CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Welsh cuisine - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"475af32c-0de5-423e-ae59-2caa163ff5f4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Welsh_cuisine","wgTitle":"Welsh cuisine","wgCurRevisionId":1258810341,"wgRevisionId":1258810341,"wgArticleId":50034045,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Articles with excerpts","Articles containing Welsh-language text","Webarchive template wayback links","Welsh cuisine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Welsh_cuisine","wgRelevantArticleId":50034045,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1066586","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/1200px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/800px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/640px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Welsh cuisine - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_cuisine"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_cuisine"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Welsh_cuisine rootpage-Welsh_cuisine skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Welsh+cuisine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Welsh+cuisine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Welsh+cuisine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Welsh+cuisine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regional variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Produce</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produce-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Produce subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meat_and_fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat_and_fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Meat and fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat_and_fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dairy_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dairy_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dairy products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dairy_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cereals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cereals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cereals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cereals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Vegetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Welsh dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beverages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Beer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viticulture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viticulture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Viticulture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viticulture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whisky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whisky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Whisky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whisky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eating_out" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eating_out"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eating out</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eating_out-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Welsh cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="مطبخ ويلزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ ويلزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_de_Gal%C2%B7les" title="Gastronomia de Gal·les – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia de Gal·les" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Velšská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velšská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coginiaeth_Cymru" title="Coginiaeth Cymru – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coginiaeth Cymru" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_Gales" title="Gastronomía de Gales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de Gales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_galloise" title="Cuisine galloise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine galloise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="웨일스 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨일스 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Ուելսյան խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուելսյան խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_gallese" title="Cucina gallese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina gallese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahan_Wales" title="Olahan Wales – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olahan Wales" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="უელსური სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უელსური სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Велшка кујна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Велшка кујна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="ウェールズ料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェールズ料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_do_Pa%C3%ADs_de_Gales" title="Culinária do País de Gales – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária do País de Gales" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Валлийская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валлийская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walesilainen_keitti%C3%B6" title="Walesilainen keittiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Walesilainen keittiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Валлійська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валлійська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="威爾斯飲食 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威爾斯飲食" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1066586#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Welsh_cuisine" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Welsh_cuisine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Welsh_cuisine" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&oldid=1258810341" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Welsh_cuisine&id=1258810341&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWelsh_cuisine"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWelsh_cuisine"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Welsh_cuisine&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_Wales" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_Wales" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1066586" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of Wales</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh_cakes2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/262px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/393px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Welsh_cakes2.jpg/524px-Welsh_cakes2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cake" title="Welsh cake">Welsh cakes</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg/255px-Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg/383px-Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg/510px-Fish_and_chips_blackpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> National cuisines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Regional cuisines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Carmarthenshire" title="Cuisine of Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Monmouthshire" title="Cuisine of Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Pembrokeshire" title="Cuisine of Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ceredigion" title="Cuisine of Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_cuisine" title="Cornish cuisine">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Overseas/Fusion cuisine</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balti_(food)" title="Balti (food)">Balti curries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_cuisine" title="Bermudian cuisine">Bermudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Virgin_Islands#Cuisine" title="Culture of the Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Cayman_Islands#Cuisine" title="Culture of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Falkland_Islands#Cuisine" title="Culture of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Montserrat" title="Cuisine of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands#Culture" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> People</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_chefs" title="Category:British chefs">British chefs</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_cuisine" title="Template:British cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_cuisine" title="Template talk:British cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Wales" title="Category:Wales">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture of Wales</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Wales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/150px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/225px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/300px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Colonies</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Y Fro Gymraeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Welsh_language" title="History of the Welsh language">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_placenames" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh placenames">Welsh placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-medium_education" title="Welsh-medium education">Welsh-medium education</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Romani_language" title="Welsh Romani language">Welsh Romani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume" title="Traditional Welsh costume">Traditional Welsh costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li> <li>Land division (<a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantref" title="Cantref">Cantref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Wales">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_brith" title="Bara brith">Bara brith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverbread" title="Laverbread">Bara Lafwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">Cawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek_soup" title="Leek soup">Cawl Cennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crempog" title="Crempog">Crempog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Gower cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_sausage" title="Glamorgan sausage">Selsig Morgannwg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatws_Pum_Munud" title="Tatws Pum Munud">Tatws Pum Munud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Full_Welsh_breakfast" title="Full breakfast">Welsh breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cake" title="Welsh cake">Welsh cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_dishes" title="List of Welsh dishes">Welsh dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Wales" title="List of restaurants in Wales">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_festivals_in_Wales" title="List of food festivals in Wales">Food festivals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_festival_days_of_Wales" title="Traditional festival days of Wales">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calennig" title="Calennig">Calennig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dydd_Santes_Dwynwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dydd Santes Dwynwen">Dydd Santes Dwynwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David%27s_Day" title="Saint David's Day">Saint David's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Mabsant" title="Gŵyl Mabsant">Gŵyl Mabsant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_holidays#Gŵyl_San_Steffan" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh holidays">Gŵyl San Steffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Wales" title="List of festivals in Wales">List of festivals in Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales#History" title="Religion in Wales">Religion in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain#Christianity" title="Roman Britain">Christianity in Roman Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church of England and Wales">Catholic Church of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite#British_(i.e._Welsh,_Cornish,_or_Breton)" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubricius" title="Dubricius">Dubricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Teilo">Teilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Bible">Welsh Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Salesbury" title="William Salesbury">William Salesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(Bible_translator)" title="William Morgan (Bible translator)">William Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="1904–1905 Welsh Revival">1904–1905 Welsh Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales#Disestablishment" title="Church in Wales">Disestablishment of Church in Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Wales">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Wales">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">in Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Welsh_literature" title="Medieval Welsh literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_language_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Welsh language authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_language_poets_(6th_century_to_c.1600)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Welsh language poets (6th century to c.1600)">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_historical_documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh historical documents">Welsh historical documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Welsh-language comics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_dance" title="Welsh dance">Welsh dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_stepdance" title="Welsh stepdance">Welsh stepdance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerdd_Dant" title="Cerdd Dant">Cerdd Dant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">Crwth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymanfa_Ganu" title="Cymanfa Ganu">Cymanfa Ganu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynghanedd" title="Cynghanedd">Cynghanedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilidh">Noson Lawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibgorn_(instrument)" title="Pibgorn (instrument)">Pibgorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabwrdd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_harp" title="Triple harp">Triple harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twmpath" title="Twmpath">Twmpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_bagpipes" title="Welsh bagpipes">Welsh bagpipes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Wales">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Wales" title="Radio in Wales">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Wales" title="Sport in Wales">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_Wales" title="Boxing in Wales">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Wales" title="Cricket in Wales">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Wales" title="Football in Wales">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_in_Wales" title="Golf in Wales">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing_in_Wales" title="Horse racing in Wales">Horse Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Baseball">Pel-Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Pêl-Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_Wales" title="Rugby league in Wales">Rugby League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Wales" title="Rugby union in Wales">Rugby Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Wales" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Wales">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" title="Flag