CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: window design</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: window design"> <meta name="keywords" content="window design"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="window design" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="window design"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 12857</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: window design</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12857</span> Window Display Design of Thai Craft Product Affecting Perceptions of Thai and Foreign Tourists </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokwan%20Somoon">Kanokwan Somoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chumporn%20Moorapun"> Chumporn Moorapun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A product’s perceived value may increase purchase intention. Value perceptions may differ among cultures. Window displays can be used to increase products’ information and value. This study aims to investigate the relationship between window display design elements and value perceptions of local products between two different cultures. The research methodology is based on survey research. Several window displays in favorite of tourist spots were selected as a unit of study. Also, 100 tourists (56 Thai tourists and 44 foreign tourists) were asked to complete a questionnaire. T-Tests were used to analyze the comparison. Then, the results were compared to Thai and foreign tourists. Finally, the results find that Thai and foreign tourists have different perception towards three design elements that are size of the window, props and colour lighting. The differences of their perceptions signify the different cultural values they adhere to. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-culture" title="cross-culture">cross-culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20display" title=" window display"> window display</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20craft%20product" title=" Thai craft product"> Thai craft product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20perception" title=" environmental perception"> environmental perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45454/window-display-design-of-thai-craft-product-affecting-perceptions-of-thai-and-foreign-tourists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12856</span> Wind Fragility of Window Glass in 10-Story Apartment with Two Different Window Models </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viriyavudh%20Sim">Viriyavudh Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooYoung%20Jung"> WooYoung Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Damage due to high wind is not limited to load resistance components such as beam and column. The majority of damage is due to breach in the building envelope such as broken roof, window, and door. In this paper, wind fragility of window glass in residential apartment was determined to compare the difference between two window configuration models. Monte Carlo Simulation method had been used to derive damage data and analytical fragilities were constructed. Fragility of window system showed that window located in leeward wall had higher probability of failure, especially those close to the edge of structure. Between the two window models, Model 2 had higher probability of failure, this was due to the number of panel in this configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20fragility" title="wind fragility">wind fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20window" title=" glass window"> glass window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20rise%20building" title=" high rise building"> high rise building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20disaster" title=" wind disaster"> wind disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61409/wind-fragility-of-window-glass-in-10-story-apartment-with-two-different-window-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12855</span> A Study of New Window Typology for Palestinian Residential Building for More Sustainable Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisreen%20Ardda">Nisreen Ardda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fenestrations are one of the main building envelope elements that play an important role in home social-ecological l factors. They play a vital role in providing natural lighting and ventilation, visual, thermal, and acoustical comfort, and also provide weather-tightness, privacy, a feeling of openness. In most home buildings, fenestrations are controlled manually by the occupants, which significantly impacts occupants' comfort and energy use. Culture plays a central role in the Palestinians window operation behavior. Improved windows design that provides the desired privacy while maintaining the appropriate function of fenestration (natural lighting, thermal comfort, and visual openness) is becoming a necessity. Therefore, this paper proposes a window typology to achieve the social and environmental factors in residential buildings in the West Bank. The window typology and reference building were designed in Rivet 2021, and natural ventilation was carried out in Design Builder 4.3.0.039. The results showed that the proposed typology provides the desired privacy and the feeling of openness without compromising natural ventilation as the existing window did. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design" title="window design">window design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20design" title=" passive design"> passive design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20built%20environment" title=" sustainable built environment"> sustainable built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20material" title=" building material"> building material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141764/a-study-of-new-window-typology-for-palestinian-residential-building-for-more-sustainable-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12854</span> Comparison of Wind Fragility for Window System in the Simplified 10 and 15-Story Building Considering Exposure Category </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viriyavudh%20Sim">Viriyavudh Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooYoung%20Jung"> WooYoung Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Window system in high rise building is occasionally subjected to an excessive wind intensity, particularly during typhoon. The failure of window system did not affect overall safety of structural performance; however, it could endanger the safety of the residents. In this paper, comparison of fragility curves for window system of two residential buildings was studied. The probability of failure for individual window was determined with Monte Carlo Simulation method. Then, lognormal cumulative distribution function was used to represent the fragility. The results showed that windows located on the edge of leeward wall were more susceptible to wind load and the probability of failure for each window panel increased at higher floors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20fragility" title="wind fragility">wind fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20system" title=" window system"> window system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20rise%20building" title=" high rise building"> high rise building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20disaster" title=" wind disaster"> wind disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61408/comparison-of-wind-fragility-for-window-system-in-the-simplified-10-and-15-story-building-considering-exposure-category" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12853</span> Effect of Orientation of the Wall Window on Energy Saving under Clear Sky Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhu%20Sudan">Madhu Sudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Tiwari"> G. N. Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of wall window orientation on Daylight Illuminance Ratio (DIR) and energy saving in a building known as “SODHA BERS COMPLEX (SBC)” at Varanasi, UP, India. The building has been designed incorporating all passive concepts for thermal comfort as well daylighting concepts to maximize the use of natural daylighting for the occupants in the day to day activities. The annual average DIR and the energy saving has been estimated by using the DIR model for wall window with different orientations under clear sky condition. It has been found that for south oriented window the energy saving per square meter is more compared to the other orientations due to the higher level of solar insolation for the south window in northern hemisphere whereas energy saving potential is minimum for north oriented wall window. The energy saving potential was 26%, 81% and 51% higher for east, south and west oriented window in comparison to north oriented window. The average annual DIR has same trends of variation as the annual energy saving and it is maximum for south oriented window and minimum for north oriented window. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clear%20sky" title="clear sky">clear sky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylight%20factor" title=" daylight factor"> daylight factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20window" title=" wall window"> wall window</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36764/effect-of-orientation-of-the-wall-window-on-energy-saving-under-clear-sky-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12852</span> Multimodality in Storefront Windows: The Impact of Verbo-Visual Design on Consumer Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Bargenda">Angela Bargenda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erhard%20Lick"> Erhard Lick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhoha%20Trabelsi"> Dhoha Trabelsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research in retailing has identified the importance of atmospherics as an essential element in enhancing store image, store patronage intentions, and the overall shopping experience in a retail environment. However, in the area of atmospherics, store window design, which represents an essential component of external store atmospherics, remains a vastly underrepresented phenomenon in extant scholarship. This paper seeks to fill this gap by exploring the relevance of store window design as an atmospheric tool. In particular, empirical evidence of theme-based theatrical store front windows, which put emphasis on the use of verbo-visual design elements, was found in Paris and New York. The purpose of this study was to identify to what extent such multimodal window designs of high-end department stores in metropolitan cities have an impact on store entry decisions and attitudes towards the retailer’s image. As theoretical construct, the linguistic concept of multimodality and Mehrabian’s and Russell’s model in environmental psychology were applied. To answer the research question, two studies were conducted. For Study 1 a case study approach was selected to define three different types of store window designs based on different types of visual-verbal relations. Each of these types of store window design represented a different level of cognitive elaboration required for the decoding process. Study 2 consisted of an on-line survey carried out among more than 300 respondents to examine the influence of these three types of store window design on the consumer behavioral variables mentioned above. The results of this study show that the higher the cognitive elaboration needed to decode the message of the store window, the lower the store entry propensity. In contrast, the higher the cognitive elaboration, the higher the perceived image of the retailer’s image. One important conclusion is that in order to increase consumers’ propensity to enter stores with theme-based theatrical store front windows, retailers need to limit the cognitive elaboration required to decode their verbo-visual window design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodality" title=" multimodality"> multimodality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store%20atmospherics" title=" store atmospherics"> store atmospherics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store%20window%20design" title=" store window design"> store window design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82770/multimodality-in-storefront-windows-the-impact-of-verbo-visual-design-on-consumer-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12851</span> Life Cycle Assessment as a Decision Making for Window Performance Comparison in Green Building Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Elshafei">Ghada Elshafei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Negm"> Abdelazim Negm </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life cycle assessment is a technique to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service, by compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with identified inputs and releases; and interpreting the results to help you make a more informed decision. In this paper, the life cycle assessment of aluminum and beech wood as two commonly used materials in Egypt for window frames are heading, highlighting their benefits and weaknesses. Window frames of the two materials have been assessed on the basis of their production, energy consumption and environmental impacts. It has been found that the climate change of the windows made of aluminum and beech wood window, for a reference window (1.2m × 1.2m), are 81.7 mPt and - 52.5 mPt impacts respectively. Among the most important results are: fossil fuel consumption, potential contributions to the green building effect and quantities of solid waste tend to be minor for wood products compared to aluminum products; incineration of wood products can cause higher impacts of acidification and eutrophication than aluminum, whereas thermal energy can be recovered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20window" title="aluminum window">aluminum window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beech%20wood%20window" title=" beech wood window"> beech wood window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" life cycle analysis"> life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SimaPro%20software" title=" SimaPro software"> SimaPro software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20frame" title=" window frame"> window frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211/life-cycle-assessment-as-a-decision-making-for-window-performance-comparison-in-green-building-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12850</span> The Effect of Window Position and Ceiling Height on Cooling Load in Architectural Studio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedehzahra%20Mirrahimi">Seyedehzahra Mirrahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effect of variations in window and ceiling heights on cooling inside an architectural training studio with a full-width window. For architectural training, students use the studio more often than they use ordinary classrooms. Therefore, studio dimensions and size, and the window position, directly influence the cooling load. Energy for cooling is one of the most expensive costs in the studio because of the high activity levels of students during the warm season. The methodology of analysis involves measuring energy changes in the Energy Plus <EP> software in Kish Island. It was proved that the cooling energy in an architecture studio can be increased by changing window levels and ceiling heights to add a range of cooling energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20energy" title="cooling energy">cooling energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%20Plus" title=" Energy Plus"> Energy Plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=studio%20classroom" title=" studio classroom"> studio classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20position" title=" window position"> window position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116834/the-effect-of-window-position-and-ceiling-height-on-cooling-load-in-architectural-studio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12849</span> The Impact of the Windows Opening on the Design of Buildings in Islamic Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20I.%20Dwidar">Salma I. Dwidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20A.