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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agencies_and_commercialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agencies_and_commercialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Agencies and commercialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agencies_and_commercialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The VTuber trend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_VTuber_trend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use in marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">VTuber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="يوتيوبر افتراضي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوتيوبر افتراضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_YouTuber" title="Virtual YouTuber – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virtual YouTuber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuala_jutubisto" title="Virtuala jutubisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virtuala jutubisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="یوتیوبر مجازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوتیوبر مجازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youtubeur_virtuel" title="Youtubeur virtuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Youtubeur virtuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EC%B8%84%EC%96%BC_%EC%9C%A0%ED%8A%9C%EB%B2%84" title="버츄얼 유튜버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버츄얼 유튜버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTuber_virtual" title="YouTuber virtual – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="YouTuber virtual" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTuber_virtuale" title="YouTuber virtuale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="YouTuber virtuale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTuber_Virtual" title="YouTuber Virtual – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="YouTuber Virtual" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C3%A1lis_youtuber" title="Virtuális youtuber – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virtuális youtuber" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penggiat_YouTube_maya" title="Penggiat YouTube maya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penggiat YouTube maya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC" title="အသွင်ယောင် ယူကျုဘာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသွင်ယောင် ယူကျုဘာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%ABYouTuber" title="バーチャルYouTuber – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーチャルYouTuber" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A" title="វីធូអាលយូធូប៊ឺរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីធូអាលយូធូប៊ឺរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vtuber" title="Vtuber – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vtuber" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTuber_Virtual" title="YouTuber Virtual – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="YouTuber Virtual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Виртуальный ютубер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виртуальный ютубер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vtubettaja" title="Vtubettaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vtubettaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เวอร์ชวลยูทูบเบอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวอร์ชวลยูทูบเบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanal_YouTuber" title="Sanal YouTuber – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanal YouTuber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Віртуальний ютубер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віртуальний ютубер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTuber_%E1%BA%A3o" title="YouTuber ảo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="YouTuber ảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="VTuber" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55155641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%ABYouTuber" class="extiw" title="ja:バーチャルYouTuber">the corresponding article</a> in Japanese</b>.  <i><small>(2025-02-11)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_Japanese#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Japanese">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 1,561 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Japanese Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:バーチャルYouTuber]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ja|バーチャルYouTuber}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:VTuber" title="Talk:VTuber">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Streamers that use virtual avatars</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/220px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/330px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png/440px-Kizuna_AI_-_SCP_Foundation_2.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a> was the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity.</figcaption></figure><p>A <b>VTuber</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">ブイチューバー</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">BuiChūbā</i></span>)</span> or <b>virtual YouTuber</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">バーチャルユーチューバー</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">bācharu YūChūbā</i></span>)</span> is an online entertainer who uses a virtual <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a> generated using <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a>. Real-time motion capture <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> or technology are often—but not always—used to capture movement. The digital trend originated in Japan in the mid-2010s, and has become an international online phenomenon in the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of VTubers are English- and Japanese-speaking <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Live_streamers" class="mw-redirect" title="Live streamers">live streamers</a> who use avatar designs. By 2020, there were more than 10,000 active VTubers.<sup id="cite_ref-PANORA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANORA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term is an allusion to the video platform <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, they also use websites such as <a href="/wiki/Niconico" title="Niconico">Niconico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a>. </p><p>The first entertainer to use the phrase "virtual YouTuber", <a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a>, began <a href="/wiki/Content_creation" title="Content creation">creating content</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in late 2016. Her popularity sparked a VTuber trend in Japan, and it spurred the establishment of specialized agencies to promote them, including major ones such as <a href="/wiki/Hololive_Production" title="Hololive Production">Hololive Production</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nijisanji" title="Nijisanji">Nijisanji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">VShojo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fansub" title="Fansub">Fan translations</a> and foreign-language VTubers have marked a rise in the trend's international popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtual YouTubers have appeared in domestic advertising campaigns and have broken livestream-related world records. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png/300px-%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png/450px-%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png/600px-%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%82%AF.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of a VTuber <a href="/wiki/Livestream" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestream">stream</a>, with viewers communicating live with the character. The character/performer shown is Fushimi Gaku of <a href="/wiki/Nijisanji" title="Nijisanji">Nijisanji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg/220px-Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg/330px-Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg/440px-Animal_VTuber_toucan_Yasaihime_VP.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>A VTuber presented in the animal form of a <a href="/wiki/Toco_toucan" title="Toco toucan">Toco Toucan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>VTubers are online entertainers who are typically <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Online_streamer" title="Online streamer">live streamers</a>. They use avatars created with programs such as <a href="/wiki/Live2D" title="Live2D">Live2D</a>, portraying characters designed by online artists.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VTubers are not bound by physical limitations, and many of them engage in activities that are unconstrained by their real-world identity.<sup id="cite_ref-dazon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dazon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some VTubers, particularly those from <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">marginalized</a> communities, choose to use avatars to reflect their <a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">online identity</a> for personal comfort and safety reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> VTubers may use their avatars as a means to better reflect their preferred presentation to their audience.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VTubers often portray themselves as a <a href="/wiki/Kayfabe" title="Kayfabe">kayfabe</a> character, not unlike <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mace_(wrestler)" title="Mace (wrestler)">Mace</a>, a <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a> wrestler who himself began streaming on Twitch as a VTuber in 2021, remarked that the two professions were "literally the same thing".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VTubers are associated with <a href="/wiki/Japanese_popular_culture" title="Japanese popular culture">Japanese popular culture</a> and aesthetics, such as <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dazon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dazon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Moe_anthropomorphism" title="Moe anthropomorphism">moe anthropomorphism</a> with human or non-human traits.<sup id="cite_ref-dazon_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dazon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some VTubers use <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> avatars, non-human characters such as animals.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Video_game_live_streaming#Equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game live streaming">Video game live streaming § Equipment</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immanuelle_wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Immanuelle_wave.gif/220px-Immanuelle_wave.