CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html dir="ltr" lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0G1L6Z6LXW"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-147239187-1'); gtag('config', 'G-0G1L6Z6LXW');</script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">!function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`${e[0]}=${e[1]}`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}();</script><link media="all" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/css/autoptimize_e6348d291bd238ac89f4554fa98403ef.css" rel="stylesheet"><title>Sirius (α CMa): Star System, Facts, Location, Constellation | Star Facts</title> <script data-affiliate-config type="application/json">{"enableLinkMonetizer":true,"keywordLinkerKeywordLimit":"","affiliateJsClientPath":"https:\/\/affiliate-cdn.raptive.com\/affiliate.mvp.min.js","affiliateApiPath":"https:\/\/affiliate-api.raptive.com","amazonAffiliateId":"raptive-star-facts-20","excludeNetworks":["raptive"],"excludeDestinations":["cj"],"enableAnalytics":true,"pluginVersion":"1.1.6"}</script> <script async referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false" src="https://affiliate-cdn.raptive.com/affiliate.mvp.min.js"></script> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><meta name="description" content="Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa), is the luminary of Canis Major (the Great Dog) and the brightest star in the sky. It is also one of the nearest stars to Earth." /><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /><meta name="author" content="admin"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.star-facts.com/sirius/" /><meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.7.9.1" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Star Facts – Stars: A guide to the night sky" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Sirius (α CMa): Star System, Facts, Location, Constellation | Star Facts" /><meta property="og:description" content="Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa), is the luminary of Canis Major (the Great Dog) and the brightest star in the sky. It is also one of the nearest stars to Earth." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.star-facts.com/sirius/" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2025-02-27T01:42:28+00:00" /><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-02-28T01:27:11+00:00" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Sirius (α CMa): Star System, Facts, Location, Constellation | Star Facts" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa), is the luminary of Canis Major (the Great Dog) and the brightest star in the sky. It is also one of the nearest stars to Earth." /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#article","name":"Sirius (\u03b1 CMa): Star System, Facts, Location, Constellation | Star Facts","headline":"Sirius","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sirius-star.webp","width":700,"height":516,"caption":"This ground-based image was taken by Japanese amateur astronomer Akira Fujii and shows a close-up of Sirius. Image credit: European Space Agency (ESA), Akira Fujii (PD)"},"datePublished":"2025-02-27T01:42:28+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-28T01:27:11+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Binary Stars, Brightest Stars, Canis Major Stars, Lucidae, Main Sequence Stars, Multiple Star Systems, Navigational Stars, Nearest Stars, White Dwarfs, 40 Eridani, Adhara, Aldebaran, Alkaid, Alnilam, Alnitak, Alpha Canis Majoris, Alpha Canis Minoris, Alpha Centauri, Alpha Coronae Borealis, Alphecca, Antares, Arcturus, Barnard's Star, Beta Aurigae, Beta Canis Majoris, Beta Crateris, Beta Eridani, Beta Serpentis, Betelgeuse, Big Dipper, Canopus, Capella, Cursa, Dog Star, Dubhe, Egyptian X, Hyades, IC 2177, Lalande 21185, Menkalinan, Messier 41, Messier 46, Messier 47, Mintaka, Mirzam, Naos, NGC 2359, Orion's Belt, Phact, Pleiades, Pollux, Procyon, Proxima Centauri, Rigel, Seagull Nebula, Sharpless 301, Sirius, Sirius A, Sirius B, Sirius Supercluster, Thor's Helmet Nebula, Ursa Major Moving Group, Vega, Winter Hexagon, Winter Triangle, Wolf 359"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#listItem","name":"Sirius"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Sirius","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#listItem","name":"Home"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization","name":"Star Facts","description":"Stars: A guide to the night sky","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/","name":"admin"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/","name":"Sirius (\u03b1 CMa): Star System, Facts, Location, Constellation | Star Facts","description":"Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris (\u03b1 CMa), is the luminary of Canis Major (the Great Dog) and the brightest star in the sky. It is also one of the nearest stars to Earth.","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/author\/admin\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sirius-star.webp","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#mainImage","width":700,"height":516,"caption":"This ground-based image was taken by Japanese amateur astronomer Akira Fujii and shows a close-up of Sirius. Image credit: European Space Agency (ESA), Akira Fujii (PD)"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/sirius\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2025-02-27T01:42:28+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-28T01:27:11+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/","name":"Star Facts","description":"Stars: A guide to the night sky","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/#organization"}}]}</script> <style data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">.adthrive-ad { margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; overflow-x: visible; clear: both; line-height: 0; } body.archive .adthrive-content, body.home .adthrive-content, body.search .adthrive-content { flex:0 0 100%; } Body.archive { Margin: auto; } body.adthrive-device-desktop { overflow: unset !important; }</style> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">window.adthriveCLS = { enabledLocations: ['Content', 'Recipe'], injectedSlots: [], injectedFromPlugin: true, branch: '936c119',bucket: 'prod', }; window.adthriveCLS.siteAds = {"siteId":"605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a","siteName":"Star Facts","betaTester":true,"targeting":[{"value":"605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a","key":"siteId"},{"value":"6233884d9dcf8170881bd786","key":"organizationId"},{"value":"Star Facts","key":"siteName"},{"value":"AdThrive Edge","key":"service"},{"value":"on","key":"bidding"},{"value":["Science"],"key":"verticals"}],"breakpoints":{"tablet":768,"desktop":1024},"cloudflare":{"version":"60dd22b"},"adUnits":[{"sequence":1,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_1","sticky":false,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"#secondary > *","skip":2,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":299,"autosize":true},{"sequence":9,"targeting":[{"value":["Sidebar"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Sidebar_9","sticky":true,"location":"Sidebar","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"#secondary","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":".site-footer","adSizes":[[160,600],[336,280],[320,50],[300,600],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,1050],[300,50],[300,420],[300,250]],"priority":291,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":1,"max":3,"lazyMax":96,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":3,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":0.7,"max":4,"lazyMax":95,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["phone"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":1,"max":3,"lazyMax":96,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","skip":3,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Content"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["tablet","phone","desktop"],"name":"Content","sticky":false,"location":"Content","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.archive, body.home, body.search","spacing":0,"max":3,"lazyMax":4,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":"article","skip":1,"classNames":[],"position":"afterend","every":2,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[970,90],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[970,250],[1,2],[300,50],[300,300],[552,334],[728,250],[300,250]],"priority":199,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Below Post"],"key":"location"}],"devices":["phone","tablet","desktop"],"name":"Below_Post","sticky":false,"location":"Below Post","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","spacing":0,"max":0,"lazyMax":1,"enable":true,"lazy":true,"elementSelector":".entry-content","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[728,90],[336,280],[320,50],[468,60],[250,250],[1,1],[320,100],[300,250],[970,250],[728,250]],"priority":99,"autosize":true},{"sequence":null,"targeting":[{"value":["Footer"],"key":"location"},{"value":true,"key":"sticky"}],"devices":["tablet","phone","desktop"],"name":"Footer","sticky":true,"location":"Footer","dynamic":{"pageSelector":"","spacing":0,"max":1,"lazyMax":null,"enable":true,"lazy":false,"elementSelector":"body","skip":0,"classNames":[],"position":"beforeend","every":1,"enabled":true},"stickyOverlapSelector":"","adSizes":[[320,50],[320,100],[728,90],[970,90],[468,60],[1,1],[300,50]],"priority":-1,"autosize":true}],"adDensityLayout":{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.26,"onePerViewport":false},"pageOverrides":[{"mobile":{"adDensity":0.3,"onePerViewport":false},"note":null,"pageSelector":"body.archive, body.home, body.search","desktop":{"adDensity":0.3,"onePerViewport":false}}],"desktop":{"adDensity":0.25,"onePerViewport":false}},"adDensityEnabled":true,"siteExperiments":[],"adTypes":{"sponsorTileDesktop":true,"interscrollerDesktop":true,"nativeDesktopContent":true,"outstreamDesktop":true,"nativeBelowPostDesktop":true,"miniscroller":true,"animatedFooter":true,"largeFormatsMobile":true,"nativeMobileContent":true,"inRecipeRecommendationMobile":true,"nativeMobileRecipe":true,"expandableFooter":true,"nativeDesktopSidebar":true,"sponsorTileMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsMobile":false,"interscroller":true,"nativeDesktopRecipe":true,"outstreamMobile":true,"nativeHeaderDesktop":true,"nativeHeaderMobile":true,"nativeBelowPostMobile":true,"expandableCatalogAdsDesktop":false,"largeFormatsDesktop":true,"inRecipeRecommendationDesktop":true},"adOptions":{"theTradeDesk":true,"rtbhouse":true,"undertone":true,"sidebarConfig":{"dynamicStickySidebar":{"minHeight":1250,"enabled":true,"blockedSelectors":[]}},"footerCloseButton":true,"teads":true,"pmp":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":true,"sharethrough":true,"optimizeVideoPlayersForEarnings":true,"removeVideoTitleWrapper":true,"pubMatic":true,"infiniteScroll":false,"yahoossp":true,"improvedigital":true,"spa":false,"stickyContainerConfig":{"recipeDesktop":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"blockedSelectors":[],"stickyHeaderSelectors":[],"content":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false},"recipeMobile":{"minHeight":null,"enabled":false}},"sonobi":true,"yieldmo":true,"footerSelector":"","amazonUAM":true,"gamMCMEnabled":true,"gamMCMChildNetworkCode":"306030555","stickyContainerAds":false,"rubicon":true,"conversant":true,"openx":true,"customCreativeEnabled":true,"mobileHeaderHeight":1,"secColor":"#000000","unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"bRealTime":true,"gumgum":true,"comscoreFooter":true,"desktopInterstitial":false,"footerCloseButtonDesktop":false,"ozone":false,"isAutoOptimized":false,"adform":true,"comscoreTAL":true,"targetaff":false,"bgColor":"#FFFFFF","advancePlaylistOptions":{"playlistPlayer":{"enabled":true},"relatedPlayer":{"enabled":true,"applyToFirst":true}},"amazonASR":false,"kargo":true,"liveRampATS":true,"footerCloseButtonMobile":false,"interstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","allowSmallerAdSizes":true,"comscore":"General","wakeLock":{"desktopEnabled":true,"mobileValue":15,"mobileEnabled":true,"desktopValue":30},"mobileInterstitial":false,"tripleLift":true,"sensitiveCategories":["alc","ast","cbd","conl","dat","drg","gamc","gamv","pol","rel","sst","ssr","srh","ske","tob","wtl"],"liveRamp":true,"mobileInterstitialBlockedPageSelectors":"","adthriveEmailIdentity":true,"criteo":true,"nativo":false,"infiniteScrollOptions":{"selector":"","heightThreshold":0},"siteAttributes":{"mobileHeaderSelectors":[],"desktopHeaderSelectors":[]},"dynamicContentSlotLazyLoading":true,"clsOptimizedAds":true,"aidem":false,"verticals":["Science"],"inImage":false,"advancePlaylist":true,"flipp":true,"delayLoading":true,"inImageZone":null,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"liveRampId":"","infiniteScrollRefresh":false,"indexExchange":true},"videoPlayers":{"contextual":{"autoplayCollapsibleEnabled":false,"overrideEmbedLocation":false,"defaultPlayerType":"static"},"videoEmbed":"wordpress","footerSelector":"","contentSpecificPlaylists":[],"players":[{"devices":["desktop","mobile"],"description":"","id":4072691,"title":"Stationary related player - desktop and mobile","type":"stationaryRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"pageSelector":"","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","elementSelector":"","skip":0,"id":4072692,"position":"afterend","title":"Sticky related player - desktop","type":"stickyRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"pageSelector":"","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"bottom-right","description":"","elementSelector":"","skip":0,"id":4072693,"position":"afterend","title":"Sticky related player - mobile","type":"stickyRelated","enabled":true,"playerId":"aZeRva7x"},{"playlistId":"FMjzNJj7","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","devices":["desktop"],"description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"footerSelector":"","elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","id":4072694,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":true,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"MSt6KYmA"},{"playlistId":"FMjzNJj7","pageSelector":"body.single, body.page","devices":["mobile"],"mobileLocation":"top-center","description":"","skip":1,"title":"","type":"stickyPlaylist","enabled":true,"footerSelector":"","elementSelector":".entry-content > p, .entry-content > * > li","id":4072695,"position":"afterend","saveVideoCloseState":false,"shuffle":true,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"playerId":"MSt6KYmA"}],"partners":{"theTradeDesk":true,"yahoossp":true,"criteo":true,"unruly":true,"mediaGrid":true,"improvedigital":true,"undertone":true,"gumgum":true,"aidem":false,"yieldmo":true,"adform":true,"pmp":true,"amazonUAM":true,"kargo":true,"thirtyThreeAcross":false,"stickyOutstream":{"desktop":{"enabled":true},"blockedPageSelectors":"","mobileLocation":"bottom-left","allowOnHomepage":true,"mobile":{"enabled":true},"saveVideoCloseState":false,"mobileHeaderSelector":null,"allowForPageWithStickyPlayer":{"enabled":true}},"sharethrough":true,"rubicon":true,"appNexus":true,"rise":true,"tripleLift":true,"openx":true,"pubMatic":true,"indexExchange":true}}};</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w.adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-3.7.1'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com'; w.adthrive.integration = 'plugin'; var commitParam = (w.adthriveCLS && w.adthriveCLS.bucket !== 'prod' && w.adthriveCLS.branch) ? '&commit=' + w.adthriveCLS.branch : ''; var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/605dcb4160a483f0ed75871a/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + commitParam + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1) + ''; var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document);</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ads.adthrive.com/" crossorigin><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Star Facts » Feed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Star Facts » Comments Feed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript">window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);</script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; }</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color: var(--nv-secondary-accent);--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg: var(--nv-site-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg: var(--nv-light-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg: var(--nv-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color: var(--nv-text-color);--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg: var(--nv-text-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1: var(--nv-c-1);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2: var(--nv-c-2);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><style id='neve-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.header-menu-sidebar-inner li.menu-item-nav-search { display: none; } [data-row-id] .row { display: flex !important; align-items: center; flex-wrap: unset;} @media (max-width: 960px) { .footer--row .row { flex-direction: column; } } .nv-meta-list li.meta:not(:last-child):after { content:"/" }.nv-meta-list .no-mobile{ display:none; }.nv-meta-list li.last::after{ content: ""!important; }@media (min-width: 769px) { .nv-meta-list .no-mobile { display: inline-block; } .nv-meta-list li.last:not(:last-child)::after { content: "/" !important; } } .container{ max-width: 748px; } .has-neve-button-color-color{ color: var(--nv-primary-accent)!important; } .has-neve-button-color-background-color{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent)!important; } .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:718px;margin:auto } .button.button-primary, button, input[type=button], .btn, input[type="submit"], /* Buttons in navigation */ ul[id^="nv-primary-navigation"] li.button.button-primary > a, .menu li.button.button-primary > a, .wp-block-button.is-style-primary .wp-block-button__link, .wc-block-grid .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link, form input[type="submit"], form button[type="submit"]{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-primary:hover, ul[id^="nv-primary-navigation"] li.button.button-primary > a:hover, .menu li.button.button-primary > a:hover, .wp-block-button.is-style-primary .wp-block-button__link:hover, .wc-block-grid .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover, form input[type="submit"]:hover, form button[type="submit"]:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } .button.button-secondary:not(.secondary-default), .wp-block-button.is-style-secondary .wp-block-button__link{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-secondary.secondary-default{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff;border-radius:3px 3px 3px 3px;border:none;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px; } .button.button-secondary:not(.secondary-default):hover, .wp-block-button.is-style-secondary .wp-block-button__link:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } .button.button-secondary.secondary-default:hover{ background-color: var(--nv-primary-accent);color: #ffffff; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } form input:read-write, form textarea, form select, form select option, form.wp-block-search input.wp-block-search__input, .widget select{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } form.search-form input:read-write{ padding-right:45px !important; } .global-styled{ --bgcolor: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-main-inner,.header-main-inner a:not(.button),.header-main-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-main-inner .nv-icon svg,.header-main-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-main-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-main-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-main-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-bottom-inner,.header-bottom-inner a:not(.button),.header-bottom-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-bottom-inner .nv-icon svg,.header-bottom-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-bottom-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-bottom-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-bottom-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg,.