of Wales">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Wales">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Wales">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_David" title="Flag of Saint David">Flag of Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">Other flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_heraldry" title="Welsh heraldry">Welsh heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Celtic knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Welsh inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Wales" title="Template:Culture of Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Wales" title="Template talk:Culture of Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Welsh cuisine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Ceginiaeth Cymreig</i>) encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. While there are many dishes that can be considered Welsh due to their ingredients and/or history, dishes such as <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">cawl</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laverbread" title="Laverbread">laverbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_cake" title="Welsh cake">Welsh cakes</a>, <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Bara_brith" title="Bara brith">bara brith</a></i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_sausage" title="Glamorgan sausage">Glamorgan sausage</a> have all been regarded as symbols of Welsh food. Some variation in dishes exists across the country, with notable differences existing in the <a href="/wiki/Gower_Peninsula" title="Gower Peninsula">Gower Peninsula</a>, a historically isolated rural area which developed self-sufficiency in food production (see <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Cuisine of Gower</a>). </p><p>While some culinary practices and dishes have been imported from other parts of Britain, uniquely Welsh cuisine grew principally from the lives of Welsh working people, largely as a result of their isolation from outside culinary influences and the need to produce food based on the limited ingredients they could produce or afford. <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming_in_Wales" title="Sheep farming in Wales">Sheep farming</a> is practised extensively in Wales, with <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb and mutton</a> being the meats most traditionally associated with the country. <a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy cattle</a> are also raised widely, and there is a strong fishing culture. <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a> are common and <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> features widely in Welsh cuisine. </p><p>Vegetables, beyond <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leeks</a>, were historically rare. The leek has been a national symbol of Wales for at least 400 years and <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> refers to the Welsh custom of wearing a leek in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1970s the number of restaurants and <a href="/wiki/Gastropubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastropubs">gastropubs</a> in Wales has increased significantly and by 2024 there were six <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin starred</a> restaurants located in the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"the effects of a self-denying Puritanical religion and much past hardship understandably colour Welsh attitudes to their native cookery. Even today a discussion of the subject is apt to generate a surprising amount of heat – I have been treated to more than one lecture on the frivolity of studying the history of Welsh food!'" </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Bobby Freeman in <i>First Catch Your Peacock: The Classic Guide to Welsh Food</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>There are few written records of traditional Welsh foods; recipes were held within families and passed down orally between the women of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lack of records was highlighted by Mati Thomas in 1928, who made a unique collection of 18th century "Welsh Culinary Recipes" as an award-winning <a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a> entry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those with the skills and inclination to write Welsh recipes, the upper classes, conformed to English styles and therefore would not have run their houses with traditional Welsh cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional cookery of Wales originates from the daily meals of peasant folk, unlike other cultures where meals often started in the kitchens of the gentry and would be adapted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_(f.5.r)_Kissing_couple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg/220px-Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg/330px-Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg/440px-Laws_of_Hywel_Dda_%28f.5.r%29_Kissing_couple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Page from the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Hywel Dda">Laws of Hywel Dda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Historically the King of the Welsh people would travel, with his court, in a circuit, demanding tribute in the form of food from communities they visited as they went. The tribute was codified in the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Hywel_Dda" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Hywel Dda">Laws of Hywel Dda</a>, showing that people lived on beer, bread, meat and dairy products, with few vegetables beyond cabbages and leeks. The laws show how much value was put on different parts of Welsh life at the time, for example that wealth was measured in cattle;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they also show that the court included hunters, who would be restricted to seasonal hunting. </p><p>Food would be cooked in a single <a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">cauldron</a> over an open fire on the floor; it would likely be reheated and topped up with fresh ingredients over a number of days. Some dishes could be cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Bakestone" title="Bakestone">bakestone</a>, a flat stone placed above a fire to heat it evenly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a>, chaplain to <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a>, wrote after an 1188 tour of Wales, "The whole population lives almost entirely on oats and the produce of their herds, milk, cheese and butter. You must not expect a variety of dishes from a Welsh kitchen, and there are no highly-seasoned titbits to whet your appetite."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medieval Welsh used thyme, savory, and mint in the kitchen, but in general herbs were much more likely to be used for medicinal purposes than culinary ones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199648_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199648-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the 18th century, Welsh land owners divided up the land to allow for <a href="/wiki/Tenant_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenant farming">tenant-based</a> farming. Each small holding would include vegetable crops, as well as a cow, pigs and a few chickens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 18th and 19th centuries were a time of unrest for the Welsh people. The Welsh food riots began in 1740, when colliers blamed the lack of food on problems in the supply, and continued throughout Wales as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The worst riots happened in the 1790s after a grain shortage, which coincided with political upheaval in the form of forced military service and high taxes on the roads, leaving farmers unable to make a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of riots by colliers in the mid-1790s,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016174_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016174-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> magistrates in Glamorgan sold the rioters corn at a reduced price. At the same time they also requested military assistance from the government to stop further rioting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016181_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016181-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the close-knit nature of the poor communities, and the slightly higher status of the farmers above the labourers,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rioters generally blamed the farmers and corn merchants, rather than the gentry.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of food riots had ended by 1801, and there were certain political undertones to the actions, though lack of leadership meant that little came of it.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1870s, 60% of Wales was owned by 570 families, most of whom did no farming. Instead, they employed workers, who were forced to vote <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a> or lose their jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyck200244_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyck200244-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the end of the 19th century, the increase in <a href="/wiki/Coal_industry_in_Wales" title="Coal industry in Wales">coal mining</a> and steel works around Wales led to the immigration of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Italians" title="Welsh Italians">Italian workers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The workers brought families who integrated their culture into Welsh society, bringing with them Italian ice cream and Italian cafes, now a staple of Welsh society.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, isolated communities were unable to access produce that the majority of Britain would such as <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">peppers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aubergine" class="mw-redirect" title="Aubergine">aubergines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artisan Welsh produce was limited or non-existent, farms rarely made their own cheese, and Welsh wine was of poor quality. By the 1990s, historical Welsh foods were going through a revival. Farmers' markets became more popular, Welsh organic vegetables and farm-made cheese started to appear in supermarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other modern Welsh characteristics are more subtle, such as supermarkets offering salty butters and laverbread or butchers labelling <a href="/wiki/Skirt_steak" title="Skirt steak">beef skirt</a> as 'cawl meat'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199651_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199651-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Restaurants are promoting the quality of Welsh ingredients, encouraging people to purchase Welsh produce and creating new dishes using them. This has meant that Welsh products can find their way into the higher-priced <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">delicatessens</a> of London or North America. However, the regular diet of Welsh people has been more influenced by India, China and America. The most popular dish is <a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka_masala" title="Chicken tikka masala">chicken tikka masala</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">burgers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chow_mein" title="Chow mein">chow mein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Food_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Food-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Cuisine of Gower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Neath_Port_Talbot" title="Cuisine of Neath Port Talbot">Cuisine of Neath Port Talbot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Swansea" title="Cuisine of Swansea">Cuisine of Swansea</a></div> <p>There are some variations in the foods that are eaten around the different areas of Wales. These variations trace their roots back to medieval cooking. Ingredients were historically limited by what could be grown; the wetter climate in highland areas meant that crops were restricted to oats, whilst the more fertile lowland areas allowed the growth of barley or wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coastal inhabitants were more likely to include seafood or seaweed in their meals, whilst those living inland would supplement their farmed cereals with the seeds of <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">land weeds</a> to ensure there was enough to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The invasions of the Romans and Normans also had an effect on the fertile areas which were conquered. The people there learned more "sophisticated eating habits". Conversely those who remained in wilder areas kept the traditional approaches to cooking; tools such as the <a href="/wiki/Pot_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Pot crane">pot crane</a> continued to be used as late as the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620–21_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620–21-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only region that has a significant difference from the rest of Wales is the <a href="/wiki/Gower_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Gower peninsula">Gower peninsula</a>, whose lack of land transport links left it isolated. Instead it was strongly influenced by Somerset and Devon on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel" title="Bristol Channel">Bristol Channel</a>. Dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Whitepot" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitepot">whitepot</a> and ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, rare elsewhere in Wales, became commonplace in Gower.