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<li id="toc-Early_history_of_Revisionist_Zionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_of_Revisionist_Zionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history of Revisionist Zionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_of_Revisionist_Zionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Revisionist_Zionism_after_Israel's_establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Revisionist_Zionism_after_Israel's_establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>History of Revisionist Zionism after Israel's establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Revisionist_Zionism_after_Israel's_establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jabotinsky_and_Revisionist_Zionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jabotinsky_and_Revisionist_Zionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jabotinsky and Revisionist Zionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jabotinsky_and_Revisionist_Zionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irgun_Tsvai_Leumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irgun_Tsvai_Leumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Irgun Tsvai Leumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irgun_Tsvai_Leumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lehi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology_of_pre-state_Revisionist_Zionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_of_pre-state_Revisionist_Zionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ideology of pre-state Revisionist Zionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology_of_pre-state_Revisionist_Zionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jabotinsky's_position_towards_Fascism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jabotinsky's_position_towards_Fascism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Jabotinsky's position towards Fascism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jabotinsky's_position_towards_Fascism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_Irgun_to_the_Likud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_Irgun_to_the_Likud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>From the Irgun to the Likud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_Irgun_to_the_Likud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionistischer_Zionismus" title="Revisionistischer Zionismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Revisionistischer Zionismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صهيونية تصحيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صهيونية تصحيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionisme_revisionista" title="Sionisme revisionista – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sionisme revisionista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revizionistick%C3%BD_sionismus" title="Revizionistický sionismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Revizionistický sionismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionistischer_Zionismus" title="Revisionistischer Zionismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Revisionistischer Zionismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionistlik_sionism" title="Revisionistlik sionism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Revisionistlik sionism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_revisionista" title="Sionismo revisionista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sionismo revisionista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reviziisma_Cionismo" title="Reviziisma Cionismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reviziisma Cionismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_errebisionista" title="Sionismo errebisionista – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sionismo errebisionista" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionisme_r%C3%A9visionniste" title="Sionisme révisionniste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sionisme révisionniste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95_%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="수정 시온주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수정 시온주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ռևիզիոնիստական սիոնականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռևիզիոնիստական սիոնականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionisme_revisionis" title="Zionisme revisionis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zionisme revisionis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_revisionista" title="Sionismo revisionista – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sionismo revisionista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ציונות רוויזיוניסטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציונות רוויזיוניסטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionismo_revisiyonista" title="Zionismo revisiyonista – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Zionismo revisiyonista" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionistisch_zionisme" title="Revisionistisch zionisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Revisionistisch zionisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syjonizm_rewizjonistyczny" title="Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_revisionista" title="Sionismo revisionista – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sionismo revisionista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Ревизионизм (сионизм) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ревизионизм (сионизм)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revizionistick%C3%BD_sionizmus" title="Revizionistický sionizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Revizionistický sionizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revizionisti%C4%8Dki_cionizam" title="Revizionistički cionizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Revizionistički cionizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ревізіоністський сіонізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ревізіоністський сіонізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_ph%E1%BB%A5c_qu%E1%BB%91c_Do_Th%C3%A1i_x%C3%A9t_l%E1%BA%A1i" title="Chủ nghĩa phục quốc Do Thái xét lại – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa phục quốc Do Thái xét lại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syjonizm_rewizjonistyczny" class="extiw" title="pl:Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny">the corresponding article</a> in Polish</b>.  <i><small>(April 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at [[:pl:Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|pl|Syjonizm rewizjonistyczny}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Revisionist_Zionism" title="Talk:Revisionist Zionism">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revisionists_ideology.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Revisionists_ideology.jpg/220px-Revisionists_ideology.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Revisionists_ideology.jpg/330px-Revisionists_ideology.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Revisionists_ideology.jpg/440px-Revisionists_ideology.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="3729" /></a><figcaption>The Revisionist Zionist Union</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Revisionist Zionism</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Developed by <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, this ideology advocated a "revision" of the "<a href="/wiki/Practical_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Practical Zionism">practical Zionism</a>" of <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> which was focused on the settling of <i>Eretz Yisrael</i> (<a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>) by independent individuals. Differing from other <a href="/wiki/Types_of_Zionism" title="Types of Zionism">types of Zionism</a>, Revisionists insisted upon the Jewish right to sovereignty over the whole of <i>Eretz Yisrael</i>, which they equated to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>. It was the main ideological opponent to the dominant socialist <a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor Zionism</a>. </p><p>Revisionist Zionism directly opposed Labor Zionism within the general Zionist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revisionist Zionism had its own paramilitary group called the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, out of which another organization known as the <a href="/wiki/Stern_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Stern Gang">Stern Gang</a> emerged. Both the Irgun and the Stern Gang were responsible for several attacks against the British to try to expel them from Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, after the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist Executive">Zionist Executive</a> rejected Jabotinsky's political program and refused to state that "the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state", Jabotinsky resigned from the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a>. He founded the <i>New Zionist Organization</i> (NZO), known in Hebrew as <i>Tzakh</i>, to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its early years under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining support from Britain for settlement. Later, Revisionist groups independent of Jabotinsky initiated <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">campaigns against the British</a> to open up immigration during the 1930s following the <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a>, which severely limited Jews' right to immigrate at a time considered critical as the Nazis were gaining power. </p><p>Revisionist Zionism has strongly influenced modern right-wing <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> parties, principally <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a> and its successor <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_of_Revisionist_Zionism">Early history of Revisionist Zionism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png/220px-BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png/330px-BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png/440px-BritishMandatePalestine1930s.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>The British included <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> within the borders of the British Mandate for Palestine, at the same time excluding it from Jewish settlement.