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg a:not(.button),.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nv-icon svg,.header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .hfg_header .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .hfg_header .header-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar-bg{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item) > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .has-caret > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .neve-mm-heading span,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul .has-caret{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item) > a:after,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li > .has-caret > a:after{ background-color: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:not(.woocommerce-mini-cart-item):hover > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret{ color: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li:hover > .has-caret svg{ fill: var(--nv-secondary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current-menu-item > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current_page_item > a,.builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current_page_item > .has-caret > a{ color: var(--nv-primary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-menu-primary > .nav-ul li.current-menu-item > .has-caret svg{ fill: var(--nv-primary-accent); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; font-weight: 500; text-transform: none;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .footer-top-inner{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .footer-top-inner,.footer-top-inner a:not(.button),.footer-top-inner .navbar-toggle{ color: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .nv-icon svg,.footer-top-inner .nv-contact-list svg{ fill: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .icon-bar{ background-color: var(--nv-text-color); } .footer-top-inner .nav-ul .sub-menu{ background-color: var(--nv-site-bg); } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } @media(min-width: 576px){ .container{ max-width: 992px; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } }@media(min-width: 960px){ .container{ max-width: 1170px; } #content .container .col, #content .container-fluid .col{ max-width: 70%; } .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:789px } .container-fluid .alignfull > [class*="__inner-container"], .container-fluid .alignwide > [class*="__inner-container"]{ max-width:calc(70% + 15px) } .nv-sidebar-wrap, .nv-sidebar-wrap.shop-sidebar{ max-width: 30%; } h1, .single h1.entry-title{ font-size: 2em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px; } .header-menu-sidebar{ width: 360px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo img{ max-width: 120px; } .builder-item--logo .site-logo{ padding:10px 0px 10px 0px; } .builder-item--logo{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--nav-icon .navbar-toggle{ padding:10px 15px 10px 15px; } .builder-item--nav-icon{ margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul > li:not(:last-of-type){ margin-right:20px; } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart) > a:after{ left:-10px;right:-10px } .builder-item--primary-menu .style-full-height .nav-ul li:not(.menu-item-nav-search):not(.menu-item-nav-cart):hover > a:after{ width: calc(100% + 20px); } .builder-item--primary-menu .nav-ul li a, .builder-item--primary-menu .neve-mm-heading span{ min-height: 25px; } .builder-item--primary-menu{ font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em; letter-spacing: 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--primary-menu svg{ width: 1em;height: 1em; } .builder-item--footer-one-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } .builder-item--footer-two-widgets{ padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; } }:root{--nv-primary-accent:#21272d;--nv-secondary-accent:#3e8ff2;--nv-site-bg:#ffffff;--nv-light-bg:#ededed;--nv-dark-bg:#14171c;--nv-text-color:#393939;--nv-text-dark-bg:#ffffff;--nv-c-1:#77b978;--nv-c-2:#f37262;--nv-fallback-ff:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/126" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.star-facts.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /><link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.star-facts.com/?p=126' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-facts.com%2Fsirius%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-facts.com%2Fsirius%2F&format=xml" /> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-disable-ads-936c119'>var cls_disable_ads=function(e){"use strict";var t,i,o,a,r,n,s,l,d,c,u,p,h,_,g,S,y,m,v,f,O;function w(){return w=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var i=arguments[t];for(var o in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,o)&&(e[o]=i[o])}return e},w.apply(this,arguments)}window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2025-02-28",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Medianet="medianet",e.Nativo="nativo",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenX="openx",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.SharethroughServer="share_ss",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.ix="ix",e.medianet="mn",e.openx="ox",e.pubmatic="pu",e.rubicon="ma",e.sharethrough="sh",e.triplelift="tl"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool",e.fallback="fallback"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp",e.fallback="f"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn",e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(g||(g={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(S||(S={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(y||(y={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(O||(O={}));const C=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var o;"debug"===(null==(o=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:o.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...o){const a=[`%c${t}::${i} `],r=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];o.length>0&&"string"==typeof o[0]&&a.push(o.shift()),r.push(...o);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[a.join(""),...r])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}};class b{}const P=["mcmpfreqrec"];new class extends b{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],o=e.value[`${t}_weight`];this.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(t,i,o,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var o;const r=null!=(o=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?o:{value:400,unit:"days"};var a;const n=null!=(a=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&a;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(r),expiry:r,resetOnRead:n};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(r),expiry:r,resetOnRead:n};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var o;const r=null!=(o=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?o:{value:400,unit:"days"};var a;const n=null!=(a=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&a;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(r),expiry:r,resetOnRead:n};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(r),expiry:r,resetOnRead:n};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(e,t,i,o,a=!0){const r="adthrive_abgroup",n=this.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==n){const t=n[e];var s;const i=null!=(s=n[`${e}_weight`])?s:null;if(this._isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(t))return[t,i]}const l=w({},n,{[e]:t,[`${e}_weight`]:i});return o?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,l,{expiry:o,resetOnRead:a}):this.setInternalLocalStorage(r,l),[t,i]}_isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(e){return null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e))}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const o=JSON.parse(t),a=o.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(o.expires).getTime();if("adthrive_abgroup"===e&&o.created)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(o.resetOnRead&&o.expires&&!a){const t=this._resetExpiry(o);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(o)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(a)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!o.hasOwnProperty("value"))return o;try{return JSON.parse(o.value)}catch(e){return o.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,o){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const o={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(o)}else{var a;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(a=null==o?void 0:o.expiry)?a:{value:400,unit:"days"});var r;const s=null!=(r=null==o?void 0:o.sameSite)?r:"None";var n;const l=null==(n=null==o?void 0:o.secure)||n,d="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${d}; SameSite=${s}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!P.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}};const x=e=>{const t=window.location.href;return e.some((e=>new RegExp(e,"i").test(t)))};window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const k=window.adthrive.windowPerformance;k.now.bind(k);class A{checkCommandQueue(){this.adthrive&&this.adthrive.cmd&&this.adthrive.cmd.forEach((e=>{const t=e.toString(),i=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableAds");i&&this.disableAllAds(this.extractPatterns(i));const o=this.extractAPICall(t,"disableContentAds");o&&this.disableContentAds(this.extractPatterns(o));const a=this.extractAPICall(t,"disablePlaylistPlayers");a&&this.disablePlaylistPlayers(this.extractPatterns(a))}))}extractPatterns(e){const t=e.match(/["'](.*?)['"]/g);if(null!==t)return t.map((e=>e.replace(/["']/g,"")))}extractAPICall(e,t){const i=new RegExp(t+"\$(.*?)\$","g"),o=e.match(i);return null!==o&&o[0]}disableAllAds(e){e&&!x(e)||(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_page"))}disableContentAds(e){e&&!x(e)||(this.content=!0,this.recipe=!0,this.locations.add(u.Content),this.locations.add(u.Recipe),this.reasons.add("content_plugin"))}disablePlaylistPlayers(e){e&&!x(e)||(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_page"))}urlHasEmail(e){if(!e)return!1;return null!==/([A-Z0-9._%+-]+(@|%(25)*40)[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,})/i.exec(e)}constructor(e){this.adthrive=e,this.all=!1,this.content=!1,this.recipe=!1,this.video=!1,this.locations=new Set,this.reasons=new Set,(this.urlHasEmail(window.location.href)||this.urlHasEmail(window.document.referrer))&&(this.all=!0,this.reasons.add("all_email"));try{this.checkCommandQueue(),null!==document.querySelector(".tag-novideo")&&(this.video=!0,this.locations.add("Video"),this.reasons.add("video_tag"))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDisableAds","checkCommandQueue",e)}}}const I=window.adthriveCLS;return I&&(I.disableAds=new A(window.adthrive)),e.ClsDisableAds=A,e}({});</script><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript></head><body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-126 single-format-standard nv-sidebar-right menu_sidebar_slide_left" id="neve_body" ><div class="wrapper"><header class="header" > <a class="neve-skip-link show-on-focus" href="#content" > Skip to content </a><div id="header-grid" class="hfg_header site-header"><nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained nv-navbar header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"><div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.star-facts.com/" title="Star Facts" aria-label="Star Facts"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Star Facts</p><small>Stars: A guide to the night sky</small></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav><div class="header--row header-bottom hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained header--row" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="header--row-inner header-bottom-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_bottom" ><div class="builder-item has-nav hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"><div class="nv-nav-wrap"><div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"><ul id="nv-primary-navigation-bottom" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-"><li id="menu-item-1978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-1978"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-1980" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1980"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li id="menu-item-1979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1979"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5404" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5404"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nearest-stars/">Nearest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-6956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6956"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">Largest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5253" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5253"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/types-of-stars/">Types of Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-5535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5535"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/life-cycle-of-a-star/">Life Cycle of a Star</a></li><li id="menu-item-4817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4817"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/list-of-stars/">List of Stars</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained nv-navbar header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="mobile"><div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"><div class="container"><div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-first col-8 mobile-center tablet-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"><div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.star-facts.com/" title="Star Facts" aria-label="Star Facts"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Star Facts</p><small>Stars: A guide to the night sky</small></div></a></div></div></div><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last col-4 tablet-right mobile-right"><div class="item--inner builder-item--nav-icon" data-section="header_menu_icon" data-item-id="nav-icon"><div class="menu-mobile-toggle item-button navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class=" navbar-toggle" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu "> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Navigation Menu</span> </button></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav><div id="header-menu-sidebar" class="header-menu-sidebar menu-sidebar-panel slide_left hfg-pe" data-row-id="sidebar"><div id="header-menu-sidebar-bg" class="header-menu-sidebar-bg"><div class="close-sidebar-panel navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="hamburger is-active navbar-toggle active" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu "> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Navigation Menu </span> </button></div><div id="header-menu-sidebar-inner" class="header-menu-sidebar-inner "><div class="builder-item has-nav hfg-item-last hfg-item-first col-12 mobile-left tablet-left desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"><div class="nv-nav-wrap"><div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"><ul id="nv-primary-navigation-sidebar" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-1978"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/">Home</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1980"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1979"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5404"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nearest-stars/">Nearest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6956"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">Largest Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5253"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/types-of-stars/">Types of Stars</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5535"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/life-cycle-of-a-star/">Life Cycle of a Star</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4817"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/list-of-stars/">List of Stars</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="header-menu-sidebar-overlay hfg-ov hfg-pe"></div></div></header><main id="content" class="neve-main"><div class="container single-post-container"><div class="row"><article id="post-126" class="nv-single-post-wrap col post-126 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-binary-stars category-brightest-stars category-canis-major-stars category-lucidae category-main-sequence-stars category-multiple-star-systems category-navigational-stars category-nearest-stars category-white-dwarfs tag-40-eridani tag-adhara tag-aldebaran tag-alkaid tag-alnilam tag-alnitak tag-alpha-canis-majoris tag-alpha-canis-minoris tag-alpha-centauri tag-alpha-coronae-borealis tag-alphecca tag-antares tag-arcturus tag-barnards-star tag-beta-aurigae tag-beta-canis-majoris tag-beta-crateris tag-beta-eridani tag-beta-serpentis tag-betelgeuse tag-big-dipper tag-canopus tag-capella tag-cursa tag-dog-star tag-dubhe tag-egyptian-x tag-hyades tag-ic-2177 tag-lalande-21185 tag-menkalinan tag-messier-41 tag-messier-46 tag-messier-47 tag-mintaka tag-mirzam tag-naos tag-ngc-2359 tag-orions-belt tag-phact tag-pleiades tag-pollux tag-procyon tag-proxima-centauri tag-rigel tag-seagull-nebula tag-sharpless-301 tag-sirius tag-sirius-a tag-sirius-b tag-sirius-supercluster tag-thors-helmet-nebula tag-ursa-major-moving-group tag-vega tag-winter-hexagon tag-winter-triangle tag-wolf-359"><div class="entry-header" ><div class="nv-title-meta-wrap"><h1 class="title entry-title">Sirius</h1><ul class="nv-meta-list"><li class="meta author vcard "><span class="author-name fn">by <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/author/admin/" title="Posts by admin" rel="author">admin</a></span></li><li class="meta date posted-on "><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-27T01:42:28+00:00" content="2025-02-27">2025-02-27</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-28T01:27:11+00:00">2025-02-28</time></li></ul></div></div><div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa), is the brightest star in the night sky and one of the nearest star systems to Earth. The blue-white star has an apparent magnitude of -1.46 and lies at a distance of only 8.6 light years from the Sun. It is also known as the Dog Star. It is the brightest star in the constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a>, the Great Dog.</p><p>The Sirius star system is the fifth nearest star system to Earth. Sirius A is the seventh individual nearest star and Sirius B is the closest white dwarf.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Star system</h2><p>Sirius is a binary star system composed of Sirius A, a white main-sequence star of spectral type A0mA1 Va, and Sirius B, a white dwarf with the stellar classification DA2.</p><p>The primary component, Sirius A (Alpha Canis Majoris A), is the nearest A-type star to the Sun and the second nearest visible star system to Earth, after <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri</a>.</p><p>The companion, Sirius B (Alpha Canis Majoris B), is nicknamed the Pup. It is the nearest known white dwarf to the Sun. It is invisible to the unaided eye.</p><p>Sirius A and Sirius B orbit each other every 50.1284 ± 0.0043 years at a distance that varies between 8.2 and 31.5 astronomical units (AU). This corresponds to an angular separation between 3 and 11 arcseconds.</p><p>The average separation between the two stars is about 20 astronomical units, which is roughly equal to the distance between the Sun and Uranus. The stars have an elliptical orbit. They were the farthest apart in 2019 and will come to the closest approach again in 2044. Seen from Earth, the greatest observational separation between the pair occurred in 2023, when the components were separated by 11.333 arcseconds.