%20Abdel-Sattar"> Amal A. Abdel-Sattar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The window openings are the key to the relationship between the inside and the outside of any building. It is the eye that sees from, the lunges of the construction, and the ear to hear. The success of the building, as well as the comfort of the uses, depends mainly on this relationship. Usually, windows are affected by human factors like religious, social, political and economic factors as well as environmental factors like climatic, aesthetic and functional factors. In Islamic architecture, the windows were one of the most important elements of physiological and psychological comfort to the users of the buildings. Windows considered one of the main parameters in designing internal and external facade, where the window openings occupied a big part of the formation of the external facade of the buildings. This paper discusses the importance of the window openings and its relationship to residential buildings in the Islamic architecture. It addresses the rules that have been followed in the design of windows in Islamic architecture to achieve privacy and thermal comfort while there are no technological elements within the dwellings. Also, it demonstrates the effects of windows on the building form and identity and how it gives a distinctive fingerprint of the architecture buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20openings" title="window openings">window openings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Islamic%20architecture" title=" the Islamic architecture"> the Islamic architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20considerations" title=" human considerations"> human considerations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100212/the-impact-of-the-windows-opening-on-the-design-of-buildings-in-islamic-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12848</span> Design of Aesthetic Acoustic Metamaterials Window Panel Based on Sierpiński Fractal Triangle for Sound-silencing with Free Airflow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeet%20Kumar%20Singh">Sanjeet Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanatanu%20Bhattacharaya"> Shanatanu Bhattacharaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design of high- efficiency low, frequency (<1000Hz) soundproof window or wall absorber which is transparent to airflow is presented. Due to the massive rise in human population and modernization, environmental noise has significantly risen globally. Prolonged noise exposure can cause severe physiological and psychological symptoms like nausea, headaches, fatigue, and insomnia. There has been continuous growth in building construction and infrastructure like offices, bus stops, and airports due to urban population. Generally, a ventilated window is used for getting fresh air into the room, but at the same time, unwanted noise comes along. Researchers used traditional approaches like noise barrier mats in front of the window or designed the entire window using sound-absorbing materials. However, this solution is not aesthetically pleasing, and at the same time, it's heavy and not adequate for low-frequency noise shielding. To address this challenge, we design a transparent hexagonal panel based on Sierpiński fractal triangle, which is aesthetically pleasing, demonstrates normal incident sound absorption coefficient more than 0.96 around 700 Hz and transmission loss around 23 dB while maintaining e air circulation through triangular cutout. Next, we present a concept of fabrication of large acoustic panel for large-scale applications, which lead to suppressing the urban noise pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20metamaterials" title="acoustic metamaterials">acoustic metamaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20materials" title=" functional materials"> functional materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilated" title=" ventilated"> ventilated</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167201/design-of-aesthetic-acoustic-metamaterials-window-panel-based-on-sierpinski-fractal-triangle-for-sound-silencing-with-free-airflow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12847</span> Automatic Post Stroke Detection from Computed Tomography Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Gopi%20Jinimole">C. Gopi Jinimole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harsha"> A. Harsha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For detecting strokes, Computed Tomography (CT) scan is preferred for imaging the abnormalities or infarction in the brain. Because of the problems in the window settings used to evaluate brain CT images, they are very poor in the early stage infarction detection. This paper presents an automatic estimation method for the window settings of the CT images for proper contrast of the hyper infarction present in the brain. In the proposed work the window width is estimated automatically for each slice and the window centre is changed to a new value of 31HU, which is the average of the HU values of the grey matter and white matter in the brain. The automatic window width estimation is based on the average of median of statistical central moments. Thus with the new suggested window centre and estimated window width, the hyper infarction or post-stroke regions in CT brain images are properly detected. The proposed approach assists the radiologists in CT evaluation for early quantitative signs of delayed stroke, which leads to severe hemorrhage in the future can be prevented by providing timely medication to the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography%20%28CT%29" title="computed tomography (CT)">computed tomography (CT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper%20infarction%20or%20post%20stroke%20region" title=" hyper infarction or post stroke region"> hyper infarction or post stroke region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hounsefield%20Unit%20%28HU%29" title=" Hounsefield Unit (HU)"> Hounsefield Unit (HU)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20centre%20%28WC%29" title=" window centre (WC)"> window centre (WC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20width%20%28WW%29" title=" window width (WW)"> window width (WW)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75360/automatic-post-stroke-detection-from-computed-tomography-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12846</span> Design of Aesthetic Acoustic Metamaterials Window Panel Based on Sierpiński Fractal Triangle for Sound-Silencing with Free Airflow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeet%20Kumar%20Singh">Sanjeet Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shantanu%20Bhatacharya"> Shantanu Bhatacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design of high-efficiency low, frequency (<1000Hz) soundproof window or wall absorber which is transparent to airflow is presented. Due to the massive rise in human population and modernization, environmental noise has significantly risen globally. Prolonged noise exposure can cause severe physiological and psychological symptoms like nausea, headaches, fatigue, and insomnia. There has been continuous growth in building construction and infrastructure like offices, bus stops, and airports due to the urban population. Generally, a ventilated window is used for getting fresh air into the room, but at the same time, unwanted noise comes along. Researchers used traditional approaches like noise barrier mats in front of the window or designed the entire window using sound-absorbing materials. However, this solution is not aesthetically pleasing, and at the same time, it's heavy and not adequate for low-frequency noise shielding. To address this challenge, we design a transparent hexagonal panel based on the Sierpiński fractal triangle, which is aesthetically pleasing and demonstrates a normal incident sound absorption coefficient of more than 0.96 around 700 Hz and transmission loss of around 23 dB while maintaining e air circulation through the triangular cutout. Next, we present a concept of fabrication of large acoustic panels for large-scale applications, which leads to suppressing urban noise pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20metamaterials" title="acoustic metamaterials">acoustic metamaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20noise%20pollution" title=" urban noise pollution"> urban noise pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20control" title=" noise