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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikibooks.org&uselang=cv" class=""><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikibooks.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Тĕп страница</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Тӗп страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div 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Ӑна мӗнле ҫырнине кӑна пӑхма пултаратӑр. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне пăх</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=edit"><span>Кодне пăх</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&oldid=6785" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&id=6785&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницӑна цитатӑла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D0%25BF_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D0%25BF_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичетлемелли верси</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-foundation mw-list-item"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Home" hreflang="en"><span>Фонд Викимедиа</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki" hreflang="en"><span>Медиавики</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Мета-вики</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-outreach mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Популяризация Викимедиа</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Многоязычная Викитека</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Викивиды</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Викиданные</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page" hreflang="en"><span>Викифункции</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikimania badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania" hreflang="en"><span>Викимания</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" hreflang="cv"><span>Википедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikibooks материалӗ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><table style="border:0px; border-spacing:0px; padding:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" style="width:68%;"> <table style="border:0px; border-spacing:0px; padding:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table style="border:0px; border-spacing:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#aaddaa; border:1px solid #aab2ff; line-height:9px;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border:1px solid gray; border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px; padding:0px"> <table style="margin:0px; border-spacing:5px; background-color: transparent; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:40px"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a 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title="Викикĕнеке: Халăх ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ"><img alt="Викикĕнеке: Халăх ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/48px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg/64px-Nuvola_apps_kuser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Викикĕнеке: Халăх ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ</figcaption></figure> </div> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке: Халăх ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Халăх ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке:Бизнес тата экономика кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Бизнес тата экономика</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%92%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%C3%BF_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Викикĕнеке:Вĕренÿ кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ">Вĕренÿ</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD-%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке:Кун-çул кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кун-çул</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Викикĕнеке:Чĕлхе кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ">Чĕлхе</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%99%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке:Йĕрке кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Йĕрке</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке: Халăх ăслăхĕсен кĕнекисен çÿлĕкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Халăх ăслăхĕсем</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:32px; height:32px; overflow:hidden;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none noresize" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Викикĕнеке: Компьютер ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ"><img alt="Викикĕнеке: Компьютер ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/32px-Nuvola_apps_display.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/48px-Nuvola_apps_display.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuvola_apps_display.png/64px-Nuvola_apps_display.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Викикĕнеке: Компьютер ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ</figcaption></figure> </div> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке: Компьютер ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Компьютер ăслăхĕсен уйрăмĕ</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C3%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке: Компьютер ăслăхĕсен çÿлĕкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Компьютер ăслăхĕсем</a> – <a 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typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%C3%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Викикĕнеке: Гуманитари ăслăхĕсем тата ÿнер кĕнекисен уйрăмĕ"><img alt="Викикĕнеке: Гуманитари ăслăхĕсем тата ÿнер кĕнекисен уйрăмĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png/32px-Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png/48px-Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png/64px-Nuvola_apps_kcoloredit.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption>Викикĕнеке: 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технологийĕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupal_%D0%9A%D0%9C%D0%A1_%D1%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%C4%95%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Drupal КМС чăвашла локализаци ĕçĕ">Drupal КМС чăвашла локализаци ĕçĕ</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt><small>1000 кĕнеке ытла:</small></dt></dl> <div style="font-size:120%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Deutsch (German)</a> - <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:">English </a> - <a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="es:">Español (Spanish)</a> - <a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">Français (French)</a> - <a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="he:">עברית (Hebrew)</a> - <a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hu:">Magyar (Hungarian)</a> - <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="it:">Italiano (Italian)</a> - <a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ja:">日本語 (Japanese)</a> - <a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nl:">Nederlands (Dutch)</a> - <a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pl:">Polski (Polish)</a> - <a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pt:">Português (Portuguese)</a> </p> </div> <dl><dt><small>100 кĕнеке ытла:</small></dt></dl> <div style="font-size:100%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ar:">العربية (Arabic)</a> - <a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="id:">Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)</a> - <a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bg:">Български (Bulgarian)</a> - <a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ca:">Català (Catalan)</a> - <a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh:">中文 (Chinese)</a> - <a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cs:">Čeština (Czech)</a> - <a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="da:">Dansk (Danish)</a> - <a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ang:">Englisc (Old English)</a> - <a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="eo:">Esperanto</a> - <a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fa:">فارسی (Persian/Farsi)</a> - <a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gl:">Galego (Galician)</a> - <a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="is:">Íslenska (Icelandic)</a> - <a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ko:">한국어 (Korean)</a> - <a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="lt:">Lietuvių (Lithuanian)</a> - <a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mk:">Македонски (Macedonian)</a> - <a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="no:">Norsk (Norwegian)</a> - <a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">русский (Russian)</a> - <a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sr:">српски (Serbian)</a> - <a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sq:">Shqip (Albanian)</a> - <a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sk:">Slovenčina (Slovak)</a> - <a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fi:">Suomi (Finnish)</a> - <a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sv:">Svenska (Swedish)</a> - <a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ta:">தமிழ் (Tamil)</a> - <a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">ไทย (Thai)</a> - <a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tr:">Türkçe (Turkish)</a> - <a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="uk:">українська (Ukrainian)</a> </p> </div> <dl><dt><small>10 кĕнеке ытла:</small></dt></dl> <div style="font-size:90%; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em;"> <p><small> <a href="https://als.