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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Materi%C4%81ls" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Materi%C4%81ls" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Materi%C4%81ls" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Materi%C4%81ls" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Materiālu_īpašības" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materiālu_īpašības"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Materiālu īpašības</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materiālu_īpašības-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Materiālu īpašības apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materiālu_īpašības-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fizikālās" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizikālās"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fizikālās</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizikālās-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ķīmiskās" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ķīmiskās"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ķīmiskās</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ķīmiskās-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mehāniskās" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehāniskās"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mehāniskās</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehāniskās-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tehnoloģiskās" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tehnoloģiskās"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tehnoloģiskās</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tehnoloģiskās-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekspluatācijas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekspluatācijas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Ekspluatācijas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekspluatācijas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Materiāls</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 62 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materiaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9)" title="مادة (هندسة) – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة (هندسة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Суровина – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суровина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উপাদান – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপাদান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Йăмлăх – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йăмлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_(Betriebswirtschaft)" title="Material (Betriebswirtschaft) – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Material (Betriebswirtschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materjal" title="Materjal – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Materjal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مواد – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مواد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaali" title="Materiaali – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Materiaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau" title="Matériau – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matériau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoo" title="Stoo – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Stoo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="חומר גלם – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר גלם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyo" title="Materyo – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Materyo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efni" title="Efni – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Материалдар – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Материалдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%A3%8C" title="재료 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEiaga" title="Medžiaga – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžiaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABtne_(humanitarajuos_zineibuos)" title="Lītne (humanitarajuos zineibuos) – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Lītne (humanitarajuos zineibuos)" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia%C5%82" title="Materiał – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Materiał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaykana" title="Imaykana – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Imaykana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiali" title="Materiali – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Materiali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8" title="วัสดุ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัสดุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzeme" title="Malzeme – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malzeme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماتېرىيال – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماتېرىيال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Матеріал – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матеріал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مواد – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مواد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Vật liệu – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật liệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyales" title="Materyales – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Materyales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinto_ezixabisekileyo" title="Izinto ezixabisekileyo – khosu" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Izinto ezixabisekileyo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="khosu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="שטאף – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2i-li%C4%81u" title="Châi-liāu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Châi-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithako" title="Isithako – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isithako" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" 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href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Materi%C4%81ls" title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Materi%C4%81ls" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&oldid=3625151" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Materi%C4%81ls&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214609" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Materiāls</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a>: <span lang="la"><i>materialis</i></span> — 'vielisks') ir <a href="/wiki/Viela" title="Viela">viela</a> vai vielu maisījums, no kā kaut kas tiek izgatavots vai kas nepieciešams kaut kādām izgatavošanas darbībām. Pēdējā gadījumā precizē, ka tas ir palīgmateriāls vai izejmateriāls. <a href="/wiki/%C4%92diens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ēdiens">Ēdiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Degviela" class="mw-redirect" title="Degviela">degviela</a> un <a href="/wiki/Medikamenti" class="mw-redirect" title="Medikamenti">medikamenti</a> nav materiāli, jo lietošanas laikā tie iesaistās <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_reakcija" title="Ķīmiskā reakcija">ķīmiskās reakcijās</a> un pakāpeniski gandrīz pilnīgi izzūd, jeb pārveidojas citās vielās.