</figcaption></figure> <p>Revisionist Zionism was based on a vision of "political Zionism", which<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="his revision or political zionism in general (March 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jabotinsky regarded as following the legacy of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, the founder of modern political Zionism. His main demand was the creation of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a> on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, and was against partitioning Palestine with the Arabs, such as suggested by the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a>. </p><p>The 1921 <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Conference_(1921)" title="Cairo Conference (1921)">British establishment of</a> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> (the modern-day state of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>) adversely affected this goal, and it was a great setback for the movement. Before Israel achieved statehood in 1948, Revisionist Zionism became known for its advocacy of more belligerent, assertive postures and actions against both British and Arab control of the region. </p><p>Criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a> of 1922 sparked the establishment of the Revisionist Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central committee of the Revisionist Union defined its relationship with Great Britain as one of mutual loyalty but it was at odds with the mandatory administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, Revisionist leadership wanted clearly to define the relationship of the Revisionist movement and the British Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It supported the proposal of British MP <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood,_1st_Baron_Wedgwood" title="Josiah Wedgwood, 1st Baron Wedgwood">Josiah Wedgewood</a> to make Palestine a Seventh <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a> of the British Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal was ratified at the third Revisionist world conference which took place from December 26, 1928, to December 30, 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, the proposal was approved by the executive committee as part of its working plan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jabotinsky established the <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionist Party">Revisionist Party</a> in 1925 with the intention of replacing the <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">The 1929 riots</a> by Arabs in Palestine led to the radicalization of the Zionist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the dwindling of the General Zionist movement and the struggle for leadership in the 1931 elections to the 17th <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Congress" title="World Zionist Congress">Zionist Congress</a> between Revisionist Zionists and Labor Zionists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1929 elections to the 16th Congress, the Revisionists won only 7% of the votes, but in the 1931 elections, they won 21% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1931, Jabotinsky forced Chaim Weizmann to resign as president of the World Zionist Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky wanted to establish Revisionist Zionism as a separate movement that existed independent from the general Zionist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Revisionist delegates would not join Jabotinsky in announcing immediate secession from the Zionist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of Jabotinsky's idea to secede were <a href="/wiki/Abba_Ahimeir" title="Abba Ahimeir">Abba Ahimeir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uri_Zvi_Greenberg" title="Uri Zvi Greenberg">Uri Zvi Greenberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_von_Weisl" title="Wolfgang von Weisl">Zeev von Weisel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Jabotinsky created a political platform called 'The Ultimate Objective' which demanded that Congress proclaim that the ultimate objective of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state that had a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> If the Congress accepted the platform, that would indicate that it supported Revisionist ideas and leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> If it did not accept the platform, the Revisionists would secede. Ultimately, the platform was rejected after a cable was sent from Palestine by <a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Golomb" title="Eliyahu Golomb">Eliyahu Golomb</a> and Saadia Shoshani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The cable said that acceptance of the platform would lead to an Arab pogrom in Palestine. In response to the rejection of the platform, Jabotinsky tore up his membership card.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The debate over secession continued for two years until shortly before the elections for the 18th Congress in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In March 1933, three months before the elections, Jabotinsky suspended the activities of all party institutions and deposed all central party functionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also appointed himself sole leader of the Revisionist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1935, the Revisionists seceded from the World Zionist Organization because of its refusal to declare the establishment of a Jewish state as its immediate aim.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Revisionists formed the New Zionist Organization and elected Jabotinsky as its president.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Revisionist movement was threatened with bankruptcy in 1936 when Jabotinsky moved his headquarters from Paris to London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Revisionists opposed the World Zionist Organization's attempts to negotiate the <a href="/wiki/Haavara_Agreement" title="Haavara Agreement">Haavara trade agreement</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky attempted to get a motion passed to support an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Nazi_Boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Nazi Boycott">anti-Nazi boycott</a> which was defeated 249 to 43.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, Jabotinsky attempted to set up the Revisionist World Union as a boycott center, but this was also unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 10 Revisionist Zionist youth groups in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, one of which was <a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky became head of Betar in 1929, but the actual organization was founded by Aron Propes in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> joined Betar in 1929 in Poland and was head of the national unit, which was the largest branch of Betar in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Socialist Zionist youth movements in Poland warned of the rise of fascism in Poland in reference to the activities of Betar.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaim Weizmann, the president of the World Zionist organization, referred to Betar's connection with <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1934, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> organized a Betar squadron at <a href="/wiki/Civitavecchia" title="Civitavecchia">Civitavecchia</a> where 134 cadets were trained by the <a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their training was ended in 1937 after Mussolini aligned himself with Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main messages of Betar was that Jews would only be able to survive if they fought back against violence or even struck first through violent means.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Betar members defended Poland during the German invasion in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sosnoweic, Betar members joined Catholic Polish youth in a civilian defense battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sanok, Betar members set up bomb shelters and dug trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Bursztyn, Betar members joined a self-defense unit that was organized by Catholic Poles to defend against the possibility of a Ukrainian invasion into Polish territory.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky and Menachem Begin both expressed solidarity with Poland following the German invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, almost all of Betar's national leadership in Warsaw fled Poland because of rumors that German troops were executing Polish and Jewish political activists.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begin also fled Poland and proposed to a Polish officer that a Jewish brigade should be established within the Polish army to defend against a German attack.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the activists who had fled Poland returned to organize underground activity to resist the German troops occupying the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1937, Jabotinsky met with Marshall Edward Smygly-Rydz to arrange an alliance between Revisionist Zionist and the anti-semitic Polish regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky used the Polish press to call for the evacuation of 1.5 million Jews from eastern Europe, mostly from Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 1939, Poles set up a guerrilla training school for Revisionist Zionists at Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 25 members of the Irgun were brought to Poland from Palestine and were taught sabotage and insurrection by the Polish Army.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish Army also provided weapons for 10,000 men for a possible invasion of Palestine in April 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1939, Menachem Begin told the Irgun that he wanted the invasion to take place in October 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He planned to lead the Betar who would land on the beach at Tel Aviv and the Irgun would occupy the Government House in Jerusalem, hold it for 24 hours, and declare a provisional government.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Jabotinsky died or was arrested, Revisionists in Europe and America would proclaim a government-in-exile. Jabotinsky changed the invasion plan after the 1939 White Paper.