control"> noise control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157321/design-of-aesthetic-acoustic-metamaterials-window-panel-based-on-sierpinski-fractal-triangle-for-sound-silencing-with-free-airflow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12845</span> The Impact of Hospital Intensive Care Unit Window Design on Daylighting and Energy Performance in Desert Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sherif">A. Sherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sabry"> H. Sabry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elzafarany"> A. Elzafarany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gadelhak"> M. Gadelhak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Arafa"> R. Arafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aly"> M. Aly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the design of hospital Intensive Care Unit windows for the achievement of visual comfort and energy savings. The aim was to identify the window size and shading system configurations that could fulfill daylighting adequacy, avoid glare and reduce energy consumption. The study focused on addressing the effect of utilizing different shading systems in association with a range of Window-to-Wall Ratios (WWR) in different orientations under the desert clear-sky of Cairo, Egypt. The results of this study demonstrated that solar penetration is a critical concern affecting the design of ICU windows in desert locations, as in Cairo, Egypt. Use of shading systems was found to be essential in providing acceptable daylight performance and energy saving. Careful positioning of the ICU window towards a proper orientation can dramatically improve performance. It was observed that ICU windows facing the north direction enjoyed the widest range of successful window configuration possibilities at different WWRs. ICU windows facing south enjoyed a reasonable number of configuration options as well. By contrast, the ICU windows facing the east orientation had a very limited number of options that provide acceptable performance. These require additional local shading measures at certain times due to glare incidence. Moreover, use of horizontal sun breakers and solar screens to protect the ICU windows proved to be more successful than the other alternatives in a wide range of Window to Wall Ratios. By contrast, the use of light shelves and vertical shading devices seemed questionable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylighting" title="daylighting">daylighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert" title=" desert"> desert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shading" title=" shading"> shading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23620/the-impact-of-hospital-intensive-care-unit-window-design-on-daylighting-and-energy-performance-in-desert-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12844</span> Modeling of Silicon Window Layers for Solar Cells Based SIGE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Boukais">Meriem Boukais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ould-%20Abbas"> A. Ould- Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of SiGe solar cells might be improved by a wide-band-gap window layer. In this work we were simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the modeling, the thickness of silicon window was varied from 80 to 150 nm. The rest of layer’s thicknesses were kept constant, by varying thickness of window layer the simulated device performance was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiGe" title=" SiGe"> SiGe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMPS-1D" title=" AMPS-1D"> AMPS-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title=" conversion"> conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27800/modeling-of-silicon-window-layers-for-solar-cells-based-sige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12843</span> Simulation Of Silicon Window Layers For Solar Cells Based Sige </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukais%20Meriem">Boukais Meriem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ould-Abbas"> A. Ould-Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of SiGe solar cells might be improved by a wide-band-gap window layer. In this work we were simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the simulation, the thickness of silicon window was varied from 80 to 150 nm. The rest of layer’s thicknesses were kept constant, by varying thickness of window layer the simulated device performance was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiGe" title="SiGe">SiGe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMPS-1D" title=" AMPS-1D"> AMPS-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title=" conversion"> conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153/simulation-of-silicon-window-layers-for-solar-cells-based-sige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">805</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12842</span> High Aspect Ratio Sio2 Capillary Based On Silicon Etching and Thermal Oxidation Process for Optical Modulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Toan">Nguyen Van Toan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suguru%20Sangu"> Suguru Sangu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuro%20Saito"> Tetsuro Saito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Inomata"> Naoki Inomata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahito%20Ono"> Takahito Ono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and fabrication of an optical window for an optical modulator toward image sensing applications. An optical window consists of micrometer-order SiO2 capillaries (porous solid) that can modulate transmission light intensity by moving the liquid in and out of porous solid. A high optical transmittance of the optical window can be achieved due to refractive index matching when the liquid is penetrated into the porous solid. Otherwise, its light transmittance is lower because of light reflection and scattering by air holes and capillary walls. Silicon capillaries fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process are completely oxidized to form the SiO2 capillaries. Therefore, high aspect ratio SiO2 capillaries can be achieved based on silicon capillaries formed by DRIE technique. Large compressive stress of the oxide causes bending of the capillary structure, which is reduced by optimizing the design of device structure. The large stress of the optical window can be released via thin supporting beams. A 7.2 mm x 9.6 mm optical window area toward a fully integrated with the image sensor format is successfully fabricated and its optical transmittance is evaluated with and without inserting liquids (ethanol and matching oil). The achieved modulation range is approximately 20% to 35% with and without liquid penetration in visible region (wavelength range from 450 nm to 650 nm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20oxidation%20process" title="thermal oxidation process">thermal oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2%20capillaries" title=" SiO2 capillaries"> SiO2 capillaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20window" title=" optical window"> optical window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20transmittance" title=" light transmittance"> light transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20sensor" title=" image sensor"> image sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20penetration" title=" liquid penetration"> liquid penetration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23896/high-aspect-ratio-sio2-capillary-based-on-silicon-etching-and-thermal-oxidation-process-for-optical-modulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12841</span> Re-Analyzing Energy-Conscious Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Pushkar">Svetlana Pushkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oleg%20Verbitsky"> Oleg Verbitsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An energy-conscious design for a classroom in a hot-humid climate is reanalyzed. The hypothesis of this study is that use of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in building operation energy consumption will lead to re-analysis of the energy-conscious design. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reanalyze the energy-conscious design by evaluating the environmental impact of operational energy with PV electrical generation. Using the hierarchical design structure of Eco-indicator 99, the alternatives for energy-conscious variables are statistically evaluated by applying a two-stage nested (hierarchical) ANOVA. The recommendations for the preferred solutions for application of glazing types, wall insulation, roof insulation, window size, roof mass, and window shading design alternatives were changed (for example, glazing type recommendations were changed from low-emissivity glazing, green, and double- glazed windows to low-emissivity glazing only), whereas the applications for the lighting control system and infiltration are not changed. Such analysis of operational energy can be defined as environment-conscious analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eco-Indicator%2099" title=" Eco-Indicator 99"> Eco-Indicator 99</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-conscious%20design" title=" energy-conscious design"> energy-conscious design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%E2%80%93humid%20climate" title=" hot–humid climate"> hot–humid climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79830/re-analyzing-energy-conscious-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12840</span> Implementing Two Rotatable Circular Polarized Glass Made Window to Reduce the Amount of Electricity Usage by Air Condition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Sarwar">Imtiaz Sarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air conditioning in homes may account for one-third of the electricity during period in summer when most of the energy is required in large cities. It is not consuming only electricity but also has a serious impact on environment including greenhouse effect. Circular polarizer filter can be used to selectively absorb or pass clockwise or counter-clock wise circularly polarized light. My research is about putting two circular polarized glasses parallel to each other and make a circular window with it. When we will place two circular polarized glasses exactly same way (0 degree to each other) then nothing will be noticed rather it will work as a regular window through which all light and heat can pass on. While we will keep rotating one of the circular polarized glasses, the angle between the glasses will keep increasing and the window will keep blocking more and more lights. It will completely block all the lights and a portion of related heat when one of the windows will reach 90 degree to another. On the other hand, we can just open the window when fresh air is necessary. It will reduce the necessity of using Air condition too much or consumer will use electric fan rather than air conditioning system. Thus, we can save a significant amount of electricity and we can go green. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarizer" title="circular polarizer">circular polarizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window" title=" window"> window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20condition" title=" air condition"> air condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22141/implementing-two-rotatable-circular-polarized-glass-made-window-to-reduce-the-amount-of-electricity-usage-by-air-condition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12839</span> Analysis of Formation Methods of Range Profiles for an X-Band Coastal Surveillance Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Loi">Nguyen Van Loi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Thanh%20Son"> Le Thanh Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Trung%20Kien"> Tran Trung Kien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the problem of the formation of range profiles (RPs) for an X-band coastal surveillance radar. Two popular methods, the difference operator method, and the window-based method, are reviewed and analyzed via two tests with different datasets. The test results show that although the original window-based method achieves a better performance than the difference operator method, it has three main drawbacks that are the use of 3 or 4 peaks of an RP for creating the windows, the extension of the window size using the power sum of three adjacent cells in the left and the right sides of the windows and the same threshold applied for all types of vessels to finish the formation process of RPs. These drawbacks lead to inaccurate RPs due to the low signal-to-clutter ratio. Therefore, some suggestions are proposed to improve the original window-based method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20profile" title="range profile">range profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20operator%20method" title=" difference operator method"> difference operator method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window-based%20method" title=" window-based method"> window-based method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20target%20recognition" title=" automatic target recognition"> automatic target recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134878/analysis-of-formation-methods-of-range-profiles-for-an-x-band-coastal-surveillance-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12838</span> Optimizing the Window Geometry Using Fractals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Geetha%20Ramesh">K. Geetha Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramachandraiah"> A. Ramachandraiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an internal building space, daylight becomes a powerful source of illumination. The challenge therefore, is to develop means of utilizing both direct and diffuse natural light in buildings while maintaining and improving occupant's visual comfort, particularly at greater distances from the windows throwing daylight. The geometrical features of windows in a building have significant effect in providing daylight. The main goal of this research is to develop an innovative window geometry, which will effectively provide the daylight component adequately together with internal reflected component(IRC) and also the external reflected component(ERC), if any. This involves exploration of a light redirecting system using fractal geometry for windows, in order to penetrate and distribute daylight more uniformly to greater depths, minimizing heat gain and glare, and also to reduce building energy use substantially. Of late the creation of fractal geometrical window and the occurrence of daylight illuminance due to such windows is becoming an interesting study. The amount of daylight can change significantly based on the window geometry and sky conditions. This leads to the (i) exploration of various fractal patterns suitable for window designs, and (ii) quantification of the effect of chosen fractal window based on the relationship between the fractal pattern, size, orientation and glazing properties for optimizing daylighting. There are a lot of natural lighting applications able to predict the behaviour of a light in a room through a traditional opening - a regular window. The conventional prediction methodology involves the evaluation of the daylight factor, the internal reflected component and the external reflected component. Having evaluated the daylight illuminance level for a conventional window, the technical performance of a fractal window for an optimal daylighting is to be studied and compared with that of a regular window. The methodologies involved are highlighted in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylighting" title="daylighting">daylighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20window" title=" fractal window"> fractal window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64228/optimizing-the-window-geometry-using-fractals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12837</span> Efficient Frequent Itemset Mining Methods over Real-Time Spatial Big Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamdi%20Sana">Hamdi Sana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emna%20Bouazizi"> Emna Bouazizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Faiz"> Sami Faiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there is a huge increase in the use of spatio-temporal applications where data and queries are continuously