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Immanuelle_wave.gif/330px-Immanuelle_wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Immanuelle_wave.gif/440px-Immanuelle_wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>A VTuber using hand tracking</figcaption></figure> <p>A VTuber's avatar is typically animated using a <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcam</a> and software, which <a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">captures</a> the streamer's motions, expressions, and <a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">mouth movements</a>, and maps them to a two- or three-dimensional model. Both free and paid programs have been developed for loading models and performing <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>, with some capable of being used without a webcam (albeit with pre-determined animations), and some also supporting <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> hardware, or <a href="/wiki/Hand_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand tracking">hand tracking</a> devices such as the <a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion Controller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some programs offload motion tracking to external <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone cameras</a> via <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a> to save system resources, and take advantage of hardware features (such as <a href="/wiki/Face_ID" title="Face ID">Face ID</a> on <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>) that can enable more precise motion capture.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, VTube Studio released an update allowing for <a href="/wiki/AI_accelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="AI accelerator">AI-accelerated</a> facial motion capture using <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_RTX" title="Nvidia RTX">Nvidia RTX</a> graphics cards.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> animation software <a href="/wiki/Live2D" title="Live2D">Live2D</a> is typically used to <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">rig</a> two-dimensional models constructed from drawn textures, while programs such as VRoid Studio can be used to create three-dimensional models.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commissioned models can cost as high as <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>2,000 depending on their level of detail.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, some VTubers, colloquially known as "PNGTubers" (in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> image format), use static <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprites</a> as opposed to a rigged model.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agencies_and_commercialization">Agencies and commercialization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Agencies and commercialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major VTubers are often employed by <a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">talent agencies</a>, with business models influenced by those used by <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">Japanese idol</a> agencies. Streamers are employed by an agency (sometimes via open auditions)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to portray characters developed by the company, which are then commercialized via merchandising and other promotional appearances, as well as traditional revenue streams such as <a href="/wiki/Video_advertising" title="Video advertising">monetization of their videos</a>, and viewer donations.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another holdover from idol groups is the use of the term "graduation" to refer to a VTuber retiring their character and/or leaving an agency on amicable terms.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hashimoto-2024_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hashimoto-2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In agencies, a VTuber's character and other assets are often the <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> of the agency; former corporate VTubers may transition to streaming independently under an alternate persona, with their past identity treated as an <a href="/wiki/Open_secret" title="Open secret">open secret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some agencies and groups, such as U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">VShojo</a>, focus primarily on recruiting and promoting existing independent VTubers as a collective team, rather than hiring streamers to portray proprietary characters.<sup id="cite_ref-HollywoodReporter_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollywoodReporter-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 12, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novel</a> maker <a href="/wiki/Nitroplus" title="Nitroplus">Nitroplus</a> began uploading videos to its YouTube channel featuring an animated 3D version of its mascot <a href="/wiki/Super_Sonico" title="Super Sonico">Super Sonico</a>, who would usually talk to the audience about herself or about releases related to the company.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (October 2022)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On June 13, 2011, UK-based Japanese <a href="/wiki/Vlogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlogger">vlogger</a> <a href="/wiki/Ami_Yamato" title="Ami Yamato">Ami Yamato</a> uploaded her first video, which featured an animated, virtual avatar speaking to the camera.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Japanese company Weathernews Inc. debuted a <a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid</a>-styled character called Weatheroid Type A Airi on SOLiVE24, a 24-hour weather live stream on <a href="/wiki/Nico_Nico_Douga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nico Nico Douga">Nico Nico Douga</a>, on YouTube and their website.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (October 2022)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2014, Airi got her own solo program every Thursday and began live broadcasting with <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2014 the FaceRig indie software launched on Indiegogo as an EU crowdfunding project, and later that year it was released on <a href="/wiki/Steam_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam (software)">Steam</a>, becoming the first software suite that enabled live avatars at home via face motion capture that started being actively used on streaming websites and YouTube. The Live2D software module enabling 2D avatars and was added one year later in 2015 in collaboration with Live2D, Inc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakout">Breakout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Breakout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hololive_Production_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hololive_Production_logo.svg/250px-Hololive_Production_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hololive_Production_logo.svg/330px-Hololive_Production_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hololive_Production_logo.svg/500px-Hololive_Production_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hololive_Production" title="Hololive Production">Hololive Production</a>, under Cover Corporation, manages over 90 VTubers from around the world across six branches; hololive, hololive ID, hololive EN, HOLOSTARS, HOLOSTARS EN and hololive DEV_IS.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nijisanji_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nijisanji_logo.svg/220px-Nijisanji_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nijisanji_logo.svg/330px-Nijisanji_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nijisanji_logo.svg/440px-Nijisanji_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="69" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nijisanji" title="Nijisanji">Nijisanji</a>, under AnyColor Inc., manages over 160 VTubers from around the world across two branches; NIJISANJI and NIJISANJI EN.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VShojo_logo_(2020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg/220px-VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg/330px-VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg/440px-VShojo_logo_%282020%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">VShojo</a> was founded in November 2020 as one of the first VTuber agencies based in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 2016, <a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a>, the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made her debut on YouTube. She was the first to coin and use the term "virtual YouTuber". Created by digital production company Activ8 and voice-acted by Nozomi Kasuga,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kizuna AI created a sense of "real intimacy" with fans, as she was responsive to their questions. Within ten months, she had over two million subscribers and later became a culture ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Tourism_Organization" title="Japan National Tourism Organization">Japan National Tourism Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kizuna AI's popularity can be attributed to the oversaturation of traditional webcam YouTubers and for aspects of characters that the audience would not expect. For example, despite her otherwise juvenile appearance, Kizuna AI often uses profanity in her videos when she gets frustrated while playing a game.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_VTuber_trend">The VTuber trend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The VTuber trend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kizuna AI's sudden popularity sparked a VTuber trend.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between May and mid-July 2018, the number of active VTubers increased from 2,000 to 4,000.<sup id="cite_ref-VTubers_Japan_Times_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTubers_Japan_Times-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaguya_Luna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaguya Luna (page does not exist)">Kaguya Luna</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E5%A4%9C%E6%9C%88" class="extiw" title="ja:輝夜月">ja</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirai_Akari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirai Akari (page does not exist)">Mirai Akari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA" class="extiw" title="ja:ミライアカリ">ja</a>]</span> followed Kizuna as the second and third most popular VTubers, with 750,000 and 625,000 subscribers respectively. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekomiya_Hinata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekomiya Hinata (page does not exist)">Nekomiya Hinata</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%AE%AE%E3%81%B2%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:猫宮ひなた">ja</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siro_(entertainer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siro (entertainer) (page does not exist)">Siro</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%84%B3%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:電脳少女シロ">ja</a>]</span>, two other early VTubers, each gained followings of 500,000 in six months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtmazginBen-Ari202077-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the beginning of 2018, Anycolor Inc. (then known as Ichikara) founded the VTuber agency <a href="/wiki/Nijisanji" title="Nijisanji">Nijisanji</a>. Nijisanji helped popularise the use of Live2D models instead of the prior focus on 3D models as well as the shift towards livestreaming instead of edited video and clips that was the standard for VTubers like Kizuna Ai.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cover Corporation, a company that was originally developing <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> software, shifted its focus to VTubers by establishing <a href="/wiki/Hololive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hololive">Hololive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After their initial success in Japan, the trend began to expand internationally via their appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Anime_and_manga_fandom" title="Anime and manga fandom">anime and manga fandom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agencies like Hololive and Nijisanji created branches in China, South Korea, Indonesia, and India, as well as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-language</a> branches targeting a global audience. Meanwhile, independent VTubers began to appear in many countries, from Japan to the United States. In July 2018, VTubers had a collective subscriber count of 12.7 million, and more than 720 million total views.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By January 2020, there were over 10,000 VTubers.<sup id="cite_ref-PANORA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANORA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> led to an overall increase in viewership of video game live streaming in general in 2020, which helped contribute to the growth of VTubers into a mainstream phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Searches on <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> for VTuber related content increased over 2020, leading towards the September 2020 launch of Hololive's English branch.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2020, seven of the ten largest <a href="/wiki/Super_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Chat">Super Chat</a> earners of all time on YouTube were VTubers, including <a href="/wiki/Hololive_Production" title="Hololive Production">Hololive</a> member <a href="/wiki/Kiryu_Coco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryu Coco">Kiryu Coco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E7%94%9F%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:桐生ココ">ja</a>]</span> at number one, who by that time had earned approximately <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>85 million (approximately <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>800,000 in 2020).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VTubers accounted for 38% of YouTube's 300 most profitable channels, with a total revenue of US$26,229,911 (roughly half of which being viewer donations).<sup id="cite_ref-:7_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the popularity of VTubers continued to rise on <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a>, with a host of several notable English-speaking VTubers such as <a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">VShojo</a> members <a href="/wiki/Projekt_Melody" title="Projekt Melody">Projekt Melody</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ironmouse" title="Ironmouse">Ironmouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pokimane" title="Pokimane">Pokimane</a> also experimented with avatar-based streams using a model commissioned from a VTuber artist.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, Anycolor created an "Aggressive Acts and Slander Countermeasure Team" to offer counselling to victims of harassment and take legal measures against perpetrators of harassment, specifically the online harassment plaguing the Japanese entertainment industry. This announcement came in the wake of Hololive's VTuber Mano Aloe's retirement after only two weeks of activity due to online harassment.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>YouTube's 2020 Culture and Trends report highlights VTubers as one of the notable trends of that year, with 1.5 billion views per month by October.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 30, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Kizuna_AI" title="Kizuna AI">Kizuna AI</a> was chosen as one of Asia's top 60 influencers.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, Twitch added a VTuber tag for streams as part of a wider expansion of its tag system.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2021, <a href="/wiki/Gawr_Gura" title="Gawr Gura">Gawr Gura</a>—a member of Hololive's first English branch—overtook Kizuna Ai as the most-subscribed VTuber on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cover's CEO Motoaki "Yagoo" Tanigo was selected as one of the Japan's Top 20 Entrepreneurs by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> Japan in its January 2022 issue.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month, in the midst of a subathon event, <a href="/wiki/Ironmouse" title="Ironmouse">Ironmouse</a> accumulated the largest number of active paid subscriptions of all streamers on the platform at that point in time, although still behind an overall record previously set by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ahgren" title="Ludwig Ahgren">Ludwig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to data provided by parent company <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, VTubing content on Twitch grew by 467% in 2021 compared with a year earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2022, the independent VTuber <a href="/wiki/Neuro-sama" title="Neuro-sama">Neuro-sama</a> gained attention on Twitch for its use of a <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language model</a> attached to a <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> system to interact with her audience.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2024, Anycolor faced criticism over the treatment of its talent, following the termination of its contract with Nijisanji EN streamer Selen Tatsuki. The company cited "repeated breaches of contract", "misleading statements on social platforms", and actions causing payment delays for commissions to fan creators. In subsequent statements (as independent VTuber Dokibird), she stated that she had been hospitalized in December 2023 as a result of "bullying from within", and she had been in a "toxic and poor environment for numerous months that led to my breaking point". The claims regarding payments for commissions were also refuted by artists who had worked on content for Tatsuki—who had paid them personally.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hashimoto-2024_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hashimoto-2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Criticism over Nijisanji's handling and response to the controversy resulted in declines to Anycolor's stock price, multiple Nijisanji streamers announcing that they would take a hiatus from social media activity.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hashimoto-2024_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hashimoto-2024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, VTuber Ironmouse hit over 320,000 active paid subscribers on Twitch, surpassing the previous record holder, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Cenat" title="Kai Cenat">Kai Cenat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 1, 2025, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) VTuber <a href="/wiki/Neuro-sama" title="Neuro-sama">Neuro-sama</a> broke the all-time hype train record on Twitch, reaching level 111 and surpassing the previous record holder, Pirate Software, who reached level 106.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_marketing">Use in marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Use in marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebasei_Kokoro.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nebasei_Kokoro.png/220px-Nebasei_Kokoro.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nebasei_Kokoro.png/330px-Nebasei_Kokoro.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nebasei_Kokoro.png/440px-Nebasei_Kokoro.png 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebasei_Cocoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebasei Cocoro (page does not exist)">Nebasei Cocoro</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%BE%BD%E6%B8%85%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:根羽清ココロ">ja</a>]</span>, a VTuber and representative for Japanese corporation <a href="/wiki/Rohto_Pharmaceutical" title="Rohto Pharmaceutical">Rohto Pharmaceutical</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to their popularity, companies and organizations have used virtual YouTubers as a method of advertising or bringing attention to a product or service. When <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a> announced the release of the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_XS" title="IPhone XS">iPhone XS</a> and XS Max in 2018, Kizuna AI appeared at the event and promoted the products on her channel.