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199622_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199622-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produce">Produce</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Produce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture in Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_industry_of_Wales" title="Food and drink industry of Wales">Food and drink industry of Wales</a></div> <p>Welsh food can be better traced through the history of its foodstuffs than through the dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199626_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199626-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meat_and_fish">Meat and fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Meat and fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg/220px-Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg/330px-Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg/440px-Coracles_River_Teifi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="1851" /></a><figcaption>Welsh fishermen in <a href="/wiki/Coracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Coracles">coracles</a>, in 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>There a number of local Welsh breeds of cow, including the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Black_cattle" title="Welsh Black cattle">Welsh Black</a>, a breed which dates back to at least 1874. Cattle farming accounts for the majority of agricultural output in Wales. In 1998, the production of beef contributed 23% of Welsh agricultural output. In 2002, 25% of agricultural output was in the production of dairy products. Welsh beef is registered as a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">Protected Geographical Indication</a> (PGI) under UK and EU law. It may only be sold under this name when it is wholly reared and slaughtered in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pigs were the primary meat eaten by early Welsh folk, which could be preserved easily by salting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199635–36_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199635–36-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1700, there were a number of different Welsh breeds of pig, with long snouts and thin backs, generally light coloured, but some were dark or spotted. Today, pigs in Wales are either farmed intensively, using the white <a href="/wiki/Welsh_pig" title="Welsh pig">Welsh pig</a> or <a href="/wiki/Landrace_pig" title="Landrace pig">Landrace pig</a>, or extensively, where <a href="/wiki/British_Saddleback" title="British Saddleback">Saddleback pig</a>, Welsh pig or crossbreeds are farmed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welsh uplands were most suited to grazing animals such as sheep and goats, and the animals became associated with Wales. Sheep-farming on a large scale was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> monks, largely for wool, but also for meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheep_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheep-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the start of the 16th century Welsh mutton was popular in the rest of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once modern synthetic fibres became more popular than wool, Welsh sheep were raised almost exclusively for meat. Towards the end of the 20th century, there were more than 11 million sheep in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheep_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheep-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most popular breed of sheep is the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Mountain_sheep" title="Welsh Mountain sheep">Welsh Mountain sheep</a> which is notably smaller than other breeds but better-suited to the Welsh landscape and only rears one lamb, rather than the lowland breeds which rear two or more; the mountain sheep are regarded as having more flavoursome meat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sheep_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheep-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh farmers have started using scientific methods, such as artificial insemination or using ultrasound to scan a sheep's depth of fat, to improve the quality of their meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheep_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheep-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gower salt marsh lamb was registered as a <a href="/wiki/Protected_Designation_of_Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Designation of Origin">Protected Designation of Origin</a> (PDO) under UK law in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and (despite opposition of France) under EU law in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coastal areas of Wales, and those near rivers, produce many different forms of fish and shellfish. <a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Traditional fishing</a> methods, such as <a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">wade netting</a> for salmon, remained in place for 2,000 years. Welsh <a href="/wiki/Coracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Coracles">coracles</a>, simple boats made of a willow frame and covered in animal hides, were noted by Romans and were still in use in the 20th century. Once landed, fish would generally be <a href="/wiki/Drying_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drying (food)">wind-dried</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">smoked</a>, or cured with salt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199640_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199640-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herring, a fish which takes well to salting, became a well established catch; the busiest harbour was Aberystwyth, which reportedly took up to 1,000 barrels of herring in a single night in 1724. Many other villages also fished for herring, generally between late August and December.<sup id="cite_ref-Fish_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fish-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herring, along with <a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">mackerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_trout" title="Sea trout">sea trout</a>, were the main fishes found in Welsh cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salmon was abundant and therefore a staple for the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199661_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199661-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trout, which would dry out quickly when cooked, would be wrapped in leek leaves for cooking, or covered in bacon or oatmeal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199655_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199655-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many fish would be served with fennel, which grew wild in abundance in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199667_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199667-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lobster fishing was done on a small scale especially in Cardigan Bay, but was reserved almost exclusively for export. Welsh fisherman would be more likely to eat the less profitable crabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockles</a> have been harvested since Roman times and are still harvested in a traditional manner with a hand rake and scraper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199643_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199643-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cockle picking still happens in the Gower peninsula, but due to the difficulty in getting licences and reduced yield, villages near the Carmarthen Bay no longer gather them.<sup id="cite_ref-Fish_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fish-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dairy_products">Dairy products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dairy products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caerphilly_cheese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Caerphilly_cheese.jpg/220px-Caerphilly_cheese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Caerphilly_cheese.jpg/330px-Caerphilly_cheese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Caerphilly_cheese.jpg/440px-Caerphilly_cheese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_cheese" title="Caerphilly cheese">Caerphilly cheese</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As cattle were the basis of Celtic wealth, butter and cheese were generally made from cows' milk. The Celts were amongst the earliest producers of butter in Britain, and for hundreds of years after the Romans left the country, butter was the primary cooking medium and basis for sauces. Salt was an important ingredient in Welsh butter, but also in early Welsh cheeses, which would sit in brine during the cheesemaking process. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199630–31_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199630–31-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welsh were also early adopters of roasting cheese. An early incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a> was being made in medieval times, and by the middle of the 15th century rarebit was considered a national dish. The acid soil of Wales meant that the milk produced by their cattle created a soft cheese, which was not as good for roasting, so Welsh people would trade for harder cheeses such as Cheddar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199631_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199631-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best-known Welsh cheese is <a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_cheese" title="Caerphilly cheese">Caerphilly</a>, named in 1831 but made long before that. Originally a method for storing excess milk until it could be brought to market, it was a moist cheese that would not last very long. Production of the cheese was halted due to milk <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationing</a> after World War II, although it was still made in England. There, the cheese was produced very quickly and sold early in its maturation process, creating a dryer cheese. In the 1970s, production of Caerphilly returned to Wales and over the following few decades a variety of new cheeses have also been produced in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008137_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008137-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cereals">Cereals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cereals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flum1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flum1.JPG/220px-Flum1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flum1.JPG/330px-Flum1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flum1.JPG/440px-Flum1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flummery" title="Flummery">Flummery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As far back as the Iron Age, Welsh folk were using wild cereals to create a coarse bread. By the time the Romans invaded, Celtic skills with bread had progressed to the point that white or brown breads could be produced. The Roman invasion led to many Welsh people moving to the less hospitable uplands, where the only cereal crops which could be grown were oats, barley and rye. Oat and barley breads were the main breads eaten in Wales up until the 19th century, with rye bread created for medicinal purposes. Oats were used to bulk out meat or meat and vegetable stews, also known as <a href="/wiki/Pottage" title="Pottage">pottage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199627–28_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199627–28-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welsh also created a dish called <i>llymru</i>, finely ground oatmeal soaked in water for a long time before boiling until it solidified. This <a href="/wiki/Blancmange" title="Blancmange">blancmange</a>-styled dish became so popular outside Wales that it got a new name, <a href="/wiki/Flummery" title="Flummery">flummery</a>, as the English could not pronounce the original. A similar dish, <i>sucan</i>, was made with less finely ground oatmeal, making a coarser product.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199629_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199629-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetables">Vegetables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vegetables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/220px-Leek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/330px-Leek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/440px-Leek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a>, the Welsh national vegetable</figcaption></figure> <p>Celtic law made specific provision with regard to cabbages and leeks, stating that they should be enclosed by fences for protection against wandering cattle. The two green vegetables were the only ones mentioned specifically in the laws, though uncultivated plants were still likely to be used in their cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199644_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199644-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leek went on to be so important to Welsh cuisine—found in many symbolic dishes including cawl and Glamorgan sausage—that it became the country's national vegetable.<sup id="cite_ref-Symbols_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbols-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potatoes were slow to be adopted amongst Welsh folk, despite being introduced to the UK in the 16th century; only in the early 18th century did they become a Welsh staple, due to grain failures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199645_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199645-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the potato did become a staple, it was quickly found in Welsh dishes such as cawl, and traditions grew around their use. One tradition, which was still in place at the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was that villagers could plant an 80-yard (73-metre) row of potatoes in a neighbouring farmer's field for each labourer the household could provide at the time of harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199646–47_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199646–47-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Welsh_dishes">Welsh dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Welsh dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_dishes" title="List of Welsh dishes">List of Welsh dishes</a></div> <p>Whilst there are many dishes that can be considered Welsh due to their ingredients, there are some which are quintessentially Welsh. Dishes such as cawl, Welsh rarebit, laverbread, Welsh cakes, bara brith (literally "speckled bread") or the Glamorgan sausage have all been regarded as symbols of Welsh food.<sup id="cite_ref-Symbols_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbols-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">Cawl</a>, pronounced in a similar way to the English word "cowl",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996106_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996106-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be regarded as Wales' national dish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201268-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dating back to the 11th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201268-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally it was a simple broth of meat (most likely bacon) and vegetables, it could be cooked slowly over the course of the day whilst the family was out working the fields.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could be made in stages, over a number of days, first by making a meat stock, then by adding the vegetables on the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201268-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once cooked, the fat could be skimmed from the top of the pot, then it would be served as two separate dishes, first as a soup, then as a stew.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leftovers could be topped up with fresh vegetables, sometimes over the course of weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Breverton_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breverton-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, the amount of meat used in the broth was minimal; instead it was bulked out with potatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, cawl would be much more likely to include beef or lamb for the meat,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be served with plain <a href="/wiki/Oatmeal" title="Oatmeal">oatmeal</a> <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a> or currant dumplings known as <i>trollies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally cawl would be eaten with a "specially-carved wooden spoon" and eaten from a wooden bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The predilection of the Welsh for roasted cheese led to the dish of <a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a>, or Welsh rabbit, seasoned melted cheese poured over toasted bread.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cheese would need to be a harder one, such as cheddar or similar. Referred to as Welsh rabbit as early as 1725, the name is not similar to the Welsh term <i>caws pobi</i>. Welsh folk rarely ate rabbit due to the cost and as land owners would not allow rabbit hunting, so the term is more likely a slur on the Welsh.<sup id="cite_ref-Breverton_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breverton-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name evolved from rabbit to rarebit, possibly to remove the slur from Welsh cuisine or due to simple reinterpretation of the word to make menus more pleasant.