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain restricted Zionist land purchases, limited immigration to 75,000 for the next five years, and suggested an Arab-dominated state be formed in the next 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Jabotinsky focused on creating another Jewish Legion.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only place where he could recruit people to join this organization was the United States and he did not arrive there until March 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also attempted to convince British politicians to help him recruit this army, but they did not agree to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British believed that they had Jewish support in their war against Nazi Germany and they believed that the creation of another Jewish Legion would create tension in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_Revisionist_Zionism_after_Israel's_establishment"><span id="History_of_Revisionist_Zionism_after_Israel.27s_establishment"></span>History of Revisionist Zionism after Israel's establishment</h3></div> <p>During the first two decades after the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> in May 1948, the main revisionist party, <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a> (founded in June 1948), remained in opposition. The party slowly began to revise its ideology in an effort to change this situation and to gain political power. While Begin maintained the Revisionist claim to Jewish sovereignty over all of Eretz Israel, by the late 1950s, control over the <a href="/wiki/East_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bank">East Bank</a> of the Jordan ceased to be integral to Revisionist ideology. Following Herut's merger with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (Israel)">Liberal Party</a> in 1965, references to the ideal of Jewish sovereignty over "both banks of the Jordan" appeared less and less frequently. By the 1970s, the legitimacy of the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_Kingdom_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan">Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan</a> was no longer questioned. In 1994 the complete practical abandonment of the "both banks" principle was apparent when an overwhelming majority of Likud <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> Members (MKs) voted in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace">Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Herut party in 1948 won 14 seats in the 1949 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official Revisionist party did not win any seats in the 1949 elections and would merge with Herut in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, Herut became Gahal after merging with the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gahal joined the government for the first time in 1967 and Menachem Begin became minister without portfolio in Levi Eshkol's government.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1970, Begin and his colleagues left the National Unity Government under Golda Meir as a protest against the Rogers Peace Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gahal would become Likud in 1973 after merging with three nationalist splinter groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, Menachem Begin and Likud took power in Israel, with Begin becoming Israel's prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menachem_Begin_2.jpg/220px-Menachem_Begin_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menachem_Begin_2.jpg/330px-Menachem_Begin_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Menachem_Begin_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Menachem Begin, member of the Irgun, founder of the Herut party, and former Prime Minister of Israel as a member of Likud</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Israel's capture of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> in the 1967 Six-Day War, Revisionism's territorial aspirations concentrated on these territories. These areas were far more central to ancient Jewish history than the East Bank of the Jordan and most of the areas within Israel's post-1949 borders. In 1968 Begin defined the "eternal patrimony of our ancestors" as "Jerusalem, Hebron, Bethlehem, Judea, [and] Shechem [Nablus]" in the West Bank. In 1973 Herut's election platform called for the annexation of the West Bank and Gaza. When Menachem Begin became leader of the broad Likud coalition (1973) and soon afterwards Prime Minister (in office: 1977–1983), he considerably modified Herut's expansive territorial aims. The party's aspiration to unite all of mandatory Palestine under Jewish rule was scaled down. Instead, Begin spoke of the historic unity of Israel in the West Bank, even hinting that he would make territorial concessions in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a> as part of a complete peace settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-PeretzME2day_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeretzME2day-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When Begin finally came to power in the <a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">1977 election</a>, his overriding concern as Prime Minister (1977–1983) was to maintain Israeli control over the West Bank and Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1983, following criticism of the Israeli war in Lebanon in 1982 and the <a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila massacre</a> carried out by Israel's Lebanese Christian allies, Begin resigned as prime minister of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begin was replaced by Yitzhak Shamir who was also a member of Likud in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another member of Likud, Benjamin Netanyahu, came from a family of Revisionist Zionists.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected prime minister of Israel in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jabotinsky_and_Revisionist_Zionism">Jabotinsky and Revisionist Zionism</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeev_Jabotinsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Zeev_Jabotinsky.jpg/220px-Zeev_Jabotinsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Zeev_Jabotinsky.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>, founder of Revisionist Zionism</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Jabotinsky was elected to the first legislative assembly in the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a>, and in 1921 he was elected to the Executive Council of the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a> (known as the World Zionist Organization after 1960). He quit the latter group in 1923, thanks mainly to differences of opinion with its chairman, <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a>. In 1925, Jabotinsky formed the <a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Revisionist Zionist Alliance</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Congress" title="World Zionist Congress">World Zionist Congress</a> to advocate his views, which included increased cooperation with Britain on transforming the entire <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandate for Palestine</a> territory, including Palestine itself and Transjordan, on opposite sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, into a sovereign Jewish state, loyal to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. To this end, Jabotinsky advocated for mass Jewish immigration from Europe and the creation of a second <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion" title="Jewish Legion">Jewish Legion</a> to guard a nascent Jewish state at inception. Jabotinsky wished to convince Britain that a Jewish state would be in the best interest of the British Empire, perhaps even an autonomous extension of it in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. </p><p>When, in 1935, the Zionist Organization failed to accept Jabotinsky's program, he and his followers seceded to form the <i>New Zionist Organization</i>. The NZO rejoined the ZO in 1946. The Zionist Organization was roughly composed of <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a>, who were in the majority, followers of Jabotinsky, who came in a close second, and <a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labour Zionists</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who comprised a minority yet had much influence where it mattered, in the <i>Yishuv</i>. </p><p>Despite its strong representation in the Zionist Organization, Revisionist Zionism had a small presence in the Yishuv, in contrast to Labour Zionism, which was dominant among <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzim</a> and workers, and hence the settlement enterprise. General Zionism was dominant among the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>, which later aligned itself with the Revisionists. In the Jewish Diaspora, Revisionism was most established in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, where its base of operations was organized in various political parties and Zionist Youth groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Betar_(youth_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betar (youth movement)">Betar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wdowiński_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wdowiński-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1930s, Revisionist Zionism was divided into three distinct ideological streams: the "Centrists", the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, and the "Messianists". </p><p>Jabotinsky later argued for establishing a base in the Yishuv and developed a vision to guide the Revisionist movement and the new Jewish society on economic and social policy centered around the ideal of the Jewish middle class in Europe. Jabotinsky believed that basing the movement on a philosophy contrasting with the socialist-oriented Labour Zionists would attract the support of the General Zionists. </p><p>In line with this thinking, the Revisionists transplanted into the Yishuv a youth movement, Betar. They also set up a paramilitary group, Irgun, a labour union, the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Federation_in_Eretz-Israel" title="National Labor Federation in Eretz-Israel">National Labor Federation in Eretz-Israel</a>, and health services. The latter were intended to counteract the increasing hegemony of Labour Zionism over community services via the <a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a> and address the Histadrut's refusal to make its services available to Revisionist Party members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irgun_Tsvai_Leumi">Irgun Tsvai Leumi</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irgun.