</p><div id="attachment_7739" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7739" class="size-full wp-image-7739" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20516'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius,sirius star,alpha canis majoris,brightest star in the sky" width="700" height="516" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-300x221.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star.webp" /><noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7739" class="size-full wp-image-7739" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star.webp" alt="sirius,sirius star,alpha canis majoris,brightest star in the sky" width="700" height="516" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-300x221.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7739" class="wp-caption-text">This ground-based image was taken by Japanese amateur astronomer Akira Fujii and shows a close-up of Sirius. Image credit: European Space Agency (ESA), Akira Fujii (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p></div><p>At periastron (the closest approach), the two stars can only be resolved in a 12-inch or larger telescope. As they have been moving away from each other since the last periastron in 1994, Sirius A and Sirius B are easier to resolve.</p><p>Sirius A has a 2.063 times the Sun’s mass and a radius of 1.713 solar radii. It shines at magnitude -1.46 from a distance of 8.60 light-years. With an estimated age of 242 ± 5 million years, the star is considerably younger than the Sun (4.6 billion years).</p><p>Sirius has a projected rotational velocity of 16 km/s, which is not high enough to cause any marked flattening at its poles.</p><p>With an effective temperature of 9,845 K, the star is 24.7 times more luminous than the Sun. It has an absolute magnitude of +1.43.</p><p>Sirius A is a metallic-line star (Am star), with a spectrum that shows strong absorption lines of elements heavier than helium. It has 316% of the Sun’s abundance of iron.</p><p>The star’s spectral type, A0mA1 Va, indicates that Sirius A would have the classification A1 based on its hydrogen and helium lines, but it would belong to the spectral class A0 based on the absorption lines of metals. The high content of metals is believed to be mainly present in the surface layers, not in the entire star.</p><p>Sirius B, on the other hand, is considerably smaller and fainter, and yet it is one of the more massive white dwarfs ever discovered. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.44 and an absolute magnitude of 11.18. It lies a bit farther away than Sirius, at a distance of 8.709 light years.</p><p>The mass of Sirius B is only slightly greater than the Sun’s (1.018 solar masses) and its radius is only 0.008098 solar radii. In other words, the stellar remnant has the mass of the Sun packed into the size comparable to that of the Earth.</p><p>Sirius B has an estimated surface temperature of around 25,000 K, but shines with only 0.02448 solar luminosities. The white dwarf’s temperature will continue to gradually decrease over the next 2 billion years.</p><p>The estimated age of Sirius B is 228 million years. The star is a stronger source of X-ray radiation than Sirius A.</p><div id="attachment_7740" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7740" class="size-full wp-image-7740" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20554'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius x-ray,sirius a and sirius b" width="700" height="554" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1-300x237.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7740" class="size-full wp-image-7740" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1.webp" alt="sirius x-ray,sirius a and sirius b" width="700" height="554" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-X-ray-1-300x237.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7740" class="wp-caption-text">The Chandra X-ray image of Sirius A & B, a double star system located 8.6 light years from Earth, shows a bright source and a dim source. The central bright source is Sirius B, a dense white dwarf star with a surface temperature of about 25,000 degrees Celsius. The dim source (slightly above and to the right of Sirius B) is Sirius A, a normal star more than twice as massive as the Sun. The spoke-like pattern of light is an instrument artifact due to the transmission grating. The white dwarf, Sirius B, has a mass equal to the mass of the Sun packed into a diameter that is 90% that of the Earth. The gravity on the surface of Sirius B is 400,000 times that of Earth! Credit: NASA/CXC/SAO (Chandra X-ray Observatory) (PD)</p></div><p>Sirius B was once the more massive star in the system, which is why it evolved faster than its close neighbour.</p><p>The Alpha Canis Majoris system is believed to have initially consisted of two bluish-white stars locked in an elliptical 9.1-year orbit. Sirius B, originally a B-type star with an estimated mass of 5 solar masses, then evolved away from the main sequence and became a red giant about 120 million years ago. Eventually it puffed away its outer layers to form a planetary nebula (which has long faded) and became a white dwarf.</p><p>Sirius A will meet the same fate in the future. The star will exhaust the hydrogen supply in its core within its first billion years of life and evolve into a red giant before becoming a white dwarf. In comparison, our Sun, which has half the mass of Sirius, will take another 4-5 billion years to evolve away from the main sequence.</p><p>In 2024, a team of astronomers used modelling with MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) and <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03267">determined</a> an age of 203.6 ± 45 million years for the Sirius system. They derived a mass of 1.015 ± 0.189 solar masses for the white dwarf, and a progenitor mass of 6.0 ± 0.6 solar masses.</p><p><div id="attachment_7738" style="width: 510px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7738" class="size-full wp-image-7738" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20500%20546'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius star system,sirius hubble,sirius a,sirius b" width="500" height="546" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope.webp 500w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope-275x300.webp 275w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7738" class="size-full wp-image-7738" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope.webp" alt="sirius star system,sirius hubble,sirius a,sirius b" width="500" height="546" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope.webp 500w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-A-and-Sirius-B-Hubble-Space-Telescope-275x300.webp 275w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7738" class="wp-caption-text">This Hubble Space Telescope image shows Sirius A, the brightest star in our nighttime sky, along with its faint, tiny stellar companion, Sirius B. Astronomers overexposed the image of Sirius A [at centre] so that the dim Sirius B [tiny dot at lower left] could be seen. The cross-shaped diffraction spikes and concentric rings around A*, and the small ring around Sirius B, are artifacts produced within the telescope’s imaging system. The two stars revolve around each other every 50 years. Sirius A, only 8.6 light-years from Earth, is the fifth closest star system known. The image was taken with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. Image: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI), and M. Barstow (University of Leicester) (PD)</p></div>The German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel was the first to infer the existence of an unseen companion orbiting Sirius in 1844, after observing the changes in the star’s proper motion. Sirius B was not directly observed until January 31, 1862, when American astronomer and telescope maker Alvan Graham Clark reported the sighting of the faint companion.</p><p>Clark made the observation while testing an 18.5-inch great refractor telescope for the Dearborn Observatory at Northwestern University. This was the largest refractor ever built at the time. The sighting of the companion star was corroborated with smaller instruments on March 8.</p><p>American astronomer Walter Sydney Adams studied the spectrum of Sirius B in 1959 with a 60-inch reflector at Mount Wilson Observatory in California and found it to be a faint whitish star. Astronomers subsequently determined that the star was a white dwarf.</p><p>Sirius B was the second white dwarf to be discovered. The first one was found in the triple star system <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/40-eridani-keid/">40 Eridani</a>.</p><p>In 2005, astronomers used data from the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the diameter of Sirius B and found that the stellar remnant was almost as large as Earth (12,000 km or 7,500 mi) and had 102% of the Sun’s mass.</p><div id="attachment_2418" style="width: 727px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2418" class="wp-image-2418 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20717%20538'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="717" height="538" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system.webp 717w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system-300x225.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2418" class="wp-image-2418 size-full" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system.webp" alt="" width="717" height="538" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system.webp 717w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-star-system-300x225.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-2418" class="wp-caption-text">This picture is an artist’s impression showing how the binary star system of Sirius A and its diminutive blue companion, Sirius B, might appear to an interstellar visitor. The large, bluish-white star Sirius A dominates the scene, while Sirius B is the small but very hot and blue white-dwarf star on the right. The two stars revolve around each other every 50 years. White dwarfs are the leftover remnants of stars similar to our Sun. The Sirius system, only 8.6 light-years from Earth, is the fifth closest stellar system known. Sirius B is faint because of its tiny size. Its diameter is only 7,500 miles (about 12 thousand kilometres), slightly smaller than the size of our Earth. The Sirius system is so close to Earth that most of the familiar <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations/">constellations</a> would have nearly the same appearance as in our own sky. In this rendition, we see in the background the three bright stars that make up the Summer Triangle: Altair, Deneb, and Vega. Altair is the white dot above Sirius A; Deneb is the dot to the upper right; and Vega lies below Sirius B. But there is one unfamiliar addition to the constellations: our own Sun is the second-magnitude star, shown as a small dot just below and to the right of Sirius A. Image: NASA, ESA and G. Bacon (STScI) (PD)</p></div><p>Orbital irregularities observed since 1894 indicate the possibility of a third star in the system. If it exists, it is a very small star with a mass of 0.06 solar masses, in a six-year orbit around the primary star. However, no direct sightings have been reported yet.</p><p>Observations in 1995 led scientists to conclude that there was likely a third star in the system. The candidate star would have a mass of about 0.05 solar masses and an orbital period of 6 to 6.4 years. It would be separated from Sirius A by less than 3 arcseconds.</p><p>More recently, a survey with the Hubble Space Telescope ruled out the possibility of any object larger than a brown dwarf or a large exoplanet orbiting either Sirius A or Sirius B.</p><p>Observations with the VTL Survey Telescope in 2015 ruled out the presence of giant planets with 4 to 11 Jupiter masses orbiting the primary star during a survey that looked for evidence of planets in the Sirius system.</p><p>In 2021, an imaging <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.05234">search</a> with the NIRC2 imager on the Keck II telescope at the W. M. Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, did not detect any planetary companions around Sirius B.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Facts</h2><p>With a visual magnitude of -1.46, Sirius is almost twice as bright as the second brightest star, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a> (mag. -0.74). It is also much better known than <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a> north of the equator because it is visible from most places in the northern hemisphere. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a>, on the other hand, lies in the far southern sky and stays below the horizon for observers in the mid-northern latitudes.</p><p>Sirius appears so bright both because it is intrinsically luminous, with an energy output about 24.7 times that of the Sun, and because of its proximity to the solar system. However, compared to other bright stars like <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigel/">Rigel</a> (120,000 solar luminosities), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/betelgeuse/">Betelgeuse</a> (65,000 to 87,000 L<sub>☉</sub>) and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a> (16,600 L<sub>☉</sub>), or even <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/arcturus/">Arcturus</a> (170 L<sub>☉</sub>) and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella</a> (78.7 L<sub>☉</sub>), Sirius is not exceptionally luminous.</p><p>Even though it is exceptionally bright, Sirius never outshines the planets Jupiter and Venus. It sometimes also appears fainter than Mercury and Mars.</p><div id="attachment_7743" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7743" class="size-full wp-image-7743" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20352'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius compared to the sun,sirius compared to alpha centauri" width="700" height="352" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri-300x151.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7743" class="size-full wp-image-7743" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri.webp" alt="sirius compared to the sun,sirius compared to alpha centauri" width="700" height="352" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-size-compared-to-Sun-and-Alpha-Centauri-300x151.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7743" class="wp-caption-text">Size comparison between Sirius, Rigil Kentaurus (Alpha Centauri A) and the Sun, credit: NASA and Typhoon2021 (PD)</p></div><p>Sirius can sometimes be seen in the daylight from higher altitudes, when the sky is clear enough and the Sun is about to set.</p><p>Alpha Canis Majoris is the fifth nearest star system to Earth, after <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/barnards-star/">Barnard’s Star</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wolf-359/">Wolf 359</a>, and Lalande 21185. It contains two of the eight <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nearest-stars/">nearest stars</a>. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri</a>, the nearest star system to the Sun, lies at only half the distance (4.37 light years). Sirius is the seventh nearest star system if one includes the brown dwarf systems Luhman 16 and WISE 0855-0714.</p><p>The component Sirius A is the seventh individual closest star to the Sun, after <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/proxima-centauri/">Proxima Centauri</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigil-kentaurus/">Rigil Kentaurus</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/toliman/">Toliman</a> in the <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri system</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/barnards-star/">Barnard’s Star</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wolf-359/">Wolf 359</a>, and Lalande 21185.</p><p>Sirius is part of two prominent winter <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/">asterisms</a>: the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-triangle/">Winter Triangle</a> and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-hexagon/">Winter Hexagon</a>. These star patterns dominate the evening sky throughout the winter months in the northern hemisphere.</p><div id="attachment_2419" style="width: 753px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2419" class="wp-image-2419 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20743%20585'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="winter triangle,great southern triangle" width="743" height="585" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse.webp 743w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse-300x236.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2419" class="wp-image-2419 size-full" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse.webp" alt="winter triangle,great southern triangle" width="743" height="585" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse.webp 743w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Procyon-Sirius-and-Betelgeuse-300x236.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-2419" class="wp-caption-text">Procyon (upper left), Sirius (botton centre) and Betelgeuse (upper right), image: Hubble/European Space Agency, credit: Akira Fujii (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p></div><p>The Dog Star forms the Winter Triangle with <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/betelgeuse/">Betelgeuse</a>, the second brightest star in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a>, and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a>, the brightest star in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor constellation</a>. The asterism is sometimes also called the Great Southern Triangle.</p><p>The stars of the Winter Triangle form a larger asterism known as the Egyptian Cross or Egyptian X with <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/naos/">Naos</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/phact-alpha-columbae/">Phact</a>, the brightest stars in the constellations <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis</a> (the Stern) and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/columba-constellation/">Columba</a> (the Dove). The Egyptian X is best seen from equatorial latitudes because <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/naos/">Naos</a> never rises for observers north of the latitude 60° N.</p><div id="attachment_6793" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6793" class="size-full wp-image-6793" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20549'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="egyptian x asterism,egyptian cross" width="700" height="549" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X-300x235.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-6793" class="size-full wp-image-6793" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X.webp" alt="egyptian x asterism,egyptian cross" width="700" height="549" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Egyptian-X-300x235.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-6793" class="wp-caption-text">Egyptian X, image: Stellarium</p></div><p>The Winter Hexagon is a larger asterism formed by Sirius with <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/pollux/">Pollux</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/auriga-constellation/">Auriga</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus</a>, and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigel/">Rigel</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a>. Also known as the Winter Circle, it is one of the brightest and largest <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/">asterisms</a> in the night sky.