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Laverbread, or <i>Bara Lawr</i>, is a Welsh speciality. It is made by cooking <a href="/wiki/Porphyra" title="Porphyra">porphyra</a> seaweed slowly for up to ten hours<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until it becomes a puree. It can be served with bacon and cockles as a breakfast dish,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or mixed with oats and fried in small patties,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or laver cakes.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, laverbread is commercially produced by washing in water, cooking for about five hours before chopping, salting and packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_sausage" title="Glamorgan sausage">Glamorgan sausage</a> is a Welsh vegetarian sausage. It contains no meat or skin, instead it is made with cheese, generally Caerphilly, but sometimes cheddar, along with leek or spring onion.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mixture is then coated in breadcrumbs and rolled into a sausage shape before cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-Symbols_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbols-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glamorgan sausages date back to at least the early 19th century, at which point the sausages would have contained pork fat.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh cakes">Welsh cakes</a>, or <i>pice ar y maen</i> meaning "cakes on the stone", are small round spiced cakes, traditionally cooked on a <a href="/wiki/Bakestone" title="Bakestone">bakestone</a>, but more recently on a griddle. Once cooked, they can be eaten hot or cold, on their own or topped either with sugar or butter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014365_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014365-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dough which is mixed with raisins, sultanas and sometimes currants,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is similar to shortbread, meaning they can have the consistency of biscuits when cooked on the griddle, and slightly more like a cake when cooked in the oven.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bara_brith" title="Bara brith">Bara brith</a> is a fruit loaf originating from rural Wales, where they used a mortar and pestle to grind the fresh sweet spices.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically it was made with yeast and butter, though recently it is likely to be made with bicarbonate of soda and margarine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit included would be dried raisins, currants and candied peel,<sup id="cite_ref-Bain_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bain-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would be soaked in cold tea before cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally served sliced with butter during <a href="/wiki/Afternoon_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Afternoon tea">afternoon tea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson201462_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson201462-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is often known as Welsh tea bread.<sup id="cite_ref-Bain_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bain-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bara Brith translates to "speckled bread",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is also known as <i>teisen dorth</i> in South Wales, where sultanas are included in the recipe,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201274_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201274-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as <i>torta negra</i> when Welsh settlers brought it to Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-Bain_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bain-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cawl_Cymreig.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cawl"><img alt="Cawl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cawl_Cymreig.jpg/165px-Cawl_Cymreig.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cawl_Cymreig.jpg/248px-Cawl_Cymreig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Cawl_Cymreig.jpg/330px-Cawl_Cymreig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cawl</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh_rarebit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Welsh rarebit"><img alt="Welsh rarebit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Welsh_rarebit.JPG/160px-Welsh_rarebit.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Welsh_rarebit.JPG/240px-Welsh_rarebit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Welsh_rarebit.JPG/320px-Welsh_rarebit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Welsh rarebit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laver_and_toast.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Laverbread"><img alt="Laverbread" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Laver_and_toast.JPG/131px-Laver_and_toast.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Laver_and_toast.JPG/197px-Laver_and_toast.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Laver_and_toast.JPG/263px-Laver_and_toast.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="2099" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Laverbread</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glamorgan_sausage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glamorgan sausage"><img alt="Glamorgan sausage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Glamorgan_sausage.jpg/160px-Glamorgan_sausage.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Glamorgan_sausage.jpg/240px-Glamorgan_sausage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Glamorgan_sausage.jpg/320px-Glamorgan_sausage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glamorgan sausage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes,_February_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Welsh cakes"><img alt="Welsh cakes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg/162px-Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg/243px-Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg/324px-Closeup_of_Welsh_cakes%2C_February_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="2316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Welsh cakes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bara_Brith_(3320696816).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bara Brith"><img alt="Bara Brith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg/165px-Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg/248px-Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg/330px-Bara_Brith_%283320696816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3146" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bara Brith</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatws_Popty.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tatws Popty, traditional dish of roasted meat and potatoes"><img alt="Tatws Popty, traditional dish of roasted meat and potatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tatws_Popty.jpg/160px-Tatws_Popty.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tatws_Popty.jpg/240px-Tatws_Popty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Tatws_Popty.jpg/320px-Tatws_Popty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2292" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tatws Popty, traditional dish of roasted meat and potatoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tatws Pum Munud, Welsh stew, with smoked bacon, stock, potatoes"><img alt="Tatws Pum Munud, Welsh stew, with smoked bacon, stock, potatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG/165px-Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG" decoding="async" width="165" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG/248px-Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG/330px-Tatws_Pum_Munud2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tatws_Pum_Munud" title="Tatws Pum Munud">Tatws Pum Munud</a>, Welsh stew, with smoked bacon, stock, potatoes</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beverages">Beverages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beer">Beer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Beer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Wales" title="Beer in Wales">Beer in Wales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg/220px-FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg/330px-FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg/440px-FelinfoelBreweryDragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Logo of <a href="/wiki/Felinfoel_Brewery" title="Felinfoel Brewery">Felinfoel Brewery</a>, the first brewery in Europe to sell beer in cans</figcaption></figure> <p>Wine and beer, especially of the home-made varieties, were central to socialising in Wales, as they were in England. This remained the case even when tea gained popularity in England, supplanting home-made alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199647_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199647-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beer is now the national drink of Wales, although Welsh beers never gained the status of other British beers, such as stout or English ales. This was in part due to the breweries keeping promotion of their products to a minimum so as not to upset the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temperance movement remained a strong influence though, and when new breweries were set up, the outcry led to the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Closing_(Wales)_Act_1881" title="Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881">Welsh Sunday Closing Act</a> in 1881, an act that forced the closure of <a href="/wiki/Public_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Public houses">public houses</a> in Wales on a Sunday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wales' passion for beer remained; the <a href="/wiki/Wrexham_Lager_Beer_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrexham Lager Beer Company">Wrexham Lager Beer Company</a> opened in 1881, as the first <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> producer in Britain. The <a href="/wiki/Felinfoel_Brewery" title="Felinfoel Brewery">Felinfoel Brewery</a> made a deal with the local tin works and became the first brewery in Europe to put beer in cans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viticulture">Viticulture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Viticulture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg/220px-Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg/330px-Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg/440px-Castle_Coch_from_A470.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>The south facing slopes of <a href="/wiki/Castle_Coch" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Coch">Castle Coch</a> were home to the first commercially viable vineyard in the UK</figcaption></figure> <p>It is thought that Welsh viticulture dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Warm_Period" title="Roman Warm Period">Roman Warm Period</a> and Welsh <a href="/wiki/Antiquarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiquarians">antiquarians</a> wrote that wine production was a feature of <a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Wales in the Middle Ages">Wales in the Middle Ages</a>. The first commercially viable vineyard in the UK was established in the spring of 1875 by the <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_3rd_Marquess_of_Bute" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute">Marquess of Bute</a> at <a href="/wiki/Castell_Coch" title="Castell Coch">Castell Coch</a>. Bute was passionate about the medieval period, and instructed his head gardener, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pettigrew_(landscape_gardener)" title="Andrew Pettigrew (landscape gardener)">Andrew Pettigrew</a> to establish three acres of vines on the southern slopes of the castle grounds. The first harvest didn't take place until 1877 and yielded just 40 gallons. However, the first wine produced in Britain since the Middle Ages attracted great attention in the British press and the operation was expanded over two separate sites in 1893, producing 12,000 bottles a year. The Vineyard remained in operation until the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welsh_wine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Welsh_wine.jpg/220px-Welsh_wine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Welsh_wine.jpg/330px-Welsh_wine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Welsh_wine.jpg/440px-Welsh_wine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Modern Welsh wine on sale in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Home produced wine did not become a feature of Welsh cuisine until the 1970s, when modern vineyards began to be planted in south Wales. By 2005 Wales had 20 vineyards, producing annually 100,000 bottles of primarily white wines.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Wine Standards Board, by September 2015, there were 22 operational vineyards in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 2005 the Welsh <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a> industry was worth as much as £100m. Popular brands include Brecon Carreg, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Nant" title="Tŷ Nant">Tŷ Nant</a>, Princes Gate and Pant Du.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whisky">Whisky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Whisky"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Welsh_whisky" title="Welsh whisky">Welsh whisky</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg/220px-Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg/330px-Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg/440px-Penderyn_Distillery_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1222" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Penderyn_Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Penderyn Distillery">Penderyn Distillery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is a history of producing Welsh whisky that is in a similar manner to the Celtic tradition such as <a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scottish_whisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish whisky">Scottish whisky</a>. Always a niche industry, by the late 19th century, the main whisky production in Wales was at <a href="/wiki/Frongoch" title="Frongoch">Frongoch</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bala,_Gwynedd" title="Bala, Gwynedd">Bala, Gwynedd</a>. The distillery was bought by Scottish whisky companies and closed in 1910 when they were attempting to establish brands in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996263–264_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996263–264-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008947–948_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008947–948-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 the Welsh Whisky Company, now known as <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Penderyn_(whisky)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penderyn (whisky)">Penderyn</a></i></span>, was formed and whisky production began at <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Penderyn,_Rhondda_Cynon_Taf" title="Penderyn, Rhondda Cynon Taf">Penderyn, Rhondda Cynon Taf</a></i></span> in 2000. <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Penderyn</i></span> single malt whisky was the first whisky commercially produced in Wales for a century and went on sale in 2004. The company also produces Merlyn Cream Liqueur, Five Vodka and Brecon Gin.