>", a term <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a> in those areas may also celebrate with the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>. It is considered both the first day and the "eighth day" of the seven-day week. In <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, all commerce and entertainment activities cease on Sunday, starting at midnight and ending the next day, at midnight, as Tonga's constitution declares the Sabbath sacred forever.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a> has observed both Sunday Resurrection Day and <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Sabbath">Saturday Sabbath</a> in different ways for several centuries, as have other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> traditions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> Sabbatarianism or <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed</a> Sabbatarianism is strict observance of <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath in Christianity</a> that is typically characterized by its avoidance of <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">recreational</a> activities. "Puritan Sabbath", expressed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></i>, is often contrasted with "<a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental</a> Sabbath": the latter follows the Continental <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_confessions_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Christian confessions of faith">Reformed confessions</a> such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a></i>, which emphasize rest and <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>, but do not forbid recreational activities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh-day">Seventh-day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seventh-day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">Sabbath in seventh-day churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sabbath-keeping_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sabbath-keeping churches">List of Sabbath-keeping churches</a></div> <p>Several Christian denominations observe Sabbath in a similar manner to Judaism, though with observance ending at Saturday sunset instead of Saturday nightfall. Early church historians <a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socrates_of_Constantinople" title="Socrates of Constantinople">Socrates</a> cite the seventh day as the Christian day of worship except for the Christians in Rome and Alexandria. Many Sabbatarian Judeo-Christian groups were attested during the Middle Ages. The <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a>, a religious group founded during the 12th century, are regarded as one of the first Post-Constantinian Christian groups to observe the seventh-day Sabbath. The <a href="/wiki/Szekler_Sabbatarians" title="Szekler Sabbatarians">Szekler Sabbatarians</a> were founded in 1588 from among the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Church_of_Transylvania" title="Unitarian Church of Transylvania">Unitarian Church of Transylvania</a> and maintained a presence until the group converted to Judaism in the 1870s. <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Day_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Day Baptist">Seventh Day Baptists</a> have observed Sabbath on Saturday since the mid-17th century (either from sundown or from midnight), and influenced the (now more numerous) <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a> in America to begin the practice in the mid-19th century. They believe that keeping <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Sabbath">seventh-day Sabbath</a> is a moral responsibility equal to that of any of the other <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, based on the Fourth Commandment's injunction to <a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a>, as well as the example of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. They also use "Lord's Day" to mean the seventh day, based on Scriptures in which God calls the day "my Sabbath" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#31:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 31:13</a>) and "to the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#16:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 16:23</a>) and in which Jesus calls himself "Lord of Sabbath" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#12:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 12:8</a>). The question of defining Sabbath worldwide on a round earth was resolved by some <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Sabbatarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Sabbatarian">seventh-day Sabbatarians</a> by making use of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> (i.e., permitting local rest-day adjustment, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Esther#9:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Esther">Esther 9:16–19</a>), while others (such as some <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaskan</a> Sabbatarians) keep Sabbath according to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> time (i.e., rejecting manmade temporal customs, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel#7:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Daniel">Daniel 7:25</a>). Adherents of <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a> (a Christian sect or grouping of sects), also generally observe the Sabbath on Saturdays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh-day_versus_First-day">Seventh-day versus First-day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seventh-day versus First-day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sabbath in Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">Sabbath in seventh-day churches</a></div> <p>In 321 AD, Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> enacted the first civil law regarding Sunday observance. The law did not mention the Sabbath by name, but referred to a day of rest on "the venerable day of the sun." </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>On the venerable day of the sun let the magistrate and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In the country however, persons engaged in agricultural work may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits; because it often happens that another day is not so suitable for grain growing or for vine planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty of heaven should be lost.