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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tamils" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173491" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tamilsk_identitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamilsk_identitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tamilsk identitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamilsk_identitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografisk_utbreiing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografisk_utbreiing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografisk utbreiing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografisk_utbreiing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Geografisk utbreiing</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografisk_utbreiing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tamilar_i_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamilar_i_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tamilar i India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamilar_i_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamilar_på_Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamilar_på_Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tamilar på Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamilar_på_Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamilske_utvandrarmiljø" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamilske_utvandrarmiljø"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tamilske utvandrarmiljø</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamilske_utvandrarmiljø-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Kultur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biletkunst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biletkunst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biletkunst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biletkunst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utøvande_kunst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utøvande_kunst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Utøvande kunst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utøvande_kunst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innhaldsliste" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tamilar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 73 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamiler" title="Tamiler – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamiler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamiler" title="Tamiler – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tamiler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilere" title="Tamilere – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tamilere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tamils" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="تاميليون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاميليون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamill%C9%99r" title="Tamillər – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tamillər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="تامیل‌لر – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تامیل‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="তামিল জাতি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তামিল জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_l%C3%A2ng" title="Tamil lâng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tamil lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тамілы – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тамілы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тамили – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тамили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0mils" title="Tàmils – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàmils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тамилсем – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тамилсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilov%C3%A9" title="Tamilové – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tamilové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilen" title="Tamilen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tamilen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB_(%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Ταμίλ (λαός) – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταμίλ (λαός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tamils" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(pueblo)" title="Tamil (pueblo) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tamil (pueblo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamiloj" title="Tamiloj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tamiloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84" title="قوم تامیل – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم تامیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamouls" title="Tamouls – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tamouls" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamyls" title="Tamyls – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tamyls" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B3_%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B" title="તમિળ લોકો – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તમિળ લોકો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="타밀족 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타밀족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թամիլներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թամիլներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="तमिल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तमिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamili" title="Tamili – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tamili" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="tilrådd artikkel, betre artikkel, god artikkel"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Tamil" title="Suku Tamil – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Tamil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam%C3%ADlar" title="Tamílar – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tamílar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(popolo)" title="Tamil (popolo) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tamil (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טמילים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טמילים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel, god artikkel"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Tamil" title="Wong Tamil – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wong Tamil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტამილები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტამილები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тамилдер – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тамилдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam%C3%AEl" title="Tamîl – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tamîl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тамилдер – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тамилдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamili" title="Tamili – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tamili" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilai" title="Tamilai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tamilai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilok" title="Tamilok – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tamilok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamily_(vahoaka)" title="Tamily (vahoaka) – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tamily (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%BC" title="തമിഴർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തമിഴർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B3_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="तमिळ लोक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तमिळ लोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تاميليين – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاميليين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel, god artikkel, tilrådd artikkel"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Tamil" title="Orang Tamil – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Tamil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Tamil" title="Urang Tamil – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Tamil" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tamils" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तमिल जाति – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तमिल जाति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="タミル人 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タミル人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamillar" title="Tamillar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tamillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਤਮਿਲ਼ ਲੋਕ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਮਿਲ਼ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="تمل لوک – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تمل لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilowie" title="Tamilowie – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tamilowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2meis" title="Tâmeis – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tâmeis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тамилы – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тамилы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="تمل لوگ – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="تمل لوگ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="දෙමළ ජනතාව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙමළ ජනතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_people" title="Tamil people – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tamil people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilovia" title="Tamilovia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tamilovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тамили – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тамили" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamili" title="Tamili – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tamili" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilit" title="Tamilit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tamilit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="தமிழர் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தமிழர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B3%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="తమిళులు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తమిళులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AC" title="ชาวทมิฬ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวทมิฬ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamiller" title="Tamiller – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tamiller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Таміли – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таміли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="تمل لوگ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تمل لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Tamil" title="Người Tamil – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Tamil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="泰米尔人 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泰米尔人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="泰米尔人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泰米尔人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel, god artikkel, tilrådd artikkel, god liste"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halak_Tamil" title="Halak Tamil – batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Halak Tamil" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Tamil" title="Jolma Tamil – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Tamil" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173491#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tamilar" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Tamilar&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tamilar"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tamil_girls_group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tamil_girls_group.jpg/220px-Tamil_girls_group.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tamil_girls_group.jpg/330px-Tamil_girls_group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tamil_girls_group.jpg/440px-Tamil_girls_group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Tamilske jenter i Kalmunai på Sri Lanka. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarvodaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarvodaya (sida finst ikkje)">Sarvodaya</a>, 2005</div> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tamilar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">tamil</a> <span lang="ta" title="tamil-språkleg tekst">தமிழர்</span>) er ei folkegruppe frå delstaten <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> sør i <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> og det nordaustlege <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>. Dei snakkar det <a href="/wiki/Dravidiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Dravidiske språk">dravidiske språket</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">tamil</a>, som har ein to tusen år lang nedskriven historie.<sup id="cite_ref-emeneau1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emeneau1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fleire tamilske rike har stått for utviklinga av fleire tamilske kunstformer og mektig arkitektur, og har spreidd tamilsk kultur til Søraust-Asia og Indonesia. Tamilar har utvandra til heile verda, og ein finn tamilske utvandrarmiljø i <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aust-Afrika" title="Aust-Afrika">Aust-Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia">dei karibiske øyane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> og i mange delar av <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nord-Amerika" title="Nord-Amerika">Nord-Amerika</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tamilsk_identitet">Tamilsk identitet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Tamilsk identitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tamilsk identitet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:TamilGodessIdol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/TamilGodessIdol.jpg/220px-TamilGodessIdol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/TamilGodessIdol.jpg/330px-TamilGodessIdol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/TamilGodessIdol.jpg/440px-TamilGodessIdol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Skulptur av Tamilannai, gudinna som symboliserer det tamilske språket, i <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Balasundararaman</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Tamilar har vore identifiserte under namn som <i>tamilar</i>, <i>damela</i>, <i>dameda</i> og liknande minst sidan tredje hundreåret f.Kr., både i India og på Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-KI157_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KI157-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sjølvnamnet deira, <i>tamiḻar</i>, har vore tolka av språkforskarar som 'eins eigen tale' eller 'den rette [tale]måten'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordet har truleg også gjeve opphavet til nemninga <a href="/wiki/Dravidisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidisk">dravidisk</a> gjennom ei <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskritisering</a>. </p><p>Den tamilske identiteten retter seg særleg mot det <a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">tamilske språket</a>. Allereie i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangamlitteraturen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangamlitteraturen (sida finst ikkje)">sangamlitteraturen</a> frå dei første hundreåra e. Kr. finn ein døme på ei eiga tamilsk sjølvkjensle, sjølv om dei materielle leivningane frå denne tida ikkje viser nokon stor skilnad mellom dei tamilske områda og andre område i Sør-India.