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some organizations and companies have employed their own VTuber characters as <a href="/wiki/Mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Mascots">mascots</a> within marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-Nikkei_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nikkei-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the governments of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_Prefecture" title="Ibaraki Prefecture">Ibaraki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefectures</a> (promoted by the characters Ibaraki Hiyori and <a href="/wiki/Ui_Nema" title="Ui Nema">Ui Nema</a>, respectively),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the streaming service <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> (which developed the character N-ko to appear in videos promoting its anime content),<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> (who planned to have in-character streams with <a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_(character)" title="Sonic the Hedgehog (character)">Sonic the Hedgehog</a> and his Japanese voice actor <a href="/wiki/Jun%27ichi_Kanemaru" title="Jun'ichi Kanemaru">Jun'ichi Kanemaru</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anime streaming service <a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a> (which launched a YouTube channel for its mascot Crunchyroll-Hime in October 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_SoftBank_Hawks" title="Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks">Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks</a> baseball team has two VTuber mascots, named Takamine Umi (also known as Hawk Kannon Sea) and Aritaka Hina, both unveiled in 2020. They have their own <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel and their own <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> accounts. Occasionally, they make appearances on the <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_PayPay_Dome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukuoka PayPay Dome">Fukuoka PayPay Dome's</a> videoboard.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Gree_(Japanese_company)#REALITY" title="Gree (Japanese company)">Wright Flyer Live Entertainment</a> released a mobile application allowing VTubers to live stream videos while monetizing them and connecting with their viewers. In a news conference in Tokyo, the head of Wright Flyer Live Entertainment stated, "just increasing the number [of VTubers] is not that effective. We want them to keep on doing their activities. [To do that], gaining fans and monetization are essential. So, we are providing a platform to support that".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed Wright Flyer Live Entertainment's parent company <a href="/wiki/Gree,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Gree, Inc.">Gree, Inc.</a>'s ¥10 billion ($89.35 million) investment in VTubers, as well as a ¥10 billion sales target by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-VTubers_Japan_Times_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTubers_Japan_Times-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 24, 2019, VTuber Kaguya Luna, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Nissin_Foods" title="Nissin Foods">Nissin Foods</a> to advertise its Yakisoba UFO noodles, held a live stream with a smartphone attached to a helium balloon. By the end of the stream, the smartphone reached an altitude of 30 kilometres (19 mi) above sea level and was noted by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as being the live stream recorded at the highest altitude, breaking the previous record of 18.42 kilometres (11.45 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Good_Smile_Company" title="Good Smile Company">Good Smile Company</a> has begun producing <a href="/wiki/Nendoroid" title="Nendoroid">nendoroids</a> of Kizuna Ai in 2018, with a full push for various Japanese and international VTuber PVC-made statues since the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Japanese VTubers Ayapan and Jajami were invited by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embassy_of_Brazil,_Tokyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embassy of Brazil, Tokyo (page does not exist)">Brazilian embassy</a> in Tokyo, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, in November to present their content made for the Brazilian public and how VTuber works, where they had a meeting with Ambassador Eduardo Paes Saboia, being the first contact of VTubers with a Brazilian authority.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Hololive_Production" title="Hololive Production">Hololive</a> English member Gawr Gura made a cameo appearance in an anime-themed ad by American fast food chain <a href="/wiki/Taco_Bell" title="Taco Bell">Taco Bell</a> (which premiered to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in Tokyo).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2022, Hololive member Inugami Korone became the official brand ambassador for the <i><a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog" title="Sonic the Hedgehog">Sonic the Hedgehog</a></i> franchise in Japan. She would later appear in the <i><a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_2_(film)" title="Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (film)">Sonic the Hedgehog 2</a></i> film as the voice actress for one of the characters in the Japanese dub, and Korone-themed <a href="/wiki/Downloadable_content" title="Downloadable content">downloadable content</a> would be released for the game <i><a href="/wiki/Sonic_Frontiers" title="Sonic Frontiers">Sonic Frontiers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also made a cameo appearance in an episode of <a href="/wiki/Yo-kai_Watch#Anime" title="Yo-kai Watch"><i>Yo-kai Watch</i></a> that aired in March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, <a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a> member <a href="/wiki/Kazunari_Ninomiya" title="Kazunari Ninomiya">Kazunari Ninomiya</a>, who's been working with <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_%26_Dragons" title="Puzzle & Dragons">Puzzle & Dragons</a> since 2014 (with Arashi, and from 2021 as himself), became a VTuber for the latest CM campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> held a promotional night with Hololive Production during a game against the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a>, featuring Hololive talents Usada Pekora, Gawr Gura, and Hoshimachi Suisei.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2025, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a> debuted its official Vtuber mascots Mo and Faye Ayato, making them the world's first official university Vtubers. <sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The virtual ambassadors would stream to review student work from the university's School of Interactive Arts and Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/40px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wikipe-tan_face.svg/60px-Wikipe-tan_face.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga" title="Portal:Anime and manga">Anime and manga portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/40px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniforms" title="Aniforms">Aniforms</a> – Interactive real-time character animation process</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar (computing)</a> – Graphical representation of a user or a user's alter ego or character</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_creation" title="Content creation">Content creation</a> – Contribution of information to any media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influencer" title="Influencer">Influencer</a> – Person who is influential on social media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity" title="Internet celebrity">Internet celebrity</a> – Person who has become famous through their use of the Internet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">Japanese idol</a> – Type of entertainer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_popular_culture" title="Japanese popular culture">Japanese popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> – Collective three-dimensional virtual shared space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_streamer" title="Online streamer">Online streamer</a> – Influencer who broadcasts a live stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Japan">Video gaming in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_actor" title="Virtual actor">Virtual actor</a> – (Re-)creation of a human being in image and voice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_human" title="Virtual human">Virtual character</a> – Computer simulation of a person (for other virtual personality concepts)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/Fixing_links" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Fixing links"><span title="Link needs disambiguation (November 2024)">disambiguation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual idol</a> – Real musical group with fictional members</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_influencer" title="Virtual influencer">Virtual influencer</a> – Computer generated character used for social media marketing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vtuber_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Vtuber Awards">Vtuber Awards</a> – Annual awards presented to VTubers<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://restofworld.org/2021/vtubers/">"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The internet has seen a torrent of different types of 'VTubers' over the last year, and while some models are fusions of humans and creatures, few have broken through as straight-up animals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=The+otter+who+became+an+accidental+VTuber+star&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2021%2F2%2F18%2F22289309%2Ftwitch-vtuber-chester-otter-vr-kris-yim-animation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartinello2021" class="citation web cs1">Martinello, Eva (January 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/the-best-vtuber-software">"The best VTuber software"</a>. <i>Dot Esports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901020943/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/the-best-vtuber-software">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%ABYouTuber%E3%80%814%2C000%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%92%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4+%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%B0%E3%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%A8%887%E5%84%842%E5%8D%83%E4%B8%87%E5%9B%9E%E3%81%AB&rft.pub=Mogura+VR&rft.date=2018-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moguravr.com%2Fvtuber-4000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRegis2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Regis, Rafael (August 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361800221">"Análise do impacto econômico, da expansão de popularidade e das novas tecnologias do fenômeno VTuber"</a> [Analysis of the economic impact, expansion of popularity and new technologies of the VTuber phenomenon]. <i>VIII Encontro de Engenharia No Entretenimento</i> (in Portuguese). <b>8</b>. 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December 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218081931/https://www.youtube.com/trends/articles/report-sources/">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dexerto&rft.atitle=Gawr+Gura+breaks+YouTube+milestone+to+become+most+popular+VTuber+ever&rft.date=2021-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dexerto.com%2Fentertainment%2Fgawr-gura-breaks-youtube-milestone-most-popular-vtuber-1605637%2F%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF中沢弘子2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">中沢弘子 (November 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/44507">"世界中にファン5000万人。