moving. As a result, the need to process real-time spatio-temporal data seems clear and real-time stream data management becomes a hot topic. Sliding window model and frequent itemset mining over dynamic data are the most important problems in the context of data mining. Thus, sliding window model for frequent itemset mining is a widely used model for data stream mining due to its emphasis on recent data and its bounded memory requirement. These methods use the traditional transaction-based sliding window model where the window size is based on a fixed number of transactions. Actually, this model supposes that all transactions have a constant rate which is not suited for real-time applications. And the use of this model in such applications endangers their performance. Based on these observations, this paper relaxes the notion of window size and proposes the use of a timestamp-based sliding window model. In our proposed frequent itemset mining algorithm, support conditions are used to differentiate frequents and infrequent patterns. Thereafter, a tree is developed to incrementally maintain the essential information. We evaluate our contribution. The preliminary results are quite promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20spatial%20big%20data" title="real-time spatial big data">real-time spatial big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20itemset" title=" frequent itemset"> frequent itemset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction-based%20sliding%20window%20model" title=" transaction-based sliding window model"> transaction-based sliding window model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timestamp-based%20sliding%20window%20model" title=" timestamp-based sliding window model"> timestamp-based sliding window model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20frequent%20patterns" title=" weighted frequent patterns"> weighted frequent patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree" title=" tree"> tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20query" title=" stream query"> stream query</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102447/efficient-frequent-itemset-mining-methods-over-real-time-spatial-big-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12836</span> Nano Sol Based Solar Responsive Smart Window for Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20D.%20D.%20Kuruppu">K. A. D. D. Kuruppu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20De%20Silva"> R. M. De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20N.%20De%20Silva"> K. M. N. De Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work was based on developing a solar responsive aircraft window panel which can be used as a self-cleaning surface and also a surface which degrade Volatile Organic compounds (VOC) available in the aircraft cabin areas. Further, this surface has the potential of harvesting energy from Solar. The transparent inorganic nano sol solution was prepared. The obtained sol solution was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Particle size analyzer and FT-IR. The existing nano material which shows the similar characteristics was also used to compare the efficiencies with the newly prepared nano sol. Nano sol solution was coated on cleaned four aircraft window pieces separately using a spin coater machine. The existing nano material was dissolved and prepared a solution having the similar concentration as nano sol solution. Pre-cleaned four aircraft window pieces were coated with this solution and the rest cleaned four aircraft window pieces were considered as control samples. The control samples were uncoated from anything. All the window pieces were allowed to dry at room temperature. All the twelve aircraft window pieces were uniform in all the factors other than the type of coating. The surface morphologies of the samples were analyzed using SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of VOC was determined after incorporating gas of Toluene to each sample followed by the analysis done by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The self- cleaning capabilities were analyzed after adding of several types of stains on the window pieces. The self-cleaning property of each sample was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The highest photocatalytic degradation of Volatile Organic compound and the highest photocatalytic degradation of stains were obtained for the samples which were coated by the nano sol solution. Therefore, the experimental results clearly show that there is a potential of using this nano sol in aircraft window pieces which favors the self-cleaning property as well as efficient photocatalytic degradation of VOC gases. This will ensure safer environment inside aircraft cabins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title="aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20windows" title=" smart windows"> smart windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82069/nano-sol-based-solar-responsive-smart-window-for-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12835</span> Variable vs. Fixed Window Width Code Correlation Reference Waveform Receivers for Multipath Mitigation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems with Binary Offset Carrier and Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alhussein">Fahad Alhussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huaping%20Liu"> Huaping Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the multipath mitigation performance of code correlation reference waveform receivers with variable and fixed window width, for binary offset carrier and multiplexed binary offset carrier signals typically used in global navigation satellite systems. In the variable window width method, such width is iteratively reduced until the distortion on the discriminator with multipath is eliminated. This distortion is measured as the Euclidean distance between the actual discriminator (obtained with the incoming signal), and the local discriminator (generated with a local copy of the signal). The variable window width have shown better performance compared to the fixed window width. In particular, the former yields zero error for all delays for the BOC and MBOC signals considered, while the latter gives rather large nonzero errors for small delays in all cases. Due to its computational simplicity, the variable window width method is perfectly suitable for implementation in low-cost receivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20reference%20waveform%20receivers" title="correlation reference waveform receivers">correlation reference waveform receivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" binary offset carrier"> binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplexed%20binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" multiplexed binary offset carrier"> multiplexed binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20satellite%20systems" title=" global navigation satellite systems"> global navigation satellite systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944/variable-vs-fixed-window-width-code-correlation-reference-waveform-receivers-for-multipath-mitigation-in-global-navigation-satellite-systems-with-binary-offset-carrier-and-multiplexed-binary-offset-carrier-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12834</span> Classification of EEG Signals Based on Dynamic Connectivity Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20%C5%A0verko">Zoran Šverko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C5%A1a%20Vlahini%C4%87"> Saša Vlahinić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Stojkovi%C4%87"> Nino Stojković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Markovinovi%C4%87"> Ivan Markovinović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the classification of target letters is performed using data from the EEG P300 Speller paradigm. Neural networks trained with the results of dynamic connectivity analysis between different brain regions are used for classification. Dynamic connectivity analysis is based on the adaptive window size and the imaginary part of the complex Pearson correlation coefficient. Brain dynamics are analysed using the relative intersection of confidence intervals for the imaginary component of the complex Pearson correlation coefficient method (RICI-imCPCC). The