</p><div id="attachment_7542" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7542" class="size-full wp-image-7542" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20640'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="winter circle,stars of the winter circle" width="700" height="640" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon-300x274.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7542" class="size-full wp-image-7542" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon.webp" alt="winter circle,stars of the winter circle" width="700" height="640" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Winter-Hexagon-300x274.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7542" class="wp-caption-text">The stars of the Winter Hexagon: Rigel, Sirius, Procyon, Pollux, Capella, and Aldebaran, image: Stellarium</p></div><p>Sirius is slowly moving toward us and will gradually become a little brighter over the next 60,000 years. It will then start to move away and become slightly fainter. It will nevertheless stay the brightest star in our night sky for the next 210,000 years.</p><p>Sirius has not always been the <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">brightest star in the sky</a>. It took the title from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a> about 90,000 years ago. Before <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella </a>was the brightest star and, before <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella</a>, it was <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a>.</p><p>The brightest stars that held the title were Sirius’ neighbours in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/adhara/">Adhara</a> (mag. -3.99) and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mirzam/">Mirzam</a> (-3.65). The star that held the title the most times is <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a>, which will become the brightest star again after <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a> has taken its turn after Sirius.</p><p>Precession and proper motion will gradually take Sirius further south and, around the year 9000, observers in northern and central Europe will no longer be able to see the star. Around the year 14000, Sirius will be at the declination -67°, which means that it will be circumpolar in South Africa and most places in Australia, but never rise above the horizon for observers north of the latitude 23° N.</p><p>Sirius’ closest large neighbour is <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a>, Alpha Canis Minoris. It is located only 5.24 light years (1.61 parsecs) away.</p><p>Sirius is one of the two <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a> stars selected for use in the field of celestial navigation. The other one is <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/adhara/">Adhara</a>, Epsilon Canis Majoris.</p><p>The astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria, who wrote the <em>Almagest</em>, the only surviving comprehensive astronomical treatise from the 2nd century CE, described Sirius as “The [star] on the mouth, brightest, called ‘the Dog,’ and reddish.” He depicted Sirius as one of the six reddish stars, along with <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/arcturus/">Arcturus</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/betelgeuse/">Betelgeuse</a>, and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/pollux/">Pollux</a>. The other five stars all appear orange or red and have the spectral types K or M, while Sirius is a class A star, appearing white or blue-white in colour.</p><p>Ptolemy’s description started a debate that has not yet come to a unified conclusion. His was not the only ancient reference to Sirius’ redness. The orator Cicero, philosopher Seneca and poet Aratus also called the star red, among others. Because it is not very likely that Sirius simply changed its colour from red to bluish-white within such a short period of time, this remains an unresolved mystery. To confuse things further, there are also many ancient texts calling the star white.</p><p>In 1985, citing an 8th century text written in Lombardy that described Sirius as reddish, German astronomers Wolfhard Schlosser and Werner Bergmann suggested that this further proved the theory that Sirius B was a red giant at the time. However, most astronomers reject <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/life-cycle-of-a-star/">stellar evolution</a> as an explanation because there is no sign of nebulosity in the area and the timescale is too short. If Sirius B had expelled its outer layers in the last millennium, these would have formed a planetary nebula.</p><p>Another theory proposed that the star’s scintillations near the horizon may have been responsible for its red appearance. While this may be true, it does not address the fact that ancient sources neglected the same redness that was apparent in <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigel/">Rigel</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a> and other bright bluish or white stars when they were near the horizon.</p><p>In 1717, English astronomer Edmond Halley discovered the proper motion of stars. Stars were until then believed to be “fixed.” Halley’s discovery came after he had compared the data provided by Ptolemy in the <em>Almagest</em> with contemporary astrometric measurements. The astronomer found that Sirius had moved about 30 arcminutes – the width of the full Moon – to the southwest and noted that <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/arcturus/">Arcturus</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a> had moved as well.</p><p>Sirius was the first star to have its velocity measured. In 1868, English astronomer William Huggins studied the star’s spectrum and noted a redshift. His analysis led to the conclusion that the star was receding from the Sun at a velocity of about 40 km/s.</p><p>Sirius is now known to be approaching the solar system at 5.5 km/s. Huggins likely failed to take the Earth’s orbital velocity into account, which would explain an error of about 30 km/s. However, his work opened the door to the study of stars’ radial velocities.</p><p>There were numerous attempts to determine Sirius’ parallax and distance before Scottish astronomer Thomas Henderson made the first good estimate. Henderson observed the star in 1832 and 1833. He also used South African astronomer Sir Thomas Maclear’s observations made a few years later, in 1836 and 1837, to calculate the value of the parallax of 0.23 arcseconds, with a margin of error of up to a quarter of a second. The value of 0.25 arcseconds was accepted for most of the 19th century. Today Sirius is known to have a parallax of 0.3745 arcseconds and a distance of 2.64 parsecs.</p><p>In 1909, Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung proposed a theory that Sirius was a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group after making observations of the star’s movement in the sky. The Ursa Major Moving Group is a stellar association that includes most of the bright stars of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a> (all except <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/dubhe/">Dubhe</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alkaid/">Alkaid</a>). The stars are believed to have formed in the same nebula about 300 to 500 million years ago, and they share a common motion through space.</p><p>However, a research conducted at Clemson University in South Carolina in 2003 indicated that Sirius was too young to be a member of the group and that it shared the same direction as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a> stars only by coincidence.</p><p>Sirius may instead belong to the Sirius Supercluster, along with a number of other relatively bright stars, including <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alphecca/">Alphecca</a> (Alpha Coronae Borealis), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/menkalinan/">Menkalinan</a> (Beta Aurigae), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/cursa/">Cursa</a> (Beta Eridani), Beta Crateris, and Zhou (Beta Serpentis). Hipparcos observations in the late 1990s confirmed about 50 members. If this is correct, the Sirius Supercluster would be one of the three large star clusters within 500 light years of the solar system, along with the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Pleiades</a> and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/hyades/">Hyades</a>.</p><p>Sirius has historically played an important role in many cultures. This is reflected in the fact that it has two stars that announce its rising. <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a>, the eighth brightest star in the sky and the luminary of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor</a>, rises before Sirius when seen from most northern latitudes. Its name is derived from the Greek word <em>Προκύων</em> (Prokyon), which means “before the dog.”</p><p>Similarly, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mirzam/">Mirzam</a> (Beta Canis Majoris) was named for its position in the sky, heralding Sirius’ rising. Its name comes from the Arabic word for “the herald.”</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Name</h2><p>The name Sirius (pronunciation: /ˈsɪriəs/) comes from the Greek <em>Σείριος</em> (<em>Seirios</em>), meaning “scorching” or “glowing.” However, the name may have a different origin. Some sources propose that it might be associated with the Egyptian god Osiris.</p><p>The name was officially approved for Sirius A by the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) on June 30, 2016. Even though it formally only applies to the primary component in the system, it is also commonly used for the companion, Sirius B, and for the whole star system.</p><p>The name was first documented in the 7th century BCE in the Greek poet Hesiod’s work <em>Works and Days</em>.</p><p>Sirius is known by more than 50 names and catalogue designations. In medieval western Europe, the name Alhabor was used for the star on astrolabes (instruments for measuring stars’ altitudes above the horizon). The 14th century English poet and author Geoffrey Chaucer used this name for the star in his essay <em>Treatise on the Astrolabe</em>, which served as an instruction manual for the instrument.</p><p>German uranographer Johann Bayer used the name Aschere for the star. The name is derived from the Arabic <em>ash-hira</em> (الشِّعْرَى), meaning “the leader.” The star was mentioned under this name in the Qur’an (chapter Surah).</p><p>The star’s Sanskrit name is <em>Mrgavyadha</em>, meaning “the deer hunter.” The name refers to Rudra, a Rigvedic deity associated with hunting, storm and the Hindu god Shiva. In Sanskrit, Sirius is also known as <em>Lubdhaka</em>, “the hunter.”</p><p>In Scandinavian culture, Sirius has been known as <em>Lokabrenna</em> or “Loki’s torch,” in reference to the role Loki played in Ragnarok. In some pagan religions, Lokabrenna Day is celebrated on the day of the star’s heliacal rising.</p><p>The Chinese know Sirius as the star of the “celestial wolf” (天狼). In traditional Chinese astronomy, the star was part of the Mansion of Jǐng (the Well Mansion), which roughly corresponded to <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini</a> and several other nearby constellations.</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Culture and mythology</h2><p>To the ancient Greeks, the heliacal rising of Sirius (rising above the horizon at dawn after a period of invisibility) marked the “dog days” of summer. They would offer sacrifices to assuage the star’s effects, which were believed to be considerable, from causing plants to become dry to making people “star-struck.”</p><p>If Sirius rose clear, it heralded a season of good fortune, but if it rose faint or dim, the Greeks believed it brought pestilence. The extent of Sirius’ importance on the Aegean island of Kea (Ceos) has been confirmed by the coins that were discovered on the island, that date back to the 3rd century BCE. They featured depictions of dogs or stars with rays.</p><p>The Romans also offered sacrifices to the gods on the day of Sirius’ heliacal rising. They would sacrifice a dog and make an offering of wine, sheep and incense to the goddess Robigo so that the star would not cause wheat rush on their crops.</p><p>Sirius is associated with dogs in many cultures. The constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a> is usually depicted as one of the dogs following <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a>, the Hunter (the other being <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor</a>). The Greeks believed that the star could affect dogs and make them behave oddly in the peak of summer.</p><p>In ancient Rome, the “dog days of summer” were known as <em>dies caniculares</em> and Sirius itself was known as <em>Canicula</em>, meaning “little dog.”</p><p>The Native American peoples of North America also associated the star with dogs. The Blackfoot knew it as “Dog-face,” the Inuit people of the Bering Strait called it “Moon Dog,” the Seri and the Tohono Oʼodham associated it with a dog following sheep, the Pawnee Wolf tribe called it the “Wolf Star.” Other Pawnee of Nebraska used the name “Coyote Star.” The Cherokee knew Sirius and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a> as a dog-guardian guarding the “Path of Souls.”</p><p>In ancient Egypt, the star’s heliacal rising coincided with the flooding of the Nile. Because the star has an extraordinarily regular heliacal rising, with a period of 365.25 days, almost equal to the solar year, it was important to the ancient Egyptians, in part because of the erratic timing of the flood. The heliacal rising occurs on July 19 in Cairo, just before the summer solstice and the flooding.</p><p>In Egypt, the star was associated with Sopdet (known as Sothis to the Greeks), who was worshipped as a goddess of fertility. Fertility was brought to the soil by the annual flood. The Egyptian civil calendar – which consisted of three seasons of 120 days and an intercalary month of five days for a total of 365 days – reflected the importance of Sirius. The star’s rising coincided with Mesori, the month known as the “Opener of the Year.”</p><p>In ancient Persian tales and in Zoroastrianism, Sirius was known as <em>Tishtrya</em>, the divinity that fought the demon of drought and brought rain and fertility.</p><p>In Polynesia, Sirius was an important star in navigation around the numerous Pacific islands and atolls. The star also heralded winter. Ancient Polynesians used bright stars as latitude markers and Sirius was very useful to them because its declination corresponds to the latitude of the Fiji archipelago at 17° S, which means that the star moves directly over the islands every night.</p><p>Ancient Polynesians considered Sirius to be part of Manu, a “Great Bird” constellation. The bright stars <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a> represented the bird’s southern and northern wingtips. The Manu constellation divided the night sky into two hemispheres.</p><p>Inhabitants of Polynesian islands had many different names for Sirius. In Hawaii, the star’s culmination in the sky at the winter solstice was celebrated each year. The star was known as <em>Ka’ulua</em>, meaning “the Queen of Heaven.” The Hawaiian people knew the star as <em>Kaulua-ihai-mohai</em>, or “the flower of the heavens”, <em>Kaulua-lena</em> or “yellow star”, <em>Aa</em> (“glowing”) and <em>Kau-ano-meha</em>, meaning “standing-alone-and-sacred.”</p><p>In New Zealand, Sirius was known as <em>Rehua. </em>In the Marquesas Islands, it was called <em>Tau-ua</em>, and in Pukapuka, it was known as <em>Tokiva</em>.</p><p>The Māori people of New Zealand called the star <em>Takurua</em>. Sirius marked the beginning of winter, and the Māori had the same name for the second month of their lunar calendar, which roughly corresponded to July (southern hemisphere winter).</p><p>The Boorong people of northwest Victoria in Australia called the star <em>Warepil</em>. In local lore, Warepil was the brother of <em>War</em> (<a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a>), who introduced fire to humankind. Warepil was associated with the wedge-tailed eagle, the chief of the spirit elders who created the land and were the first to inhabit it.</p><p>Sirius is one of the 27 stars representing Brazilian Federative Units on the flag of Brazil. It represents the state of Mato Grosso.</p><p>Sirius was associated with a bow and arrows in some ancient cultures. The Chinese depicted the stars of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis</a> as a large bow and arrow, with the tip of the arrow pointed at Sirius, representing a wolf.</p><p>The Persians knew the star as Tir and associated it with an arrow. At the Dendera Temple complex in Egypt, the temple dedicated to the goddess Hathor featured a depiction of the goddess Satet drawing an arrow at Hathor (Sirius).</p><p>Sirius has been referenced in countless works of fiction over the centuries. It is mentioned in the works of Homer, Dante, John Milton, John Dryden, Voltaire, Alfred Lord Tennyson, J. R. R. Tolkien, and many other classical and contemporary writers.</p><p>The star was prominently used in many works of science fiction, among others in Isaac Asimov’s <em>Foundation</em> series (1942 – 1993), Eric Frank Russell’s <em>Wasp </em>(1957), Edmund Cooper’s <em>Seed of Light</em> (1959), Jack Vance’s <em>Space Opera</em> (1965), Frederik Pohl’s <em>The Age of the Pussyfoot</em> (1969), Douglas Adams’ <em>The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy</em> (1979), Doris Lessing’s <em>The Sirian Experiments</em> (1980), Yoshiki Tanaka’s <em>Legend of the Galactic Heroes</em> (1982), Arthur C. Clarke’s <em>The Songs of Distant Earth</em> (1986), and Peter F. Hamilton’s <em>Great North Road</em> (2012).</p><p>Sirius is also associated with various esoteric beliefs. In theosophy, the star is believed to be the recipient of the spiritual energy of the Seven Primeval Rays (angels or gods), transmitted by the Seven Stars of the <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Pleiades</a> first to the seven bright stars of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a> and then to Sirius. The energy is then believed to be sent to the Lord Sanat Kumara (lord or regent of the humanity) via the Sun and then through the seven Masters of the Ancient Wisdom (enlightened beings also called the Elder Brothers of the Human Race) to the human race.</p><p>The Serer people in West Africa (Senegal, northern Gambia and southern Mauritania) call Sirius <em>Yoonir</em>. The star has exceptional importance in their religious cosmology. It represents the universe, transcendence and the sign of the supreme deity (Roog), as well as humans on Earth. The star heralds the beginning of flooding and enables Serer farmers to start planting seeds.</p><p>In medieval astrology, Sirius was one of the 15 Behenian fixed stars, which were considered to be a source of magical power. The Behenian stars were associated with plants and gemstones that were used in rituals to bring out the stars’ power. Sirius was associated with beryl and juniper and linked with the planet Venus.</p><h3 style="text-align: center;">Sirius and the Dogon</h3><p>The Dogon people in Mali, West Africa, worshipped the Nommo, ancestral spirits, who they believed inhabited a planet orbiting Sirius. The book <em>The Sirius Mystery</em> (1976) by Robert K. G. Temple brought Dogon beliefs into the spotlight, proposing that their knowledge of astronomy could only be explained if they had obtained it from an extraterrestrial race. Temple associated these hypothetical aliens with the myth of the Nommos.</p><p>However, he was not the first to take interest in the Dogon belief system. French anthropologist Marcel Griaule studied the tribe between 1931 and 1956. He reported that they believed that Sirius had two companion stars and that one of these stars had an orbital cycle of 50 years. Since Sirius B is invisible to the unaided eye and it was not until 1844 that its existence was even inferred, the Dogons’ knowledge of it was a mystery.