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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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<span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">南高加索语系</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。73种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ақарҭвел бызшәақәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақарҭвел бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartweliese_tale" title="Kartweliese tale – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kartweliese tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_kartvelianas" title="Luengas kartvelianas – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas kartvelianas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelisc_spr%C7%A3ch%C4%ABred" title="Kartvelisc sprǣchīred – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Kartvelisc sprǣchīred" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات كارتفيلية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات كارتفيلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llingües kartvelianes – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües kartvelianes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Картвел мацӀал – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Картвел мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvel_dill%C9%99ri" title="Kartvel dilləri – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kartvel dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کارتول دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارتول دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Картвель телдәре – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Картвель телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Картвэльскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Картвэльскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Картвелски езици – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Картвелски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_kartvelek" title="Yezhoù kartvelek – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù kartvelek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llengües kartvelianes – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües kartvelianes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Картвелийн меттанаш – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Картвелийн меттанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Kartvelské jazyky – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kartvelské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Картвел чĕлхисем – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Картвел чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Cartfeleg" title="Ieithoedd Cartfeleg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Cartfeleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelske_sprog" title="Kartvelske sprog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kartvelske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCdkaukasische_Sprachen" title="Südkaukasische Sprachen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Südkaukasische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kartvelian languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvela_lingvaro" title="Kartvela lingvaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kartvela lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_kartvelianas" title="Lenguas kartvelianas – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas kartvelianas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartveli_keeled" title="Kartveli keeled – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kartveli keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartveliar_hizkuntzak" title="Kartveliar hizkuntzak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kartveliar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های کارتولی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های کارتولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelilaiset_kielet" title="Kartvelilaiset kielet – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kartvelilaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_kartv%C3%A9liennes" title="Langues kartvéliennes – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues kartvéliennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BC%C3%BCdkaukaasisk_spriaken" title="Süüdkaukaasisk spriaken – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Süüdkaukaasisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_kartvelianas" title="Linguas kartvelianas – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas kartvelianas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות כרתווליות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות כרתווליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="कार्तवेली भाषाएँ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्तवेली भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelski_jezici" title="Kartvelski jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kartvelski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartv%C3%A9l_nyelvek" title="Kartvél nyelvek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kartvél nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քարթվելական լեզուներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարթվելական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kartvelia" title="Rumpun bahasa Kartvelia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Kartvelia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelsk_m%C3%A1l" title="Kartvelsk mál – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kartvelsk mál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_cartveliche" title="Lingue cartveliche – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue cartveliche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="カルトヴェリ語族 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルトヴェリ語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქართველური ენები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქართველური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="카르트벨리어족 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카르트벨리어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_kartvel%C3%AE" title="Zimanên kartvelî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên kartvelî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Kartvelianae" title="Linguae Kartvelianae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Kartvelianae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="КӀартӀвел чӀалар – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="КӀартӀвел чӀалар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_caucasian_sude" title="Linguas caucasian sude – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas caucasian sude" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvel%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Kartvelų kalbos – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kartvelų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelu_valodas" title="Kartvelu valodas – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kartvelu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_kartveliana" title="Fianakaviam-piteny kartveliana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny kartveliana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Картвелски јазици – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Картвелски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="കാർട്‌വേലിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർട്‌വേലിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartveelse_talen" title="Kartveelse talen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kartveelse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kartvelske språk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kartvelske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kartvelske språk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kartvelske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_kartvelianas" title="Lengas kartvelianas – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas kartvelianas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_kartwelskie" title="Języki kartwelskie – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki kartwelskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_kartv%C3%A9liche" title="Lenghe kartvéliche – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe kartvéliche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="کارتویلی بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارتویلی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_cartev%C3%A9licas" title="Línguas cartevélicas – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas cartevélicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Картвельские языки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Картвельские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kartvelian languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Картвелски језици – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Картвелски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvelska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kartvelska