RICI-imCPCC method overcomes the shortcomings of currently used dynamical connectivity analysis methods, such as the low reliability and low temporal precision for short connectivity intervals encountered in constant sliding window analysis with wide window size and the high susceptibility to noise encountered in constant sliding window analysis with narrow window size. This method overcomes these shortcomings by dynamically adjusting the window size using the RICI rule. This method extracts information about brain connections for each time sample. Seventy percent of the extracted brain connectivity information is used for training and thirty percent for validation. Classification of the target word is also done and based on the same analysis method. As far as we know, through this research, we have shown for the first time that dynamic connectivity can be used as a parameter for classifying EEG signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20connectivity%20analysis" title="dynamic connectivity analysis">dynamic connectivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%20correlation%20coefficients" title=" Pearson correlation coefficients"> Pearson correlation coefficients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159091/classification-of-eeg-signals-based-on-dynamic-connectivity-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12833</span> An Improved Dynamic Window Approach with Environment Awareness for Local Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoshan%20Wei">Baoshan Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuai%20Han"> Shuai Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Zhang"> Xing Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local obstacle avoidance is critical for mobile robot navigation. It is a challenging task to ensure path optimality and safety in cluttered environments. We proposed an Environment Aware Dynamic Window Approach in this paper to cope with the issue. The method integrates environment characterization into Dynamic Window Approach (DWA). Two strategies are proposed in order to achieve the integration. The local goal strategy guides the robot to move through openings before approaching the final goal, which solves the local minima problem in DWA. The adaptive control strategy endows the robot to adjust its state according to the environment, which addresses path safety compared with DWA. Besides, the evaluation shows that the path generated from the proposed algorithm is safer and smoother compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20window%20approach" title=" dynamic window approach"> dynamic window approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20aware" title=" environment aware"> environment aware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20obstacle%20avoidance" title=" local obstacle avoidance"> local obstacle avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robots" title=" mobile robots"> mobile robots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102425/an-improved-dynamic-window-approach-with-environment-awareness-for-local-obstacle-avoidance-of-mobile-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12832</span> Daylightophil Approach towards High-Performance Architecture for Hybrid-Optimization of Visual Comfort and Daylight Factor in BSk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadjavad%20Mahdavinejad">Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Yazdi"> Hadi Yazdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The greatest influence we have from the world is shaped through the visual form, thus light is an inseparable element in human life. The use of daylight in visual perception and environment readability is an important issue for users. With regard to the hazards of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, and in line with the attitudes on the reduction of energy consumption, the correct use of daylight results in lower levels of energy consumed by artificial lighting, heating and cooling systems. Windows are usually the starting points for analysis and simulations to achieve visual comfort and energy optimization; therefore, attention should be paid to the orientation of buildings to minimize electrical energy and maximize the use of daylight. In this paper, by using the Design Builder Software, the effect of the orientation of an 18m<sup>2</sup>(3m*6m) room with 3m height in city of Tehran has been investigated considering the design constraint limitations<span dir="RTL">.</span> In these simulations, the dimensions of the building have been changed with one degree and the window is located on the smaller face (3m*3m) of the building with 80% ratio. The results indicate that the orientation of building has a lot to do with energy efficiency to meet high-performance architecture and planning goals and objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylight" title="daylight">daylight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window" title=" window"> window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20builder" title=" design builder"> design builder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77984/daylightophil-approach-towards-high-performance-architecture-for-hybrid-optimization-of-visual-comfort-and-daylight-factor-in-bsk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12831</span> An Enhanced Hybrid Backoff Technique for Minimizing the Occurrence of Collision in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Sabiyath%20Fatima">N. Sabiyath Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Shanmugasundaram"> R. K. Shanmugasundaram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS), every node performs both as transmitter and receiver. The existing backoff models do not exactly forecast the performance of the wireless network. Also, the existing models experience elevated packet collisions. Every time a collision happens, the station’s contention window (CW) is doubled till it arrives at the utmost value. The main objective of this paper is to diminish collision by means of contention window Multiplicative Increase Decrease Backoff (CWMIDB) scheme. The intention of rising CW is to shrink the collision possibility by distributing the traffic into an outsized point in time. Within wireless Ad hoc networks, the CWMIDB algorithm dynamically controls the contention window of the nodes experiencing collisions. During packet communication, the backoff counter is evenly selected from the given choice of [0, CW-1]. At this point, CW is recognized as contention window and its significance lies on the amount of unsuccessful transmission that had happened for the packet. On the initial transmission endeavour, CW is put to least amount value (C min), if transmission effort fails, subsequently the value gets doubled, and once more the value is set to least amount on victorious broadcast. CWMIDB is simulated inside NS2 environment and its performance is compared with Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm. The simulation results show improvement in transmission probability compared to that of the existing backoff algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backoff" title="backoff">backoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contention%20window" title=" contention window"> contention window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWMIDB" title=" CWMIDB"> CWMIDB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77080/an-enhanced-hybrid-backoff-technique-for-minimizing-the-occurrence-of-collision-in-mobile-ad-hoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12830</span> Investigating the Effect of Adding the Window Layer and the Back Surface Field Layer of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P Material to GaAs Single Junction Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Taghinia">Ahmad Taghinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Gholamishaker"> Negar Gholamishaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaAs (gallium arsenide) solar cells have gained significant attention for their use in space applications. These solar cells have the potential for efficient energy conversion and are being explored as potential power sources for electronic devices, satellites, and telecommunication equipment. In this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of adding a window layer and a back