VTuber「ホロライブ」が急成長する理由"</a>. <i>Forbes JAPAN（フォーブスジャパン）</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126053917/https://forbesjapan.com/articles/detail/44507">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes+JAPAN%EF%BC%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%82%B9+%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%89&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B35000%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%82VTuber%E3%80%8C%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8C%E6%80%A5%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%90%86%E7%94%B1&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E6%B2%A2%E5%BC%98%E5%AD%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforbesjapan.com%2Farticles%2Fdetail%2F44507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiceli2022" class="citation web cs1">Miceli, Max (February 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/vtuber-ironmouse-surpasses-95k-twitch-subscribers-most-active-subs-on-platform">"VTuber Ironmouse surpasses 95,000 Twitch subscribers, takes the throne for active subs on platform"</a>. <i>Dot Esports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221180127/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/vtuber-ironmouse-surpasses-95k-twitch-subscribers-most-active-subs-on-platform">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dot+Esports&rft.atitle=VTuber+Ironmouse+surpasses+95%2C000+Twitch+subscribers%2C+takes+the+throne+for+active+subs+on+platform&rft.date=2022-02-21&rft.aulast=Miceli&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdotesports.com%2Fstreaming%2Fnews%2Fvtuber-ironmouse-surpasses-95k-twitch-subscribers-most-active-subs-on-platform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-06/twitch-s-new-star-of-streaming-charts-is-anime-avatar-ironmouse">"Twitch's New Star of Streaming Charts Is Anime Avatar Ironmouse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>. April 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516012834/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-06/twitch-s-new-star-of-streaming-charts-is-anime-avatar-ironmouse">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Twitch%27s+New+Star+of+Streaming+Charts+Is+Anime+Avatar+Ironmouse&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-04-06%2Ftwitch-s-new-star-of-streaming-charts-is-anime-avatar-ironmouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Anastasio2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_D%27Anastasio" title="Cecilia D'Anastasio">D'Anastasio, Cecilia</a> (June 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-06-16/neuro-sama-an-ai-twitch-influencer-plays-minecraft-sings-karaoke-loves-art">"Meet Neuro-sama, the AI Twitch Streamer Who Plays Minecraft, Sings Karaoke, Loves Art"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620223130/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-06-16/neuro-sama-an-ai-twitch-influencer-plays-minecraft-sings-karaoke-loves-art">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Meet+Neuro-sama%2C+the+AI+Twitch+Streamer+Who+Plays+Minecraft%2C+Sings+Karaoke%2C+Loves+Art&rft.date=2023-06-17&rft.aulast=D%27Anastasio&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsletters%2F2023-06-16%2Fneuro-sama-an-ai-twitch-influencer-plays-minecraft-sings-karaoke-loves-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiu2024" class="citation web cs1">Liu, Stephanie (February 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconera.com/elira-vox-ike-of-nijisanji-en-make-statement-on-selen/">"Elira, Vox, and Ike of Nijisanji EN Make Statement About Selen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Siliconera" class="mw-redirect" title="Siliconera">Siliconera</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240213141946/https://www.siliconera.com/elira-vox-ike-of-nijisanji-en-make-statement-on-selen/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siliconera&rft.atitle=Elira%2C+Vox%2C+and+Ike+of+Nijisanji+EN+Make+Statement+About+Selen&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconera.com%2Felira-vox-ike-of-nijisanji-en-make-statement-on-selen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/hardware/streaming/vtuber-ironmouse-breaks-twitch-subscriber-record-surpassing-320000-paying-viewers/">"Vtuber Ironmouse breaks Twitch subscriber record, surpassing 320,000 paying viewers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a></i>. October 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Vtuber+Ironmouse+breaks+Twitch+subscriber+record%2C+surpassing+320%2C000+paying+viewers&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fhardware%2Fstreaming%2Fvtuber-ironmouse-breaks-twitch-subscriber-record-surpassing-320000-paying-viewers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20250113180058/https://x.com/Twitch/status/1875281651695227147">"x.com"</a>. <i>X (formerly Twitter)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Twitch/status/1875281651695227147">the original</a> on January 13, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X+%28formerly+Twitter%29&rft.atitle=x.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTwitch%2Fstatus%2F1875281651695227147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamesn.com/valorant/neuro-sama-twitch-record">"An AI VTuber just beat an impressive Twitch world record with the help of Riot's competitive shooter Valorant"</a>. <i>PCGamesN</i>. January 2, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCGamesN&rft.atitle=An+AI+VTuber+just+beat+an+impressive+Twitch+world+record+with+the+help+of+Riot%27s+competitive+shooter+Valorant&rft.date=2025-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamesn.com%2Fvalorant%2Fneuro-sama-twitch-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blDfqqCDQfU">"【SoftBank】新型iPhone発売セレモニーにお邪魔しました！！【XS / MAX】"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. A.I. Channel. September 29, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929142735/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blDfqqCDQfU&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90SoftBank%E3%80%91%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8BiPhone%E7%99%BA%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E9%82%AA%E9%AD%94%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%81%E3%80%90XS+%2F+MAX%E3%80%91&rft.date=2018-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DblDfqqCDQfU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nikkei-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nikkei_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNagumo2020" class="citation web cs1">Nagumo, Jada (January 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Japan-s-virtual-celebrities-rise-to-threaten-the-real-ones">"Japan's virtual celebrities rise to threaten the real ones"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asia</i>. Nikkei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629013545/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/Japan-s-virtual-celebrities-rise-to-threaten-the-real-ones">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+virtual+celebrities+rise+to+threaten+the+real+ones&rft.date=2020-01-19&rft.aulast=Nagumo&rft.aufirst=Jada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FBusiness%2FMedia-Entertainment%2FJapan-s-virtual-celebrities-rise-to-threaten-the-real-ones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214132653/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/23/national/ibarakis-virtual-youtuber-first-japan-used-promote-prefecture/">"Ibaraki's virtual YouTuber first in Japan used to promote a prefecture"</a>. The Japan Times. October 13, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/23/national/ibarakis-virtual-youtuber-first-japan-used-promote-prefecture/">the original</a> on February 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ibaraki%27s+virtual+YouTuber+first+in+Japan+used+to+promote+a+prefecture&rft.date=2018-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F23%2Fnational%2Fibarakis-virtual-youtuber-first-japan-used-promote-prefecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/58e50e7ffb89ed3c01439a91f70c345bf2a3b291"><bdi lang="ja">県警の広報官に沖縄生まれのVTuber・根間ういさんが任命</bdi></a> [Okinawa-born VTuber Ui Nema appointed as prefectural police public relations officer]. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Japan" title="Yahoo Japan">Yahoo News Japan</a></i> (in Japanese). January 29, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News+Japan&rft.atitle=%E7%9C%8C%E8%AD%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E5%A0%B1%E5%AE%98%E3%81%AB%E6%B2%96%E7%B8%84%E7%94%9F%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AEVTuber%E3%83%BB%E6%A0%B9%E9%96%93%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%8C%E4%BB%BB%E5%91%BD&rft.date=2025-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Farticles%2F58e50e7ffb89ed3c01439a91f70c345bf2a3b291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKastrenakes2021" class="citation web cs1">Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/28/22408078/netflix-vtuber-anime-n-ko-youtube">"Netflix's official Vtuber is part sheep and promotes anime"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008205343/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/28/22408078/netflix-vtuber-anime-n-ko-youtube">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Netflix%27s+official+Vtuber+is+part+sheep+and+promotes+anime&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.aulast=Kastrenakes&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F4%2F28%2F22408078%2Fnetflix-vtuber-anime-n-ko-youtube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2021" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Ana (June 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22548770/sega-sonic-the-hedgehog-vtuber-30th-anniversary">"Sonic the Hedgehog is a Vtuber now"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104042404/https://www.polygon.com/22548770/sega-sonic-the-hedgehog-vtuber-30th-anniversary">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Sonic+the+Hedgehog+is+a+Vtuber+now&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22548770%2Fsega-sonic-the-hedgehog-vtuber-30th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advanced-television.com/2021/10/25/crunchyroll-hime-launches-youtube-channel/">"Crunchyroll-Hime launches YouTube channel"</a>. <i>advanced-television.com</i>. October 25, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104042408/https://advanced-television.com/2021/10/25/crunchyroll-hime-launches-youtube-channel/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=advanced-television.com&rft.atitle=Crunchyroll-Hime+launches+YouTube+channel&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvanced-television.com%2F2021%2F10%2F25%2Fcrunchyroll-hime-launches-youtube-channel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHAWKS" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">HAWKS, Fukuoka