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det episke diktet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilappatikaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilappatikaram (sida finst ikkje)">Cilappatikār̲am</a></i> frå 5. hundreåret skildrar ei tamilsk eining som omfattar rivaliserande rike som <a href="/wiki/Tsjola" title="Tsjola">Tsjola</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjera (sida finst ikkje)">Tsjera</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandija (sida finst ikkje)">Pandija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Av moderne forskarar er dette blitt rekna som byrjinga på ei tamilsk nasjonalkjensle.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulikt dei fleste andre hinduiske språksamfunna såg tamilar på tamil som likeverdig med <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a>, og brukte det både til religiøse tekstar og høgverdig litteratur. </p><p>Tekstar frå 900- og 1000-talet prisar tamil som ei vakker ungjente og eit reint, guddommeleg språk. Språket blir også sett på som ei guddommeleg mor, Tamilannai. Nasjonalsongen til Tamil Nadu, «tamiḻttayvaḻttu» frå 1800-talet, er tileigna henne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografisk_utbreiing">Geografisk utbreiing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Geografisk utbreiing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografisk utbreiing"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamilar_i_India">Tamilar i India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Tamilar i India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tamilar i India"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg/220px-Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg/330px-Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg/440px-Tamil_typists_in_puducherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Maskinskrivarar i den tidlegare franske kolonien <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a>. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Bryce Edwards</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> er tamilane i majoritet i delstaten <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, men dei bur også tradisjonelt i sørlege <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, sør i <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, nokre delar av <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> og i byen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pune (sida finst ikkje)">Pune</a> i <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Noko nyare innflyttarmiljø finst også i <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> og på <a href="/wiki/Andamanane_og_Nikobarane" class="mw-redirect" title="Andamanane og Nikobarane">Andamanane og Nikobarane</a>. </p><p>Sjølv om dei tamiltalande landa har hatt mykje samband med resten av <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> var dei sjølvstendige og ikkje ein del av dei store indiske rika det meste av tida. Frå omtrent det 4. hundreåret f.Kr. til det 14. hundreåret var det tamilske landet rådd over av fire rike, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjholariket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjholariket (sida finst ikkje)">Tsjo<u>l</u>ariket</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandija (sida finst ikkje)">Pandijariket</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsjera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsjera (sida finst ikkje)">Tsjerariket</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pallava" title="Pallava">Pallavariket</a>. Rika hadde handel med <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fønikar">fønikarane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grekar" class="mw-redirect" title="Grekar">grekarane</a> og <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a>. Dei bygde opp mange store tempel, vatningssystem, vegar og dammar. Dei hadde også mykje makt — Tsjo<u>l</u>a-riket sin krigsflåte overvann <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srividjaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srividjaya (sida finst ikkje)">Srividjayariket</a> i Søraustasia i <a href="/wiki/1025" title="1025">1025</a>. Rika fall saman etter krigar mot muslimar og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidjayanagara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidjayanagara (sida finst ikkje)">Vidjayanagarariket</a> i det 14. og 15. hundreåra. Etter det blei det tamilske landet delt opp mellom mange lokale hovdingar, og nokre større rike. </p><p>På 1600-talet grunnla danske, britiske og franske handelsfolk koloniane <a href="/wiki/Trankebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Trankebar">Trankebar</a> (no <a href="/wiki/Tharangambadi" title="Tharangambadi">Tharangambadi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>) og <a href="/wiki/Pondich%C3%A9ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondichéry">Pondichéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a>) i dei tamilske områda. Størsteparten av landet blei samla i <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">Britisk India</a> i det 19. hundreåret. Etter indisk sjølvstende blei dei tamiltalande delane av India samla i ein delstat, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamilar_på_Sri_Lanka"><span id="Tamilar_p.C3.A5_Sri_Lanka"></span>Tamilar på Sri Lanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Tamilar på Sri Lanka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tamilar på Sri Lanka"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tea_estate_workers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tea_estate_workers.jpg/220px-Tea_estate_workers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tea_estate_workers.jpg/330px-Tea_estate_workers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tea_estate_workers.jpg/440px-Tea_estate_workers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Plantasjearbeidarar, såkalla indiske tamilar. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Terence Rangarasu</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Dei fleste tamilane på Sri Lanka bur på Jaffna-halvøya og i Vanni-området i den nordlege delen av øya, og langs austkysten. I dei sentrale høglanda rundt <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a> bur det mange «indiske tamilar» eller «fjellandstamilar» som stammar frå landarbeidarar som kom frå Tamil Nadu til Sri Lanka for å arbeida på <a href="/wiki/Kaffi" title="Kaffi">kaffi</a>- og seinare <a href="/wiki/Te" title="Te">teplantasjar</a> i det 19. og 20. hundreåret. Det bur òg fleire tamilar i storbyen Colombo. </p><p>Som følgje av den etniske strida på Sri Lanka er fleire delar av historia til srilankiske tamilar omstridd. Både tamilar og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singalesarar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singalesarar (sida finst ikkje)">singalesarar</a> hevdar at den andre gruppa er seinare innvandrarar. Det har blitt funne potteskår i Jaffna frå det 2. hundreåret f.Kr. med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilsk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamilsk skrift (sida finst ikkje)">tamilsk skrift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ETEHar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETEHar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frå det 8. hundreåret blir tamilske busetnadar nemnd i singalesiske tekstar som <i>demel gambim</i> ('tamilske bygder og jord').