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Irgun.png/220px-Irgun.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Irgun.png/330px-Irgun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Irgun.png/440px-Irgun.png 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>The emblem of the Irgun</figcaption></figure> <p>The paramilitary organization of the Revisionist movement was called the National Military Organization, or the Irgun. The Irgun (short for <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Irgun Tsvai Leumi</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> for "National Military Organization" <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ארגון צבאי לאומי</span></span>) had its roots initially in the <a href="/wiki/Betar_(youth_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betar (youth movement)">Betar</a> youth movement in Poland, which Jabotinsky founded. By the 1940s, they had transplanted many of its members from Europe and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to Palestine. </p><p>The Revisionists split from the Haganah in 1931 because they opposed its domination by the Histadrut.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They formed the "Haganah-B" which was commanded by a Revisionist Zionist, Abraham Tehomi.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Haganah B" was founded by Avraham Tehomi in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehomi led "Haganah-B" until December 1936 when he agreed to give the leadership position to Jabotinsky.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group did not became completely Revisionist until April 1937 when Tehomi and about a quarter of the 3,000 men in "Haganah-B" returned to the Haganah due to their support for the Mizrachi, General Zionists, and Jewish State Party.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Haganah B" was transformed into the Irgun after Tehomi split from the group to join the Haganah.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky initially adopted the Haganah's doctrine of self-restraint because he wanted a legal legion that was formally affiliated with the military and he thought that an illegal counterinsurgency would make that impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, once "Haganah B" became the Irgun, the organization became an independent underground organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Irgun carried out a number of attacks against the British and Arabs. In September 1937, the Irgun killed 13 Arabs which was said to be in retaliation for the deaths of three Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The summer of 1938 was the high point of the Irgun's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 6, 1938, the Irgun set off a bomb in a milk can in the Arab market in Haifa which killed 21 and injured 52.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 15, 1938, an electric mine in David Street in Jerusalem killed 10 and injured 30.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 25, 1938, the Irgun set off another bomb in the Arab market in Haifa which killed 35 and wounded 70.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 26, 1938, the Irgun set off a bomb in the market in Jaffa which killed 24 and injured 35.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the White Paper in 1939, the Irgun bombed British facilities. The British responded by arresting Irgun commander David Raziel in May.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, on August 31, 1939, the rest of the Irgun high command was apprehended while discussing Jabotinsky's plan to invade Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Irgun was commanded by Jabotinsky until his death in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menachem Begin commanded the Irgun from 1943 until the organization was dissolved in June 1948. In 1939, the Irgun called off their campaign against the British mandatory authorities for the duration of World War Two as the British fought against the Axis powers with the other Allied powers.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Acting often in conflict (but at times, also in coordination) with rival clandestine militias such as the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> (or Stern Group), the Irgun's efforts would feature prominently in the armed struggles against British and Arab forces alike in the 1930s and 1940s, and ultimately become decisive in the closing events of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena Affair</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lehi">Lehi</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_(blue_on_white).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Lehi_movement_%28blue_on_white%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Lehi movement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg/220px-SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg/330px-SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg/440px-SternGang-Doc-Nazi-Collaboration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>German covering letter attached to the January 1941 offer by Lehi. The offer was to "actively take part in the war on Germany's side" in return for German support for "the establishment of the historic Jewish state on a national and totalitarian basis".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A group of fighters with particularly militant views in the Irgun formed an underground movement called "The Fighters for the Freedom of Israel" or the Stern Gang.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group used terrorism and political assassinations to try to expel the British from Palestine. Following Israel's declaration of independence in May 1948, both the Irgun and the Stern Gang were dissolved and many of the organization's members joined the Israel Defense Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement called Lehi, and nicknamed the "Stern Gang" by the British, was led by <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Stern" title="Avraham Stern">Avraham "Yair" Stern</a> until his death. Stern did not join the <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Revisionist Zionist party</a> in university but instead joined another group called Hulda. He formed Lehi in 1940 as an offshoot from Irgun, which was initially named <i>Irgun Zvai Leumi be-Yisrael</i> (National Military Organization in Israel or NMO). Following Stern's death in 1942—shot by a British police officer—and the arrest of many of its members, the group went into eclipse until it was reformed as "Lehi" under a triumvirate of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Eldad" title="Israel Eldad">Israel Eldad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natan_Yellin-Mor" class="mw-redirect" title="Natan Yellin-Mor">Natan Yellin-Mor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a>. Shamir became the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> forty years later. </p><p>Stern viewed Zionism as a national liberation movement and supported armed struggle to achieve independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not want to wait until Britain's war against Nazi Germany was over to begin an armed revolt against the British occupation of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Irgun stopped its activities against the British during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, at least until 1944, Lehi continued <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> against the British authorities. It considered the British rule of Mandatory Palestine to be an illegal <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupation</a>, and concentrated its attacks mainly against British targets (unlike the other underground movements, which were also involved in fighting against Arab <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> groups). </p><p>Stern reached out to Nazi Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini since both of these regimes opposed the British.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War Two, the triumvirate that replaced Stern reached out to the Soviet Union to try to find an ally against Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology_of_pre-state_Revisionist_Zionism">Ideology of pre-state Revisionist Zionism</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Category:Conservatism in Israel">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Israel</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Jewish fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_conceptions_of_Jewish_identity_in_Zionism" title="Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietzschean_Zionism" title="Nietzschean Zionism">Nietzschean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral worship">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arabism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Arabism">Anti-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Islamism">Anti-Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Hebrew revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland for the Jewish people</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Christianity">Judeo-Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish supremacism">Jewish supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah#Zionist_aliyah_(1882_on)" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begin_Doctrine" title="Begin Doctrine">Begin Doctrine</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Gadna_(Israel)" title="Gadna (Israel)">Gadna</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism#Judaism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Eldad" title="Israel Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Ginsburgh" title="Yitzchak Ginsburgh">Ginsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ha'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klein" title="Aaron Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Levin" title="Yuval Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Lieberman" title="Saul Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ruppin" title="Arthur