SoftBank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.softbankhawks.co.jp/ex/vtuber/">"福岡ソフトバンクホークスVTuber 鷹観音海、有鷹ひな紹介サイト"</a>. <i>ソフトバンクホークスオフィシャルサイト</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223125719/https://www.softbankhawks.co.jp/ex/vtuber/">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9+%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88&rft.atitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%A1%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9VTuber+%E9%B7%B9%E8%A6%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7%E3%80%81%E6%9C%89%E9%B7%B9%E3%81%B2%E3%81%AA%E7%B4%B9%E4%BB%8B%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88&rft.aulast=HAWKS&rft.aufirst=Fukuoka+SoftBank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.softbankhawks.co.jp%2Fex%2Fvtuber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNagata" class="citation news cs1">Nagata, Kazuaki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214134930/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/08/07/business/gree-owned-firm-launches-app-aimed-boosting-japans-booming-world-virtual-youtubers/">"Gree-owned firm launches app aimed at boosting Japan's booming world of 'virtual YouTubers'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gree-owned+firm+launches+app+aimed+at+boosting+Japan%27s+booming+world+of+%27virtual+YouTubers%27&rft.aulast=Nagata&rft.aufirst=Kazuaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fgree-owned-firm-launches-app-aimed-boosting-japans-booming-world-virtual-youtubers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrissy" class="citation news cs1">Morrissy, Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-06-29/virtual-youtuber-kaguya-luna-breaks-guinness-world-record-by-holding-livestream-at-highest-altitude/.148232">"Virtual YouTuber Kaguya Luna Breaks Guinness World Record By Holding Livestream at Highest Altitude"</a>. Anime News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007035314/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-06-29/virtual-youtuber-kaguya-luna-breaks-guinness-world-record-by-holding-livestream-at-highest-altitude/.148232">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Virtual+YouTuber+Kaguya+Luna+Breaks+Guinness+World+Record+By+Holding+Livestream+at+Highest+Altitude&rft.aulast=Morrissy&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Finterest%2F2019-06-29%2Fvirtual-youtuber-kaguya-luna-breaks-guinness-world-record-by-holding-livestream-at-highest-altitude%2F.148232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconera.com/nyatasha-nyanners-is-the-first-vshojo-nendoroid/">"Nyatasha Nyanners is the First VShojo Nendoroid"</a>. <i>Siliconera</i>. December 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221107173534/https://www.siliconera.com/nyatasha-nyanners-is-the-first-vshojo-nendoroid/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siliconera&rft.atitle=Nyatasha+Nyanners+is+the+First+VShojo+Nendoroid&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconera.com%2Fnyatasha-nyanners-is-the-first-vshojo-nendoroid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconera.com/gawr-gura-and-mori-calliope-among-hololive-vtuber-figures-announced/">"Gawr Gura and Mori Calliope Among Hololive Vtuber Figures Announced"</a>. <i>Siliconera</i>. July 3, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110104731/https://www.siliconera.com/gawr-gura-and-mori-calliope-among-hololive-vtuber-figures-announced/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siliconera&rft.atitle=Gawr+Gura+and+Mori+Calliope+Among+Hololive+Vtuber+Figures+Announced&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconera.com%2Fgawr-gura-and-mori-calliope-among-hololive-vtuber-figures-announced%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodsmile.info/en/product/7108/Nendoroid+Kizuna+AI.html">"Nendoroid Kizuna AI"</a>. <i>www.goodsmile.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111111638/https://www.goodsmile.info/en/product/7108/Nendoroid+Kizuna+AI.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.goodsmile.info&rft.atitle=Nendoroid+Kizuna+AI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodsmile.info%2Fen%2Fproduct%2F7108%2FNendoroid%2BKizuna%2BAI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEriki2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eriki (November 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sucodemanga.com.br/embaixador-do-brasil-no-japao-recebe-as-vtubers-ayapan-e-jajami/">"Embaixador do Brasil no Japão recebe as Vtubers Ayapan e Jajami"</a>. <i>Suco de Mangá</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917075605/https://sucodemanga.com.br/embaixador-do-brasil-no-japao-recebe-as-vtubers-ayapan-e-jajami/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suco+de+Mang%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Embaixador+do+Brasil+no+Jap%C3%A3o+recebe+as+Vtubers+Ayapan+e+Jajami&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft.au=Eriki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsucodemanga.com.br%2Fembaixador-do-brasil-no-japao-recebe-as-vtubers-ayapan-e-jajami%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCahn2021" class="citation web cs1">Cahn, Lauren (July 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mashed.com/472029/the-taco-bell-anime-commercial-cameo-only-youtubers-will-notice/">"The Taco Bell Anime Commercial Cameo Only YouTubers Will Notice"</a>. <i>Mashed.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121172457/https://www.mashed.com/472029/the-taco-bell-anime-commercial-cameo-only-youtubers-will-notice/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashed.com&rft.atitle=The+Taco+Bell+Anime+Commercial+Cameo+Only+YouTubers+Will+Notice&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft.aulast=Cahn&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mashed.com%2F472029%2Fthe-taco-bell-anime-commercial-cameo-only-youtubers-will-notice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarding" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Daryl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2022/06/23-1/vtuber-doggo-inugami-korone-goes-fast-as-sonic-the-hedgehogs-newest-ambassador">"VTuber Doggo Inugami Korone Goes Fast As Sonic the Hedgehog's Newest Ambassador"</a>. <i>Crunchyroll</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crunchyroll&rft.atitle=VTuber+Doggo+Inugami+Korone+Goes+Fast+As+Sonic+the+Hedgehog%27s+Newest+Ambassador&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crunchyroll.com%2Fanime-news%2F2022%2F06%2F23-1%2Fvtuber-doggo-inugami-korone-goes-fast-as-sonic-the-hedgehogs-newest-ambassador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/japanese-sonic-frontiers-players-receive-special-v-tuber-dlc-costumes">"Japanese Sonic Frontiers players receive special V-Tuber DLC costumes"</a>. <i>Eurogamer.net</i>. August 25, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017121413/https://www.eurogamer.net/japanese-sonic-frontiers-players-receive-special-v-tuber-dlc-costumes">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer.net&rft.atitle=Japanese+Sonic+Frontiers+players+receive+special+V-Tuber+DLC+costumes&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Fjapanese-sonic-frontiers-players-receive-special-v-tuber-dlc-costumes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siliconera.com/inugami-korone-will-voice-a-character-in-yo-kai-watch-anime/">"Inugami Korone Will Voice a Character in Yo-Kai Watch Anime"</a>. <i>Siliconera</i>. February 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siliconera&rft.atitle=Inugami+Korone+Will+Voice+a+Character+in+Yo-Kai+Watch+Anime&rft.date=2023-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconera.com%2Finugami-korone-will-voice-a-character-in-yo-kai-watch-anime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122010108/https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/4060391">"二宮和也、"VTuber"デビュー本人1秒も登場せず「中の人」に専念"</a>. <i>Model Press</i> (in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/4060391">the original</a> on November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Model+Press&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%AE%E5%92%8C%E4%B9%9F%E3%80%81%22VTuber%22%E3%83%87%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC+%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA1%E7%A7%92%E3%82%82%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%9B%E3%81%9A%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E5%B0%82%E5%BF%B5&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdpr.jp%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F4060391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122011955/https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/25388481/">"二宮和也、『パズドラ』新CMでVTuberデビュー 1秒も出演せず"中の人"に徹する"</a>. <i>Livedoor</i> (in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/25388481/">the original</a> on November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livedoor&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%8C%E5%AE%AE%E5%92%8C%E4%B9%9F%E3%80%81%E3%80%8E%E3%83%91%E3%82%BA%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%80%8F%E6%96%B0CM%E3%81%A7VTuber%E3%83%87%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC+1%E7%A7%92%E3%82%82%E5%87%BA%E6%BC%94%E3%81%9B%E3%81%9A%22%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%22%E3%81%AB%E5%BE%B9%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.livedoor.com%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F25388481%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122015310/https://dengekionline.com/elem/000/000/864/864330/">"『パズドラ』新TV-CMに"嵐"の5名が出演！ 6月10日からTV-CM全国放映＆メイキング動画公開"</a>. <i>Dengeki online</i> (in Japanese). June 9, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dengekionline.com/elem/000/000/864/864330/">the original</a> on November 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=hololive+night+at+Dodger+Stadium+%7C+Los+Angeles+Dodgers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fdodgers%2Ftickets%2Fspecials%2Fhololive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfu.ca/siat/news-events/news/2025/02/meet-mo-and-faye-ayato-siat-virtual-ambassadors.html">"Meet Mo and Faye Ayato: SIAT's Virtual Ambassadors Unveiled in Stunning Animated Trailer"</a>. <i>www.sfu.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sfu.ca&rft.atitle=Meet+Mo+and+Faye+Ayato%3A+SIAT%27s+Virtual+Ambassadors+Unveiled+in+Stunning+Animated+Trailer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfu.ca%2Fsiat%2Fnews-events%2Fnews%2F2025%2F02%2Fmeet-mo-and-faye-ayato-siat-virtual-ambassadors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfu.ca/siat/studiosiat/vambassador-program.html">"Virtual Ambassadors"</a>. <i>www.sfu.