What is Shadow IT and What are the Risks?

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data-off-canvas-content> <div id="menuOverlay" class="reveal-overlay"></div> <section class="longHero"> <div class="breadcrumbs__wrapper "> <div class="breadcrumbs__content"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="/ja/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/ja/fundamentals/">Fundamentals</a></li> <li><strong>Shadow IT</strong></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="fundamentals-hero"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y align-middle"> <div class="fundamentals-hero__content text-left small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-5 cell"> <div> <h1 style="background-image:url(https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg)">Shadow IT</h1> <p>Employees using applications and devices without the approval of IT personnel has become a big security problem.</p> <a href="/ja/products/command/exposure-management/" class="button btn-primary mdBtn"> Explore Exposure Command </a> </div> </div> <div class="text-left small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-5 large-offset-0 cell"> <div class="fundamentals-hero__overview"> <p class="small header">トピック概要</p> <ul> <li> <a class="font-size-p-small" href="#whatisshadowitnbsp">What is Shadow IT? </a> </li> <li> <a class="font-size-p-small" href="#examplesofshadowit">Examples of Shadow IT</a> </li> <li> <a class="font-size-p-small" href="#whydopeopleuseshadowitnbsp">Why Do People Use Shadow IT? </a> </li> <li> <a class="font-size-p-small" href="#benefitsofshadowit">Benefits of Shadow IT</a> </li> <li> <a class="font-size-p-small" href="#shadowitrisks">Shadow IT Risks</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="text-left small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 cell fundamentals-hero__divider"><hr /></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="pageContent"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="fundamentals-content grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y"> <div class="text-left small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-3 cell"> <aside class="sidebar-menu"> <span class="sidebar-menu__toc--toggle r7-expansion-toggle collapse">関連トピック</span> <div class="sidebar-menu__toc--content r7-expansion-content collapse"> <span class="heading">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</span> <ul> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-exposure-management/">エクスポージャー管理</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/attack-surface/">アタックサーフェス</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/attack-surface-management/">攻撃可能領域管理（ASM）</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/external-attack-surface-management-easm/">外部アタックサーフェス管理（EASM）</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-cyber-asset-attack-surface-management-caasm/">サイバー資産アタックサーフェスマネージメント（CAASM）</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/digital-risk-protection/">デジタルリスク保護（DRP）</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-continuous-threat-exposure-management-ctem/">継続的脅威エクスポージャー管理（CTEM）</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/attack-path-analysis/">攻撃経路分析</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/shadow-it/">Shadow IT</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-the-dark-web/">Dark Web</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-are-exposure-assessment-platforms-eaps/">Exposure Assessment Platforms (EAPs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-it-asset-management-itam/">IT Asset Management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-it-asset-discovery/">IT Asset Discovery</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-threat-modeling/">Threat Modeling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-operational-technology-ot/">Operational Technology (OT)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-open-source-intelligence-osint/">Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <div class="fundamentals-content__sidebar show-for-large"> <hr /> <div id="sideDarkCtaBlock" class="ctaBlock primary bgBlueGreenLinearGradient"> <div class="ctaBlock__title"> <h5> Gartner® Innovation Insight: Attack Surface Management </h5> </div> <div class="ctaBlock__content"> <p class="small">Download your copy of the 2024 Gartner® Innovation Insight for Attack Surface Management report.</p> <a class="btn-primary button smBtn" href="/ja/info/lp/gartner-insight-report-asm/" id="darkSideCtaPrimaryBtn"> Read the Report </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left small-12 medium-offset-1 medium-10 large-offset-0 large-7 cell"> <div class="fundamentals-content__intro"> <h2 id="whatisshadowitnbsp">What is Shadow IT? </h2> <p>Shadow IT is the use of systems, devices, software, applications, and services without explicit IT approval. Indeed, according to this publication from the <a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-124r2.pdf">United States National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, workers typically begin using “Shadow IT systems when enterprise-provided systems and processes are seen as cumbersome or impeding work or when the enterprise fails to provide necessary systems.”</p> <p>A good example of shadow IT is when employees at a company connect unvetted or unapproved consumer products onto a company network because of a device’s potential to, let’s say, help them do their jobs faster. Historically, adding infrastructure resources required review and approval of a centralized IT team – who ultimately had final say on whether or not something could be provisioned.