Ruppin">Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(rabbi)" title="David Samson (rabbi)">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Talmon" title="Jacob Talmon">Talmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Eitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Peretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Smotrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavam_Ze%27evi" title="Rehavam Ze'evi">Ze'evi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Wall_(essay)" title="Iron Wall (essay)">Iron Wall</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Israel" title="The Case for Israel">The Case for Israel</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Defending_Identity" title="Defending Identity">Defending Identity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Nationalism" title="The Virtue of Nationalism">The Virtue of Nationalism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservatism:_A_Rediscovery" title="Conservatism: A Rediscovery">Conservatism: A Rediscovery</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Israel)" title="New Right (Israel)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_Shelanu" title="Eretz Yisrael Shelanu">Eretz Yisrael Shelanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatikva_(political_party)" title="Hatikva (political party)">Hatikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moledet" title="Moledet">Moledet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehiya" title="Tehiya">Tehiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right-Wing_Parties" title="Union of Right-Wing Parties">Union of Right-Wing Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamina" title="Yamina">Yamina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im_Tirtzu" title="Im Tirtzu">Im Tirtzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Internet_Defense_Force" title="Jewish Internet Defense Force">Jewish Internet Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohelet_Policy_Forum" title="Kohelet Policy Forum">Kohelet Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machon_Meir" title="Machon Meir">Machon Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercaz_Olami" title="Mercaz Olami">Mercaz Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Israel" title="My Israel">My Israel</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhigut_Yehudit" title="Manhigut Yehudit">Manhigut Yehudit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mida_(website)" title="Mida (website)">Mida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_from_military_service_in_Israel" title="Exemption from military service in Israel">Non-conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torato_Umanuto" title="Torato Umanuto">Torato Umanuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Israel" title="Far-right politics in Israel">Far-right politics in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Judaism</a></li> <li>Immigration to Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Israel" title="African immigration to Israel">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_and_Entry_into_Israel_Law" title="Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law">Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Infiltration_Law" title="Prevention of Infiltration Law">Prevention of Infiltration Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_tag_attack_policy" title="Price tag attack policy">Price tag attack policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_camp" title="National camp">National camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Revisionist Zionist movement did not have a clearly defined ideology which was more of a feature of Zionists on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the stance of the movement was to reject the policies of the contemporary Zionist leadership under Chaim Weizmann.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lack of a coherent ideology was something the movement took pride in since it removed them from the brand of traditional party politics and did not emphasize identification with religion or social class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, despite the lack of a clear ideology, one clear belief of the original Revisionist leadership was the need to create a Jewish majority in Palestine despite the protests of the indigenous Arab population in the land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky would not accept the partition of Palestine into two states.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wanted a Jewish state that expanded over all of the Land of Israel, including the Emirate of Transjordan which had been established on the eastern part of the mandate of Palestine by the British.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two central points of the Revisionist program were that Trans-Jordan belonged to the Zionists and that the British must reconstitute the Jewish Legion as a permanent part of the military force in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British had dissolved the Jewish Legion and separated Trans-Jordan from the territory given to the Jewish state under the Balfour Declaration after World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ideologically, Revisionism advocated the creation of a Jewish state on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, that is, a state which would include all of present-day Israel, as well as the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> and either all or part of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. Nevertheless, the terms of the Mandate allowed the mandatory authority, Britain, to restrict Jewish settlement in parts of the mandate territory. In 1922, before the Mandate officially came into effect in 1923, <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_memorandum" class="mw-redirect" title="Transjordan memorandum">Transjordan was excluded</a> from the terms regarding Jewish settlement. In the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a> of 1922, the British Government had made clear that the intent expressed by the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> was that a Jewish National Home should be created 'in' Palestine, not that the whole of Palestine would become a Jewish National Home. All three Revisionist streams, including Centrists who advocated a British-style <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>, and the two more militant streams, which would become Irgun and Lehi, supported Jewish settlement on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>; in most cases, they differed only on how this should be achieved. (Some supporters within Labor Zionism, such as <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a>'s Ben-Gurion also accepted this interpretation for the Jewish homeland.) Jabotinsky wanted to gain the help of Britain in this endeavour, while Lehi and the Irgun, following Jabotinsky's death, wanted to conquer both sides of the river independently of the British. The Irgun stream of Revisionism opposed power-sharing with Arabs. In 1937, Jabotinsky rejected the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a>, which proposed a partition of Palestine between Jews and Arabs; it was however accepted by the Labor Zionists.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the topic of "<a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">transfer</a>" (expulsion of the Arabs), Jabotinsky's statements were ambiguous. In some writings he supported the notion, but only as an act of self-defense, in others he argued that Arabs should be included in the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democratic</a> society that he was advocating, and in others still, he completely disregarded the potency of Arab resistance to Jewish settlement, and stated that settlement should continue, and the Arabs be ignored. </p><p>Jabotinsky believed Arab opposition to Zionism was inevitable and that any efforts at reconciliation with Arabs would be unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that voluntary consent from the Arabs to turn Palestine into a country with a Jewish majority was not possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Jabotinsky anticipated that the Arabs would resist against Jewish settlement in Palestine, he believed that superior military force was the only way to make them accept a Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, Jabotinsky advocated for an "iron wall" to assist the Zionist movement, meaning that he wanted a military force independent of the Arab population that the Arabs would not be able to resist successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This military force would protect Jewish immigration to Palestine and would allow the goals of Zionism to be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the more radical and militant perspectives among Zionist thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jabotinsky believed that it was necessary for people to own private property in order to have liberty which was part of his anti-materialist, anti-communist world view.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this belief, he still promised that the bourgeois regime that he wanted to take power in the Jewish state would eliminate poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic crises of the Yishuv in 1926 and 1927 caused Revisionists to shift their support to urban development and private capital investment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five figures in particular contributed to the formation of Jabotinsky's ideology: English historian <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Buckle" title="Henry Thomas Buckle">Henry Thomas Buckle</a>, Italian philosopher and historian <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Benedetto Croce</a>, social reformer <a href="/wiki/Josef_Popper-Lynkeus" title="Josef Popper-Lynkeus">Josef Popper-Lynkeus</a>, philosopher <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Labriola" title="Antonio Labriola">Antonio Labriola</a>, and Spanish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Miguel de Unamuno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, Jabotinsky sympathized with the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> because of Garibaldi's emphasis on European nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garibaldi believed that it was necessary for the rich and poor of a country to unite through love of their homeland. The strong emphasis on nationalism translated into Jabotinsky's own ideas about establishing a Jewish homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jabotinsky's_position_towards_Fascism"><span id="Jabotinsky.27s_position_towards_Fascism"></span>Jabotinsky's position towards Fascism</h3></div> <p>Jabotinsky was unsympathetic towards fascism in his early years.