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sfu.ca&rft.atitle=Virtual+Ambassadors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfu.ca%2Fsiat%2Fstudiosiat%2Fvambassador-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadalini, David. “SFU Holding Auditions for First Virtual Ambassadors.” CityNews Vancouver, 28 Sept. 2024, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2024/09/28/burnaby-sfu-virtual-ambassadors-auditions/">vancouver.citynews.ca/2024/09/28/burnaby-sfu-virtual-ambassadors-auditions</a>/</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOtmazginBen-Ari2020" class="citation book cs1">Otmazgin, Nissim; <a href="/wiki/Eyal_Ben-Ari" title="Eyal Ben-Ari">Ben-Ari, Eyal</a>, eds. (April 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HpveDwAAQBAJ"><i>Creative Context: Creativity and Innovation in the Media and Cultural Industries</i></a>. Springer Singapore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789811530562" title="Special:BookSources/9789811530562"><bdi>9789811530562</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328233113/https://books.google.com/books?id=HpveDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creative+Context%3A+Creativity+and+Innovation+in+the+Media+and+Cultural+Industries&rft.pub=Springer+Singapore&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.isbn=9789811530562&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHpveDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVTuber" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VTuber&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virtual_YouTubers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virtual YouTubers">Virtual YouTubers</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:YouTube_navbox" title="Template talk:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="YouTube320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (parent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a> (founder & CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Daniels" title="Susanne Daniels">Susanne Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kyncl" title="Robert Kyncl">Robert Kyncl</a> (CBO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_Manber" title="Udi Manber">Udi Manber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Pan" title="Yu Pan">Yu Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-subscribed YouTube channels">Most-subscribed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-viewed YouTube channels">Most-viewed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_network" title="Multi-channel network">Multi-channel network</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-channel_networks" title="List of multi-channel networks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube (channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original channels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br />videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_video" title="Apology video">Apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber" title="Beauty YouTuber">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookTube" title="BookTube">BookTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreadTube" title="BreadTube">BreadTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_My_Life" title="Draw My Life">Draw My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Play" title="Let's Play">Let's Play</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PewDiePie_vs_T-Series" title="PewDiePie vs T-Series">PewDiePie vs T-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reply_girl" title="Reply girl">Reply girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudyTube" title="StudyTube">StudyTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">Viral video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2018:_Everyone_Controls_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2019:_For_the_Record" title="YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTubers" title="List of YouTubers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VTuber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">Most-viewed videos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Arabic_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Arabic music videos on YouTube">Arabic music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Chinese_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Chinese music videos on YouTube">Chinese music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_French_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed French music videos on YouTube">French music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Indian_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Indian YouTube videos">Indian videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Pakistani_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Pakistani YouTube videos">Pakistani videos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-liked YouTube videos">Most-liked videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-disliked YouTube videos">Most-disliked videos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of YouTube">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_moderation" title="YouTube moderation">Moderation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_suspensions" title="YouTube suspensions">Channel suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Korean backdoor advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_and_privacy" title="YouTube and privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to <i>Innocence of Muslims</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_VR" title="YouTube VR">VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_Clash" title="Creator Clash">Creator Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs_Logan_Paul" title="KSI vs Logan Paul">KSI vs Logan Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs._Logan_Paul_II" title="KSI vs. Logan Paul II">rematch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2013 YouTube Music Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2015 YouTube Music Awards">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sauce" title="Open Sauce">Open Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playlist_Live" title="Playlist Live">Playlist Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_Awesome" title="Project for Awesome">Project for Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidemen_Charity_Match" title="Sidemen Charity Match">Sidemen Charity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_in_the_City" title="Social in the City">Social in the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamy_Awards" title="Streamy Awards">Streamy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Symphony_No._1" title="Internet Symphony No. 1">Internet Symphony No. 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership_(composition)" title="Mothership (composition)"><i>Mothership</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubecon" title="Tubecon">Tubecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">Censorship of YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">YouTube Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_in_education" title="YouTube in education">In education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_YouTube_downloaders" title="Comparison of YouTube downloaders">YouTube downloaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">YouTube Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:YouTube" title="Category:YouTube">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extended_reality_(XR)1397" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extended_reality" title="Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extended_reality" title="Template talk:Extended reality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extended_reality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extended_reality_(XR)1397" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality (XR)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality%E2%80%93virtuality_continuum" title="Reality–virtuality continuum">From least to most virtual:</a> <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">Mixed reality (MR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality (VR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_virtual_reality" title="Cinematic virtual reality">Cinematic virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_reality" title="Computer-mediated reality">Computer-mediated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-set_virtual_production" title="On-set virtual production">On-set virtual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_augmented_model" title="Projection augmented model">Projection augmented model</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Room-scale" title="Room-scale">Room-scale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">Six degrees of freedom (6DoF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">Telepresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications" title="Virtual reality applications">Virtual reality applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">Virtual reality sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filter_(social_media)" title="Filter (social media)">Camera filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantified_self" title="Quantified self">Quantified self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">Real life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen-door_effect" title="Screen-door effect">Screen-door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis" title="Simulation hypothesis">Simulation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VTuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3" title="Web3">Web3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens#Other_uses" title="Pancake lens">Pancake lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_reality_headsets" title="List of virtual reality headsets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display" title="Virtual retinal display">Virtual retinal display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">Facial motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">Finger/hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_tracking" title="Pose tracking">Pose tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">Simultaneous localization and mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_reprojection" title="Asynchronous reprojection">Asynchronous reprojection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveated_rendering" title="Foveated rendering">Foveated rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering" title="Image-based modeling and rendering">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_audio_effect" title="3D audio effect">Spatial audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360-degree_video" title="360-degree