</p><p>Temple’s theory, however, was disputed by several authorities on the subject, who pointed out that the tribe could have gained the knowledge from a group of astronomers who had visited their territory to study the solar eclipse that occurred on April 16, 1893. In an article published in <em>Current Anthropology</em> in 1991, anthropologist Walter van Beek, who had also studied the Dogon, reported that members of the tribe disagreed on which star it was that they referred to as <em>sigu tolo</em>, but that they did agree that they had heard about it from Griaule.</p><p>The Dogon mystery was used or referenced in several works of fiction, including Philip K. Dick’s <em>V.A.L.I.S.</em> (1981), Tom Robbins’ <em>Half Asleep in Frog Pajamas</em> (1994), Ian Douglas’ <em>Battlespace</em> (the second book in the <em>Legacy Trilogy</em>, published in 2006), and Grant Morrison’s <em>The Invisibles</em> comic book series (1994-2000).</p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Location</h2><p>Sirius is the easiest star to find in the sky, both because it is brighter than all other stars and because of its proximity to the familiar hourglass shape formed by the brightest stars of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a>. The three stars of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-belt/">Orion’s Belt</a> – <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnitak/">Alnitak</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnilam/">Alnilam</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mintaka/">Mintaka</a> – point directly at Sirius.</p><p>Sirius is visible from most locations on Earth. Places in the far northern latitudes, north of 73° N, are the exception. The star does not climb very high above the horizon in northern latitudes slightly south of 73° N and cannot be seen at all north of 73° N.</p><p>Southern observers can see Sirius regardless of latitude. In places south of the latitude 73° S, the star is circumpolar, i.e. it never sets and can be seen throughout the year.</p><div id="attachment_7742" style="width: 710px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7742" class="size-full wp-image-7742" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20700%20421'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius finder chart,how to find sirius,where is sirius in the sky" width="700" height="421" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1-300x180.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-7742" class="size-full wp-image-7742" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1.webp" alt="sirius finder chart,how to find sirius,where is sirius in the sky" width="700" height="421" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1.webp 700w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-location-1-300x180.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-7742" class="wp-caption-text">The location of Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris), image: Stellarium</p></div><p>Sirius lies in the vicinity of several interesting deep sky objects. <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a>, a magnitude 4.5 open cluster, lies only 4 degrees south of the star. Its stars can be resolved in a small telescope. The emission nebula Sharpless 301 (Sh2-301) appears in the same area.</p><p>The emission nebula NGC 2359, nicknamed the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/thors-helmet-ngc-2359/">Thor’s Helmet Nebula</a>, lies about 8 degrees northeast of Sirius. The large H II region IC 2177, also known as the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seagull-nebula/">Seagull Nebula</a>, is located in the same area of the sky, on the border with the c<a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/monoceros-constellation/">onstellation Monoceros</a> (the Unicorn).</p><p>The bright open cluster <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a> lies 12 degrees east and 2 degrees north of Sirius. Another open cluster, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a>, appears in the same field of view. Both clusters are located in the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">constellation Puppis</a>.</p><div id="attachment_5202" style="width: 646px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5202" class="wp-image-5202 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20636%20394'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="sirius deep sky objects" width="636" height="394" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula.webp 636w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula-300x186.webp 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5202" class="wp-image-5202 size-full" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula.webp" alt="sirius deep sky objects" width="636" height="394" srcset="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula.webp 636w, https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Sirius-Mirzam-Messier-41-Messier-46-Messier-47-Thors-Helmet-Nebula-Sharpless-301-and-Seagull-Nebula-300x186.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-5202" class="wp-caption-text">Sirius, Mirzam, Messier 41, Messier 46, Messier 47, the Seagull Nebula, Sharpless 301 and Thor’s Helmet, image credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2 (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p></div><h2 style="text-align: center;">Constellation</h2><p>Sirius is located in the constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a>, the Greater Dog. Canis Major is one of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/greek-constellations/">Greek constellations</a>, listed by the Greco-Roman astronomer Ptolemy in his <em>Almagest</em> in the 2nd century CE. In Greek mythology, it represents the bigger dog following <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion</a>, the Hunter. The smaller dog is represented by the constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor</a>. Canis Major is sometimes also associated with Laelaps, the mythical dog that never failed to catch its prey.</p><p>The Great Dog is the 43rd largest constellation in the sky, occupying an area of 380 square degrees. With five stars brighter than magnitude 3.0, it is one of the brightest southern constellations.</p><p>Canis Major is best-known for being home to Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. Most of the constellation’s other bright stars are massive, hot, blue supernova candidates, including the blue bright giants <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/adhara/">Adhara</a> (Epsilon Canis Majoris), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mirzam/">Mirzam</a> (Beta Canis Majoris) and Tau Canis Majoris, the blue supergiants <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aludra/">Aludra</a> (Eta Canis Majoris), Omicron<sup>2 </sup>Canis Majoris and Iota Canis Majoris, the blue giant Xi<sup>1</sup> Canis Majoris, and the B-type main sequence stars Kappa Canis Majoris and Omega Canis Majoris.</p><div id="attachment_4434" style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4434" class="wp-image-4434 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20550%20522'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Canis Major constellation,canis major stars,canis major star map" width="550" height="522" data-lazy-src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Canis-Major-constellation-map.webp" /><noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4434" class="wp-image-4434 size-full" src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Canis-Major-constellation-map.webp" alt="Canis Major constellation,canis major stars,canis major star map" width="550" height="522" /></noscript><p id="caption-attachment-4434" class="wp-caption-text">Canis Major constellation map by IAU and Sky&Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</a>)</p></div><p> </p><p>Other notable stars in the constellation include the yellow-white supergiant <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wezen/">Wezen</a> (Delta Canis Majoris), the hot B-type main sequence star Furud (Zeta Canis Majoris), the orange supergiants Unurgunite (Sigma Canis Majoris) and Omicron<sup>1</sup> Canis Majoris, the orange giant Nu<sup>2</sup> Canis Majoris, the blue bright giant Muliphein (Gamma Canis Majoris), and the Wolf Rayet stars EZ Canis Majoris, the central star of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/dolphin-head-nebula-sh2-308/">Dolphin Head Nebula</a> (Sh2-308), and WR 7, the central star of the Thor’s Helmet Nebula (NGC 2359).</p><p>Canis Major also hosts the red hypergiant <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vy-canis-majoris/">VY Canis Majoris</a>, one of the <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/largest-stars/">largest stars</a> known.</p><p>Deep sky objects in the constellation include the bright open clusters <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a>, Caroline’s Cluster (NGC 2360), NGC 2354, and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/tau-canis-majoris-cluster-ngc-2362/">Tau Canis Majoris Cluster</a> (NGC 2362), the emission nebulae NGC 2359 (the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/thors-helmet-ngc-2359/">Thor’s Helmet Nebula</a>) and the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/dolphin-head-nebula-sh2-308/">Dolphin Head Nebula</a> (Sharpless 308), the disputed Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy (the Canis Major Overdensity), and the interacting spiral galaxies NGC 2207 and IC 2163.</p><p>The best time of the year to see the stars and deep sky objects in Canis Major is during the month of February, when the constellation appears higher above the horizon in the early evening. The entire constellation is visible from locations south of the latitude 60° N.</p><p>The 10 brightest stars in the constellation are Sirius (Alpha CMa, mag. -1.46), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/adhara/">Adhara</a> (Epsilon CMa, mag. 1.50), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wezen/">Wezen</a> (Delta CMa, mag. 1.824), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mirzam/">Mirzam</a> (Beta CMa, mag. 1.985), <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aludra/">Aludra</a> (Eta CMa, mag. 2.45), Furud (Zeta CMa, mag. 3.025), Omicron<sup>2</sup> Canis Majoris (mag. 3.043), Unurgunite (Sigma CMa, mag. 3.43 – 3.51), Kappa Canis Majoris (mag. 3.40 – 3.97), and Omicron<sup>1</sup> Canis Majoris (mag. 3.78 – 3.99).</p><p><strong><u>Sirius – Alpha Canis Majoris </u></strong></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="310">Spectral class</td><td width="310">A0mA1 Va + DA2</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Apparent magnitude</td><td width="310">-1.46</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Constellation</td><td width="310"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major</a></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Right ascension</td><td width="310">06<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 08.91728<sup>s</sup></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Declination</td><td width="310">-16° 42′ 58.0171”</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Designations</td><td width="310">Sirius, Alpha Canis Majoris, α Canis Majoris, α CMa, 9 Canis Majoris, 9 CMa, Dog Star, Canicula, Aschere, HD 48915, HIP 32349, HR 2491, SAO 151881, LTT 2638, ADS 5423, GJ 244, BD−16°1591, LHS 219, GC 8833, 2MASS J06450887-1642566, Al Shira, Alhabor, Sothis, Tenrōsei, Mrgavyadha, Lubdhaka</td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong><u>Sirius A</u></strong></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="310">Spectral class</td><td width="310">A0mA1 Va</td></tr><tr><td width="310">U-B colour index</td><td width="310">-0.05</td></tr><tr><td width="310">B-V colour index</td><td width="310">+0.00</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Apparent magnitude</td><td width="310">-1.46</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Absolute magnitude</td><td width="310">+1.43</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Distance</td><td width="310">8.60 ± 0.04 light years (2.64 ± 0.01 parsecs)</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Parallax</td><td width="310">379.21 ± 1.58 mas</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Radial velocity</td><td width="310">-5.50 ± 0.4 km/s</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Proper motion</td><td width="310">RA: -546.01 ± 1.33 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310"></td><td width="310">Dec: -1,223.07 ± 1.24 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310"></td><td width="310">379.21 ± 1.58 mas</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Mass</td><td width="310">2.063 ± 0.023 M<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Luminosity</td><td width="310">24.7 L<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Radius</td><td width="310">1.713 ± 0.009 R<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Surface gravity</td><td width="310">4.33 cgs</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Temperature</td><td width="310">9,845 ± 64 K</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Metallicity</td><td width="310">0.50 dex</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Age</td><td width="310">242 ± 5 million years</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Rotational velocity</td><td width="310">16 km/s</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Right ascension</td><td width="310">06<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 08.91728<sup>s</sup></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Declination</td><td width="310">-16° 42′ 58.0171”</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Designations</td><td width="310">Sirius, Sirius A, Alpha Canis Majoris A, α CMa A, HD 48915A, HR 2491, HIP 32349, SAO 151881, GJ 244 A, BD-16 1591A, FK5 257, PPM 217626, CEL 1368, Ci 20 396, CNS5 1676, GC 8833, GCRV 4392, LTT 2638, NLTT 16953, NSV 17173, PLX 1577, USNO 816, CSI-16 1591 1, JP 11 1423, LFT 486, LHS 219, LPM 243, RAFGL 1007, PMC 90-93 186, PM 06430-1639A, N30 1470, GAT 474, GEN# +1.00048915A, SKY# 11855, SBC7 288, SBC9 416, HGAM 556, IRC -20105, AKARI-FIS-V1 J0645085-164258, WEB 6525, UBV 6709, UBV M 12413, Zkh 91, uvby98 100048915 A, 8pc 379.21A, IRAS 06429-1639, IRAS S06429-1639, IRAS S06430-1639, 2MASS J06450887-1642566, TD1 8027, TIC 322899250, TYC 5949-2777-1, ADS 5423 A, CCDM J06451-1643A, IDS 06408-1635 A, WDS J06451-1643A</td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong><u>Sirius B</u></strong></p><table><tbody><tr><td width="310">Spectral class</td><td width="310">DA2 or DA 1.9</td></tr><tr><td width="310">U-B colour index</td><td width="310">-1.04</td></tr><tr><td width="310">B-V colour index</td><td width="310">-0.03</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Apparent magnitude</td><td width="310">8.44</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Absolute magnitude</td><td width="310">+11.18</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Distance</td><td width="310">8.709 ± 0.005 light-years (2.670 ± 0.002 parsecs)</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Parallax</td><td width="310">374.4896 ± 0.2313 mas</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Proper motion</td><td width="310">RA: −461.571 ± 0.278 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310"></td><td width="310">Dec.: −914.520 ± 0.332 mas/yr</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Mass</td><td width="310">1.018 ± 0.011 M<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Luminosity</td><td width="310">0.02448 ± 1.3% L<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Radius</td><td width="310">0.008098 ± 0.6% R<sub>☉</sub></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Surface gravity</td><td width="310">8.57 cgs</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Temperature</td><td width="310">25,000 ± 200 K</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Age</td><td width="310">228 million years (220 – 238 Myr)</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Right ascension</td><td width="310">06<sup>h</sup> 45<sup>m</sup> 09.3041925037<sup>s</sup></td></tr><tr><td width="310">Declination</td><td width="310">-16° 43′ 00.724740067”</td></tr><tr><td width="310">Designations</td><td width="310">Sirius B, Alpha Canis Majoris B, α CMa B, HD 48915B, GJ 244 B, BD-16 1591B, CNS5 1675, CSI-16 1591 3, WD 0642-16, WD 0643-16, WD 0642-166, WD 0642-163, EGGR 49, GCTP 1577.00, AGC 1BC, 1E 064255-1639.3, 1E 064255-1639.4, 2E 1730, 2E 0642.9-1638, 1ES 0642-16.6, EUVE J0645-16.7, 2EUVE J0645-16.7, H 0643-16, GEN# +1.00048915B, RX J0645.1-1642, 1RXS J064509.3-164241, 2RXF J064508.6-164240, RE J0645-16, RE J0645-164, RE J064509-164243, 2RE J0645-164, 2RE J064509-164243, UBV 6710, 8pc 379.21B, Zkh 92, Gaia DR2 2947050466531873024, Gaia DR3 2947050466531873024, ADS 5423 B, CCDM J06451-1643BC, IDS 06408-1635 B, WDS J06451-1643BC</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="nv-tags-list"><span>Tags:</span><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/40-eridani/ title="40 Eridani" class=40-eridani rel="tag">40 Eridani</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/adhara/ title="Adhara" class=adhara rel="tag">Adhara</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/aldebaran/ title="Aldebaran" class=aldebaran rel="tag">Aldebaran</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alkaid/ title="Alkaid" class=alkaid rel="tag">Alkaid</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alnilam/ title="Alnilam" class=alnilam rel="tag">Alnilam</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alnitak/ title="Alnitak" class=alnitak rel="tag">Alnitak</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-canis-majoris/ title="Alpha Canis Majoris" class=alpha-canis-majoris rel="tag">Alpha Canis Majoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-canis-minoris/ title="Alpha Canis Minoris" class=alpha-canis-minoris rel="tag">Alpha Canis Minoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-centauri/ title="Alpha Centauri" class=alpha-centauri rel="tag">Alpha Centauri</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alpha-coronae-borealis/ title="Alpha Coronae Borealis" class=alpha-coronae-borealis rel="tag">Alpha Coronae Borealis</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/alphecca/ title="Alphecca" class=alphecca rel="tag">Alphecca</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/antares/ title="Antares" class=antares rel="tag">Antares</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/arcturus/ title="Arcturus" class=arcturus rel="tag">Arcturus</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/barnards-star/ title="Barnard's Star" class=barnards-star rel="tag">Barnard's Star</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/beta-aurigae/ title="Beta Aurigae" class=beta-aurigae rel="tag">Beta Aurigae</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/beta-canis-majoris/ title="Beta Canis Majoris" class=beta-canis-majoris rel="tag">Beta Canis Majoris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/beta-crateris/ title="Beta Crateris" class=beta-crateris rel="tag">Beta Crateris</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/beta-eridani/ title="Beta Eridani" class=beta-eridani rel="tag">Beta Eridani</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/beta-serpentis/ title="Beta Serpentis" class=beta-serpentis rel="tag">Beta Serpentis</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/betelgeuse/ title="Betelgeuse" class=betelgeuse rel="tag">Betelgeuse</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/big-dipper/ title="Big Dipper" class=big-dipper rel="tag">Big Dipper</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/canopus/ title="Canopus" class=canopus rel="tag">Canopus</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/capella/ title="Capella" class=capella rel="tag">Capella</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/cursa/ title="Cursa" class=cursa rel="tag">Cursa</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/dog-star/ title="Dog Star" class=dog-star rel="tag">Dog Star</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/dubhe/ title="Dubhe" class=dubhe