</p> <p>Cloud infrastructure has since democratized ownership of resources to teams across the organization, with most organizations no longer requiring their development teams to request resources in the same manner. Instead, developers are empowered to provision the resources that they need to get their jobs done and ship code efficiently.</p> <p>This dynamic is critical to achieving the promise of speed and efficiency that cloud infrastructure and <a href="/ja/fundamentals/devsecops/">DevSecOps</a> offer. The tradeoff here, however, is control. This paradigm shift means development teams could regularly be spinning up resources without the security team’s knowledge. </p> </div> <div class="fundamentals-content__contentRegion1"> <h2 id="examplesofshadowit">Examples of Shadow IT</h2> <p>Between new categories of devices or systems and new/existing/old policies, identity practices can quickly become difficult to navigate. Let's take a look at some clear-cut shadow IT examples to make it all more digestible. </p> <h3>Personal or unsanctioned devices</h3> <p>These devices in and of themselves aren’t inherently disallowed in each and every organization. It’s the way they’re used and/or if they’re used without proper <a href="/ja/fundamentals/iam-identity-and-access-management/">identity and access management (IAM)</a> software. Most organizations allow personal devices, but often will have rules about the kinds of security or identity applications must be implemented for their continued use.</p> <p>Examples of these kinds of devices include a list of the usual suspects: smartphones, laptops, and tablets. <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-internet-of-things-iot-security/">Internet of things (IoT)</a> devices comprise a significant portion of this category as well: smart watches, bluetooth earphones/earbuds, fitness trackers, and streaming TV devices.</p> <h3>Unsanctioned applications</h3> <p>Think of all the software applications a business uses to get things done: project management, instant messaging, video conferencing, content marketing automation, social media, personal email, and more. Depending on the needs of a team, there may be more than one tool in use in a given category – and only one is approved.</p> <p>A note here that a network is only as strong as its policies. The size of the business and the IT and <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-cybersecurity/">cybersecurity</a> organizations are also considerations. If a company is in the small to medium-sized range, there simply may not be a large enough team to create and enforce IT policies with any regularity, thus the enterprise’s network becomes increasingly more porous due to the number of unsanctioned devices being added.</p> <h2 id="whydopeopleuseshadowitnbsp">Why Do People Use Shadow IT? </h2> <p>There are so many reasons that would prompt an employee to leverage applications and software outside of those approved for use by an IT organization. Some of these use cases are more forgivable that others, but that doesn't mean all of the situations shouldn't ultimately be a lesson in how they can leave a network more vulnerable to attack. Let's consider a few scenarios: </p> <ul> <li>The current video conferencing application is experiencing technical difficulties, and a team desperately needs to talk through an issue holding up a project with a tight deadline. So they turn to an alternate application.</li> <li>Two team members want to engage in a private instant messaging conversation and want there to be absolutely no chance that someone on the approved app may be able to see that conversation.</li> <li>An employee only has access to their corporate email via their corporate-issued laptop, which they will not be taking on an upcoming vacation. Thus, that person decides to email several important work-related documents and presentations to their personal email address.</li> <li>A new employee has been on the job for a week already and still hasn’t been issued their corporate laptop, so they decide to use their personal laptop – that IT has not approved – to get started on some projects with tight deadlines.</li> <li>A new or existing employee simply hasn’t been supplied with the knowledge or overall corporate policy awareness it would take to be fully educated on acceptable device and application use policy.</li> <li>A rapidly changing compliance and regulatory environment perhaps makes it necessary for companies in a given industry to issue several updates in a calendar year that continuously modify the list of accepted IT systems.</li> </ul> <h2 id="benefitsofshadowit">Benefits of Shadow IT</h2> <p>Benefits to something as risky as shadow IT, you may ask? Believe it or not, there is a bit of upside to allowing unauthorized devices to access an enterprise network. </p> <ul> <li><strong>Shadow results</strong>: While not an official term, shadow results essentially means that having a more elastic policy around shadow IT may, in fact, result in employees getting stuff done faster, especially if an authorized application is experiencing an outage or having technical difficulties.</li> <li><strong>Saving IT time and money</strong>: If IT doesn't have to authorize and provision each and every device or application that joins the network or is spun up, that’s time and money saved for the entire organization and business.