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_moon">New moon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New moon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">New moon</a></div> <p>The new moon, occurring every 29 or 30 days, is an important separately sanctioned occasion in Judaism and some other faiths. It is not widely regarded as Sabbath, but some <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Roots" title="Hebrew Roots">messianic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> keep the day of the new moon as Sabbath or rest day, from evening to evening. New-moon services can last all day. </p><p>Some modern sects who are Sabbath keepers have suggested a Sabbath based on the New Moon<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> citing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/psalms/104-19.htm">Psalm 104:19</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/genesis/1-14.htm">Genesis 1:14</a> as a key <a href="/wiki/Prooftext" title="Prooftext">prooftexts</a>. Observers recognize the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th days of the month of the Hebrew Calendar as Sabbath days which should be observed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reject the 7 day week as non-biblical.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Lunar Sabbath theory is rejected by most Sabbatarian groups and Judaism as false and misleading but the recently discovered Dead Sea Scrolls translated by Eisenman and Wise show the Essene Jewish calendar revealing the first sabbath of the month of Nisan being on the 4th day 3 days after the new moon and kept every 7 days for the rest of the year. While some of the writings at the Dead Sea sect or Qumran state the 4th day, other writings such as HaYubilim XLIV:1 or The Jubilees 44:1 mention the seventh day of the 3rd moon a sacrifice takes place and Yaakob stays seven days later because travel is not permitted on Shabbat. Philo of Alexandria also mentions in Decalogue XXX (161) But to the seventh day of the week he has assigned [the beginning of] the greatest festivals, those of the longest duration [Unleavened Bread and Tabernacles], at the periods of the equinox both vernal and autumnal in each year; appointing two festivals for these two epochs, each lasting seven days; the one which takes place in the spring being for the perfection of what is being sown, and the one which falls in autumn being a feast of thanksgiving for the bringing home of all the fruits which the trees have produced. And seven days have very appropriately been appointed to the seventh month of each equinox, so that each month might receive an especial honour of one sacred day of festival, for the purpose of refreshing and cheering the mind with its holiday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Day_of_the_Vow">Day of the Vow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Day of the Vow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Vow" title="Day of the Vow">Day of the Vow</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Day of the Vow or <a href="/wiki/Dingane" title="Dingane">Dingane</a>'s Day (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a> <i>Geloftedag</i> or <i>Dingaansdag</i>, December 16) was the name of a religious public holiday in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> commemorating a famous <a href="/wiki/Boer" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer">Boer</a> victory over the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a>. Celebrated as annual Sabbath (a holy day of thanksgiving) since 1838, it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Reconciliation" title="Day of Reconciliation">Day of Reconciliation</a> in 1994. The anniversary and its commemoration are intimately connected with various streams of <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> and South African nationalism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Millennial_Sabbath">Millennial Sabbath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Millennial Sabbath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Millennial_Day_Theory" title="Millennial Day Theory">Millennial Day Theory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> in the early third century, Christians have often considered that some thousand-year Sabbath, expected to begin six thousand years after Creation, might be identical with the <a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">millennium</a> described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. This view was also popular among 19th- and 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">dispensational</a> <a href="/wiki/Premillennialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Premillennialist">premillennialists</a>. The term "Sabbatism" or "Sabbatizing" (Greek <i>Sabbatismos</i>), which generically means any literal or spiritual Sabbath-keeping, has also been taken in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#4:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 4:9</a> to have special reference to this definition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual_Sabbath">Spiritual Sabbath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spiritual Sabbath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some modern Christians uphold Sabbath principles but do not limit observance to either Saturday or Sunday, instead advocating rest on any one chosen day of the week as following the spirit of Sabbath, or advocating Sabbath as instead a symbolic metaphor for rest in Christ. These look upon Sabbath as a principle to be observed in spirit rather than in letter, regarding the rest offered in <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> as the only New Testament admonishment containing the root word of "Sabbath" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:28</a>) and sometimes as a more permanent rest than a day could fulfill (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#4:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 4:9</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saint_Movement">Latter Day Saint Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Latter Day Saint Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1831, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a> published a revelation commanding his related movement, the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, to go to the house of prayer, offer up their sacraments, rest from their labors, and pay their devotions on the Lord's day (D&C 59:9–12). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That thou mayest more fully keep thyself unspotted from the world, thou shalt go to the house of prayer and offer up thy sacraments upon my holy day; for verily this is a day appointed unto you to rest from your labors, and to pay thy devotions unto the Most High.