rel="tag">Dubhe</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/egyptian-x/ title="Egyptian X" class=egyptian-x rel="tag">Egyptian X</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/hyades/ title="Hyades" class=hyades rel="tag">Hyades</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/ic-2177/ title="IC 2177" class=ic-2177 rel="tag">IC 2177</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/lalande-21185/ title="Lalande 21185" class=lalande-21185 rel="tag">Lalande 21185</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/menkalinan/ title="Menkalinan" class=menkalinan rel="tag">Menkalinan</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-41/ title="Messier 41" class=messier-41 rel="tag">Messier 41</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-46/ title="Messier 46" class=messier-46 rel="tag">Messier 46</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/messier-47/ title="Messier 47" class=messier-47 rel="tag">Messier 47</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/mintaka/ title="Mintaka" class=mintaka rel="tag">Mintaka</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/mirzam/ title="Mirzam" class=mirzam rel="tag">Mirzam</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/naos/ title="Naos" class=naos rel="tag">Naos</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/ngc-2359/ title="NGC 2359" class=ngc-2359 rel="tag">NGC 2359</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/orions-belt/ title="Orion's Belt" class=orions-belt rel="tag">Orion's Belt</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/phact/ title="Phact" class=phact rel="tag">Phact</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/pleiades/ title="Pleiades" class=pleiades rel="tag">Pleiades</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/pollux/ title="Pollux" class=pollux rel="tag">Pollux</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/procyon/ title="Procyon" class=procyon rel="tag">Procyon</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/proxima-centauri/ title="Proxima Centauri" class=proxima-centauri rel="tag">Proxima Centauri</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/rigel/ title="Rigel" class=rigel rel="tag">Rigel</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/seagull-nebula/ title="Seagull Nebula" class=seagull-nebula rel="tag">Seagull Nebula</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/sharpless-301/ title="Sharpless 301" class=sharpless-301 rel="tag">Sharpless 301</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/sirius/ title="Sirius" class=sirius rel="tag">Sirius</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/sirius-a/ title="Sirius A" class=sirius-a rel="tag">Sirius A</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/sirius-b/ title="Sirius B" class=sirius-b rel="tag">Sirius B</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/sirius-supercluster/ title="Sirius Supercluster" class=sirius-supercluster rel="tag">Sirius Supercluster</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/thors-helmet-nebula/ title="Thor's Helmet Nebula" class=thors-helmet-nebula rel="tag">Thor's Helmet Nebula</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/ursa-major-moving-group/ title="Ursa Major Moving Group" class=ursa-major-moving-group rel="tag">Ursa Major Moving Group</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/vega/ title="Vega" class=vega rel="tag">Vega</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/winter-hexagon/ title="Winter Hexagon" class=winter-hexagon rel="tag">Winter Hexagon</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/winter-triangle/ title="Winter Triangle" class=winter-triangle rel="tag">Winter Triangle</a><a href=https://www.star-facts.com/tag/wolf-359/ title="Wolf 359" class=wolf-359 rel="tag">Wolf 359</a></div><div id="comments" class="comments-area"></div></article><div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar " ><aside id="secondary" role="complementary"><style type="text/css">.widget_search .search-form .search-submit, .widget_search .search-form .search-field { height: auto; }</style><div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.star-facts.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for...</span> </label> <input type="search" class="search-field" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search for..." value="" name="s"/> <button type="submit" class="search-submit nv-submit" aria-label="Search"> <span class="nv-search-icon-wrap"> <span class="nv-icon nv-search" > <svg width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1216 832q0-185-131.5-316.5t-316.5-131.5-316.5 131.5-131.5 316.5 131.5 316.5 316.5 131.5 316.5-131.5 131.5-316.5zm512 832q0 52-38 90t-90 38q-54 0-90-38l-343-342q-179 124-399 124-143 0-273.5-55.5t-225-150-150-225-55.5-273.5 55.5-273.5 150-225 225-150 273.5-55.5 273.5 55.5 225 150 150 225 55.5 273.5q0 220-124 399l343 343q37 37 37 90z"/></svg> </span></span> </button></form></div><div id="nav_menu-3" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Astronomy</p><div class="menu-astronomy-container"><ul id="menu-astronomy" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4839" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4839"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/brightest-stars/">Brightest Stars</a></li><li id="menu-item-4840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4840"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">Star Names</a></li><li id="menu-item-6071" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6071"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/stars-in-the-sky-tonight/">Stars in the Sky Tonight</a></li><li id="menu-item-4833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4833"><a href="https://phys.org/journals/astronomical-journal/">Astronomical Journal</a></li><li id="menu-item-4834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/">Constellation Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-4838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4838"><a href="https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog/">Exoplanet Catalog</a></li><li id="menu-item-4837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4837"><a href="https://hubblesite.org/">Hubblesite.org</a></li><li id="menu-item-4836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4836"><a href="http://www.wikisky.org/">Wikisky</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><p class="widget-title">Categories</p><form action="https://www.star-facts.com" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'><option value='-1'>Select Category</option><option class="level-0" value="883">Algol Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="121">Alpha Cygni Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="332">Alpha-2 Canum Venaticorum Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="739">Andromeda Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1748">Aquarius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="158">Aquila Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="889">Aries Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="856">Auriga Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="419">Be Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="79">Beta Cephei Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1851">Beta Lyrae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="472">Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="117">Blue Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="156">Blue-White Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="573">Boötes Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="119">Bright Giants</option><option class="level-0" value="186">Brightest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2026">Brown Dwarfs</option><option class="level-0" value="507">BY Draconis Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1771">Canes Venatici Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="262">Canis Major Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="471">Canis Minor Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1899">Capricornus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1830">Carbon Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1157">Carina Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1376">Cassiopeia Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1336">Centaurus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="297">Cepheid Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="737">Cepheus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1067">Cetus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1972">Columba Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1198">Corona Borealis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1610">Corvus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1658">Crater Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="588">Crux Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="157">Cygnus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="159">Delta Scuti Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="738">Dorado Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="959">Draco Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="120">Eclipsing Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2025">Equuleus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="418">Eridanus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1446">Flare Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2047">Fornax Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="848">Gamma Cassiopeiae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1646">Gamma Doradus Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="492">Gemini Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="331">Giant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="677">Grus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1808">Hercules Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="944">Hydra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2022">Indus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="909">Lambda Boötis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="421">Lambda Eridani Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="49">Largest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1983">Leo Minor</option><option class="level-0" value="630">Leo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1948">Lepus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1467">Libra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1466">Lucidae</option><option class="level-0" value="1797">Luminous Blue Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1975">Luminous Red Novae</option><option class="level-0" value="1997">Lupus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="155">Lyra Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2">Main Sequence Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2001">Microscopium Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1132">Mira Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1974">Monoceros Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1868">Most Distant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1857">Most Luminous Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1856">Most Massive Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="78">Multiple Star Systems</option><option class="level-0" value="444">Navigational Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="261">Nearest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="160">North Pole Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1877">Octans Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1607">Oldest Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1254">Ophiuchus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="969">Orange Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="118">Orion Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1959">Orion Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1271">Pavo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="960">Pegasus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="678">Perseus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1528">Phoenix Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1938">Pisces Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="554">Piscis Austrinus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1255">Puppis Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2012">Recurrent Novae</option><option class="level-0" value="45">Red Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="1578">Reticulum Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="633">Rotating Ellipsoidal Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="857">RS Canum Venaticorum Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1922">Sagitta Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="3">Sagittarius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="77">Scorpius Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="46">Scutum Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="48">Semiregular Variable Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1200">Serpens Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="663">Slow Irregular Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1878">South Pole Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="376">Spectroscopic Binary Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="496">Stars with Planets</option><option class="level-0" value="76">Subgiant Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="47">Supernova Candidates</option><option class="level-0" value="2038">Symbiotic Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="631">Taurus Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1199">Triangulum Australe Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="2053">Triangulum Constellation</option><option class="level-0" value="2043">Tucana Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option><option class="level-0" value="330">Ursa Major Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="263">Ursa Minor Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1447">UV Ceti Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="1268">Vela Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="629">Virgo Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1357">Vulpecula Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="264">White Dwarfs</option><option class="level-0" value="1862">White Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="1682">Wolf-Rayet Stars</option><option class="level-0" value="1906">Yellow Hypergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="298">Yellow Supergiants</option><option class="level-0" value="2041">Z Andromedae Variables</option><option class="level-0" value="2015">ZZ Ceti Variables</option> </select></form><script type="text/javascript">(function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })();</script> </div><div id="nav_menu-4" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Popular Articles</p><div class="menu-popular-articles-container"><ul id="menu-popular-articles" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4827"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/proxima-centauri/">Proxima Centauri</a></li><li id="menu-item-4826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4826"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/polaris/">Polaris</a></li><li id="menu-item-4820" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4820"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/algol/">Algol</a></li><li id="menu-item-4829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4829"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/uy-scuti/">UY Scuti</a></li><li id="menu-item-4828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4828"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/stephenson-2-18/">Stephenson 2-18</a></li><li id="menu-item-4831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4831"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/wolf-359/">Wolf 359</a></li><li id="menu-item-4830" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4830"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vv-cephei/">VV Cephei</a></li><li id="menu-item-4818" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4818"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alcor/">Alcor</a></li><li id="menu-item-4823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4823"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/methuselah-star/">Methuselah Star</a></li><li id="menu-item-4819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4819"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alcyone/">Alcyone</a></li><li id="menu-item-4825" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4825"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mira/">Mira</a></li><li id="menu-item-4832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4832"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/zeta-reticuli/">Zeta Reticuli</a></li><li id="menu-item-4821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4821"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnilam/">Alnilam</a></li><li id="menu-item-4822" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4822"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alnitak/">Alnitak</a></li><li id="menu-item-4824" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4824"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mintaka/">Mintaka</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="nav_menu-2" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><p class="widget-title">Brightest Stars</p><div class="menu-brightest-stars-container"><ul id="menu-brightest-stars" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-4812"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/sirius/" aria-current="page">Sirius</a></li><li id="menu-item-4798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4798"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/canopus/">Canopus</a></li><li id="menu-item-4792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4792"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alpha-centauri/">Alpha Centauri</a></li><li id="menu-item-4795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4795"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/arcturus/">Arcturus</a></li><li id="menu-item-4814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4814"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/vega/">Vega</a></li><li id="menu-item-4799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4799"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/capella/">Capella</a></li><li id="menu-item-4810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4810"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/rigel/">Rigel</a></li><li id="menu-item-4808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4808"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/procyon/">Procyon</a></li><li id="menu-item-4787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4787"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/achernar/">Achernar</a></li><li id="menu-item-4797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4797"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/betelgeuse/">Betelgeuse</a></li><li id="menu-item-4805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4805"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/hadar/">Hadar</a></li><li id="menu-item-4793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4793"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/altair/">Altair</a></li><li id="menu-item-4788" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4788"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/acrux/">Acrux</a></li><li id="menu-item-4790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4790"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/aldebaran/">Aldebaran</a></li><li id="menu-item-4794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4794"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a></li><li id="menu-item-4813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4813"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/spica/">Spica</a></li><li