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eating_out">Eating out</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Eating out"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Wales" title="List of restaurants in Wales">List of restaurants in Wales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg/220px-Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg/330px-Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg/440px-Black_Boy_Inn_Geograph-4138406-by-Richard-Croft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_Boy_Inn" title="Black Boy Inn">The Black Boy Inn</a> at <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon" title="Caernarfon">Caernarfon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The number of restaurants in Wales has significantly increased since the 1960s, when the country had very few notable places to eat out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Wales is no longer considered a "gastronomic desert";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2016, it has five <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin starred</a> restaurants and<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other award systems such as <a href="/wiki/TripAdvisor" class="mw-redirect" title="TripAdvisor">TripAdvisor</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Automobile_Association#Restaurants" class="mw-redirect" title="The Automobile Association">the AA</a> have included Welsh restaurants in their lists. The most significant increase in restaurants has been at the high end, but there has been growth and improvement in quality across the whole range of Welsh eateries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Welsh restaurants showcase their Welsh ingredients, creating new dishes from them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been a rise in <a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian cuisine</a> in Wales, especially Indian, Chinese, Thai, Indonesian and Japanese, with a preference for spicier foods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, the number of restaurants and <a href="/wiki/Gastropubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastropubs">gastropubs</a> in Wales has increased significantly<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968,_52–53_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968,_52–53-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are currently six <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin starred</a> restaurants located in the country as of 2024: Home (<a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a>), The Walnut Tree (<a href="/wiki/Llandewi_Skirrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Llandewi Skirrid">Llandewi Skirrid</a>), The Whitebrook (<a href="/wiki/Monmouth" title="Monmouth">Monmouth</a>), Ynyshir (<a href="/wiki/Machynlleth" title="Machynlleth">Machynlleth</a>), Sosban at The Old Butchers (<a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>) and Beachhouse (<a href="/wiki/Oxwich" title="Oxwich">Oxwich</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Carmarthenshire" title="Cuisine of Carmarthenshire">Cuisine of Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ceredigion" title="Cuisine of Ceredigion">Cuisine of Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Cuisine of Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Monmouthshire" title="Cuisine of Monmouthshire">Cuisine of Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Pembrokeshire" title="Cuisine of Pembrokeshire">Cuisine of Pembrokeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Cuisine of the Vale of Glamorgan">Cuisine of the Vale of Glamorgan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sparknotes.com/nofear/shakespeare/henryv/page_246/">"Spark Notes: Henry V"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spark+Notes%3A+Henry+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sparknotes.com%2Fnofear%2Fshakespeare%2Fhenryv%2Fpage_246%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199614_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199615_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014858_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson2014">Davidson 2014</a>, p. 858.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199648-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199648_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199618_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland2015" class="citation book cs1">Ireland, Richard (2015). "The eighteenth century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsEqBwAAQBAJ"><i>Land of White Gloves?: A History of Crime and Punishment in Wales Volume 4 of History of Crime in the UK and Ireland</i></a>. Routledge. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-08941-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-08941-2"><bdi>978-1-135-08941-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+eighteenth+century&rft.btitle=Land+of+White+Gloves%3F%3A+A+History+of+Crime+and+Punishment+in+Wales+Volume+4+of+History+of+Crime+in+the+UK+and+Ireland&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-135-08941-2&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOsEqBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGower2012" class="citation book cs1">Gower, Jon (2012). "Chapter 19: Revolt and unrest". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mqJesC_NG4C"><i>The Story of Wales</i></a>. Random House. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-1710-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-1710-2"><bdi>978-1-4464-1710-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Revolt+and+unrest&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Wales&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4464-1710-2&rft.aulast=Gower&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0mqJesC_NG4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016174-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016174_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBohstedt2016">Bohstedt 2016</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016181-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohstedt2016181_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBohstedt2016">Bohstedt 2016</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowellBaber1993" class="citation book cs1">Howell, D. W.; Baber, C. (1993). "Wales". In Thompson, F. M. L (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1x-OEg8f1ykC"><i>The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950, Volume 1</i></a> (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43816-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43816-2"><bdi>978-0-521-43816-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wales&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Social+History+of+Britain%2C+1750%E2%80%931950%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=283-296&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43816-2&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.au=Baber%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1x-OEg8f1ykC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearney1995" class="citation book cs1">Kearney, Hugh (1995). "The Britannic melting pot". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTsbUhAk-LcC"><i>The British Isles: A History of Four Nations</i></a> (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48488-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48488-6"><bdi>978-0-521-48488-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Britannic+melting+pot&rft.btitle=The+British+Isles%3A+A+History+of+Four+Nations&rft.pages=217&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48488-6&rft.aulast=Kearney&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTsbUhAk-LcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, J. E. (2011). "An intellectual basis of protest?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vibw_vYAxeIC"><i>Social Disorder in Britain 1750–1850: The Power of the Gentry, Radicalism and Religion in Wales</i></a>. I. B. Tauris. pp. 96–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-503-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-503-8"><bdi>978-1-84885-503-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+intellectual+basis+of+protest%3F&rft.btitle=Social+Disorder+in+Britain+1750%E2%80%931850%3A+The+Power+of+the+Gentry%2C+Radicalism+and+Religion+in+Wales&rft.pages=96-97&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-503-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvibw_vYAxeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2014" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Philip (2014). "Welsh politics in the Eighteenth Century". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zmKuBAAAQBAJ&q=welsh+food+riots"><i>A History of Modern Wales 1536–1990</i></a> (Revised ed.). Routledge. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-87269-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-87269-6"><bdi>978-1-317-87269-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Welsh+politics+in+the+Eighteenth+Century&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Wales+1536%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=179&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-87269-6&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzmKuBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwelsh%2Bfood%2Briots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyck200244-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeyck200244_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeyck2002">Heyck 2002</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2003" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Greg (2003). Hjalager, Anne-Mette (ed.). <i>Tourism and Gastronomy</i>. Routledge. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-48059-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-48059-3"><bdi>978-1-134-48059-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+Gastronomy&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-48059-3&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouryModoodTeles2005" class="citation book cs1">Loury, Glenn C.; Modood, Tariq; Teles, Steven M. (12 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=usCZdjje1zMC"><i>Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UK</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 415. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44365-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44365-4"><bdi>978-1-139-44365-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity%2C+Social+Mobility%2C+and+Public+Policy%3A+Comparing+the+USA+and+UK&rft.pages=415&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-05-12&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44365-4&rft.aulast=Loury&rft.aufirst=Glenn+C.&rft.au=Modood%2C+Tariq&rft.au=Teles%2C+Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DusCZdjje1zMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199651-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199651_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Food-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Food_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkinsBaines" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/food_and_drink/0"><i>Food and drink</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+and+drink&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+Encyclopedia+of+Wales.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Ffood_and_drink%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620–21-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199620–21_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199622-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199622_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199626-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199626_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/cattle/0"><i>Cattle</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cattle&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Fcattle%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199635–36-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199635–36_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/pigs/0"><i>Pigs</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pigs&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Fpigs%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheep-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sheep_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheep_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheep_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheep_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/sheep/0"><i>Sheep</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Fsheep%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199637–38_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-58164754">"Gower salt marsh lamb receives protected status"</a>. BBC News. 11 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gower+salt+marsh+lamb+receives+protected+status&rft.date=2021-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-58164754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1547/oj">"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1547 of 26 July 2023 entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications ('Gower Salt Marsh Lamb' (PDO))"</a>. <i>European Commission</i>. 27 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=Commission+Implementing+Regulation+%28EU%29+2023%2F1547+of+26+July+2023+entering+a+name+in+the+register+of+protected+designations+of+origin+and+protected+geographical+indications+%28%27Gower+Salt+Marsh+Lamb%27+%28PDO%29%29&rft.date=2023-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.europa.eu%2Feli%2Freg_impl%2F2023%2F1547%2Foj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199640-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199640_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fish-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fish_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fish_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/fish_and_fishing/0"><i>Fish and Fishing</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fish+and+Fishing&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Ffish_and_fishing%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199641–42_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199661-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199661_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199655-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199655_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199667-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199667_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199643-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199643_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199630–31-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199630–31_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199631-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199631_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2011" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Bee (9 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/8805877/Caerphilly-the-old-version-is-the-best.html">"Caerphilly: the old version is the best"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Caerphilly%3A+the+old+version+is+the+best&rft.date=2011-10-09&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Bee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2F8805877%2FCaerphilly-the-old-version-is-the-best.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008137-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008137_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaviesJenkins2008">Davies & Jenkins 2008</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199627–28-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199627–28_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199629-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199629_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199644-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199644_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Symbols-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Symbols_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Symbols_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Symbols_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2009" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jfrWCQAAQBAJ&q=glamorgan+sausage"><i>The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 Volumes]</i></a> (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 572. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34497-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34497-8"><bdi>978-0-313-34497-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+National+Symbols+and+Emblems+%5B2+Volumes%5D&rft.pages=572&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34497-8&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjfrWCQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dglamorgan%2Bsausage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199645-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199645_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199646–47-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199646–47_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996106-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996106_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201268-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201268_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebb2012">Webb 2012</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014224_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson2014">Davidson 2014</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotter2008" class="citation book cs1">Cotter, Charis (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1001foodsgreates0000unse/page/545">"Meats"</a>. <i>One Thousand and One Foods</i> (illustrated ed.). Anova Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1001foodsgreates0000unse/page/545">545</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86205-785-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86205-785-2"><bdi>978-1-86205-785-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Meats&rft.btitle=One+Thousand+and+One+Foods&rft.pages=545&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Anova+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86205-785-2&rft.aulast=Cotter&rft.aufirst=Charis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1001foodsgreates0000unse%2Fpage%2F545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breverton-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breverton_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breverton_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreverton2012" class="citation book cs1">Breverton, Terry (2012). "Food". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I2qoAwAAQBAJ"><i>Wales: A Historical Companion</i></a>. Amberley Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-0990-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-0990-4"><bdi>978-1-4456-0990-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Food&rft.btitle=Wales%3A+A+Historical+Companion&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-0990-4&rft.aulast=Breverton&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI2qoAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014154_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson2014">Davidson 2014</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Trust2007" class="citation book cs1">National Trust (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cRcQizr0uy8C"><i>Gentleman's Relish: A Compendium of English Culinary Oddities</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Anova Books. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-55-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-55-3"><bdi>978-1-905400-55-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentleman%27s+Relish%3A+A+Compendium+of+English+Culinary+Oddities&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Anova+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-905400-55-3&rft.au=National+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcRcQizr0uy8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrumley-Grennan2009" class="citation book cs1">Grumley-Grennan, Tony (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRT9AgAAQBAJ"><i>The Fat Man's Food & Drink Compendium</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9538922-3-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9538922-3-5"><bdi>978-0-9538922-3-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fat+Man%27s+Food+%26+Drink+Compendium&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9538922-3-5&rft.aulast=Grumley-Grennan&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRT9AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImholtzTannenbaumCarr2009" class="citation book cs1">Imholtz, August; Tannenbaum, Alison; Carr, A. E. K (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPhGid-3aigC"><i>Alice Eats Wonderland</i></a> (Illustrated, annotated ed.). Applewood Books. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-9106-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4290-9106-0"><bdi>978-1-4290-9106-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice+Eats+Wonderland&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=Illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=Applewood+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4290-9106-0&rft.aulast=Imholtz&rft.aufirst=August&rft.au=Tannenbaum%2C+Alison&rft.au=Carr%2C+A.+E.+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPhGid-3aigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReich2013" class="citation book cs1">Reich, Herb (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O8YtAgAAQBAJ"><i>Don't You Believe It!: Exposing the Myths Behind Commonly Believed Fallacies</i></a>. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62873-324-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62873-324-2"><bdi>978-1-62873-324-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don%27t+You+Believe+It%21%3A+Exposing+the+Myths+Behind+Commonly+Believed+Fallacies&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62873-324-2&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8YtAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadokeKerndter2004" class="citation book cs1">Hadoke, Mike; Kerndter, Fritz (2004). <i>Langenscheidt Praxiswörterbuch Gastronomie: Englisch-Deutsch, Deutsch-Englisch</i>. Langenscheidt Fachverlag. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86117-199-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86117-199-7"><bdi>978-3-86117-199-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Langenscheidt+Praxisw%C3%B6rterbuch+Gastronomie%3A+Englisch-Deutsch%2C+Deutsch-Englisch&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Langenscheidt+Fachverlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-86117-199-7&rft.aulast=Hadoke&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Kerndter%2C+Fritz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2009" class="citation journal cs1">O'Connor, Kaori (December 2009). "The Secret History of 'The Weed of Hiraeth': Laverbread, Identity, and Museums in Wales". <i>Journal of Museum Ethnography</i> (22). Museum Ethnographers Group: 83. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41417139">41417139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Museum+Ethnography&rft.atitle=The+Secret+History+of+%27The+Weed+of+Hiraeth%27%3A+Laverbread%2C+Identity%2C+and+Museums+in+Wales&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=83&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41417139%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kaori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis-Stempel2012" class="citation book cs1">Lewis-Stempel, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MRmfBAAAQBAJ"><i>Foraging The Essential Guide to Free Wild Food</i></a>. London: Hachette UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7160-2321-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7160-2321-0"><bdi>978-0-7160-2321-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foraging+The+Essential+Guide+to+Free+Wild+Food.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7160-2321-0&rft.aulast=Lewis-Stempel&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMRmfBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2022" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Carwyn (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UPiTEAAAQBAJ"><i>Welsh Food Stories</i></a>. University of Wales Press. p. 67-68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-91527-900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-91527-900-2"><bdi>978-1-91527-900-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welsh+Food+Stories&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-91527-900-2&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Carwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUPiTEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansenMouritsenMouritsen2013" class="citation book cs1">Johansen, Mariela; Mouritsen, Jonas Drotner; Mouritsen, Ole G (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8BFIfxX_x_UC"><i>Seaweeds : edible, available & sustainable</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-04436-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-04436-1"><bdi>978-0-226-04436-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seaweeds+%3A+edible%2C+available+%26+sustainable&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pages=152&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-04436-1&rft.aulast=Johansen&rft.aufirst=Mariela&rft.au=Mouritsen%2C+Jonas+Drotner&rft.au=Mouritsen%2C+Ole+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8BFIfxX_x_UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyto2012" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NoicAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink</i></a> (illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964024-9"><bdi>978-0-19-964024-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diner%27s+Dictionary%3A+Word+Origins+of+Food+and+Drink&rft.pages=153&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-964024-9&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNoicAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2015" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Gary (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nz0pCgAAQBAJ"><i>Sausage: A Global History</i></a>. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-555-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-555-4"><bdi>978-1-78023-555-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sausage%3A+A+Global+History&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-555-4&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnz0pCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/13AB3A9F96B31C88?p=UKNB">"What? Pork in a Glamorgan sausage!"</a></span>. <i>South Wales Echo</i>. 29 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NewsBank,_inc." class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBank, inc.">News Bank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Wales+Echo&rft.atitle=What%3F+Pork+in+a+Glamorgan+sausage%21&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fresources%2Fdoc%2Fnb%2Fnews%2F13AB3A9F96B31C88%3Fp%3DUKNB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/13ABE3D413B63808?p=UKNB">"Putting pork in 'veggie' sausage"</a></span>. <i>South Wales Echo</i>. 31 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NewsBank,_inc." class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBank, inc.">News Bank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Wales+Echo&rft.atitle=Putting+pork+in+%27veggie%27+sausage.&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fresources%2Fdoc%2Fnb%2Fnews%2F13ABE3D413B63808%3Fp%3DUKNB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014365-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson2014365_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson2014">Davidson 2014</a>, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoufsRoufs2014" class="citation book cs1">Roufs, Timothy G.; Roufs, Kathleen Smyth (2014). <i>Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-221-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-221-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-221-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweet+Treats+around+the+World%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Culture&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-221-2&rft.aulast=Roufs&rft.aufirst=Timothy+G.&rft.au=Roufs%2C+Kathleen+Smyth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyto2012" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NoicAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink</i></a> (illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964024-9"><bdi>978-0-19-964024-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diner%27s+Dictionary%3A+Word+Origins+of+Food+and+Drink&rft.pages=393&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-964024-9&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNoicAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenspergerWilliams2002" class="citation book cs1">Hensperger, Beth; Williams, Chuck (2002). "Welsh Bara Brith". In Williams, Chuck (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NunR1l045AC"><i>Williams-Sonoma Collection: Bread</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2837-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2837-4"><bdi>978-0-7432-2837-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Welsh+Bara+Brith&rft.btitle=Williams-Sonoma+Collection%3A+Bread&rft.pages=84&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2837-4&rft.aulast=Hensperger&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.au=Williams%2C+Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-NunR1l045AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996102_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bain-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bain_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bain_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bain_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain2009" class="citation book cs1">Bain, Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZBcCIixzIIC"><i>Lonely Planet's 1000 Ultimate Experiences</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-945-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74179-945-3"><bdi>978-1-74179-945-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet%27s+1000+Ultimate+Experiences&rft.pages=291&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-74179-945-3&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZBcCIixzIIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson201462-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson201462_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson2014">Davidson 2014</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWebb201274-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWebb201274_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWebb2012">Webb 2012</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199647-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199647_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins200857_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaviesJenkins2008">Davies & Jenkins 2008</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vineyards.wales/welsh-sparkling-wine/">"A Story of Welsh Sparkling Wine"</a>. <i>Vineyards of Wales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vineyards+of+Wales&rft.atitle=A+Story+of+Welsh+Sparkling+Wine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvineyards.wales%2Fwelsh-sparkling-wine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/light-shed-vineyard-steeped-history-2406988">"Light shed on vineyard steeped in history"</a>. Wales Online. 22 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Light+shed+on+vineyard+steeped+in+history&rft.date=2005-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwales-news%2Flight-shed-vineyard-steeped-history-2406988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/vineyards/0"><i>Vineyards</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vineyards&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Fvineyards%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412223405/http://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/commercial-%20vineyards.pdf">"UK Vineyard Register: Full list of commercial vineyards, Updated September 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. food.gov.uk/. 