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>D&C 59:9–10<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Latter-day Saints believe this means performing no labor that would keep them from giving their full attention to spiritual matters (Ex. 20:10). LDS prophets have described this as meaning they should not shop, hunt, fish, attend sports events, or participate in similar activities on that day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Elder <a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">Spencer W. Kimball</a> wrote in his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Forgiveness" title="The Miracle of Forgiveness">The Miracle of Forgiveness</a></i> that mere idle lounging on the Sabbath does not keep the day holy, and that it calls for constructive thoughts and acts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the Church are encouraged to prepare their meals with "singleness of heart" on the Sabbath<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (D&C 59:13) and believe the day is only for righteous activities (Is. 58:13.) In most areas of the world, this means worship on Sunday, though there is adaptation for Israel and many majority-Muslim countries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In harmony with this revelation, members of the LDS church attend <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_meeting" title="Sacrament meeting">sacrament meeting</a> each week. Other Sabbath-day activities may include: praying, meditating, studying the scriptures and the teachings of latter-day prophets, writing letters to family members and friends, reading wholesome material, visiting the sick and distressed, and attending other Church meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Friday_prayer" title="Friday prayer">Friday prayer</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> shares the six-part <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Abrahamic creation narrative</a> (32:4, 50:38) and the Sabbath as the seventh day (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">yaum as-Sabt</i></span>: 2:65, 4:47, 154, 7:163, 16:124), but <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">God's</a> mounting the throne after creation is taken in contradistinction to <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>'s concluding and resting from his labors. The Quran states that since Sabbath was only for Jews, Muslims replace Sabbath rest with <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">jumu'ah</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جمعة</span>). Also known as "Friday prayer", <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">jumu'ah</i></span> is a congregational prayer (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a></i></span>) held every Friday (the Day of Assembly), just after midday, in place of the otherwise daily <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dhuhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhuhr">dhuhr</a></i></span> prayer; </p><p>The Quran states: "When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday, hasten earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business: That is best for you if ye but knew" (62:9). The next verse ("When the prayer is ended, then disperse in the land ...") leads many Muslims not to consider Friday a rest day, as in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, which regards the seventh-day Sabbath as unchanged; but many Muslim countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, do consider Friday a nonwork day, a holiday or a weekend; and other Muslim countries, like <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> count it as half a rest day (after the Friday prayer is over). <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jumu'ah</i></span> attendance is strictly incumbent upon all free adult males who are <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">residents of the locality (and not travelling).</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (February 2022)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Samaritanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sabbath is observed weekly by the Samaritan community every Friday to Saturday beginning and ending at sundown, for twenty four hours the families gather together to celebrate the rest day, all electricity with the exception of minimal lighting (kept on the entire day) in the house is disconnected, no work is done, neither is cooking or driving allowed. The time is devoted to worship which consists of seven <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">prayer services</a> (divided into two for Sabbath eve, two in the morning, one in afternoon and one at eve of conclusion), reading the weekly Torah portion (According to the Samaritan yearly Torah cycle), spending quality time with family, taking meals, rest and sleep, and within the community visiting each other is encouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">Shabbat candles</a> are not used in Samaritan custom and would be considered a violation of the biblical commandment of "You shall not kindle fire".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religious_traditions">Other religious traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other religious traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seven-day_week">Seven-day week</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Seven-day week"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">Seven-day week</a></div> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a> (naming the whole for a part), in Jewish sources by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, the term "Sabbath" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>Sabbaton</i>, Strong's <i>4521</i>) also came to mean an entire "<a href="/wiki/Se%27nnight" class="mw-redirect" title="Se'nnight">se'nnight</a>" or seven-day week, the interval between two weekly Sabbaths. <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">parable</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pharisee_and_the_Publican" title="Pharisee and the Publican">Pharisee and the Publican</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#18:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 18:9–14</a>) describes the <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a> as fasting "twice a week" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>dis tou sabbatou</i>, literally, "Twice of the Sabbath"). Philo of Alexandria states in Decalogue XX. (96) The fourth commandment has reference to the sacred seventh day, that it may be passed in a sacred and holy manner. Now some states keep the holy festival only once in the month, counting from the new moon, as a day sacred to God; but the nation of the Jews keep every seventh day regularly, after each interval of six days; (97) and there is an account of events recorded in the history of the creation of the world, constituting a sufficient relation of the cause of this ordinance; for the sacred historian says, that the world was created in six days, and that on the seventh day God desisted from his works, and began to contemplate what he had so beautifully created; (98) therefore, he commanded the beings also who were destined to live in this state, to imitate God in this particular also, as