<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men singalesarar og tamilar tolkar dette på forskjellige måtar. Frå om lag <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a> rådde det tamilske Arja Tsjakravarthi-dynastiet over <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffnahalvøya</a> og andre nære delar av Sri Lanka, fram til 1619 då det blei overvunne av <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugisarar</a>. Frå den tida herska første portugisarane og så <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">nederlendarane</a> over tamilske delar av Sri Lanka. I 1796 blei heile øya annektert av <a href="/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet">Det britiske imperiet</a>, og i 1802 blei alle regionar av Sri Lanka samla i ein <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">koloni</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg/250px-Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg/330px-Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg/500px-Gathering_of_IDPs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Tamilske flyktningar på Sri Lanka i 2008. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: trokilinochchi</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Påverka av motstridande singalesisk og tamilsk nasjonalisme byrja etniske forhold på Sri Lanka å forverre seg i den første delen av det 20. hundreåret. Singalesar-dominerte regjeringar innførte ulike lovar og politikk for å verna og framheva singalesisk etter at Sri Lanka fekk sjølvstende. Tamilane oppfatta fleire av desse som diskriminerande, til dømes at <a href="/wiki/Singalesisk" title="Singalesisk">singalesisk</a> skulle vera det einaste offisielle språket. Tamilske krav om <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8deralisme" title="Føderalisme">føderalisme</a> blei møtt med valdelege opptøyar frå singalesiske ekstremistar. På 1970-talet tok tamilar til å krevja ein eigen stat, og ein <a href="/wiki/Den_srilankiske_borgarkrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den srilankiske borgarkrigen">borgarkrig</a> braut laus. På 1980- og 90-talet fekk geriljagruppa <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTE</a> kontroll over fleire delar av nordlege og austlege Sri Lanka. Ein fredsprosess varte frå 2002 til 2006, men full krig braut laus igjen i august 2006. Den srilankiske hæren erobra størsteparten av LTTE-områda i byrjinga av 2009 i kamphandlingar som drap over 6000 sivile, sende rundt 190 000 på flukt og øydela store delar av det omstridde området.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mange tamiltalande har prøvd å unngå konflikten på ulikt vis. Mange legg mindre vekt på tamilsk identitet enn til dømes tamilar i India. Tamiltalande muslimar på Sri Lanka reknar seg til dømes ikkje som «tamilar», medan fleire andre tamilske grupper har blitt heilt eller delvis singalesiske. Andre har flykta til utlandet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamilske_utvandrarmiljø"><span id="Tamilske_utvandrarmilj.C3.B8"></span>Tamilske utvandrarmiljø</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Tamilske utvandrarmiljø" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tamilske utvandrarmiljø"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg/170px-Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg/255px-Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg/340px-Tamil_2009-04-28_044a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1762" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Kanadiske tamilar demonstrerer mot krigføringa på Sri Lanka. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Robert Thivierge, 2009</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Den første tamilske utvandringa skjedde samstundes som tamilske rike voks. Handelsreisande tamilar levde i Egypt, Thailand, på Java og på <a href="/wiki/Malakkahalv%C3%B8ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Malakkahalvøya">Malakkahalvøya</a>, der ein framleis finn ei klart tamilsk folkegruppe kalla <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chitty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chitty (sida finst ikkje)">chitty</a></i>. Det fanst til og med ein tamilsk ambassadør i Romarriket.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Storstilt tamilsk utvandring byrja i det 18. hundreåret då mange fattige tamilar blei sende til forskjellige delar av <a href="/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet">Det britiske imperiet</a> som arbeidarar under harde kontrakter, særleg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaya (sida finst ikkje)">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> og <a href="/wiki/Dei_karibiske_%C3%B8yane" class="mw-redirect" title="Dei karibiske øyane">dei karibiske øyane</a>. Det finst enno tamilske miljø i desse landa. På den same tida drog også tamilske forretningsmenn til andre delar av <a href="/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet">Det britiske imperiet</a>, særleg <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aust-Afrika" title="Aust-Afrika">Aust-Afrika</a>. Dei tamilske miljøa i <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, Sør-Afrika og Mauritius har halde på tamilsk språk og kultur. I Malaysia går dei fleste tamilske barna på skular der tamil er brukt i undervising, og dei fleste tamilar i Sørafrika og Mauritius har tamil som morsmål. Språket er ikkje levande lengre i tamilske miljø i andre land, men dei har likevel ein viktig tamilsk identitet. </p><p>Frå 1980-talet flykta mange tamilar frå <a href="/wiki/Borgarkrigen_p%C3%A5_Sri_Lanka" title="Borgarkrigen på Sri Lanka">borgarkrigen på Sri Lanka</a> og slo seg ned i <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Amerika" title="Nord-Amerika">Nord-Amerika</a> og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8raustasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Søraustasia">Søraustasia</a> som <a href="/wiki/Flyktning" title="Flyktning">flyktningar</a> frå borgarkrigen i <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>. I Noreg lever over 13 000 innvandrarar av srilankisk opphav, dei fleste tamilar.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange unge tamilske profesjonelle frå <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, særleg dataprogrammerarar, har også flytta til Europa og <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> som økonomiske utvandrar. Dei nye tamilske utvandrarmiljøa er meir integrerte i samfunnet der dei bur enn dei gamle miljøa var, og mange av dei har grunnlagt forskjellige kulturelle forbund for å verna og dyrka fram tamilsk språk og kultur i vesten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kultur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Religion"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg/220px-Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg/330px-Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg/440px-Brahmin_boy_ritual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahminar (sida finst ikkje)">brahminsk</a> gut i Tamil Nadu utfører ei hinduisk rite. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Abdullah Al Ameriki</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Dei fleste tamilar er <a href="/wiki/Hinduar" title="Hinduar">hinduar</a>, men ein finn også store grupper <a href="/wiki/Kristne" title="Kristne">kristne</a> og <a href="/wiki/Muslimar" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslimar">muslimar</a>. Både djainismen og buddhismen har vore viktige religionar i tidlegare tid, og det finst fortsatt nokre få djainar i delar av Tamil Nadu (kalla சமணர் <i>camaṇar</i> på tamil). Religiøs utøving kan ta forma av daglege handlingar, som å tenna oljelampar og seia ei bøn. Mange kvinner lager også daglege <i><a href="/wiki/Kolam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolam">kolam</a></i>-mønster på bakken eller andre overflatar ved å dryssa rismjøl i innvikla figurar. </p><p>Den viktigaste guden i tamilsk hinduisme er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murugan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murugan (sida finst ikkje)">Murugan</a>. Murugan var i opphav truleg ein sjølvstendig gud men han blei seinare tolka som sonen til <a href="/wiki/Sjiva" title="Sjiva">Sjiva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamilar dyrkar òg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modergudinna_Amman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modergudinna Amman (sida finst ikkje)">modergudinna Amman</a>, vernarguden <a href="/wiki/Ajjanar" title="Ajjanar">Ajjanar</a> og fleire ulike landsbygudar.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannagi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannagi (sida finst ikkje)">Kan̲n̲agi</a>, heltinna i det gamle eposet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilappatikaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilappatikaram (sida finst ikkje)">Cilappatikār̲am</a></i>, er dyrka under namnet Kannagi-amman eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pattini (sida finst ikkje)">Pattin̲i</a>, særleg på <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ganesja" title="Ganesja">Ganesja</a>, kalla Pillaiyar på tamil, er også svært folkekjær. Både Sjiva og Vishnu har òg svært mange dyrkarar. <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a>-rørsla, som er kjernen til moderne sjaivisme og vaisjnavisme, hadde sitt opphav i Tamil Nadu på 900-talet og spreidde seg vidare over resten av India derfrå. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg/220px-CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg/330px-CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg/440px-CSI_Communion_Church_of_the_Risen_Redeemer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Gudsteneste i <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_South_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of South India (sida finst ikkje)">Church of South India</a>, eit samanslått <a href="/wiki/Anglikansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglikansk">anglikansk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Protestantisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantisk">protestantisk</a> kyrkjesamfunn. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: L. Vivian Richard</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Kristendommen kom tidleg til Tamil Nadu. Ifølgje lokale legendar var det <a href="/wiki/Apostelen_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostelen Thomas">apostelen Thomas</a> som døypte dei første tamilske kristne. Dei fleste tamilar i dag stammar frå folk som blei kristna av europeiske misjonærar under kolonitida. Islam kom til dei tamilske områda med handelsfolk frå Arabia og byrja å veksa etter at Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed, truleg ein etterkomarar av Muhammmad, flytta til sørlege Tamil Nadu. </p><p>Den viktigaste tamilske feiringa er <a href="/wiki/Taippongal" class="mw-redirect" title="Taippongal">taippongal</a>, ein haustfest som vert feira i midten av januar av tamilar av alle religionar. Andre viktige festar er mellom anna <a href="/wiki/Den_tamilske_nytt%C3%A5rsdagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Den tamilske nyttårsdagen">den tamilske nyttårsdagen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaippusam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaippusam (sida finst ikkje)">thaippusam</a> som merker fødselen til Murugan og monsunfesten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiperukku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiperukku (sida finst ikkje)">adiperukku</a> som er tilknytt Amman. Vanlege religiøse høgtider, som <a href="/wiki/Dipavali" title="Dipavali">dipavali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">ramadan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jol" class="mw-redirect" title="Jol">jol</a>, blir òg feira. </p><p>På grunn av den sterke tamilske identiteten har Tamil Nadu ikkje hatt religiøse motsetjingar på same måte som mange andre delar av <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. På Sri Lanka, til motsats, har det vore stor motsetjing mellom tamil-talande muslimar, som ikkje definerer seg sjølv som tamilar, og tamilar av andre religionar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biletkunst">Biletkunst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Biletkunst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Biletkunst"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mamallapuram,_Shore_Temple,_Visitors,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg/220px-Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg/330px-Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg/440px-Mamallapuram%2C_Shore_Temple%2C_Visitors%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3764" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Hindutempelet ved stranda i <a href="/wiki/Mamallapuram" title="Mamallapuram">Mamallapuram</a> blei bygd av tamilar for over tusen år sidan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dei fleste eldre overleverte kunstverka og mange tradisjonelle tamilske kunstformer er religiøse med utgangspunkt i <a href="/wiki/Hinduismen" title="Hinduismen">hinduismen</a>. Som mykje anna <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8rasiatisk_kunst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sørasiatisk kunst (sida finst ikkje)">sørasiatisk kunst</a> er ikkje føremålet med framstillingane <a href="/wiki/Realisme" title="Realisme">realisme</a>, men å framstilla idealiserte former og idear. Som regel framstiller biletkunsta <a href="/wiki/Hindugudar" title="Hindugudar">hindugudar</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mytologi_i_hinduismen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mytologi i hinduismen (sida finst ikkje)">forteljingar</a>, men ho tek ofte i bruk religiøst stoff for å gje uttrykk for allmennmenneskelege tema.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finst fleire gamle, store tempelkompleks med døme på utskjeringar, skulpturar og måleri, som <a href="/wiki/Verdsarv" title="Verdsarv">verdsarvområdet</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamallapuram" title="Mamallapuram">Mamallapuram</a> med byggverk og skulpturar frå rundt 700-talet. Tamilske tempel er ofte utført som kjempemessige skulpturverk, med eit høgt, dekorert tårn, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopuram (sida finst ikkje)">gopuram</a>, over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_aller_heilagaste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det aller heilagaste (sida finst ikkje)">det aller heilagaste</a> og frå seinare tider også inngangsporten. Templa i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chidambaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chidambaram (sida finst ikkje)">Chidambaram</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srirangam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srirangam (sida finst ikkje)">Srirangam</a> har særskilt imponerande portar dekte med skulpturar og relieff frå hinduisk mytologi.