</li> <li><strong>Improved relationships</strong>: If IT isn't looking over the digital shoulders of the workforce, then that means they aren’t ruffling feathers and causing resentment against policies that might draw too hard of a line.</li> <li><strong>Small business empowerment</strong>: Many small businesses simply do not have enough staff to create shadow IT policies and continuously enforce them. Thus – even though there is some inherent risk – having loose policies around shadow IT can help these businesses innovate and get ahead faster.</li> </ul> <p>Indeed, there are risks to having open or loose shadow IT policies, so it’s best to find that middle ground. This might mean something like IT scanning for unauthorized apps and not taking action against any well known apps or devices with inherently strong security that may not be authorized to be on the network at a given time.</p> <h2 id="shadowitrisks">Shadow IT Risks</h2> <p>As we've discussed at length so far, there are many security risks associated with, willfully or otherwise, allowing shadow IT to operate to any extent in an enterprise setting. </p> <p>Everyone may have full workloads, but the day-to-day work will mean nothing if policies aren't enacted to stop attackers from being able to take advantage of vulnerabilities and damage the company's reputation. They might include: </p> <h3>Blind spots</h3> <p>Since security teams are unaware of shadow IT assets, <a href="/ja/fundamentals/vulnerabilities-exploits-threats/">vulnerabilities</a> inevitably go unaddressed. Development teams may not understand – or may simply choose to ignore – the importance of <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-cloud-security/">cloud security</a> updates or patching for these types of assets.</p> <h3>Unprotected data</h3> <p>If cloud resources are accessed by unauthorized users, vulnerabilities could go unmitigated in network assets and can put businesses at risk of data breaches or leaks. Additionally, this data most likely is not protected with centralized backups, making it difficult – if not impossible – to recover.</p> <h3>Compliance problems</h3> <p>Most <a href="/ja/fundamentals/cloud-compliance/">cloud compliance</a> regulations require the processing, storage, and securing of customer data. Since businesses have no oversight of data stored on shadow IT assets, this could quickly become an issue.</p> <p>What, then, is a security organization to do about the potential for shadow IT to run rampant on the network? A good starting place is to implement a <a href="/ja/fundamentals/cloud-risk-management/">cloud risk</a> and compliance management platform to continuously assess the entire cloud environment to detect any changes – like new assets coming online.</p> <p>As soon as a new device logs on or a new resource is spun up in the DevOps process, this type of platform should be able to detect it in real time and automatically identify whether or not it is in compliance with enterprise policies.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="multi-feature-card-block__carousel graybg" data-block-name="Multi-Feature Card Block"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x grid-padding-y text-center"> <div class="small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 cell"> <h2>関連トピック</h2> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 cell"> <div class="multi-feature-card-block__carousel-slider"> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-it-asset-management-itam/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>What is IT Asset Management?</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-continuous-threat-exposure-management-ctem/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>継続的脅威エクスポージャー管理（CTEM）</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-cyber-asset-attack-surface-management-caasm/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>サイバー資産アタックサーフェスマネージメント（CAASM）</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-open-source-intelligence-osint/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/attack-surface/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>アタックサーフェス（攻撃可能領域）</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-it-asset-discovery/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>What is IT Asset Discovery?</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-are-exposure-assessment-platforms-eaps/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>Exposure Assessment Platforms (EAPs)</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-operational-technology-ot/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>Operational Technology (OT)</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/attack-surface-management/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>攻撃可能領域管理</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/what-is-threat-modeling/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: url('https://www.rapid7.com/globalassets/_icons/fundamentals/trojan-horse.svg');"> <div class="inner-content"> <div class="inner-content__txt"> <h4>Threat Modeling</h4> <span class="card-separator"></span> <div class="subtext">プロアクティブなエクスポージャー管理</div> </div> <span class="btn-tertiary button smBtn">トピックへ</span> </div> </a> <a href="/ja/fundamentals/digital-risk-protection/" class="card__standard w-icon " data-card-height="" style="background-image: 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