well as in all others, applying themselves to their works for six days, but desisting from them and philosophising on the seventh day, and devoting their leisure to the contemplation of the things of nature, and considering whether in the preceding six days they have done anything which has not been holy, bringing their conduct before the judgment-seat of the soul, and subjecting it to a scrutiny, and making themselves give an account of all the things which they have said or done; the laws sitting by as assessors and joint inquirers, in order to the correcting of such errors as have been committed through carelessness, and to the guarding against any similar offences being hereafter repeated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Sabbaths">High Sabbaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: High Sabbaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Sabbaths" title="High Sabbaths">High Sabbaths</a></div> <p>"High Sabbaths" are observed by Jews and some Christians. Seven annual Biblical festivals, called <i>miqra</i> ("called assembly") in Hebrew and "High Sabbath" in English and serving as supplemental testimonies to Sabbath, are specified in the books of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a>; they do not necessarily fall on weekly Sabbath. Three occur in spring: the first and seventh days of <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_observance_of_Passover" title="Christian observance of Passover">Passover</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>). Four occur in fall, in the seventh month, and are also called <i>Shabbaton</i>: <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Trumpets_(Christian_holiday)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Trumpets (Christian holiday)">Trumpets</a>); <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, "Sabbath of Sabbaths" (<a href="/wiki/Christian_observances_of_Yom_Kippur" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian observances of Yom Kippur">Atonement</a>); and the first and eighth days of <a href="/wiki/Sukkoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukkoth">Sukkoth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_observances_of_Jewish_holidays#Christian_Feast_of_Tabernacles" title="Christian observances of Jewish holidays">Tabernacles</a>). "High Sabbaths" is also often a synonym of "<a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a>", viz., Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shmita">Shmita</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Shmita"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">Shmita</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שמטה</span>, Strong's 8059 as <i>sh<sup>e</sup>mittah</i>, literally "release"), also called sabbatical year, is the seventh (שביעי, Strong's 7637 as <i>sh<sup>e</sup>biy'iy</i>) year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, relatively little observed in Biblical tradition, but still observed in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. During <i>Shmita</i>, the land is left to lie <a href="/wiki/Fallow" title="Fallow">fallow</a> and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden by Torah and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a>. By tradition, other cultivation techniques (such as watering, fertilizing, weeding, spraying, trimming and mowing) may be performed as preventive measures only, not to improve the growth of trees or plants; additionally, whatever fruits grow of their own accord during that year are deemed <i>hefker</i> (ownerless), not for the landowner but for the poor, the stranger, and the beasts of the field; these fruits may be picked by anyone. A variety of laws also apply to the sale, consumption and disposal of <i>Shmita</i> produce. When the year ended, all debts, except those of foreigners, were to be remitted (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#15:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 15:1–11</a>); in similar fashion, Torah requires a slave who had worked for six years to go free in the seventh year. <a href="/wiki/Leviticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a> 25 promises bountiful harvests to those who observe <i>Shmita</i>, and describes its observance as a test of religious faith. The term <i>Shmita</i> is translated "release" five times in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a> (from the root שמט, <i>shamat</i>, "<i>desist</i>, <i>remit</i>", 8058). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Babylonian_rest_days">Babylonian rest days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Babylonian rest days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar#Days" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian calendar § Days</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shappatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shappatum">Shappatum</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Counting from the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a>, the Babylonians celebrated the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th as "holy-days", also called "evil days" (meaning "unsuitable" for prohibited activities). On these days officials were prohibited from various activities and common men were forbidden to "make a wish", and at least the 28th was known as a "rest-day". On each of them, offerings were made to a different god and goddess. Tablets from the 6th-century BCE reigns of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses</a> indicate these dates were sometimes approximate. The <a href="/wiki/Lunation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunation">lunation</a> of 29 or 30 days basically contained three <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">seven-day weeks</a>, and a final week of nine or ten days inclusive, breaking the continuous seven-day cycle. The Babylonians additionally celebrated the 19th as a special "evil day", the "day of anger", because it was roughly the 49th day of the (preceding) month, completing a "week of weeks", also with sacrifices and prohibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Difficulties with <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Delitzsch" title="Friedrich Delitzsch">Friedrich Delitzsch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Origin_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin theory">origin theory</a> connecting Hebrew <i><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></i> with the Babylonian <a href="/wiki/Lunar_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar cycle">lunar cycle</a> include reconciling the differences between an unbroken week and a lunar week, and explaining the absence of texts naming the lunar week as <i>Shabbat</i> in any language. Reconstruction of a broken tablet seems to define the rarely attested Babylonian <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a> word <i>Sapattu<sup>m</sup></i> or <i>Sabattu<sup>m</sup></i> as the <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a>: this word is cognate or merged with Hebrew <i>Shabbat</i>, but is monthly rather than weekly. It is regarded as a form of <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerian</a> <i>sa-bat</i> ("mid-rest"), attested in <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> as <i>um nuh libbi</i> ("day of mid-repose"). This conclusion is a contextual restoration of the damaged <a href="/wiki/En%C3%BBma_Eli%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Enûma Eliš">Enûma Eliš</a> <a href="/wiki/Creation_mythos" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation mythos">creation mythos</a>, which is read as: "[Sa]pattu shalt thou then encounter, mid[month]ly." </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">pentecontad calendar</a>, thought to be of <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorite</a> origin, includes a period known to <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonians</a> as <i>Shappatum</i>. The year is broken down into seven periods of fifty days (made up of seven weeks of seven days, containing seven weekly Sabbaths, and an extra fiftieth day, known as the <i>atzeret</i>), plus an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days, called <i>Shappatum</i>, the period of harvest time at the end of each year. Identified and reconstructed by Hildegaard and Julius Lewy in the 1940s, the calendar's use dates back to at least the 3rd millennium BCE in Western <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> and surrounding areas; it was used by the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> tribes, thought by some to have been used by the <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Israelites</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">King Solomon</a>, and related to the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical">liturgical</a> calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Essene" class="mw-redirect" title="Essene">Essenes</a> at <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a>. Used well into the modern age, forms of it have been found in <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> and among the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Fellaheen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellaheen">fellaheen</a></i>. Julius Morgenstern believed that the calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Jubilees" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilees">Jubilees</a> had ancient origins as a somewhat modified survival of the pentecontad calendar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhist_rest_day">Buddhist rest day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Buddhist rest day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></div> <p>The <i>Uposatha</i> has been observed since <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>'s time (500 BCE), and is still being kept today in <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhist">Theravada Buddhist</a> countries. It occurs every seven or eight days, in accordance with the four phases of the moon. Buddha taught that <i>Uposatha</i> is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind", resulting in inner calm and joy. On this day, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">disciples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> intensify their practice, deepen their knowledge, and express communal commitment through millennia-old acts of lay-monastic reciprocity. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wan_Phra" class="mw-redirect" title="Wan Phra">Wan Phra</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Thai Chinese</a> likewise observe their Sabbaths and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese holidays">traditional Chinese holidays</a> according to lunar phases, but not on exactly the same days as <i>Uposatha</i>. These Sabbaths cycle through the month with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a>, so common Thai calendars incorporate Thai and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> lunar dates, as well as <i>Uposatha</i> dates, for <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cherokee_rest_days">Cherokee rest days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cherokee rest days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first day of the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a>, beginning at sunrise, is a <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">quiet reflection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>. Monthly <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> is encouraged, for up to four days. Work, cooking, sex and childbirth were also prohibited during the empty moon days, called "un-time" or "non-days"; childbirth during these days was considered unlucky. The Cherokee <a href="/wiki/New_year" class="mw-redirect" title="New year">new year</a>, the "great new moon" or "Hunting Moon", is the first new moon in <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a>, after the setting of the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> star cluster and around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Leonids" title="Leonids">Leonids</a> meteoric shower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabbath_as_Saturday">Sabbath as Saturday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sabbath as Saturday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One <a href="/wiki/Folk_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk tradition">folk tradition</a> in English is the widespread use of "Sabbath" as a synonym of midnight-to-midnight "Saturday" (literally, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>'s day in at least a dozen languages): this is a simplification of the use of "Sabbath" in other religious contexts, where the two do not coincide. (Using midnight instead of sundown as delimiter dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.) In over thirty other languages, the <a href="/wiki/Week-day_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Week-day names">common name</a> for this day in the <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">seven-day week</a> is a cognate of "Sabbath". "<a href="/wiki/Sabbatini" title="Sabbatini">Sabbatini</a>", originally "Sabbadini", often "Sabatini", etc., is a very frequent Italian name form ("<a href="/wiki/Christodoulos_Sabbatos" class="mw-redirect" title="Christodoulos Sabbatos">Sabbatos</a>" is the Greek form), indicating a family whose ancestor was born on Saturday, Italian <i>sabato</i>; "Domenico" indicated birth on Sunday. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Vampire_hunter" title="Vampire hunter">vampire hunter</a> lore, people born on Saturday were specially designated as <i>sabbatianoí</i> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> and <i>sâbotnichavi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> (rendered in English as "Sabbatarians"). It was also believed in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> that someone born on a Saturday could see a <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">vampire</a> when it was otherwise invisible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wicca">Wicca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Wicca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbat">Sabbat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esbat" title="Esbat">Esbat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The annual cycle of the Earth's seasons is called the Wheel of the Year in <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism">neopaganism</a>. Eight <a href="/wiki/Sabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbat">sabbats</a> (occasionally "sabbaths", or "Sun sabbats") are spaced at approximately even intervals throughout the year. <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>, which coincides with <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>, is considered the first sabbat of the year. </p><p>An esbat is a ritual observance of the <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full moon</a> in Wicca and neopaganism. Some groups extend the esbat to include the dark moon and the first and last quarters. "Esbat" and "sabbat" are distinct and are probably not <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> terms, although an esbat is also called "moon sabbat". </p><p>European records from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> to the 17th century or later also place Witches' Sabbaths on similar dates to sabbats in modern Wicca, but with some disagreement; medieval reports of sabbat activity are generally not firsthand and may be imaginative, but many persons were accused of, or tried for, taking part in sabbats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unification_Church">Unification Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Unification Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahn_Shi_Il" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahn Shi Il">Ahn Shi Il</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a> has a regular day of worship on Sunday, but every eight days Unificationists celebrate the day of Ahn Shi Il, considered as Sabbath but cycling among the weekdays of the Gregorian calendar. The <a href="/wiki/Family_Pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Pledge">Family Pledge</a>, formerly recited at 5:00 a.m. on Sundays, was moved to Ahn Shi Il in 1994 and includes eight verses containing the phrase "by centering on true love". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></div> <p>The day of rest in the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> is Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secular_traditions">Secular traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Secular traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Secular_day_of_rest" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular day of rest">Secular day of rest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend">Weekend</a></div> <p>Secular use of "Sabbath" for "rest day", while it usually refers to the same period of time (Sunday) as the majority Christian use of "Sabbath", is often stated in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> to refer to different purposes for the rest day than those of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. In <i><a href="/wiki/McGowan_v._Maryland" title="McGowan v. Maryland">McGowan v. Maryland</a></i> (1961), the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> held that contemporary <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_law" title="Blue law">blue laws</a> (typically, Sunday rest laws) were intended to promote the secular values of "health, safety, recreation, and general well-being" through a common day of rest, and that this day coinciding with majority Christian Sabbath neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, uncharacteristically, does not specify which day of the week its "Day of Rest" statute applies to, providing only that one day off from work is required every week; an unspecified weekly day off is a very widespread business production cycle. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/R._v._Big_M_Drug_Mart_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd.">R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd.</a></i> (1985) and <i><a href="/wiki/R._v._Edwards_Books_and_Art_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd.">R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd.</a></i> (1986), found some blue laws invalid for having no legitimate secular purpose, but others valid because they had no religious purpose. </p><p>The weekend is that period of the week set aside by custom or law for rest from labor. In many countries the non-working days are Saturday and Sunday, and in that case "the weekend" is often considered to begin when Friday's workday ends. This five-day workweek arose in <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a> when <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor unions</a> attempted to accommodate Jewish Sabbath, beginning at a <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mill</a> and also instituted by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> in 1926; it became standard in America by about 1940 and spread among English-speaking and European countries to become the international workweek.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> adopted it in 1995 and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> by 2006. Businesses in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and some other countries might follow either the international workweek or a more traditional plan that is nearly the same but includes half a day of work on Saturday. While <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> have the international workweek, in most Muslim countries Friday is the weekend, alone or with Thursday (all or half) or Saturday. Some universities permit a three-day weekend from Friday to Sunday. The weekend in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, is Friday (all or half) and Saturday. Only the one-day customary or legal weekends are usually called "Sabbath". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State-mandated_rest_days">State-mandated rest days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: State-mandated rest days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Blank_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Blank day">Blank day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese week">Chinese week</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Décadi">Décadi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet week">Soviet week</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sabbath" title="Special:EditPage/Sabbath">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>State-mandated rest days are widespread. Laws of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 220 CE) required imperial officials to rest on every <i>mu</i> (every fifth day), within a ten-day Chinese week. The rest day was changed to <i>huan</i> or <i>xún</i> (every tenth day) in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">reform calendar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> was used from 1793 to 1805. It used ten-day weeks, contained in twelve months of three weeks each; the five or six extra days needed to approximate the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">tropical year</a> were placed at the end of the year and did not belong to any month. The tenth day of each week, <i>décadi</i>, replaced Sunday as the day of rest and festivity in France. </p><p>From 1929 to 1931, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> mandated a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">five-day week</a> in which each day designated by color as a state rest day for a different 20% of the workforce; members of the same family did not usually have the same rest day. Three weeks each year were longer (six or seven days instead of five), because those weeks were interrupted by holidays. From 1931 to 1940, the Soviets mandated a six-day week, with state rest days for all upon the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, and 30th of each <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_month" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian month">Gregorian month</a>, as well as upon March 1. This also necessitated varying weeks of five to seven days over the year. </p><p>Among many calendar reform proposals that eliminate the constant <a href="/wiki/Seven-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven-day week">seven-day week</a> in exchange for simplified calculation of calendrical data like <a href="/wiki/Weekday_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekday names">weekday names</a> for given dates, some retain Sabbatical influences. The <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Lunar_Week_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermetic Lunar Week Calendar">Hermetic Lunar Week Calendar</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Moon_phases" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon phases">moon phases</a>, resulting in weeks of six to nine days. The <a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed Calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World Calendar</a> both use 364-day years containing exactly 52 weeks (each starting on a day designated as Sunday), with an additional one or two <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">intercalary</a> "blank" days not designated as part of any week (Year Day and Leap Day in the International Fixed Calendar; Worldsday and Leapyear Day in the World Calendar). Supporters of reform sought to accommodate Sabbatical observance by retaining the modified week and designating the intercalary days as additional Sabbaths or <a href="/wiki/Holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays">holidays</a>; however, religious leaders held that such days disrupt the traditional seven-day weekly cycle. This unresolved issue contributed to the cessation of calendar reform activities in the 1930s (International Fixed Calendar) and again in 1955 (World Calendar), though supporters of both proposals remain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subbotnik">Subbotnik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Subbotnik"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Subbotnik" title="Subbotnik">subbotnik</a> is a weekly day of volunteer work on Saturday in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, other (former) <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet republics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a>, sporadically observed since 1919. The <i>voskresnik</i> is a related volunteer workday on Sunday. They focus on community service work; "<a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>'s Subbotnik" was also observed annually around his birthday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabbatical">Sabbatical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sabbatical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a></div> <p>From the biblical sabbatical year came the modern concept of a <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a>, a prolonged, often one-year, hiatus in the career of an individual (not usually tied to a seven-year period). Such a period is often taken in order to fulfill some goal such as writing a book or traveling extensively for research. Some universities and other institutional employers of scientists, physicians, or academics offer paid sabbatical as an employee benefit, called "sabbatical leave"; some companies offer unpaid sabbatical for people wanting to take career breaks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sabbath">"Sabbath Definition & Meaning"</a>. Dictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sabbath+Definition+%26+Meaning&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fsabbath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Encyclopedia" title="World Book Encyclopedia">World Book Encyclopedia</a></i>, 2018 ed., s.v. "Jerusalem"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt35b13.htm#19">Nehemiah 13:19</a>, cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0323.htm#32">Leviticus 23:32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1058.htm#13">Isaiah 58:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt09b04.htm#23">2 Kings 4:23</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12962-sabbath">Jewish Encyclopedia: Sabbath</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fruchtenbaum, Arnold G. (2001). Israelology: the missing link in systematic theology. Tustin, Calif.: Ariel Ministries. pp. 595–601. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0914863053" title="Special:BookSources/0914863053">0914863053</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldberg, Louis A. (1980). Leviticus: A Study Guide Commentary. Grand Rapids:Zondervan Publishing House. p. 116. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310418139" title="Special:BookSources/9780310418139">9780310418139</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1982_34_01_00_olitzky.pdf">"The Sunday-Sabbath Movement in American Reform Judaism: Strategy or Evolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AmericanJewishArchives.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AmericanJewishArchives.org&rft.atitle=The+Sunday-Sabbath+Movement+in+American+Reform+Judaism%3A+Strategy+or+Evolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericanjewisharchives.org%2Fpublications%2Fjournal%2FPDF%2F1982_34_01_00_olitzky.