video">360-degree video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television" title="Free viewpoint television">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_photography" title="VR photography">VR photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_suit" title="Haptic suit">Haptic suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" title="Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_accessories" title="Category:Virtual reality accessories">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberith_Virtualizer" title="Cyberith Virtualizer">Cyberith Virtualizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Hydra" title="Razer Hydra">Razer Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuix_Omni" title="Virtuix Omni">Virtuix Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizdish_ROVR" title="Wizdish ROVR">Wizdish ROVR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_organizations" title="Category:Virtual reality organizations">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Labs" title="Brilliant Labs">Brilliant Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic,_Inc." title="Niantic, Inc.">Niantic, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokoko_(company)" title="Rokoko (company)">Rokoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varjo" title="Varjo">Varjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-i" title="Golden-i">Golden-i headsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S" title="Meta Quest 3S">3S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" title="Open Source Virtual Reality">Open Source Virtual Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4 Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntVR" title="AntVR">AntVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CastAR" title="CastAR">castAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPL_Research" title="VPL Research">EyePhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Google Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Image" title="Liquid Image">Liquid Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Meta Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Oculus/Meta Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixthSense" title="SixthSense">SixthSense</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Damocles_(virtual_reality)" title="The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)">The Sword of Damocles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" title="VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_fixture" title="Virtual fixture">Virtual fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" title="Virtuality (product)">Virtuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR-1" title="VR-1">VR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_VR" title="Sega VR">Sega VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_works" title="Category:Virtual reality works">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" title="Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_related_to_augmented_reality" title="List of software related to augmented reality">Software related to augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems and<br />desktop environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_XR" title="Android XR">Android XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS_version_history" title="Meta Horizon OS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development tools and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_engines" title="Category:Video game engines">game engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Frame_(virtual_reality_framework)" title="A-Frame (virtual reality framework)">A-Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKit" title="ARKit">ARKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARToolKit" title="ARToolKit">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetpack_Compose" title="Jetpack Compose">Jetpack Compose XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Spatial SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVR" title="OpenVR">OpenVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenXR" title="OpenXR">OpenXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">RealityKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26box" title="S&box">S&box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">TabletopKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Scene_Description" title="Universal Scene Description">Universal Scene Description</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK" title="Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK">Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_games" title="Category:Virtual reality games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTC_Vive_games" title="List of HTC Vive games">List of HTC Vive games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Meta_Quest_games" title="List of Meta Quest games">List of Meta Quest games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oculus_Rift_games" title="List of Oculus Rift games">List of Oculus Rift games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">VR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_communities" title="Category:Virtual reality communities">Communities and<br />social networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a> for visionOS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Worlds" title="Horizon Worlds">Horizon Worlds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeosVR" title="NeosVR">NeosVR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rec_Room_(video_game)" title="Rec Room (video game)">Rec Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonite" title="Resonite">Resonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansar_(video_game)" title="Sansar (video game)">Sansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorium_Corporation" title="Sensorium Corporation">Sensorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinespace" title="Sinespace">Sinespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRChat" title="VRChat">VRChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTime_XR" title="VTime XR">VTime XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bekaert" title="Philippe Bekaert">Philippe Bekaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bolas" title="Mark Bolas">Mark Bolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bradley_(actor)" title="Brendan Bradley (actor)">Brendan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Burger" title="Boštjan Burger">Boštjan Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" title="Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Darling" title="Ela Darling">Ela Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_K._Feiner" title="Steven K. Feiner">Steven K. Feiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Foster_II" title="Jerome Foster II">Jerome Foster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuchs" title="Henry Fuchs">Henry Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Furness_III" title="Thomas A. Furness III">Thomas A. Furness III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Howlett" title="Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Iribe" title="Brendan Iribe">Brendan Iribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" title="Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaron_Lanier" title="Jaron Lanier">Jaron Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" title="Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_C._Lin" title="Ming C. Lin">Ming C. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Bowen_Loftin" title="R. Bowen Loftin">R. Bowen Loftin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Luckey" title="Palmer Luckey">Palmer Luckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stephen_Meadows" title="Mark Stephen Meadows">Mark Stephen Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Uri_Kranot" title="Michelle and Uri Kranot">Michelle and Uri Kranot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parisi_(software_developer)" title="Tony Parisi (software developer)">Tony Parisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Petridis" title="Elia Petridis">Elia Petridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" title="Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schmalstieg" title="Dieter Schmalstieg">Dieter Schmalstieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" title="Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tachi" title="Susumu Tachi">Susumu Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">In</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_augmented_reality" title="Category:Fiction about augmented reality">fiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World" title="Accel World">Accel World</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World:_Infinite_Burst" title="Accel World: Infinite Burst">Infinite Burst</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Killer_App" title="Attack of the Killer App">Attack of the Killer App</a></i></li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Mirror_episodes" title="List of Black Mirror episodes">episodes</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko:_Evolution" title="Code Lyoko: Evolution">Evolution</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Den-noh Coil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamland_Chronicles" title="The Dreamland Chronicles">The Dreamland Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers" title="Gundam Build Divers">Gundam Build Divers</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers_Re:Rise" title="Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise">Re:Rise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Metaverse" title="Gundam Build Metaverse">Gundam Build Metaverse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Holodeck" title="Holodeck">Holodeck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_The_Next_Level" title="Jumanji: The Next Level">The Next Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Welcome to the Jungle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_First_(TV_series)" title="Kiss Me First (TV series)">Kiss Me First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netrunner" title="Netrunner">Netrunner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One" title="Ready Player One">Ready Player One</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_Two" title="Ready Player Two">Ready Player Two</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot" title="Superhot">Superhot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot:_Mind_Control_Delete" title="Superhot: Mind Control Delete">Mind Control Delete</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhuman_Samurai_Syber-Squad" title="Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad">Superhuman Samurai 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