<sup id="cite_ref-”Pillai”_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Pillai”-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/220px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/330px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/440px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption>Tsjolaskulptur av Nataradja, den dansande <a href="/wiki/Sjiva" title="Sjiva">Sjiva</a>. <div style="font-size:85%">Foto: Vassil</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Tamilsk skulptur er kjend for stor detaljrikdom og grasiøse former, både med metall og stein som materiale. Bronseskulpturar i <a href="/wiki/Cire_perdue" class="mw-redirect" title="Cire perdue">cire perdue</a>-teknikk, som er blitt laga i fleire hundreår, med ei stordomstid under <a href="/wiki/Tsjola" title="Tsjola">tsjolatida</a> på 8-900-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ei typisk avbilding er «nataradja», <a href="/wiki/Sjiva" title="Sjiva">Sjiva</a> som konge av <a href="/wiki/Dans" title="Dans">dans</a> i ein sirkel av eld. </p><p>Også tamilsk målarkunst er ofte detaljert og elegant, med djupe fargar. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanjorem%C3%A5leri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanjoremåleri (sida finst ikkje)">Tanjoremåleri</a>, ei form for måleri med pigment, halvedelsteinar, gull og sølv, er ein levande tradisjon som kan førast tilbake til <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a> (tidlegare Tanjore) på 1500-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utøvande_kunst"><span id="Ut.C3.B8vande_kunst"></span>Utøvande kunst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Utøvande kunst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utøvande kunst"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Divine_Music.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Divine_Music.jpg/220px-Divine_Music.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Divine_Music.jpg/330px-Divine_Music.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Divine_Music.jpg/440px-Divine_Music.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>Frå ei framføring av karnatisk musikk i Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tamilsk musikk finst i ei klassisk sørindisk form, <a href="/wiki/Karnatisk_musikk" title="Karnatisk musikk">karnatisk musikk</a>, som legg stor vekt på stemmen. Instrument blir brukt til å akkompagnera eller etterlikna song. Gamle tamilske verk som Cilappatikaram skildrar karnatiske <a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">ragaer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> medan ei <a href="/wiki/Pallava" title="Pallava">pallavainnskrift</a> frå 600-talet har eitt av dei eldste indiske døma på indisk musikknotasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moderne karnatisk musikk bygger på meloditypar (<i>rāgam</i>) og rytmetypar (<i>thāḷam</i>). Ulikt nordleg <a href="/wiki/Hindustanimusikk" title="Hindustanimusikk">hindustanimusikk</a> omfattar han nesten berre religiøse tema. </p><p>Medan karnatisk musikk er tilbakehalden og intellektuell er tamilsk folkemusikk ofte meir livleg og blir framført ved ulike høve, som bryllaup, nokre gravferder og ulike tilstellingar. Utbreidde former for folkemusikk er <i>naattupurapaattu</i>, ei balladeform, og <i>villuppattu</i>, forteljingar framførte saman med eit strengeinstrument. Begge typane musikk er blitt vidareførte i den populære tamilske filmmusikken, som også tek opp i seg element frå vestleg og nordindisk musikk. Viktige filmkomponistar er <a href="/w/index.php?title=M.S._Viswanathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M.S. Viswanathan (sida finst ikkje)">M.S. Viswanathan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilayaraaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilayaraaja (sida finst ikkje)">Ilayaraaja</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=A.R._Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A.R. Rahman (sida finst ikkje)">A.R. Rahman</a>. </p><p>Tamilar har ei rekkje ulike dansetradisjonar. <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a> står i ei særstilling som ei av seks hovudformer for <a href="/wiki/Klassisk_indisk_dans" title="Klassisk indisk dans">klassisk indisk dans</a>. Dansen inneheld ei rekkje innvikla stillingar, gester og ansiktsuttrykk og går ofte ut på å fortelja ei hinduisk soge. Han blir framført til karnatisk akkompagnement i stiliserte klede, typisk av kvinnelege dansarar, i seinare tid også av mannlege.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Folkedansar kan også vera religiøse, som <i>karakattam</i> ('krukkedans'), ein festivaldans utført for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgudinna_Amman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgudinna Amman (sida finst ikkje)">morgudinna Amman</a> der dansaren ber ei dekorert krukke riskorn på hovudet og utfører hopp og krumspring utan at noko fell ut, <i>mayilattam</i> ('påfugldans'), der dansarane ber <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5fugl" title="Påfugl">påfuglfjører</a> rundt livet til ære for Murugan, og <i>kavadiattam</i>, ein dans for menn som ber <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B8%B0avadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ḱavadi (sida finst ikkje)">ḱavadi</a></i>-innretningar med offer for gudane på pilegrimsferd. <i>Oyilattam</i> ('vakker dans') er ein rekkedans der ein vifter med farga tøystykke og syng songar om mytologiske heltar. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummi (sida finst ikkje)">Kummi</a></i> er ein sirkeldans akkompagnert av <a href="/wiki/Klapping" title="Klapping">klapping</a> som blir utført av kvinner ved særskilde høve, som pongalhøgtida. <i>Kolaattam</i> ('stokkedans') blir også berre dansa av kvinner som lager rytme ved hjelp av pinnar og tau som blir brukt til å forma mønster.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dansar og songar kan vera del av skodespel, som i <i>kuravanci</i>, som blir dansa og framført av fire til åtte kvinner, der ei av dei alltid opnar spelet som ei spåkvinne frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurava (sida finst ikkje)">kurava</a>-stammen. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therukoothu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Therukoothu (sida finst ikkje)">Therukoothu</a></i> ('gateteater') er ei teaterform som blir framført på opne plassar i landsbyar med få hjelpemiddel. Skodespelarane tek i bruk song og dans, og kan snakka med eller erta tilskodarane. Teaterforma kan syna fram religiøse og sekulære spel, og er i nyare tid blitt brukt til å ta opp samfunnsproblem og spreia informasjon.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamil Nadu har også ein tradisjon for sceneteater som har teke til seg mykje av vestleg drama. </p><p>Tamilar har også utvikla ein viktig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilsk_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamilsk film (sida finst ikkje)">filmindustri</a>, mykje av han frå det såkalla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kollywood (sida finst ikkje)">Kollywood</a> i Chennai, som er den andre største filmindustrien i i India.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamilsk film følgjer gjerne det indiske mønsteret med kjærleikssoger krydra med song, dans og mangfaldige kostyme, men har gjerne noko meir realistiske og samfunnskritiske historier.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filmstjerner nyt stor popularitet, og mange av dei har gått frå filmen til ei politisk karriere i Tamil Nadu.