19 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/commercial-%20vineyards.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Vineyard+Register%3A+Full+list+of+commercial+vineyards%2C+Updated+September+2015&rft.pub=food.gov.uk%2F&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.gov.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcommercial-%2520vineyards.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literati.credoreference.com/content/entry/waencywales/vineyards/0"><i>Vineyards</i></a> (Online ed.). The Welsh Academy encyclopedia of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vineyards&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=The+Welsh+Academy+encyclopedia+of+Wales.&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Baines%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fliterati.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwaencywales%2Fvineyards%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/wales-makes-splash-bottled-water-2392337">"Wales makes a splash in bottled water market"</a>. Wales Online. 31 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wales+makes+a+splash+in+bottled+water+market&rft.pub=Wales+Online&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwales-news%2Fwales-makes-splash-bottled-water-2392337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829014212/http://www.tynant.com/history-of-ty-nant/">"The History Of Tŷ Nant – Tŷ Nant"</a>. Tynant.com. 24 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tynant.com/history-of-ty-nant/">the original</a> on 29 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+Of+T%C5%B7+Nant+%E2%80%93+T%C5%B7+Nant&rft.pub=Tynant.com&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tynant.com%2Fhistory-of-ty-nant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517110011/http://www.breconwater.co.uk/our-awards/">"Our Awards - Brecon Carreg"</a>. Breconwater.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breconwater.co.uk/our-awards/">the original</a> on 17 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Awards+-+Brecon+Carreg&rft.pub=Breconwater.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breconwater.co.uk%2Four-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princesgate.com/">"Princes Gate Spring Water - Bottled Water and Water Coolers in Wales"</a>. Princesgate.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Princes+Gate+Spring+Water+-+Bottled+Water+and+Water+Coolers+in+Wales&rft.pub=Princesgate.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princesgate.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pantdu.co.uk/eng/dwr.html">"Gogledd Cymru"</a>. Pant Du. 13 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gogledd+Cymru&rft.pub=Pant+Du&rft.date=2013-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pantdu.co.uk%2Feng%2Fdwr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996263–264-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman1996263–264_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 263–264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008947–948-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaviesJenkins2008947–948_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaviesJenkins2008">Davies & Jenkins 2008</a>, pp. 947–948.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7374969.stm">"Rebirth of Welsh whisky spirit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. 8 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Rebirth+of+Welsh+whisky+spirit&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7374969.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199652–53_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325220008/http://travel.michelin.co.uk/ekmps/shops/michelin1/resources/Other/gbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf">"2016 Michelin Award summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Michelin</i>. 2016. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.michelin.co.uk/ekmps/shops/michelin1/resources/Other/gbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michelin&rft.atitle=2016+Michelin+Award+summary&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.michelin.co.uk%2Fekmps%2Fshops%2Fmichelin1%2Fresources%2FOther%2Fgbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968,_52–53-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman19968,_52–53_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1996">Freeman 1996</a>, pp. 8, 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325220008/http://travel.michelin.co.uk/ekmps/shops/michelin1/resources/Other/gbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf">"2016 Michelin Award summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin</a>. 2016. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.michelin.co.uk/ekmps/shops/michelin1/resources/Other/gbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Michelin+Award+summary&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Michelin&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.michelin.co.uk%2Fekmps%2Fshops%2Fmichelin1%2Fresources%2FOther%2Fgbi-2016-award-summary.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkins2008" class="citation book cs1">Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel (2008). <i>The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6"><bdi>978-0-7083-1953-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Academy+Encyclopaedia+of+Wales&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColquhoun2008" class="citation book cs1">Colquhoun, Kate (2008) [2007]. <i>Taste: The Story of Britain through its Cooking</i>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9306-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9306-5"><bdi>978-0-7475-9306-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taste%3A+The+Story+of+Britain+through+its+Cooking&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-9306-5&rft.aulast=Colquhoun&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1996" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Bobby (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-gwkXuzJOPQC"><i>First catch your peacock: the classic guide to Welsh food</i></a> (Rev. paperback ed.). Talybont, Ceredigion: Y Lolfa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86243-315-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86243-315-0"><bdi>0-86243-315-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+catch+your+peacock%3A+the+classic+guide+to+Welsh+food&rft.place=Talybont%2C+Ceredigion&rft.edition=Rev.+paperback&rft.pub=Y+Lolfa&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-86243-315-0&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-gwkXuzJOPQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014). Jaine, Tom (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7"><bdi>978-0-19-967733-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-967733-7&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRL6LAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyck2002" class="citation book cs1">Heyck, Thomas William (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gq84779CwC0C"><i>A History of the Peoples of the British Isles, Volume 3</i></a> (Illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30233-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30233-3"><bdi>978-0-415-30233-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Peoples+of+the+British+Isles%2C+Volume+3&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30233-3&rft.aulast=Heyck&rft.aufirst=Thomas+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgq84779CwC0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohstedt2016" class="citation book cs1">Bohstedt, John (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8x6gCwAAQBAJ"><i>The Politics of Provisions: Food Riots, Moral Economy, and Market Transition in England, C. 1550–1850</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-02020-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-02020-2"><bdi>978-1-317-02020-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Provisions%3A+Food+Riots%2C+Moral+Economy%2C+and+Market+Transition+in+England%2C+C.+1550%E2%80%931850&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-02020-2&rft.aulast=Bohstedt&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8x6gCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2012" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Andrew (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FBMLFM305MEC"><i>Food Britannia</i></a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-2222-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-2222-0"><bdi>978-1-4090-2222-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Britannia&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4090-2222-0&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFBMLFM305MEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wales.gov.uk/keypubstatisticsforwales/content/publication/agriculture/2005/was2004/was2004-e.htm">Welsh Agricultural Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060215103827/http://www.wales.gov.uk/keypubstatisticsforwales/content/publication/agriculture/2005/was2004/was2004-e.htm">Archived</a> 2006-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Assembly">Welsh Assembly</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/WelshFood.htm">Culture UK Welsh Food</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wales.com/en/content/cms/English/About_Wales/Food/Food.aspx">Welsh Food on Wales.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.library.wales/information-for/researchers/bibliography/cookery">National Library of Wales</a> Welsh Cookery: a Bibliography of Sources on Welsh Food and Cookery</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Welsh_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_cuisine" title="Template:Welsh cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_cuisine" title="Template talk:Welsh cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welsh_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_industry_of_Wales" title="Food and drink industry of Wales">Food and drink industry of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Carmarthenshire" title="Cuisine of Carmarthenshire">Cuisine of Carmarthenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ceredigion" title="Cuisine of Ceredigion">Cuisine of Ceredigion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Cuisine of Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Monmouthshire" title="Cuisine of Monmouthshire">Cuisine of Monmouthshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Pembrokeshire" title="Cuisine of Pembrokeshire">Cuisine of Pembrokeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Cuisine of the Vale of Glamorgan">Cuisine of the Vale of Glamorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Swansea" title="Cuisine of Swansea">Cuisine of Swansea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Brith" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Brith">Bara Brith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbag_steak" title="Carpetbag steak">Carpetbag steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">Cawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crempog" title="Crempog">Crempog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_sausage" title="Glamorgan sausage">Glamorgan sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverbread" title="Laverbread">Laverbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek_soup" title="Leek soup">Leek soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatws_Pum_Munud" title="Tatws Pum Munud">Tatws Pum Munud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh cakes">Welsh cakes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts and cheese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader%27s_Ice_Cream" title="Cadwalader's Ice Cream">Cadwalader's Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_cheese" title="Caerphilly cheese">Caerphilly cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cascarini" title="Luigi Cascarini">Joe’s Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Pudding" class="mw-redirect" title="Monmouth Pudding">Monmouth Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantysgawn" title="Pantysgawn">Pantysgawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Organic" title="Rachel's Organic">Rachel's Organic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processed foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brace%27s_Bakery" title="Brace's Bakery">Brace's Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Pies" title="Clark's Pies">Clark's Pies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Foods_(UK)" title="Euro Foods (UK)">Euro Foods (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filco_Foods" title="Filco Foods">Filco Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michton" title="Michton">Michton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Food_Services" title="Peter's Food Services">Peter's Food Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_Noodle" title="Pot Noodle">Pot Noodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Crisps" title="Real Crisps">Real Crisps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks and drinking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancre_Hill_Estates" title="Ancre Hill Estates">Ancre Hill Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Wales" title="Beer in Wales">Beer in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boss_Brewing" title="Boss Brewing">Boss Brewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragdy_Nant" title="Bragdy Nant">Bragdy Nant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brains_Brewery" title="Brains Brewery">Brains Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breconshire_Brewery" title="Breconshire Brewery">Breconshire Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryncelyn_Brewery" title="Bryncelyn Brewery">Bryncelyn Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Beer_of_Wales" title="Champion Beer of Wales">Champion Beer of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felinfoel_Brewery" title="Felinfoel Brewery">Felinfoel Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengettie" title="Glengettie">Glengettie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurns_Brewing_Company" title="Hurns Brewing Company">Hurns Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurvills_Delight" title="Lurvills Delight">Lurvills Delight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otley_Brewing_Company" title="Otley Brewing Company">Otley Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Gate_Spring_Water" title="Princes Gate Spring Water">Princes Gate Spring Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Closing_(Wales)_Act_1881" title="Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881">Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Rebel" title="Tiny Rebel">Tiny Rebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomos_Watkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomos Watkin">Tomos Watkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Brewery" title="Tudor Brewery">Tudor Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ty_Nant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ty Nant">Ty Nant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_whiskey" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh whiskey">Welsh whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_Lager" title="Wrexham Lager">Wrexham Lager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_breeds" title="List of Welsh breeds">Breeds and varieties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_apples" title="Welsh apples">Welsh apples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_cattle" title="Glamorgan cattle">Glamorgan cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_cattle" title="Pembroke cattle">Pembroke cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Black_cattle" title="Welsh Black