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Materiāli var būt dabiskas vai sintētiskas (mākslīgas) izcelsmes; tie var būt homogēni vai arī kā heterogēnas kompozīcijas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materiālu_īpašības"><span id="Materi.C4.81lu_.C4.ABpa.C5.A1.C4.ABbas"></span>Materiālu īpašības</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Materiālu īpašības" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Materiālu īpašības"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lai raksturotu materiālu piemērotību dažādu izstrādājumu izgatavošanai un to pielietošanas efektivitāti, izmanto dažādus raksturotājus. <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1%C4%ABnb%C5%ABve" title="Mašīnbūve">Mašīnbūvē</a> izmantojamo materiālus raksturošanai pielieto veselu virkni raksturlielumu.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Materiālu salīdzināšanai un kvalitātes vērtēšanai galvenokārt izmanto šādas materiālu īpašības: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fizikālās"><span id="Fizik.C4.81l.C4.81s"></span>Fizikālās</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Fizikālās" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Fizikālās"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atoma izmēri, <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%A1ana" title="Kušana">kušanas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Kristaliz%C4%81cija" title="Kristalizācija">kristalizācijas</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bl%C4%ABvums" title="Blīvums">blīvums</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ķīmiskās"><span id=".C4.B6.C4.ABmisk.C4.81s"></span>Ķīmiskās</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Ķīmiskās" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ķīmiskās"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Atommasa" title="Atommasa">Atommasa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_aktivit%C4%81te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ķīmiskā aktivitāte (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ķīmiskā aktivitāte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strukt%C5%ABra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struktūra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">struktūra</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehāniskās"><span id="Meh.C4.81nisk.C4.81s"></span><a href="/wiki/Meh%C4%81nisk%C4%81s_%C4%ABpa%C5%A1%C4%ABbas" title="Mehāniskās īpašības">Mehāniskās</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Mehāniskās" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Mehāniskās"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ciet%C4%ABba" title="Cietība">Cietība</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stiepes_stipr%C4%ABba" class="mw-redirect" title="Stiepes stiprība">stiepes stiprība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relat%C4%ABvais_pagarin%C4%81jums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relatīvais pagarinājums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">relatīvais pagarinājums</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stingr%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stingrība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">stingrība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilgiztur%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilgizturība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">ilgizturība</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%BC%C5%ABde" class="mw-redirect" title="Šļūde">šļūde</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tehnoloģiskās"><span id="Tehnolo.C4.A3isk.C4.81s"></span>Tehnoloģiskās</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Tehnoloģiskās" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Tehnoloģiskās"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%BCam%C4%ABba" title="Kaļamība">Kaļamība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lejam%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lejamība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">lejamība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin%C4%81m%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metināmība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">metināmība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apstr%C4%81d%C4%81jam%C4%ABba_grie%C5%BEot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apstrādājamība griežot (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">apstrādājamība griežot</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekspluatācijas"><span id="Ekspluat.C4.81cijas"></span>Ekspluatācijas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Ekspluatācijas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ekspluatācijas"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodilumiztur%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodilumizturība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Nodilumizturība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karstumiztur%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karstumizturība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">karstumizturība</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korozijiztur%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korozijizturība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">korozijizturība</a> u.c. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiovesti.ru/articles/2012-11-10/fm/72732">Валентин Крапошин: наше время порождает новые материалы</a><sup title="Novecojusi saite">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">novecojusi saite</a>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vērdiņš G., Dukulis I. Materiālu mācība: mācību līdzeklis. – Jelgava: LLU, 2008. – 240 lpp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9984-784-74-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9984-784-74-8">ISBN 978-9984-784-74-8</a>. </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materi%C4%81ls&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Materials">Materiāls</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/materiaux/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-082065">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85082065">sh85082065</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4169078-3">4169078-3</a></span></li> <li>BNF: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935841g">cb11935841g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935841g">(data)</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115242&CON_LNG=ENG">ph115242</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Materiāls&oldid=3625151">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Materiāls&oldid=3625151</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Materi%C4%81li" title="Kategorija:Materiāli">Materiāli</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Slēptas kategorijas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Visi_Vikip%C4%93dijas_uzlabojamie_raksti" title="Kategorija:Visi Vikipēdijas uzlabojamie raksti">Visi Vikipēdijas uzlabojamie raksti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Raksti_ar_novecoju%C5%A1%C4%81m_sait%C4%93m" title="Kategorija:Raksti ar novecojušām saitēm">Raksti ar novecojušām saitēm</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2022. gada 26. maijs plkst. 03.35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. 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