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.gov.to/parliamentary-business/documents/constitution-of-tonga/file/115-constitution-of-tonga-revised-1988">"Constitution of Tonga"</a>. <i>Parliament of Tonga</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Tonga&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Tonga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.to%2Fparliamentary-business%2Fdocuments%2Fconstitution-of-tonga%2Ffile%2F115-constitution-of-tonga-revised-1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schaff’s History of the Christian Church, vol. III, chap. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldslastchance.com/wlc-challenge.html">"The WLC Sabbath Challenge"</a>. <i>Bible Prophecy | Online Bible Studies | Videos | WLC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Prophecy+%7C+Online+Bible+Studies+%7C+Videos+%7C+WLC&rft.atitle=The+WLC+Sabbath+Challenge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldslastchance.com%2Fwlc-challenge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/59.9-11?lang=eng">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Forgiveness" title="The Miracle of Forgiveness">The Miracle of Forgiveness</a></i>, pp. 96–97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/59?lang=eng">churchofjesuschrist.org D&C 59:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldsliving.com/18-Unique-LDS-Traditions-from-Around-the-World/s/88061">– Attending church on Friday</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/sabbath-day?lang=eng">churchofjesuschrist.org – Study by Topic – Sabbath</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">True to the Faith, p. 146 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/english/pdf/language-materials/36863_eng.pdf">https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/bc/content/shared/content/english/pdf/language-materials/36863_eng.pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2017)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelite-samaritans.com/religion/sabbath-observance/">"Sabbath Observance: How Israelite Samaritans Keep the Sabbath"</a>. <i>Israelite Samaritan Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israelite+Samaritan+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=Sabbath+Observance%3A+How+Israelite+Samaritans+Keep+the+Sabbath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelite-samaritans.com%2Freligion%2Fsabbath-observance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Do not light a fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day." Exodus 35:3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bsac/1908_430.pdf">"The Samaritan Sabbath"</a> by Jacob, Son of Aaron, The High Priest of The Samaritans at Shechem. pp. 441-442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinches,_T.G.1919" class="citation book cs1">Pinches, T.G. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofr10hast_0/page/888/mode/2up">"Sabbath (Babylonian)"</a>. In Hastings, James (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics</i>. Selbie, John A., contrib. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 889–891.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sabbath+%28Babylonian%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Ethics&rft.pages=889-891&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Pinches%2C+T.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediaofr10hast_0%2Fpage%2F888%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornby1983" class="citation book cs1">Hornby, Helen, ed. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/hornby_lights_guidance&chapter=2#n372"><i>Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="New Delhi, India">New Delhi, India</a>: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85091-46-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85091-46-4"><bdi>978-81-85091-46-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-15</span></span>. <q>III. Baháʼí: E. Miscellaneous Subjects: 372. Friday is Day of Rest in Baháʼí Calendar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lights+of+Guidance%3A+A+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Reference+File&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Publishing+Trust&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-81-85091-46-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fhornby_lights_guidance%26chapter%3D2%23n372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/08/where-the-five-day-workweek-came-from/378870/">"Where the Five-Day Workweek Came from"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Where+the+Five-Day+Workweek+Came+from&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2014%2F08%2Fwhere-the-five-day-workweek-came-from%2F378870%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2016/09/five-day-work-week-became-popular/">"How the Five Day Work Week Became Popular"</a>. 5 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Five+Day+Work+Week+Became+Popular&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayifoundout.com%2Findex.php%2F2016%2F09%2Ffive-day-work-week-became-popular%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabbath&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sabbath" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Sabbath">Sabbath</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sabbath" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sabbath">Sabbath</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Sabbath"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Sabbath">"Sabbath" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sabbath&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sabbath"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sabbath">"Sabbath" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 959–962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sabbath&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=959-962&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNekrutman,_David2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Nekrutman" title="David Nekrutman">Nekrutman, David</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yoursabbathinvitation.com/"><i>Your Sabbath Invitation: Partnership in God's Ultimate Celebration</i></a>. Isaiah Projects. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0578262512" title="Special:BookSources/978-0578262512"><bdi>978-0578262512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Sabbath+Invitation%3A+Partnership+in+God%27s+Ultimate+Celebration&rft.pub=Isaiah+Projects&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0578262512&rft.au=Nekrutman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yoursabbathinvitation.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASabbath" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 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