id="menu-item-4807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4807"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/pollux/">Pollux</a></li><li id="menu-item-4803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4803"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/fomalhaut/">Fomalhaut</a></li><li id="menu-item-4801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4801"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/deneb/">Deneb</a></li><li id="menu-item-4806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4806"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mimosa/">Mimosa</a></li><li id="menu-item-4809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4809"><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/regulus/">Regulus</a></li></ul></div></div></aside></div></div></div></main><footer class="site-footer" id="site-footer" ><div class="hfg_footer"><div class="footer--row footer-top layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-top" data-row-id="top" data-show-on="desktop"><div class="footer--row-inner footer-top-inner footer-content-wrap"><div class="container"><div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-top row--wrapper row " data-section="hfg_footer_layout_top" ><div class="builder-item hfg-item-first col-3 desktop-left tablet-left mobile-left offset-2"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-one-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-one-widgets" data-item-id="footer-one-widgets"><div class="widget-area"><div id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_text"><p>© Star Facts 2025</p></div></div></div></div><div class="builder-item hfg-item-last col-3 desktop-right tablet-left mobile-left offset-4"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-two-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-two-widgets" data-item-id="footer-two-widgets"><div class="widget-area"><div id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"><p><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer></div> <script data-no-optimize='1' data-cfasync='false' id='cls-insertion-936c119'>!function(){"use strict";function e(){return e=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var i=arguments[t];for(var n in i)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,n)&&(e[n]=i[n])}return e},e.apply(this,arguments)}var t,i,n,s,o,r,a,l,c,d,u,h,p,m,_,g,y,f,v,S,b;window.adthriveCLS.buildDate="2025-02-28",function(e){e.amznbid="amznbid",e.amzniid="amzniid",e.amznp="amznp",e.amznsz="amznsz"}(t||(t={})),function(e){e.ThirtyThreeAcross="33across",e.Adform="adform",e.Aidem="aidem",e.AidemServer="aidem_ss",e.AppNexus="appnexus",e.AmazonTAM="amazon",e.AmazonUAM="AmazonUAM",e.Conversant="conversant",e.Concert="concert",e.Criteo="criteo",e.CriteoServer="crit_ss",e.GumGum="gumgum",e.ImproveDigital="improvedigital",e.ImproveDigitalServer="improve_ss",e.IndexExchange="ix",e.Kargo="kargo",e.KargoServer="krgo_ss",e.MediaGrid="grid",e.MediaGridVideo="gridvid",e.Medianet="medianet",e.Nativo="nativo",e.Ogury="ogury",e.OpenX="openx",e.OpenXServer="opnx_ss",e.Ozone="ozone",e.Pubmatic="pubmatic",e.PubmaticServer="pubm_ss",e.ResetDigital="resetdigital",e.Rise="rise",e.Rtbhouse="rtbhouse",e.Rubicon="rubicon",e.RubiconServer="rubi_ss",e.Seedtag="seedtag",e.Sharethrough="sharethrough",e.SharethroughServer="share_ss",e.Teads="teads",e.Triplelift="triplelift",e.TripleliftServer="tripl_ss",e.TTD="ttd",e.Undertone="undertone",e.UndertoneServer="under_ss",e.Unruly="unruly",e.YahooSSP="yahoossp",e.YahooSSPServer="yah_ss",e.Verizon="verizon",e.Yieldmo="yieldmo",e.Flipp="flipp"}(i||(i={})),function(e){e.ix="ix",e.medianet="mn",e.openx="ox",e.pubmatic="pu",e.rubicon="ma",e.sharethrough="sh",e.triplelift="tl"}(n||(n={})),function(e){e.Prebid="prebid",e.GAM="gam",e.Amazon="amazon",e.Marmalade="marmalade",e.Floors="floors",e.CMP="cmp",e.Optable="optable",e.OptimalBidder="optimalBidder"}(s||(s={})),function(e){e.cm="cm",e.fbrap="fbrap",e.rapml="rapml"}(o||(o={})),function(e){e.lazy="lazy",e.raptive="raptive",e.refresh="refresh",e.session="session",e.crossDomain="crossdomain",e.highSequence="highsequence",e.lazyBidPool="lazyBidPool",e.fallback="fallback"}(r||(r={})),function(e){e.lazy="l",e.raptive="rapml",e.refresh="r",e.session="s",e.crossdomain="c",e.highsequence="hs",e.lazyBidPool="lbp",e.fallback="f"}(a||(a={})),function(e){e.Version="Version",e.SharingNotice="SharingNotice",e.SaleOptOutNotice="SaleOptOutNotice",e.SharingOptOutNotice="SharingOptOutNotice",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice="TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice="SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",e.SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice="SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",e.SaleOptOut="SaleOptOut",e.SharingOptOut="SharingOptOut",e.TargetedAdvertisingOptOut="TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",e.SensitiveDataProcessing="SensitiveDataProcessing",e.KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",e.PersonalDataConsents="PersonalDataConsents",e.MspaCoveredTransaction="MspaCoveredTransaction",e.MspaOptOutOptionMode="MspaOptOutOptionMode",e.MspaServiceProviderMode="MspaServiceProviderMode",e.SubSectionType="SubsectionType",e.Gpc="Gpc"}(l||(l={})),function(e){e[e.NA=0]="NA",e[e.OptedOut=1]="OptedOut",e[e.OptedIn=2]="OptedIn"}(c||(c={})),function(e){e.AdDensity="addensity",e.AdLayout="adlayout",e.FooterCloseButton="footerclose",e.Interstitial="interstitial",e.RemoveVideoTitleWrapper="removevideotitlewrapper",e.StickyOutstream="stickyoutstream",e.StickyOutstreamOnStickyPlayer="sospp",e.VideoAdvancePlaylistRelatedPlayer="videoadvanceplaylistrp",e.MobileStickyPlayerPosition="mspp"}(d||(d={})),function(e){e.Below_Post_1="Below_Post_1",e.Below_Post="Below_Post",e.Content="Content",e.Content_1="Content_1",e.Content_2="Content_2",e.Content_3="Content_3",e.Content_4="Content_4",e.Content_5="Content_5",e.Content_6="Content_6",e.Content_7="Content_7",e.Content_8="Content_8",e.Content_9="Content_9",e.Recipe="Recipe",e.Recipe_1="Recipe_1",e.Recipe_2="Recipe_2",e.Recipe_3="Recipe_3",e.Recipe_4="Recipe_4",e.Recipe_5="Recipe_5",e.Native_Recipe="Native_Recipe",e.Footer_1="Footer_1",e.Footer="Footer",e.Header_1="Header_1",e.Header_2="Header_2",e.Header="Header",e.Sidebar_1="Sidebar_1",e.Sidebar_2="Sidebar_2",e.Sidebar_3="Sidebar_3",e.Sidebar_4="Sidebar_4",e.Sidebar_5="Sidebar_5",e.Sidebar_9="Sidebar_9",e.Sidebar="Sidebar",e.Interstitial_1="Interstitial_1",e.Interstitial="Interstitial",e.Video_StickyOutstream_1="Video_StickyOutstream_1",e.Video_StickyOutstream="Video_StickyOutstream",e.Video_StickyInstream="Video_StickyInstream",e.Sponsor_Tile="Sponsor_Tile"}(u||(u={})),function(e){e.Desktop="desktop",e.Mobile="mobile"}(h||(h={})),function(e){e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn",e.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s="Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff_15s",e.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s="Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff_15s",e.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s="Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone_15s",e.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s="Video_In-Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn_15s"}(p||(p={})),function(e){e.vpaidAdPlayError="vpaidAdPlayError",e.adError="adError",e.adLoaded="adLoaded"}(m||(m={})),function(e){e.Float="adthrive-collapse-float",e.Sticky="adthrive-collapse-sticky",e.Mobile="adthrive-collapse-mobile"}(_||(_={})),function(e){e.Small="adthrive-collapse-small",e.Medium="adthrive-collapse-medium"}(g||(g={})),function(e){e.BottomRight="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"}(y||(y={})),function(e){e[e.Unstarted=0]="Unstarted",e[e.UncollapsedPlay=1]="UncollapsedPlay",e[e.CollapsedPlay=2]="CollapsedPlay",e[e.UserPauseUncollapsed=3]="UserPauseUncollapsed",e[e.UserPauseCollapsed=4]="UserPauseCollapsed",e[e.PausedNotVisible=5]="PausedNotVisible",e[e.Overlapped=6]="Overlapped",e[e.Closed=7]="Closed",e[e.NonLinearAdPlay=8]="NonLinearAdPlay",e[e.NonLinearAdPaused=9]="NonLinearAdPaused",e[e.NonLinearAdOverlapped=10]="NonLinearAdOverlapped",e[e.UserUnPaused=11]="UserUnPaused"}(f||(f={})),function(e){e[e.Play=0]="Play",e[e.UserClick=1]="UserClick",e[e.PageSwitch=2]="PageSwitch",e[e.OutOfView=3]="OutOfView",e[e.InView=4]="InView",e[e.Close=5]="Close",e[e.Overlapping=6]="Overlapping",e[e.OtherVideoPlaying=7]="OtherVideoPlaying"}(v||(v={})),function(e){e.None="none"}(S||(S={})),function(e){e.Default="default",e.AZ_Animals="5daf495ed42c8605cfc74b0b",e.Natashas_Kitchen="55bccc97303edab84afd77e2",e.RecipeTin_Eats="55cb7e3b4bc841bd0c4ea577",e.Sallys_Baking_Recipes="566aefa94856897050ee7303",e.Spend_With_Pennies="541917f5a90318f9194874cf"}(b||(b={}));const C=e=>{const t={};return function(...i){const n=JSON.stringify(i);if(t[n])return t[n];const s=e.apply(this,i);return t[n]=s,s}},O=navigator.userAgent,w=C((e=>/Chrom|Applechromium/.test(e||O))),x=C((()=>/WebKit/.test(O))),A=C((()=>w()?"chromium":x()?"webkit":"other"));const E=new class{info(e,t,...i){this.call(console.info,e,t,...i)}warn(e,t,...i){this.call(console.warn,e,t,...i)}error(e,t,...i){this.call(console.error,e,t,...i),this.sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i)}event(e,t,...i){var n;"debug"===(null==(n=window.adthriveCLS)?void 0:n.bucket)&&this.info(e,t)}sendErrorLogToCommandQueue(e,t,...i){window.adthrive=window.adthrive||{},window.adthrive.cmd=window.adthrive.cmd||[],window.adthrive.cmd.push((()=>{void 0!==window.adthrive.logError&&"function"==typeof window.adthrive.logError&&window.adthrive.logError(e,t,i)}))}call(e,t,i,...n){const s=[`%c${t}::${i} `],o=["color: #999; font-weight: bold;"];n.length>0&&"string"==typeof n[0]&&s.push(n.shift()),o.push(...n);try{Function.prototype.apply.call(e,console,[s.join(""),...o])}catch(e){return void console.error(e)}}},P=(e,t)=>null==e||e!=e?t:e,k=e=>{const t=e.offsetHeight,i=e.offsetWidth,n=e.getBoundingClientRect(),s=document.body,o=document.documentElement,r=window.pageYOffset||o.scrollTop||s.scrollTop,a=window.pageXOffset||o.scrollLeft||s.scrollLeft,l=o.clientTop||s.clientTop||0,c=o.clientLeft||s.clientLeft||0,d=Math.round(n.top+r-l),u=Math.round(n.left+a-c);return{top:d,left:u,bottom:d+t,right:u+i,width:i,height:t}},D=e=>{let t={};const i=((e=window.location.search)=>{const t=0===e.indexOf("?")?1:0;return e.slice(t).split("&").reduce(((e,t)=>{const[i,n]=t.split("=");return e.set(i,n),e}),new Map)})().get(e);if(i)try{const n=decodeURIComponent(i).replace(/\+/g,"");t=JSON.parse(n),E.event("ExperimentOverridesUtil","getExperimentOverrides",e,t)}catch(e){}return t},R=C(((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/Windows NT|Macintosh/i.test(e))),I=C((()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent,t=/Tablet|iPad|Playbook|Nook|webOS|Kindle|Android (?!.*Mobile).*Safari|CrOS/i.test(e);return/Mobi|iP(hone|od)|Opera Mini/i.test(e)&&!t})),M=(e,t,i=document)=>{const n=((e=document)=>{const t=e.querySelectorAll("article");if(0===t.length)return null;const i=Array.from(t).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e));return i&&i.offsetHeight>1.5*window.innerHeight?i:null})(i),s=n?[n]:[],o=[];e.forEach((e=>{const n=Array.from(i.querySelectorAll(e.elementSelector)).slice(0,e.skip);var r;(r=e.elementSelector,r.includes(",")?r.split(","):[r]).forEach((r=>{const a=i.querySelectorAll(r);for(let i=0;i<a.length;i++){const r=a[i];if(t.map.some((({el:e})=>e.isEqualNode(r))))continue;const l=r&&r.parentElement;l&&l!==document.body?s.push(l):s.push(r),-1===n.indexOf(r)&&o.push({dynamicAd:e,element:r})}}))}));const r=((e=document)=>(e===document?document.body:e).getBoundingClientRect().top)(i),a=o.sort(((e,t)=>e.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r-(t.element.getBoundingClientRect().top-r)));return[s,a]};class L{}const T=["mcmpfreqrec"];const V=new class extends L{init(e){this._gdpr="true"===e.gdpr,this._shouldQueue=this._gdpr}clearQueue(e){e&&(this._shouldQueue=!1,this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{this.setSessionStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._localStorageHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{if("adthrive_abgroup"===e.key){const t=Object.keys(e.value)[0],i=e.value[t],n=e.value[`${t}_weight`];this.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(t,i,n,{value:24,unit:"hours"})}else e.expiry?"internal"===e.type?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):this.setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value,{expiry:e.expiry,resetOnRead:e.resetOnRead}):"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalLocalStorage(e.key,e.value)})),this._cookieHandlerQueue.forEach((e=>{"internal"===e.type?this.setInternalCookie(e.key,e.value):this.setExternalCookie(e.key,e.value)}))),this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[]}readInternalCookie(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readCookie(e)}readExternalCookie(e){return this._readCookie(e)}readInternalLocalStorage(e){return this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readExternalLocalStorage(e){return this._readFromLocalStorage(e)}readSessionStorage(e){const t=window.sessionStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{return JSON.parse(t)}catch(e){return t}}deleteCookie(e){document.cookie=`${e}=; SameSite=None; Secure; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/`}deleteLocalStorage(e){window.localStorage.removeItem(e)}deleteSessionStorage(e){window.sessionStorage.removeItem(e)}setInternalCookie(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._setCookieValue("internal",e,t,i)}setExternalCookie(e,t,i){this._setCookieValue("external",e,t,i)}setInternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._verifyInternalKey(e),this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExternalLocalStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"external"};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.localStorage.setItem(e,i)}}setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){this._verifyInternalKey(e);try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"internal",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setExpirableExternalLocalStorage(e,t,i){try{var n;const o=null!=(n=null==i?void 0:i.expiry)?n:{value:400,unit:"days"};var s;const r=null!=(s=null==i?void 0:i.resetOnRead)&&s;if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:JSON.stringify(t),type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};this._localStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i={value:t,type:"external",expires:this._getExpiryDate(o),expiry:o,resetOnRead:r};window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(i))}}catch(e){console.error(e)}}setSessionStorage(e,t){if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const i={key:e,value:t};this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue.push(i)}else{const i="string"==typeof t?t:JSON.stringify(t);window.sessionStorage.setItem(e,i)}}getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(t,i,n,s,o=!0){const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=this.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(this._isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?this.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):this.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]}_isValidABGroupLocalStorageValue(e){return null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e))}_getExpiryDate({value:e,unit:t}){const i=new Date;return"milliseconds"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+e):"seconds"==t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+1e3*e):"minutes"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*1e3):"hours"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+60*e*60*1e3):"days"===t?i.setTime(i.getTime()+24*e*60*60*1e3):"months"===t&&i.setTime(i.getTime()+30*e*24*60*60*1e3),i.toUTCString()}_resetExpiry(e){return e.expires=this._getExpiryDate(e.expiry),e}_readCookie(e){const t=document.cookie.split("; ").find((t=>t.split("=")[0]===e));if(!t)return null;const i=t.split("=")[1];if(i)try{return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(i))}catch(e){return decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if("adthrive_abgroup"===e&&n.created)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.hasOwnProperty("value"))return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!T.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},N=(e,t,i)=>{switch(t){case d.AdDensity:return((e,t)=>{const i=e.adDensityEnabled,n=e.adDensityLayout.pageOverrides.find((e=>!!document.querySelector(e.pageSelector)&&(e[t].onePerViewport||"number"==typeof e[t].adDensity)));return!i||!n})(e,i);case d.StickyOutstream:return(e=>{var t,i,n;const s=null==(n=e.videoPlayers)||null==(i=n.partners)||null==(t=i.stickyOutstream)?void 0:t.blockedPageSelectors;return!s||!document.querySelector(s)})(e);case d.Interstitial:return(e=>{const t=e.adOptions.interstitialBlockedPageSelectors;return!t||!document.querySelector(t)})(e);default:return!0}},j=t=>{try{return{valid:!0,elements:document.querySelectorAll(t)}}catch(t){return e({valid:!1},t)}},H=e=>""===e?{valid:!0}:j(e),G=(e,t)=>{if(!e)return!1;const i=!!e.enabled,n=null==e.dateStart||Date.now()>=e.dateStart,s=null==e.dateEnd||Date.now()<=e.dateEnd,o=null===e.selector||""!==e.selector&&!!document.querySelector(e.selector),r="mobile"===e.platform&&"mobile"===t,a="desktop"===e.platform&&"desktop"===t,l=null===e.platform||"all"===e.platform||r||a,c="bernoulliTrial"===e.experimentType?1===e.variants.length:(e=>{const t=e.reduce(((e,t)=>t.weight?t.weight+e:e),0);return e.length>0&&e.every((e=>{const t=e.value,i=e.weight;return!(null==t||"number"==typeof t&&isNaN(t)||!i)}))&&100===t})(e.variants);return c||E.error("SiteTest","validateSiteExperiment","experiment presented invalid choices for key:",e.key,e.variants),i&&n&&s&&o&&l&&c},F=["siteId","siteName","adOptions","breakpoints","adUnits"];window.adthrive.windowPerformance=window.adthrive.windowPerformance||new class{resetTimeOrigin(){this._timeOrigin=window.performance.now()}now(){try{return Math.round(window.performance.now()-this._timeOrigin)}catch(e){return 0}}constructor(){this._timeOrigin=0}};const z=window.adthrive.windowPerformance,B=z.now.bind(z);class U{}class W extends U{get(){if(this._probability<0||this._probability>1)throw new Error(`Invalid probability: ${this._probability}`);return Math.random()<this._probability}constructor(e){super(),this._probability=e}}class q{get siteFeatureRollouts(){return this._featureRollouts}_isRolloutEnabled(e){if(this._doesRolloutExist(e)){const t=this._featureRollouts[e];let i=t.enabled;const n=t.data;if(this._doesRolloutHaveConfig(e)&&this._isFeatureRolloutConfigType(n)){const e=n.pct_enabled?n.pct_enabled/100:1;i=i&&new W(e).get()}return i}return!1}isRolloutEnabled(e){var t;const i=null!=(t=this._checkedFeatureRollouts.get(e))?t:this._isRolloutEnabled(e);return void 0===this._checkedFeatureRollouts.get(e)&&this._checkedFeatureRollouts.set(e,i),i}_doesRolloutExist(e){return this._featureRollouts&&!!this._featureRollouts[e]}_doesRolloutHaveConfig(e){return this._doesRolloutExist(e)&&"data"in this._featureRollouts[e]}_isFeatureRolloutConfigType(e){return null!=e&&"object"==typeof e&&!!Object.keys(e).length}getSiteRolloutConfig(e){var t;return this.isRolloutEnabled(e)&&null!=(t=this._featureRollouts[e].data)?t:{}}get enabledFeatureRolloutIds(){return this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds}constructor(){this._featureRollouts={},this._checkedFeatureRollouts=new Map,this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds=[]}}class Q extends q{_setEnabledFeatureRolloutIds(){Object.entries(this._featureRollouts).forEach((([e,t])=>{this.isRolloutEnabled(e)&&void 0!==t.featureRolloutId&&this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds.push(t.featureRolloutId)}))}constructor(e){super(),this._featureRollouts=e,this._setEnabledFeatureRolloutIds()}}class K{get enabled(){return!!this._clsGlobalData&&!!this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&((e,t=F)=>{if(!e)return!1;for(let i=0;i<t.length;i++)if(!e[t[i]])return!1;return!0})(this._clsGlobalData.siteAds)}get error(){return!