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he became increasingly aligned with fascism during the 1930s, agreeing with the outlawing of strikes and militarism that fascism entailed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leftist propaganda described Jabotinsky as a fascist during the 1930s and he was seen as a fascist by many other Zionists.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky supported the outlawing of strikes because he was fervently anti-socialist and saw socialism as incompatible with Zionism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sympathetic to the ideology of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini during the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This changed when Mussolini aligned himself with Adolf Hitler, at which point Jabotinsky ceased to associate with Mussolini.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Jabotinsky retained his belief that the goals of Zionism could only be achieved by taking over Palestine through a military effort.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky organized the Jewish Legion which was a force of 5,000 soldiers that contributed to the British conquest of Palestine during World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Jabotinsky organized the Haganah in 1920 which became a central part of the Israeli army in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky ruled out the possibility of establishing a police state, whether it was under communist or fascist leadership due to his belief in the necessity of having a regime under which the individual could thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he still viewed fascism as a pragmatic option and believed that democracy had not worked well in any country except for England.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabotinsky said that there were three common factors between fascism and Revisionist Zionism which were the denial of a class struggle, "compulsory arbitration" of labor disputes, and prioritizing national interests over the interests of a specific social or economic class.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization of the Revisionist movement under Jabotinsky was flawed since Jabotinsky's control of the movement was akin to European far-right groups in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Irgun_to_the_Likud">From the Irgun to the Likud</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> largely followed the Centrists' ideals but it followed them with a much more hawkish outlook towards Britain's involvement in the Mandate, and it had an ardently nationalist vision of society and government. After the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, it was the Irgun wing of the Revisionist Party that formed <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a>, which in turn eventually formed the <a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a> party when Herut and the Liberal parties formed a united list called <i>Gush Herut Liberalim</i> (or the Herut-Liberal Bloc). In 1973 the new <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> Party was formed by a group of parties which were dominated by the Revisionist Herut/Gahal. After the <a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">1977 Knesset elections</a> it became the dominant party in a governing coalition, and up to the present day it has remained an important force in Israeli politics. In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">2006 elections</a>, Likud lost many of its seats to the <a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a> party which had formed the previous year when <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> and others split to the left from Likud. The Likud bounced back in Israel's <a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009 Knesset elections</a>, garnering 27 seats, though still outnumbered by Kadima's 28. In spite of the fact that these right-of-center parties favored a Likud-led coalition, a coalition in which the members of the Likud party comprised the majority; the Likud was chosen to form the coalition. The party re-emerged as the strongest party in the Knesset in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013 elections</a> and today it leads the government. In the years since the 1977 election, particularly in the last decade, Likud has undergone a number of splits to the right, including the 1998 departure of <a href="/wiki/Benny_Begin" title="Benny Begin">Benny Begin</a>, the son of Herut's founder <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (he rejoined Likud in 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Likud.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Likud.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Likud.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Likud.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Likud.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Likud.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Likud.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The party flag of Likud</figcaption></figure> <p>While the initial core group of Likud's leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Prime Minister">Israeli Prime Ministers</a> Begin and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> came from Likud's Herut faction, later leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> (whose <a href="/wiki/Benzion_Netanyahu" title="Benzion Netanyahu">father</a> was Jabotinsky's secretary) and Ariel Sharon, have come from or moved to the "pragmatic" Revisionist wing. </p><p>The Revisionist idea of establishing a Jewish homeland over all of the Land of Israel played a role in shaping the ideas of members of Likud.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir, two former Israeli prime ministers and members of Likud, were both inspired by Jabotinsky's ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menachem Begin opposed relinquishing the West Bank after Israel's victory in the Six-Day War.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he opposed UN Resolution 242 because it would mean relinquishing Israeli control over part of the Land of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begin believed that the historic right of Jews to the Land of Israel came before the Palestinian claim to the land.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shamir would not compromise on the issue of the borders of the Land of Israel and opposed the Camp David Accords.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another member of Likud and prime minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, accepted the Oslo Accords which was a diversion from the Revisionist idea of establishing a Jewish homeland over all of the Land of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Historiography_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">History of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish State">Jewish State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_Irgun_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable Irgun members">List of notable Irgun members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">religious Zionist</a> ideology which is based on Revisionist Zionism and the views of <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a> as well as the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a> party in Israel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Freedom_Alliance" title="Zionist Freedom Alliance">Zionist Freedom Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZouplna20083–27_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZouplna2008">Zouplna 2008</a>, pp. 3–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETzahor198815–25_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTzahor1988">Tzahor 1988</a>, pp. 15–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historiography-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historiography_3-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1996" class="citation journal cs1">Shlaim, Avi (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30245501">"Review: The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism"</a>. <i>Israel Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 278–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Likud+in+Power%3A+The+Historiography+of+Revisionist+Zionism&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=278-93&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30245501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Flisiak, Działalność syjonistów-rewizjonistów w Polsce w latach 1944/1945- 1950, Lublin 2020, s. 31-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner1983" class="citation journal cs1">Brenner, Lenni (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536926">"Zionism-Revisionism: The Years of Fascism and Terror"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 66–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2536926">10.2307/2536926</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536926">2536926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Zionism-Revisionism%3A+The+Years+of+Fascism+and+Terror&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-92&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2536926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536926%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Lenni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2017" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Daniel Kupfert (2017). <i>Jabotinsky's Children: Polish Jews and the Rise of Right-Wing Zionism</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 67–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-69117475-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-69117475-4"><bdi>978-0-69117475-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jabotinsky%27s+Children%3A+Polish+Jews+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Zionism&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=67-238&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-69117475-4&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Kupfert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelef2004" class="citation journal cs1">Shelef, Nadav (Spring 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/israel_studies/v009/9.1shelef.html">"From 'Both Banks of the Jordan' to the 'Whole Land of Israel': Ideological Change in Revisionist Zionism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Studies" title="Israel Studies">Israel Studies</a></i>. <b>9</b>: 125–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=From+%27Both+Banks+of+the+Jordan%27+to+the+%27Whole+Land+of+Israel%27%3A+Ideological+Change+in+Revisionist+Zionism&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=125-48&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shelef&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fisrael_studies%2Fv009%2F9.1shelef.