surface field (BSF) layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P material to a GaAs single junction solar cell. In this paper, we first obtain the important electrical parameters of a single-junction GaAs solar cell by utilizing a two-dimensional simulator software for virtual investigation of the solar cell; then, we analyze the impact of adding a window layer and a back surface field layer made of InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P on the solar cell. The results show that the incorporation of these layers led to enhancements in Jsc, Voc, FF, and the overall efficiency of the solar cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20surface%20field%20layer" title="back surface field layer">back surface field layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaAs" title=" GaAs"> GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%E2%82%93Ga%E2%82%8D%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93%E2%82%8EP" title=" InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P"> InₓGa₍₁₋ₓ₎P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20layer" title=" window layer"> window layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469/investigating-the-effect-of-adding-the-window-layer-and-the-back-surface-field-layer-of-inga1p-material-to-gaas-single-junction-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12829</span> Window Opening Behavior in High-Density Housing Development in Subtropical Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjung%20Maing">Minjung Maing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibei%20Liu"> Sibei Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research discusses the results of a study of window opening behavior of large housing developments in the high-density megacity of Hong Kong. The methods used for the study involved field observations using photo documentation of the four cardinal elevations (north, south-east, and west) of two large housing developments in a very dense urban area of approx. 46,000 persons per square meter within the city of Hong Kong. The targeted housing developments (A and B) are large public housing with a population of about 13,000 in each development of lower income. However, the mean income level in development A is about 40% higher than development B and home ownership is 60% in development A and 0% in development B. Mapping of the surrounding amenities and layout of the developments were also studied to understand the available activities to the residents. The photo documentation of the elevations was taken from November 2016 to February 2018 to gather a full spectrum of different seasons and both in the morning and afternoon (am/pm) times. From the photograph, the window opening behavior was measured by counting the amount of windows opened as a percentage of all the windows on that façade. For each date of survey data collected, weather data was recorded from weather stations located in the same region to collect temperature, humidity and wind speed. To further understand the behavior, simulation studies of microclimate conditions of the housing development was conducted using the software ENVI-met, a widely used simulation tool by researchers studying urban climate. Four major conclusions can be drawn from the data analysis and simulation results. Firstly, there is little change in the amount of window opening during the different seasons within a temperature range of 10 to 35 degrees Celsius. This means that people who tend to open their windows have consistent window opening behavior throughout the year and high tolerance of indoor thermal conditions. Secondly, for all four elevations the lower-income development B opened more windows (almost two times more units) than higher-income development A meaning window opening behavior had strong correlations with income level. Thirdly, there is a lack of correlation between outdoor horizontal wind speed and window opening behavior, as the changes of wind speed do not seem to affect the action of opening windows in most conditions. Similar to the low correlation between horizontal wind speed and window opening percentage, it is found that vertical wind speed also cannot explain the window opening behavior of occupants. Fourthly, there is a slightly higher average of window opening on the south elevation than the north elevation, which may be due to the south elevation being well shaded from high angle sun during the summer and allowing heat into units from lower angle sun during the winter season. These findings are important to providing insight into how to better design urban environments and indoor thermal environments for a liveable high density city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-density%20housing" title="high-density housing">high-density housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subtropical%20climate" title=" subtropical climate"> subtropical climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20behavior" title=" urban behavior"> urban behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20opening" title=" window opening"> window opening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93413/window-opening-behavior-in-high-density-housing-development-in-subtropical-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12828</span> Three-Dimensional Measurement and Analysis of Facial Nerve Recess</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Shuo-Shuo">Kang Shuo-Shuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Jian-Nan"> Li Jian-Nan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Shiming"> Yang Shiming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The three-dimensional anatomical structure of the facial nerve recess and its relationship were measured by high-resolution temporal bone CT to provide imaging reference for cochlear implant operation. Materials and Methods: By analyzing the high-resolution CT of 160 cases (320 pleural ears) of the temporal bone, the following parameters were measured at the axial window niche level: 1. The distance between the facial nerve and chordae tympani nerve d1; 2. Distance between the facial nerve and circular window niche d2; 3. The relative Angle between the facial nerve and the circular window niche a; 4. Distance between the middle point of the face recess and the circular window niche d3; 5. The relative angle between the middle point of the face recess and the circular window niche b. Factors that might influence the anatomy of the facial recess were recorded, including the patient's sex, age, and anatomical variation (e.g., vestibular duct dilation, mastoid gas type, mothoid sinus advancement, jugular bulbar elevation, etc.), and the correlation between these factors and the measured facial recess parameters was analyzed. Result: The mean value of face-drum distance d1 is (3.92 ± 0.26) mm, the mean value of face-niche distance d2 is (5.95 ± 0.62) mm, the mean value of face-niche Angle a is (94.61 ± 9.04) °, and the mean value of fossa - niche distance d3 is (6.46 ± 0.63) mm. The average fossa-niche Angle b was (113.47 ± 7.83) °. Gender, age, and anterior sigmoid sinus were the three factors affecting the width of the opposite recess d1, the Angle of the opposite nerve relative to the circular window niche a, and the Angle of the facial recess relative to the circular window niche b. Conclusion: High-resolution temporal bone CT before cochlear implantation can show the important anatomical relationship of the facial nerve recess, and the measurement results have clinical reference value for the operation of cochlear implantation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implantation" title="cochlear implantation">cochlear implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recess%20of%20facial%20nerve" title=" recess of facial nerve"> recess of facial nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20bone%20CT" title=" temporal bone CT"> temporal bone CT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20measurement" title=" three-dimensional measurement"> three-dimensional measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192591/three-dimensional-measurement-and-analysis-of-facial-nerve-recess" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=428">428</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=429">429</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>