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="als:">Alemannisch (Alemannic German)</a> - <a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hy:">Հայերեն (Armenian)</a> - <a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="be:">Беларуская (Belarusian)</a> - <a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bn:">বাংলা (Bengali)</a> - <a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bs:">Bosanski (Bosnian)</a> - <a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="su:">Basa Sunda (Sundanese)</a> - <b>Чăваш</b> - <a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cy:">Cymraeg (Welsh)</a> - <a href="https://na.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="na:">Dorerin Naoero (Nauruan)</a> - <a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="el:">Ελληνικά (Greek)</a> - <a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="et:">Eesti (Estonian)</a> - <a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fy:">Frysk (West Frisian)</a> - <a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ka:">ქართული (Georgian)</a> - <a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="el:">Ελληνικά (Greek)</a> - <a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hr:">Hrvatski (Croatian)</a> - <a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ia:">Interlingua</a> - <a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ie:">Interlingue</a> - <a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ku:">Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)</a> - <a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:">Latina (Latin)</a> - <a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ml:">മലയാളം (Malayalam)</a> - <a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mr:">मराठी (Marathi)</a> - <a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ro:">Română (Romanian)</a> - <a href="https://simple.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="simple:Main Page">Simple English</a> - <a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sl:">Slovenščina (Slovenian)</a> - <a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tl:">Tagalog</a> - <a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="te:">తెలుగు (Telugu)</a> - <a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tt:">Tatar</a> - <a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Trang_Ch%C3%ADnh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trang Chính">Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)</a> - <a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ur:">اردو (Urdu)</a> </small> </p> </div> <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" class="plainlinks"> <p><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikibooks.org">Викикĕнеке порталĕ</a> - <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikibooks#List_of_Wikibooks" class="extiw" title="m:List of Wikibooks">Мĕн пур Викикĕнеке</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5:%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Викикĕнеке:Чĕлхесен çыхăнăвĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Чĕлхесен çыхăнăвĕ</a> </p> </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="2" width="95%" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Пайта шыраман <a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="w:Викимедиа">Викимедиа</a> фончĕ <b>Викихыпара</b> тата <a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95" class="extiw" title="w:Википеди:Чĕлхесен çыхăнăвĕ">темиçе чĕлхеллĕ</a>, <a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="w:Википеди:Тăмхасем">ирĕклĕ шалашлă</a> проектсене йĕркеленĕ. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Мета-Вики"><img alt="Мета-Вики" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/20px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/40px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="m:Тĕп страница"><b>Мета-Вики</b></a> - йĕркелевĕш </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Википеди"><img alt="Википеди" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="w:Тĕп страница"><b>Википеди</b></a> - ирĕклĕ энциклопеди </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викисăмахсар"><img alt="Викисăмахсар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/42px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:Тĕп страница"><b>Викисăмахсар</b></a> - ирĕклĕ сăмахсар </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викихыпар"><img alt="Викихыпар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/20px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="n:Тĕп страница"><b>Викихыпар</b></a> - ирĕклĕ хыпарсем </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="s:Тĕп страница"><b>Викивулавăш</b></a> - ирĕклĕ вулавăш </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викикаларăш"><img alt="Викикаларăш" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="q:Тĕп страница"><b>Викикаларăш</b></a> - каларăшсен пуххи </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викитĕс"><img alt="Викитĕс" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Тĕп страница"><b>Викитĕс</b></a> - биологи тĕсĕсем </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викиçÿпçе"><img alt="Викиçÿпçе" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Тĕп страница"><b>Викиçÿпçе</b></a> - медиа çÿпçе </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wikiversity-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Викиверситет"><img alt="Викиверситет" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/20px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/40px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="https://cv.wikiversity.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="v:Тĕп страница"><b>Викиверситет</b></a> - ирĕклĕ вĕренÿ хатĕрĕсем </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="https://ak.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ak:">ak:</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 120 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-aa mw-list-item"><a href="https://aa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="афарский" lang="aa" hreflang="aa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Qafár af" data-language-local-name="афарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qafár af</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бислама" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бислама" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="чаморро" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="чаморро" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="готский" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="готский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikibooks.org/wiki/Veurblaad" title="Veurblaad — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurblaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="маори" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маори" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-na mw-list-item"><a href="https://na.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="науру" lang="na" hreflang="na" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dorerin Naoero" data-language-local-name="науру" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dorerin Naoero</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="норвежский" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="норвежский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="романшский" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романшский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="северносаамский" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%88%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%81%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ — шанский" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼႃႈႁူဝ်ႁႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Саҳифаи аслӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Саҳифаи аслӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="чжуань" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5296#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ку страницăна юлашки хут 21 Авӑн уйӑхӗн 2017 17:22 улӑштарнӑ.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензипе</a> сарӑлать, хӑшпӗр чухне хушма условисем пулма пултараҫҫӗ. 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