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PeretzME2day-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PeretzME2day_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeretz1994" class="citation cs2">Peretz, Don (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UqfHROAUevsC"><i>The Middle East today</i></a>, pp. 318–9, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-27594576-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-27594576-3"><bdi>978-0-27594576-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+today&rft.pages=318-9&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-27594576-3&rft.aulast=Peretz&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUqfHROAUevsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeleg1987" class="citation cs2">Peleg, Ilan (1987), <i>Begin's Foreign Policy 1977–83</i>, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Begin%27s+Foreign+Policy+1977%E2%80%9383&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Peleg&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofer1988" class="citation cs2">Sofer, Sasson (1988), <i>Begin: an anatomy of leadership</i>, London: Blackwell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Begin%3A+an+anatomy+of+leadership&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Sofer&rft.aufirst=Sasson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wdowiński-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wdowiński_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWdowiński,_David1963" class="citation book cs1">Wdowiński, David (1963). <i>And We Are Not Saved</i>. New York: Philosophical Library. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-80222486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-80222486-5"><bdi>0-80222486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+We+Are+Not+Saved&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-80222486-5&rft.au=Wdowi%C5%84ski%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Chariton and Lazar were never co-authors of Wdowiński's memoir. Wdowiński is considered the "single author".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller1995" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Joseph (1995). <i>The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–49</i>. Frank Cass. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-4558-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-4558-3"><bdi>0-7146-4558-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stern+Gang%3A+Ideology%2C+Politics+and+Terror%2C+1940%E2%80%9349&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7146-4558-3&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelef2018" class="citation book cs1">Shelef, Nadav (2018). <i>Evolving Nationalism: Homeland, Identity, and Religion in Israel, 1925-2005</i>. Cornell University Press. pp. 29, 83–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-50172987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-50172987-4"><bdi>978-1-50172987-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolving+Nationalism%3A+Homeland%2C+Identity%2C+and+Religion+in+Israel%2C+1925-2005&rft.pages=29%2C+83-84&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-50172987-4&rft.aulast=Shelef&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJabotinsky1923" class="citation book cs1">Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1923). <i>On the Iron Wall</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Iron+Wall&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Jabotinsky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller1998" class="citation journal cs1">Heller, Joseph (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20101342">"Zeev Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Revolt against Materialism: In Search of a World View"</a>. <i>Jewish History</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 51–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02335498">10.1007/BF02335498</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20101342">20101342</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153330339">153330339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=Zeev+Jabotinsky+and+the+Revisionist+Revolt+against+Materialism%3A+In+Search+of+a+World+View&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=51-67&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153330339%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20101342%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02335498&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20101342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.likud.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94">"ההיסטוריה של התנועה"</a> [History of the Movement]. <i><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">הליכוד - תנועה לאומית ליברלית</a></i> (in Hebrew). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215011036/https://www.likud.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93+-+%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.likud.org.il%2F%25D7%25A2%25D7%259C-%25D7%2594%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%2F%25D7%2594%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2594-%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C-%25D7%2594%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%2594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner1983" class="citation cs2">Brenner, Lenni (1983), "Zionism-Revisionism: The Years of Fascism and Terror", <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 66–92</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Zionism-Revisionism%3A+The+Years+of+Fascism+and+Terror&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-92&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Lenni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlisiak2020" class="citation cs2">Flisiak, D (2020), <i>Działalność syjonistów-rewizjonistów w Polsce w latach 1944/1945–1950</i>, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Tygiel Sp. z o.o., pp. 31–32</cite><span 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title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-17475-4"><bdi>978-0-691-17475-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jabotinsky%27s+Children%3A+Polish+Jews+and+the+Rise+of+Right-Wing+Zionism&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=67-238&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-691-17475-4&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Kupfert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller1995" class="citation cs2">Heller, Joseph (1995), <i>The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940–49</i>, Frank Cass, p. 86, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-4558-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-4558-3"><bdi>0-7146-4558-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stern+Gang%3A+Ideology%2C+Politics+and+Terror%2C+1940%E2%80%9349&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7146-4558-3&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller1998" class="citation cs2">——— (1998), "Zeev Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Revolt against Materialism: In Search of a World View", <i>Jewish History</i>, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 51–67</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+History&rft.atitle=Zeev+Jabotinsky+and+the+Revisionist+Revolt+against+Materialism%3A+In+Search+of+a+World+View&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=51-67&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJabotinsky1923" class="citation cs2">Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1923), <i>On the Iron Wall</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Iron+Wall&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Jabotinsky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeleg1987" class="citation cs2">Peleg, Ilan (1987), <i>Begin's Foreign Policy, 1977–83</i>, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Begin%27s+Foreign+Policy%2C+1977%E2%80%9383&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Peleg&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeretz1994" class="citation cs2">Peretz, Don (1994), <i>The Middle East today</i>, pp. 318–9, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94576-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94576-3"><bdi>978-0-275-94576-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+today&rft.pages=318-9&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94576-3&rft.aulast=Peretz&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelef2004" class="citation cs2">Shelef, Nadav (Spring 2004), "From 'Both Banks of the Jordan' to the 'Whole Land of Israel': Ideological Change of Revisionist Zionism", <i>Israel Studies</i>, vol. 9, pp. 125–48</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=From+%27Both+Banks+of+the+Jordan%27+to+the+%27Whole+Land+of+Israel%27%3A+Ideological+Change+of+Revisionist+Zionism&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=125-48&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shelef&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelef2018" class="citation cs2">——— (2018), <i>Evolving Nationalism: Homeland, Identity, and Religion in Israel, 1925–2005</i>, Cornell University Press, pp. 29, 83–4, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2987-4"><bdi>978-1-5017-2987-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolving+Nationalism%3A+Homeland%2C+Identity%2C+and+Religion+in+Israel%2C+1925%E2%80%932005&rft.pages=29%2C+83-4&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-2987-4&rft.aulast=Shelef&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1996" class="citation cs2">Shlaim, Avi (1996), "Review: The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism", <i>Israel