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Store noverande filmstjerner er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Hasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamal Hasan (sida finst ikkje)">Kamal Hasan</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajnikant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajnikant (sida finst ikkje)">Rajnikant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-emeneau1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-emeneau1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">M. B. Emeneau (Jan-March, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0097-8507%28195601%2F03%2932%3A1%3C3%3AIAALA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X">«India as a lingustic Area»</a>. <i>Language</i> <b>32</b> (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F410649">10.2307/410649</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 3. mai 2007</span>. «Of the four literary Dravidian languages, Tamil has voluminous records dating back at least two millennia»</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=India+as+a+lingustic+Area&rft.au=M.+B.+Emeneau&rft.chron=Jan-March%2C+1956&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.pages=5&rft.volume=32&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinks.jstor.org%2Fsici%3Fsici%3D0097-8507%2528195601%252F03%252932%253A1%253C3%253AIAALA%253E2.0.CO%253B2-X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F410649&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KI157-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KI157_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Indrapala, K <i>The Evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils of Sri Lanka</i>, p.155-156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSouthworth1998" class="citation">Southworth, Franklin C. (1998), «On the Origin of the word tamiz», <i>International Journal of Dravidial Linguistics</i> <b>27</b> (1): 129–132</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=On+the+Origin+of+the+word+tamiz&rft.aufirst=Franklin+C.&rft.aulast=Southworth&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Dravidial+Linguistics&rft.pages=129-132&rft.volume=27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, <cite id="CITEREFZvelebil1992" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamil_Zvelebil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamil Zvelebil (sida finst ikkje)">Zvelebil, Kamil V.</a> (1992), <i>Companion Studies to the history of Tamil literature</i>, Leiden: E.J. Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.aufirst=Kamil+V.&rft.aulast=Zvelebil&rft.btitle=Companion+Studies+to+the+history+of+Tamil+literature&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> at pp. x-xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteever1987" class="citation">Steever, Sanford (1987), «Review of Hellmar-Rajanayagam, Tamil als politisches Symbol», <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i> <b>107</b> (2): 355–356</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=Review+of+Hellmar-Rajanayagam%2C+Tamil+als+politisches+Symbol&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft.aulast=Steever&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.pages=355-356&rft.volume=107&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, <cite id="CITEREFAbraham2003" class="citation">Abraham, Shinu (2003), «Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using archaeological evidence to identify the Tamil kingdoms of early historic South India», <i>Asian Perspectives</i> <b>42</b> (2): 207–223</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=Chera%2C+Chola%2C+Pandya%3A+Using+archaeological+evidence+to+identify+the+Tamil+kingdoms+of+early+historic+South+India&rft.aufirst=Shinu&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.pages=207-223&rft.volume=42&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSubrahmanian1981" class="citation">Subrahmanian, N. (1981), <i>An introduction to Tamil literature</i>, Madras: Christian Literature Society</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.aulast=Subrahmanian&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Tamil+literature&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Madras&rft.pub=Christian+Literature+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Subrahmanian og <cite id="CITEREFParthasarathy1993" class="citation">Parthasarathy, R. (1993), <i>The Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal: An Epic of South India</i>, New York: Columbia University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/023107848X" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/023107848X">023107848X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Parthasarathy&rft.btitle=The+Cilappatikaram+of+Ilanko+Atikal%3A+An+Epic+of+South+India&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=023107848X&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ETEHar-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ETEHar_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iravatham Mahadevan, <i>Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D.</i>, s. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Indrapala, K <i>The Evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils of Sri Lanka</i>, ss. 214–215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13579685">Exodus of misery</a>» 30. april 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, <i>Foreign Notices of South India</i>, University of Madras, 1939 s. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/fig-2008-04-29-01.gif">Figur frå SSB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">M. Shanmugam Pillai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://murugan.org/research/shanmugampillai.htm">«Murukan in Cankam Literature: Veriyattu Tribal Worship»</a>. <i>First International Conference Seminar on Skanda-Murukan in Chennai, Dec. 28–30, 1998</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 6. desember 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=Murukan+in+Cankam+Literature%3A+Veriyattu+Tribal+Worship&rft.au=M.+Shanmugam+Pillai&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=First+International+Conference+Seminar+on+Skanda-Murukan+in+Chennai%2C+Dec.+28%9330%2C+1998.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmurugan.org%2Fresearch%2Fshanmugampillai.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnaiyer.com/hinduism/hist-34.html">«Principles and Practice of Hindu Religion»</a>. <i>Hindu Heritage Study Program</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 5. desember 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=Principles+and+Practice+of+Hindu+Religion&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindu+Heritage+Study+Program&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnaiyer.com%2Fhinduism%2Fhist-34.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">PK Balachandran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210184751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/5983_1657214,00430014.htm">«Tracing the Sri Lanka-Kerala link»</a>. <i>Hindustan Times March 23, 2006</i>. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/5983_1657214,00430014.htm">originalen</a> 10. desember 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 5. desember 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=Tracing+the+Sri+Lanka-Kerala+link&rft.au=PK+Balachandran&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times+March+23%2C+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fnews%2F5983_1657214%2C00430014.