språk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kartvelska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்ட்வெலி மொழிகள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்ட்வெலி மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="กลุ่มภาษาคอเคซัสใต้ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาคอเคซัสใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kafkas_dilleri" title="Güney Kafkas dilleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney Kafkas dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Картвель телләре – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Картвель телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Картвельські мови – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Картвельські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="کارتویلی زبانیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارتویلی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvel_tillari" title="Kartvel tillari – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kartvel tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Kartvelia" title="Ngữ hệ Kartvelia – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Kartvelia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南高加索语系 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南高加索语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქართველური ნინეფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქართველური ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南高加索語系 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南高加索語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34030#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a 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vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&oldid=84730823" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&id=84730823&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258D%2597%25E9%25AB%2598%25E5%258A%25A0%25E7%25B4%25A2%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E7%25B3%25BB"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258D%2597%25E9%25AB%2598%25E5%258A%25A0%25E7%25B4%25A2%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E7%25B3%25BB"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div 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style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightgreen;">南高加索语系</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: lightgreen;"><span style="font-size: small;">卡特韦利亞语系</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">地理分佈</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="安纳托利亚">安纳托利亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="南高加索">南高加索</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">谱系学分类</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">世界上基本<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="语系">语系</a>之一</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">分支</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%87%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="斯凡语">斯凡语</a></div> <div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赞语系（页面不存在）">赞语系</a>（Zan） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="明格列尔语">明格列尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="拉兹语">拉兹语</a></li></ul></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">ISO 639-5</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><samp><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ccs" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ccs">ccs</a></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/300px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/450px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/600px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1111" /></a></span><br /><div style="text-align:left;">南高加索语系</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>南高加索语系</b>又称<b>卡特韦利亞语系</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞語">喬治亞語</a>：<span lang="ka">ქართველური ენები</span>，<small><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>：</small><span lang="ka-Latn" title="喬治亞語羅馬化">Kartveluri enebi</span>），世界上<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="语系">语系</a>之一，属于<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高加索诸语言">高加索诸语言</a>。语言人口约520万，主要分布于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>，也有少量分布在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>又可细分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%87%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="斯凡语">斯凡语</a>、赞语族（Zan languages，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="明格列尔语">明格列尔语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="拉兹语">拉兹语</a>），和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a>。下属语言主要以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="格鲁吉亚语字母">格鲁吉亚语字母</a>书写。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="南高加索语系劃分"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.AB.98.E5.8A.A0.E7.B4.A2.E8.AF.AD.E7.B3.BB.E5.8A.83.E5.88.86"></span>南高加索语系劃分</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：南高加索语系劃分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“南高加索语系”（高加索地区東南方，以喬治亞為主，又称“卡特韦利亞”）即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%9F%A6%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古卡特韦利亞語系（页面不存在）">古卡特韦利亞語系</a>。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古卡特维尔語系（页面不存在）">古卡特维尔語系</a>其下又分為斯凡语、赞语系，及格鲁吉亚语： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%87%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="斯凡语">斯凡语</a>(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sva">sva</a></span>)</li> <li>卡特-贊語群(Karto-Zan languages)下又分為赞语系，及格鲁吉亚语： <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赞语族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zan languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9E%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赞语族（页面不存在）">赞语族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Zan languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zan languages</span></a></span>）</span></span>下又分為拉兹语及明格列尔语： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="拉兹语">拉兹语</a>(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lzz">lzz</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="明格列尔语">明格列尔语</a>(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xmf">xmf</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a>下分為多種<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="古格鲁吉亚语">古格鲁吉亚语</a> (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=oge">oge</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a> (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kat">kat</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太-格鲁吉亚语（页面不存在）">犹太-格鲁吉亚语</a>（Gruzinic）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=jge">jge</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="南高加索语系樹"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E9.AB.98.E5.8A.A0.E7.B4.A2.E8.AF.AD.E7.B3.BB.E6.A8.B9"></span>南高加索语系樹</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：南高加索语系樹"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r78925524">.mw-parser-output .chart-content{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:separate}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .chart-content .ahnentafel{min-width:auto!important;width:100%!important}}</style> </p> <table class="chart-container" title=""> <tbody><tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; -moz-box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; box-shadow: 0px 2px 7px #555; ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%9F%A6%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古卡特韦利亞語系（页面不存在）">古卡特韦利亞語系</a></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td class="skin-invert" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px 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colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;"> </span></div></td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1194-16" class="extiw" title="ethnologuefamily:1194-16">Ethnologue entry about the Kartvelian language family</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Boeder, W. Speech and thought representation in the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) languages. In: Güldemann, T., von Roncador, M. (Eds.), Reported Discourse. A Meeting-Ground of Different Linguistic Domains. Typological Studies in Language, vol. 52. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, pp. 3–48. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Boeder&rft.btitle=Speech+and+thought+representation+in+the+Kartvelian+%28South+Caucasian%29+languages.+In%3A+G%C3%BCldemann%2C+T.%2C+von+Roncador%2C+M.+%28Eds.%29%2C+Reported+Discourse.+A+Meeting-Ground+of+Different+Linguistic+Domains.+Typological+Studies+in+Language%2C+vol.+52&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Amsterdam%2FPhiladelphia&rft.pub=Benjamins%2C+pp.+3%E2%80%9348&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Boeder, W. (2005). 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