Studies</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 278–93</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Likud+in+Power%3A+The+Historiography+of+Revisionist+Zionism&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=278-93&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofer1988" class="citation cs2">Sofer, Sasson (1988), <i>Begin, an anatomy of leadership</i>, London: Blackwell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Begin%2C+an+anatomy+of+leadership&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Sofer&rft.aufirst=Sasson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTzahor1988" class="citation cs2">Tzahor, Zeev (February 1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1396118">"The Struggle between the Revisionist Party and the Labor Movement: 1929–1933"</a>, <i>Modern Judaism</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 15–25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Judaism&rft.atitle=The+Struggle+between+the+Revisionist+Party+and+the+Labor+Movement%3A+1929%E2%80%931933&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-25&rft.date=1988-02&rft.aulast=Tzahor&rft.aufirst=Zeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1396118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWdowiński1963" class="citation cs2">Wdowiński, David (1963), <i>And We Are Not Saved</i>, New York: Philosophical Library, p. 222, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8022-2486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8022-2486-5"><bdi>0-8022-2486-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+We+Are+Not+Saved&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-8022-2486-5&rft.aulast=Wdowi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>. Note: Chariton and Lazar were not co-authors of Wdowiński's memoir. Wdowiński is considered the "single author".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZouplna2008" class="citation cs2">Zouplna, Jan (2008), "Revisionist Zionism: Image, Reality and the Quest for Historical Narrative", <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 3–27, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200701711754">10.1080/00263200701711754</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144049644">144049644</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Revisionist+Zionism%3A+Image%2C+Reality+and+the+Quest+for+Historical+Narrative&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-27&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200701711754&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144049644%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zouplna&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Likud" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215011036/https://www.likud.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94"><i>ההיסטוריה של התנועה</i></a> [<i>History of the Movement</i>] (in Hebrew), <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">IL</a>: <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">הליכוד - תנועה לאומית ליברלית</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.likud.org.il/%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93/%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94">the original</a> on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94&rft.place=IL&rft.pub=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93+-+%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.likud.org.il%2F%25D7%25A2%25D7%259C-%25D7%2594%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%259B%25D7%2595%25D7%2593%2F%25D7%2594%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2594-%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C-%25D7%2594%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%2594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, A.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/30245501">"The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Studies" title="Israel Studies">Israel Studies</a></i>. <b>1</b> (2): 278–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2FISR.1996.1.2.278">10.2979/ISR.1996.1.2.278</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30245501">30245501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144637794">144637794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Likud+in+Power%3A+The+Historiography+of+Revisionist+Zionism&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=278-93&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144637794%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30245501%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2FISR.1996.1.2.278&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30245501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARevisionist+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zionism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zionism" title="Template:Zionism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zionism" title="Template talk:Zionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zionism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerida" title="Yerida">Yerida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Jewish_state" title="Proposals for a Jewish state">proposals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_and_Stockade" title="Tower and Stockade">Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negation_of_the_Diaspora" title="Negation of the Diaspora">Negation of the Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Revival of the Hebrew language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">Hebraization of surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization" title="Judaization">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zionism-template.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence"><img alt="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/45px-Zionism-template.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/68px-Zionism-template.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Zionism-template.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_Zionism" title="Types of Zionism">Ideologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Zionism" title="Reform Zionism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Zionism" title="Federal Zionism">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Zionism" title="Proto-Zionism">Proto-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Zionism" title="Non-Zionism">Non-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanism" title="Canaanism">Canaanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddishist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Golus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Zionist_organizations" title="Category:Zionist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovevei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovevei Zion">Hovevei Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilu_(movement)" title="Bilu (movement)">Bilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_General_Council" title="Zionist General Council">Zionist General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Germany" title="Zionist Federation of Germany">Zionist Federation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_Canada" title="Zionist Organization of Canada">Zionist Organization of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionists_of_America" title="Religious Zionists of America">Religious Zionists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Council" title="Jewish National Council">Jewish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim Dror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaNoar_HaTzioni" title="HaNoar HaTzioni">HaNoar HaTzioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)">Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Romania)" title="Jewish Party (Romania)">Jewish Party (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Resistance_Movement" title="Jewish Resistance Movement">Jewish Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">Women's International Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytzim" title="Aytzim">Aytzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zionist_Movement" title="American Zionist Movement">American Zionist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am_Yisrael_Foundation" title="Am Yisrael Foundation">Am Yisrael Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland">Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fellowship_of_Christians_and_Jews" title="International Fellowship of Christians and Jews">International Fellowship of Christians and Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefesh_B%27Nefesh" title="Nefesh B'Nefesh">Nefesh B'Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Birthright Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">History and<br />timelines</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Aliyah_in_modern_times" title="Chronology of Aliyah in modern times">Chronology of Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">History of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">UN General Assembly Resolution 3379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_46/86" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86">UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Zionism" title="Timeline of Zionism">Timeline of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Day" title="Herzl Day">Herzl Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Day" title="Jabotinsky Day">Jabotinsky Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_Day" title="Ben-Gurion Day">Ben-Gurion Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Day" title="Rabin Day">Rabin Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zionists" title="List of Zionists">List of Zionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_one_inch" title="Not one inch">Not one inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Jewish emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_Judaism" title="Muscular Judaism">Muscular Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Muslim supporters of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_except_Palestine" title="Progressive except Palestine">Progressive except Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zio_(pejorative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zio (pejorative)">Zio (pejorative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpan" title="Ulpan">Ulpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" 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