cattle">Welsh Black cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Mountain_Sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Mountain Sheep">Welsh Mountain Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_pig" title="Welsh pig">Welsh pig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_festivals_in_Wales" title="List of food festivals in Wales">Food Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abergavenny_Food_Festival" title="Abergavenny Food Festival">Abergavenny Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_Sea2shore_Food_Festival" title="Aberystwyth Sea2shore Food Festival">Aberystwyth Sea2shore Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey_Oyster_%26_Welsh_Produce_Festival" title="Anglesey Oyster & Welsh Produce Festival">Anglesey Oyster & Welsh Produce Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Cheese_Festival" title="Big Cheese Festival">Big Cheese Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Welsh_Bite_Food_Festival" title="The Big Welsh Bite Food Festival">The Big Welsh Bite Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bite_Food_Festival,_Cardiff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bite Food Festival, Cardiff (page does not exist)">Bite Food Festival, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons_Food_Festival" title="Brecon Beacons Food Festival">Brecon Beacons Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Food_Festival" title="Beaumaris Food Festival">Beaumaris Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Food_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Caernarfon Food Festival">Caernarfon Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_Food_Festival" title="Caerphilly Food Festival">Caerphilly Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_International_Food_and_Drink_Festival" title="Cardiff International Food and Drink Festival">Cardiff International Food and Drink Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Bay_Seafood_Festival" title="Cardigan Bay Seafood Festival">Cardigan Bay Seafood Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_River_and_Food_Festival" title="Cardigan River and Food Festival">Cardigan River and Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbridge_Food_and_Drink_Festival" title="Cowbridge Food and Drink Festival">Cowbridge Food and Drink Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverfordwest_Beer_and_Cider_Festival" title="Haverfordwest Beer and Cider Festival">Haverfordwest Beer and Cider Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampeter_Food_Festival" title="Lampeter Food Festival">Lampeter Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_Food_Festival" title="Monmouthshire Food Festival">Monmouthshire Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narberth_Food_Festival" title="Narberth Food Festival">Narberth Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neath_Food_and_Drink_Festival" title="Neath Food and Drink Festival">Neath Food and Drink Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Food_Festival" title="Newport Food Festival">Newport Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire_Fish_Week" title="Pembrokeshire Fish Week">Pembrokeshire Fish Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Perry_and_Cider_Festival" title="Welsh Perry and Cider Festival">Welsh Perry and Cider Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs and food writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilli_Davies" title="Gilli Davies">Gilli Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Freeman_(writer)" title="Bobby Freeman (writer)">Bobby Freeman (writer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gomes" title="Stephen Gomes">Stephen Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jones_(baker)" title="Henry Jones (baker)">Henry Jones (baker)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Llanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Llanover">Lady Llanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beca_Lyne-Pirkis" title="Beca Lyne-Pirkis">Beca Lyne-Pirkis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Pressdee" title="Colin Pressdee">Colin Pressdee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Pritchard" title="Mathew Pritchard">Mathew Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sommerin" title="James Sommerin">James Sommerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Terry" title="Stephen Terry">Stephen Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Minwel_Tibbott" title="S. Minwel Tibbott">S. Minwel Tibbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ena_Thomas" title="Ena Thomas">Ena Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Thomas_(chef)" title="Luke Thomas (chef)">Luke Thomas (chef)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryn_Williams" title="Bryn Williams">Bryn Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Wright_(restaurateur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Wright (restaurateur)">Simon Wright (restaurateur)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Wales" title="List of restaurants in Wales">Restaurants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beaufort_Arms_Hotel,_Monmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beaufort Arms Hotel, Monmouth">The Beaufort Arms Hotel, Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walnut_Tree_(restaurant)" title="The Walnut Tree (restaurant)">The Walnut Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whitebrook" title="The Whitebrook">The Whitebrook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire_County_Museum" title="Carmarthenshire County Museum">Carmarthenshire County Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceredigion_Museum" title="Ceredigion Museum">Ceredigion Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_South_Wales" title="Royal Institution of South Wales">Royal Institution of South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Fagans_National_Museum_of_History" title="St Fagans National Museum of History">St Fagans National Museum of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Museum" title="Swansea Museum">Swansea Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Wassail" title="Gower Wassail">Gower Wassail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/48px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/64px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agriculture_in_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Template:Agriculture in Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Template talk:Agriculture in Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Agriculture in Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agriculture_in_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture in Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Advisory_Panel_for_Wales" title="Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales">Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bees_for_Development" title="Bees for Development">Bees for Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecknockshire_Agricultural_Society" title="Brecknockshire Agricultural Society">Brecknockshire Agricultural Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Union_of_Wales" title="Farmers' Union of Wales">Farmers' Union of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Biological,_Environmental_and_Rural_Sciences" title="Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_England_and_Wales" title="National Farmers' Union of England and Wales">NFU Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_farmers" title="Category:Welsh farmers">Welsh farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Agricultural_College" title="Welsh Agricultural College">Welsh Agricultural College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Horse_Show" title="Cardiff Horse Show">Cardiff Horse Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_Show" title="Monmouthshire Show">Monmouthshire Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_Show" title="Royal Welsh Show">Royal Welsh Show</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_unnos" title="Tŷ unnos">Tŷ unnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_buildings_in_Wales" title="Category:Agricultural buildings in Wales">Agricultural buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming_in_Wales" title="Sheep farming in Wales">Sheep farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woollen_industry_in_Wales" title="Woollen industry in Wales">Woollen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Museum" title="National Wool Museum">National Wool Museum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Land use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_use_in_Wales" title="Land use in Wales">Overview of land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tir_Cymen" title="Tir Cymen">Tir Cymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tir_Gofal" title="Tir Gofal">Tir Gofal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glastir" title="Glastir">Glastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_the_Protection_of_Rural_Wales" title="Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales">Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Settlement_Association" title="Land Settlement Association">Land Settlement Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Welsh<br />animal breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sheep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mule_(sheep)" title="Mule (sheep)"> Welsh mule ewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwenog_sheep" title="Llanwenog sheep">Llanwenog sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Welsh_Mountain_sheep" title="Black Welsh Mountain sheep">Black Welsh Mountain sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleyn_sheep" title="Lleyn sheep">Lleyn sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwen_Welsh_Mountain_sheep" title="Balwen Welsh Mountain sheep">Balwen Welsh Mountain sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badger_Face_Welsh_Mountain_sheep" title="Badger Face Welsh Mountain sheep">Badger Face Welsh Mountain sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Speckled_Face" title="Beulah Speckled Face">Beulah Speckled Face</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Black_cattle" title="Welsh Black cattle">Welsh Black cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_pig" title="Welsh pig">Welsh pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Harlequin" title="Welsh Harlequin">Welsh Harlequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Buff_Goose" title="Brecon Buff Goose">Brecon Buff Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Sheepdog" title="Welsh Sheepdog">Welsh Sheepdog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Category:Agriculture in Wales">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_topic" title="Template:European topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_topic" title="Template talk:European topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg cuisine">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran cuisine">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtensteiner cuisine">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scotland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican cuisine">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transnistrian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transnistrian cuisine (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey cuisine">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx cuisine">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey cuisine">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066586#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh90005387">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539317805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&oldid=1258810341">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&oldid=1258810341</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_cuisine" title="Category:Welsh cuisine">Welsh cuisine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Welsh-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Welsh-language text">Articles containing Welsh-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 19:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welsh_cuisine&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-l2rp6","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.364","walltime":"1.643","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18652,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":294099,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21592,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":286345,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1346.545 1 -total"," 23.12% 311.309 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.18% 298.624 6 Template:Navbox"," 14.31% 192.682 67 Template:Sfn"," 11.48% 154.629 39 Template:Cite_book"," 10.07% 135.629 1 Template:European_topic"," 7.86% 105.860 1 Template:Langx"," 7.85% 105.733 11 Template:Cite_web"," 7.25% 97.670 1 Template:Culture_of_Wales"," 7.09% 95.507 1 Template:British_cuisine"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.765","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22640245,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyto2012\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBain2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBohstedt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreverton2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColquhoun2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotter2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesJenkins,_NigelBaines,_M\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesJenkins2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaviesJenkinsBaines\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGower2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraves2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrumley-Grennan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadokeKerndter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenspergerWilliams2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeyck2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowellBaber1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImholtzTannenbaumCarr2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIreland2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohansenMouritsenMouritsen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKearney1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis-Stempel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLouryModoodTeles2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinahan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Trust2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReich2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoufsRoufs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebb2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Agriculture in Wales\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"British cuisine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 39,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 11,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Cuisine\"] = 1,\n [\"Culture of Wales\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Welsh Cuisine\"] = 1,\n [\"European topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main article\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 67,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Welsh Cuisine\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-64vjj","timestamp":"20241203082327","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Welsh cuisine","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welsh_cuisine","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1066586","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1066586","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-07T07:59:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T19:17:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/97\/Welsh_cakes2.jpg","headline":"cuisine of Wales"}</script> </body> </html>