(!this._clsGlobalData||!this._clsGlobalData.error)}set siteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.siteAds=e}get siteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds}set disableAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.disableAds=e}get disableAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.disableAds}set enabledLocations(e){this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations=e}get enabledLocations(){return this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations}get injectedFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin}set injectedFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin=e}get injectedFromSiteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds}set injectedFromSiteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds=e}overwriteInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=e}setInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots.push(e)}get injectedSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots}setInjectedVideoSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots.push(e)}get injectedVideoSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,n;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(n=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:n.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}shouldHalveIOSDensity(){const e=new Q(this.enabled&&this._clsGlobalData&&this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&"featureRollouts"in this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.featureRollouts||{});return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()&&e.isRolloutEnabled("iOS-Resolution")}getTargetDensity(e){return this.shouldHalveIOSDensity()?e/2:e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class J{static getScrollTop(){return(window.pageYOffset||document.documentElement.scrollTop)-(document.documentElement.clientTop||0)}static getScrollBottom(){return this.getScrollTop()+(document.documentElement.clientHeight||0)}static shufflePlaylist(e){let t,i,n=e.length;for(;0!==n;)i=Math.floor(Math.random()*e.length),n-=1,t=e[n],e[n]=e[i],e[i]=t;return e}static isMobileLandscape(){return window.matchMedia("(orientation: landscape) and (max-height: 480px)").matches}static playerViewable(e){const t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return this.isMobileLandscape()?window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2&&t.top+t.height/2>0:window.innerHeight>t.top+t.height/2}static createQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${e[t]}`)).join("&")}static createEncodedQueryString(e){return Object.keys(e).map((t=>`${t}=${encodeURIComponent(e[t])}`)).join("&")}static setMobileLocation(e){return"top-left"===(e=e||"bottom-right")?e="adthrive-collapse-top-left":"top-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-top-right":"bottom-left"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-left":"bottom-right"===e?e="adthrive-collapse-bottom-right":"top-center"===e&&(e=I()?"adthrive-collapse-top-center":"adthrive-collapse-bottom-right"),e}static addMaxResolutionQueryParam(e){const t=`max_resolution=${I()?"320":"1280"}`,[i,n]=String(e).split("?");return`${i}?${n?n+`&${t}`:t}`}}class Y{constructor(e){this._clsOptions=e,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=P(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,!1);const t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.videoPlayers;this.footerSelector=P(t&&t.footerSelector,""),this.players=P(t&&t.players.map((e=>(e.mobileLocation=J.setMobileLocation(e.mobileLocation),e))),[]),this.relatedSettings=t&&t.contextual}}class X{constructor(e){this.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!1,this.playlistPlayerAdded=!1,this.relatedPlayerAdded=!1,this.footerSelector="",this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=!1,this.videoAdOptions=new Y(e),this.players=this.videoAdOptions.players,this.relatedSettings=this.videoAdOptions.relatedSettings,this.removeVideoTitleWrapper=this.videoAdOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper,this.footerSelector=this.videoAdOptions.footerSelector}}class Z{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new K,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class ee extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(.1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveLargeSize",this.abgroup="smhd100",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}function te(e,t,i,n){var s,o=arguments.length,r=o<3?t:null===n?n=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):n;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)r=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,n);else for(var a=e.length-1;a>=0;a--)(s=e[a])&&(r=(o<3?s(r):o>3?s(t,i,r):s(t,i))||r);return o>3&&r&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,r),r}function ie(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;const ne=(e,t,i,n,s,o)=>{const r=Math.round(o-s),a=[],l=[];a.push("(",i.map((()=>"%o")).join(", "),")"),l.push(...i),void 0!==n&&(a.push(" => %o"),l.push(n)),a.push(` %c(${r}ms)`),l.push("color: #999;")},se=(e,t,i)=>{const n=void 0!==i.get?i.get:i.value;return function(...i){try{const s=B(),o=n.apply(this,i);if(o instanceof Promise)return o.then((e=>{const t=B();return ne(0,0,i,e,s,t),Promise.resolve(e)})).catch((i=>{throw i.logged||(E.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}));{const e=B();return ne(0,0,i,o,s,e),o}}catch(i){throw i.logged||(E.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}}},oe=(t,i=!1)=>n=>{const s=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(n.prototype).filter((e=>i||0!==e.indexOf("_"))).map((e=>[e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.prototype,e)]));for(const[i,o]of s)void 0!==o&&"function"==typeof o.value?n.prototype[i]=se(t,i,o):void 0!==o&&void 0!==o.get&&"function"==typeof o.get&&Object.defineProperty(n.prototype,i,e({},o,{get:se(t,i,o)}))};class re extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!I()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}re=te([oe("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],re);const ae=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],le=[[300,600],[160,600]],ce=new Map([[u.Footer,1],[u.Header,2],[u.Sidebar,3],[u.Content,4],[u.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),de=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===u.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(I()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!I()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===u.Footer||n},ue=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new re(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const o=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),r="Sidebar"===o?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ce.get(o)||8,location:o,sequence:P(i.sequence,1),sizes:(a=i.adSizes,ae.filter((([e,t])=>a.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s)=>{const{location:o,sequence:r}=e;if(o===u.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(o===u.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(o===u.Recipe)return!(I()&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(o===u.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===r||(r&&r<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s))).concat(n&&i.location===u.Content?le:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:P(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:P(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:P(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:P(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:de(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:P(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:P(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:P(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:P(i.dynamic.lazyMax,r),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var a}))},he=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===u.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class pe{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[u.Below_Post,u.Content,u.Recipe,u.Sidebar]}}const me=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,_e=e=>`${me(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function ge(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const ye=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class fe extends U{static fromArray(e,t){return new fe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}const ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=V.readInternalLocalStorage("adthrive_branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&V.deleteLocalStorage(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,u=l,null!=(p=null==(h=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===u)))?void 0:h.weight)?p:null);var d,u,h,p;const[m,_]=V.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=_,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&(e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)))(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class Ce{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=D("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=I()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=G(e,this._device),n=N(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class Oe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=d.AdLayout,this.abgroup=d.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}te([ve(),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[]),ie("design:returntype",void 0)],Oe.prototype,"run",null);class we extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=d.AdDensity,this.abgroup=d.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}te([ve(),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[]),ie("design:returntype",void 0)],we.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}xe=te([oe("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[])],xe);class Ae extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=te([oe("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){E.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");E.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new Oe(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=ue(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!ye(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))ge(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=P(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==u.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===u.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===u.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!ye((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{ge(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=H(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return P(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let d=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=k(d);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const h=a[r],p=`${h.location}_${h.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(h),_=me(e),g=_e(e),y=[e.location===u.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===u.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",_,g,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(d,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=he(h,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:h,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:h.location,element:f}),e.location===u.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}d=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${u.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=M(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=me(t),a=_e(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=he(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=t.location===u.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?P(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[u.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new pe(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new we(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new xe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae}}function ke(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class De{get enabled(){return!0}}class Re extends De{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(E.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&E.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(E.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=H(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=ke(s,["valid","elements"]),l=j(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,u=ke(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return E.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return E.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),u),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else E.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else E.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void E.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{E.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=R()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Ie extends Re{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=p.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=p.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?p.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:p.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return E.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via ${t||"other"}`)),!1}return!this._clsOptions.videoDisabledFromPlugin}constructor(e,t){super(e,"ClsVideoInsertion"),this._videoConfig=e,this._clsOptions=t,this._IN_POST_SELECTOR=".adthrive-video-player",this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=36,this._playersAddedFromPlugin=[],t.removeVideoTitleWrapper&&(this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=0)}}class Me{add(e,t,i,n=document){this._map.push({el:e,coords:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n})}get map(){return this._map}sort(){this._map.sort((({coords:e},{coords:t})=>e-t))}filterUsed(){this._map=this._map.filter((({dynamicAd:e})=>!e.used))}reset(){this._map=[]}constructor(){this._map=[]}}class Le extends Me{}const Te=e=>{const t=A(),i=(()=>{const e=I()?"mobile":"tablet";return R(O)?"desktop":e})(),n=e.siteAdsProfiles;let s=null;if(n&&n.length)for(const e of n){const n=e.targeting.device,o=e.targeting.browserEngine,r=n&&n.length&&n.includes(i),a=o&&o.length&&o.includes(t);r&&a&&(s=e)}return s};try{(()=>{const e=new K;e&&e.enabled&&(e.siteAds&&(e=>{const t=Te(e);if(t){const e=t.profileId;document.body.classList.add(`raptive-profile-${e}`)}})(e.siteAds),new Pe(e,new Le).start(),new Ie(new X(e),e).init())})()}catch(e){E.error("CLS","pluginsertion-iife",e),window.adthriveCLS&&(window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin=!1)}}();</script><script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false">(function () {var clsElements = document.querySelectorAll("script[id^='cls-']"); window.adthriveCLS && clsElements && clsElements.length === 0 ? window.adthriveCLS.injectedFromPlugin = false : ""; })();</script><noscript><style>.lazyload{display:none;}</style></noscript><script data-noptimize="1">window.lazySizesConfig=window.lazySizesConfig||{};window.lazySizesConfig.loadMode=1;</script><script async data-noptimize="1" src='https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/plugins/autoptimize/classes/external/js/lazysizes.min.js?ao_version=3.1.13'></script><script type="text/javascript" id="neve-script-js-extra">var NeveProperties = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.star-facts.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"90231ae3e1","isRTL":"","isCustomize":""};</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="neve-script-js-after">var html = document.documentElement; var theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme') || 'light'; var variants = {"logo":{"light":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"dark":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"same":true}}; function setCurrentTheme( theme ) { var pictures = document.getElementsByClassName( 'neve-site-logo' ); for(var i = 0; i<pictures.length; i++) { var picture = pictures.item(i); if( ! picture ) { continue; }; var fileExt = picture.src.slice((Math.max(0, picture.src.lastIndexOf(".")) || Infinity) + 1); if ( fileExt === 'svg' ) { picture.removeAttribute('width'); picture.removeAttribute('height'); picture.style = 'width: var(--maxwidth)'; } var compId = picture.getAttribute('data-variant'); if ( compId && variants[compId] ) { var isConditional = variants[compId]['same']; if ( theme === 'light' || isConditional || variants[compId]['dark']['src'] === false ) { picture.src = variants[compId]['light']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['light']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['light']['sizes']; continue; }; picture.src = variants[compId]['dark']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['dark']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['dark']['sizes']; }; }; }; var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type == 'attributes') { theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme'); setCurrentTheme(theme); }; }); }); observer.observe(html, { attributes: true });</script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions = [{ elements_selector: "img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload", data_src: "lazy-src", data_srcset: "lazy-srcset", data_sizes: "lazy-sizes", class_loading: "lazyloading", class_loaded: "lazyloaded", threshold: 300, callback_loaded: function(element) { if ( element.tagName === "IFRAME" && element.dataset.rocketLazyload == "fitvidscompatible" ) { if (element.classList.contains("lazyloaded") ) { if (typeof window.jQuery != "undefined") { if (jQuery.fn.fitVids) { jQuery(element).parent().fitVids(); } } } } }},{ elements_selector: ".rocket-lazyload", data_src: "lazy-src", data_srcset: "lazy-srcset", data_sizes: "lazy-sizes", class_loading: "lazyloading", class_loaded: "lazyloaded", threshold: 300, }]; window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized', function (e) { var lazyLoadInstance = e.detail.instance; if (window.MutationObserver) { var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { var image_count = 0; var iframe_count = 0; var rocketlazy_count = 0; mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { for (var i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) { if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName !== 'function') { continue; } if (typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName !== 'function') { continue; } images = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img'); is_image = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IMG"; iframes = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe'); is_iframe = mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName == "IFRAME"; rocket_lazy = mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload'); image_count += images.length; iframe_count += iframes.length; rocketlazy_count += rocket_lazy.length; if(is_image){ image_count += 1; } if(is_iframe){ iframe_count += 1; } } } ); if(image_count > 0 || iframe_count > 0 || rocketlazy_count > 0){ lazyLoadInstance.update(); } } ); var b = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; var config = { childList: true, subtree: true }; observer.observe(b, config); } }, false);</script><script>!function(){"use strict";!function(e){if(-1===e.cookie.indexOf("__adblocker")){e.cookie="__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";var t=new XMLHttpRequest;t.open("GET","https://ads.adthrive.com/abd/abd.js",!0),t.onreadystatechange=function(){if(XMLHttpRequest.DONE===t.readyState)if(200===t.status){var a=e.createElement("script");a.innerHTML=t.responseText,e.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(a)}else{var n=new Date;n.setTime(n.getTime()+3e5),e.cookie="__adblocker=true; expires="+n.toUTCString()+"; path=/"}},t.send()}}(document)}();</script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}();</script><script defer src="https://www.star-facts.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/js/autoptimize_000b376f38d62c0e77494f78d9ce5b83.js"></script></body></html>