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> T.V. Mahalingam, Professor of Ancient History and Archaeology, University of Madras <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamilnation.org/art/tvmahalingam.htm">«Tamil Art & Architecture»</a>, Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, January 1968. Vitja 3. mai 2009. Coomaraswamy, A.K. (1946). <i>Figures of Speech or Figures of Thought</i>. London: Luzac & Co</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-”Pillai”-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-”Pillai”_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Pillai, Suresh B. (1976). <i>Introduction to the study of temple art</i>. Thanjavur: Equator and Meridian</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent,47,RAMA.html">«Heaven sent: Michael Wood explores the art of the Chola dynasty»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303072704/http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/ra-magazine/winter2006/features/heven-sent%2C47%2CRAMA.html">Arkivert</a> 2007-03-03 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ved royalacademy.org.uk, vitja 3. mai 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tanjore.net/tanjorepainting.htm">Tanjore – Painting</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061127223530/http://www.tanjore.net/tanjorepainting.htm">Arkivert</a> 2006-11-27 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ved tanjore.net, vitja 3. mai 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNijenhuis1974" class="citation">Nijenhuis, Emmie te (1974), <i>Indian Music: History and Structure</i>, Leiden: Brill, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkjelder/9004039783" title="Spesial:Bokkjelder/9004039783">9004039783</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.aufirst=Emmie+te&rft.aulast=Nijenhuis&rft.btitle=Indian+Music%3A+History+and+Structure&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9004039783&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> ss. 4-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWiddess1979" class="citation">Widdess, D. R. (1979), «The Kudumiyamalai inscription: a source of early Indian music in notation», i Picken, Laurence, <i>Musica Asiatica</i> <b>2</b>, London: Oxford University Press, s. 115–150</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.atitle=The+Kudumiyamalai+inscription%3A+a+source+of+early+Indian+music+in+notation&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft.aulast=Widdess&rft.btitle=Musica+Asiatica&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=115-150&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webonautics.com/ethnicindia/dances/bharatanatyam.html">BHARATA NATYAM</a> ved webonautics.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelmasti.com/domestic/tamilnadu/dances.htm">«Folk Dances Of Tamil Nadu»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114112101/http://www.travelmasti.com/domestic/tamilnadu/dances.htm">Arkivert</a> 2006-11-14 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ved travelmasti.com, vitja 3. mai 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427073449/http://www.eelavar.com/jaffna/pageview.php?ID=578&SID=119">«Tamil Art History»</a>. eelavar.com. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eelavar.com/jaffna/pageview.php?ID=578&SID=119">originalen</a> 27. april 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 5. desember 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.btitle=Tamil+Art+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=eelavar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eelavar.com%2Fjaffna%2Fpageview.php%3FID%3D578%26SID%3D119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090646/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/11/11/stories/2006111100670300.htm">«Striving hard to revive and refine ethnic dance form»</a>. hindu.com. Arkivert frå <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/11/11/stories/2006111100670300.htm">originalen</a> 1. oktober 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 5. desember 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3ATamilar&rft.btitle=Striving+hard+to+revive+and+refine+ethnic+dance+form&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=hindu.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fmp%2F2006%2F11%2F11%2Fstories%2F2006111100670300.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Etter <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> i Bombay. Tom Templeton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/nov/26/india.features1">«The states they're in»</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 26. november 2006. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bollywhat.com/beyond/tamil.html">«Tamil cinema»</a> ved bollywhat.com. Vitja 4. mai 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dei tidlegare filmstjernene <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._G._Ramachandran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. G. Ramachandran (sida finst ikkje)">M. G. Ramachandran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Jayalalithaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Jayalalithaa (sida finst ikkje)">J. Jayalalithaa</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Karunanidhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Karunanidhi (sida finst ikkje)">M. Karunanidhi</a> har alle vore delstatsminister i Tamil Nadu. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Henta frå «<a dir="ltr" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&oldid=3453719">https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamilar&oldid=3453719</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategoriar" title="Kategori:Kategoriar">Kategoriar</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tamilar" title="Kategori:Tamilar">Tamilar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tamil_Nadu" title="Kategori:Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sri_Lanka" title="Kategori:Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Utvalde_artiklar_2009" title="Kategori:Utvalde artiklar 2009">Utvalde artiklar 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Dravidiske_folk" title="Kategori:Dravidiske folk">Dravidiske folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Folkegrupper_%C3%A5tskild_av_riksgrenser" title="Kategori:Folkegrupper åtskild av riksgrenser">Folkegrupper åtskild av riksgrenser</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gøymde kategoriar: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_Webarchive-mal_som_lenker_til_Wayback_Machine" title="Kategori:Sider med Webarchive-mal som lenker til Wayback Machine">Sider med Webarchive-mal som lenker til Wayback Machine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_tekst_p%C3%A5_tamil" title="Kategori:Artiklar med tekst på tamil">Artiklar med tekst på tamil</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne sida vart sist endra den 2. januar 2023 kl. 21:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">All tekst er tilgjengeleg under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Namngjeving/Del på same vilkåra</a>. 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cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>73 språk</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt emne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66c7bc9456-8hcsv","wgBackendResponseTime":179,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.354","walltime":"0.548","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1302,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":26880,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":256,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":22382,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 313.145 1 -total"," 49.38% 154.639 1 Mal:Lang"," 45.45% 142.313 1 Mal:Fotnoteliste"," 14.54% 45.520 8 Mal:Citation"," 12.21% 38.250 1 Mal:Cite_journal"," 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