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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_akanutni_chhib" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_akanutni_chhib"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>I akanutni chhib</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_akanutni_chhib-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhibyaki_Shtandardisasiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhibyaki_Shtandardisasiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chhibyaki Shtandardisasiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhibyaki_Shtandardisasiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chhibakire_Atitudura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chhibakire_Atitudura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chhibakire Atitudura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chhibakire_Atitudura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vi_dikh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vi_dikh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vi dikh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vi_dikh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avrutne_phandimata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avrutne_phandimata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Avrutne phandimata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avrutne_phandimata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romani chib</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 97 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الرومنية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الرومنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="رومانى تشيب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رومانى تشيب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%ADn" title="Romanín – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Romanín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C3%A7%C4%B1_dili" title="Qaraçı dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraçı dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رومان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цыганская мова – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цыганская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цыганская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цыганская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Цигански език – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цигански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রোমানি ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeg" title="Romeg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Romeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Цигонийн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цигонийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕۆمانی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕۆمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C5%A1tina" title="Romština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Romština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чикан чĕлхи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чикан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_(iaith)" title="Romani (iaith) – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Romani (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanki" title="Romanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Romanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρομανί γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομανί γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaa_lingvo" title="Romaa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romaa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_roman%C3%AD" title="Idioma romaní – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma romaní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustlaskeel" title="Mustlaskeel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mustlaskeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromaniera" title="Erromaniera – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromaniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان رومانی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان رومانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanikieli" title="Romanikieli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romanikieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Romainis" title="An Romainis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Romainis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanais" title="Romanais – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Romanais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_roman%C3%AD" title="Lingua romaní – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua romaní" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="רומאני (שפה) – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רומאני (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_bhasa" title="Romani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Romani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cig%C3%A1ny_nyelv" title="Cigány nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cigány nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rromani" title="Lingua rromani – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua rromani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Romani" title="Bahasa Romani – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Romani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_roman%C3%AD" title="Lingua romaní – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua romaní" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="ロマ語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="აწინკნური ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აწინკნური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%AC%EC%96%B4" title="롬어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="롬어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_roman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê romanî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê romanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Чиган кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чиган кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romek" title="Romek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Romek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE/%D0%9B%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Википедия:Сомо/Лөлү тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Сомо/Лөлү тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Zingarica" title="Lingua Zingarica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Zingarica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_(lingua)" title="Romani (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Romani (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom" title="Rom – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rom" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cigon%C5%B3_kalba" title="Čigonų kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čigonų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cig%C4%81nu_valoda" title="Čigānu valoda – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čigānu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_r%C3%B4many" title="Fiteny rômany – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rômany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ромски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ромски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रोमानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanispr%C3%A5k" title="Romanispråk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romanispråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanes" title="Romanes – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Romaní" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੋਮਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_romski" title="Język romski – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język romski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومانی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومانی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_romani" title="Limba romani – română" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba romani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="română" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Цыганский язык – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цыганский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानीभाषा – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रोमानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_leid" title="Romani leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Romani leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romski_jezik" title="Romski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Romski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C4%8Dina" title="Rómčina – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rómčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Romščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Romščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanikiel%C3%A2" title="Romanikielâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Romanikielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_rome" title="Gjuha rome – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha rome" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ромски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ромски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Romani" title="Basa Romani – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Romani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani" title="Romani – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உரோமானி மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமானி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาโรมานี – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโรมานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ingenece" title="Çingenece – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çingenece" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Романи теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Романи теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Циганська мова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Циганська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Digan" title="Tiếng Digan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Digan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E8%B5%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="吉卜赛语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吉卜赛语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="罗姆语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗姆语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E6%96%87" title="羅姆文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅姆文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romani_chib" title="Dikh o artikolo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Lekh</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vakyarimata:Romani_chib" rel="discussion" title="Diskuciya le artikoleske [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Vakyarimata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">romani čhib</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romani_chib"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=history" title="Purane versiune le dokumenteske. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Labnengo moxton" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Labnengo moxton</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Romani_chib"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uzalutno:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Romani_chib" title="I lista sa le wiki pajinenge so aven (si phande) vi kathe [j]" accesskey="j"><span>So phandel pes kathe</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uzalutno:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Romani_chib" rel="nofollow" title="Neve paruvimata andi kadaya pajina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Pashvipnaske paruvimata</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=rmy" title="Bićhal imajine vai media files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bićhal file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Uzalutno:Pagini_speciale" title="I lista sa le spechiale pajinengi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Uzalutne patrya</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&oldid=55593" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Savaxtutno phandipen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzalutno:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Romani_chib&id=55593&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Prinjardo phandipen ko lekh</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzalutno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Frmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomani_chib"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzalutno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Frmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomani_chib"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzalutno:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Romani+chib"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzalutno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Romani_chib&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printisaripnaski versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Romani_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13201" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Vikipidiya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rmy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" style="width:270px;border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color: #f9f9f9;color: black;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em;float: right;clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: ;">Romani, Romanes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Labyardi kai: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Indiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiya">Indiya</a> tay <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Savore vakyarne: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">≈10 miliyonurya </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chhibaki_familiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhibaki familiya (pagină inexistentă)">Chhibaki familiya</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><br /><span style="font-size:66%;"> </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Irane_chhiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Irane chhiba (pagină inexistentă)">Indo-Irani</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">  </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Ariyane_chhiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Ariyane chhiba (pagină inexistentă)">Indo-Ariyani</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">   </span><a href="/wiki/Mashkarutne_Indo-Ariyane_chhiba" title="Mashkarutne Indo-Ariyane chhiba">Mashkarutno umal</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">    </span><b>Romani, Romanes</b>  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: ;">Prinjardo statuto </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Prinjardi chhib kai: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Shuto_Orizari" title="Shuto Orizari">Shuto Orizari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nordutni_Makedoniya" title="Nordutni Makedoniya">Nordutni Makedoniya</a>), prindzhardi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selorenge_Chiba_kay!_Svedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selorenge Chiba kay! Svedo (pagină inexistentă)">selorengi chhib</a> kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svedo (pagină inexistentă)">Svedo</a>, vi-prindzhardi kay 79 <a href="/wiki/Gav" title="Gav">Gava</a> tay yek <a href="/wiki/Foro" title="Foro">Foro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Budeshti" title="Budeshti">Budeshti</a>) andar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Remeniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remeniya (pagină inexistentă)">Remeniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_language_regulators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of language regulators (pagină inexistentă)">Organizime katar</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><i>nai prinjardo organizimos</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: ;">Chhibake kodurya </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-1 (pagină inexistentă)">ISO 639-1</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><i>ni ekh</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 (pagină inexistentă)">ISO 639-2</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>rom</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (pagină inexistentă)">ISO/DIS 639-3</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rom">rom</a></code> — [[]]  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="boilerplate metadata" colspan="3" style="padding: 0.5em;"><small><b>Xalyaripen</b>: Ando kado lekh shai te aven <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unicode (pagină inexistentă)">Unicode</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (pagină inexistentă)">IPA</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonetika (pagină inexistentă)">fonetikane</a> simbolurya. Dikh kai <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_pe_Romani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA pe Romani (pagină inexistentă)">IPA pe Romani</a> o romano vakyaripen.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I <b>Rromani ćhib</b> vai Rromano vakăriben si iekh xindusthanesqe buxlăribnasqi vai indikane diasporosqi <a href="/wiki/Chhib" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhib">ćhib</a> anθar-i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Ariyane_chiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Ariyane chiba (pagină inexistentă)">indo-ariăne</a> ćhibăqi familia. Kathe si mai paśal ël ćhibĕnça anθar-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkarutne_Indo-Ariyane_chiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashkarutne Indo-Ariyane chiba (pagină inexistentă)">maśkarutno grupo</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovestuni_Hindi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovestuni Hindi (pagină inexistentă)">Ovestuni Hindi</a>[1]Gujarati, Bili, Kandesh, Rayengethem). </p><p>Akana ël dialektură si len but alava (lafora) vaj vorbe anθar ël gaʒikane ćhibă thaj si varesave gramatikalne ververimata maśkar lenθe, ël dialektură vaj endajalektură (varietetură ël Rromane ćhibăqe kaj si dine dùma anθ-e ververe Rromane komunitetură). Sa kadea, sa ël Rromane ćhibăqe varietetură si len so maj but phurane alava kaj aven kaθar ël xindusthanesqe ćhibă. Avere ojkoklitićne vaj tematikne (nativne) alava aven kaθar ël persikane vaj iranikane ćhibă thaj ël armenikane thaj grećikane ćhibă. </p><p>Avdives si but manuśa anθar o Rromano naròdo kaj ći maj ʒanen penqe ćhibă. Kadi situàcia areslăs anθar o motìvo kë sas butivar anθ-i hiśtòria zumavlimata te gaʒăren vai te keren asimilàcia ël Rromenqe, sar egzemplo anθ-e maj but thema kaj ël thagara kerdĭne zakonură mamuj ël Rromane ćhibăθe kaj ći mukhlĭne ël Rroma te vakăren Rromanes bi te daran bilaćhe konsekvencurĕnθar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Puranipen">Puranipen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editisar o kotor: Puranipen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Puranipen"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nay dudale dokumentura te arakhel o puranipen le vaxtosko kana le romenge phure telyarden le <a href="/wiki/Sudutni_Asiya" title="Sudutni Asiya">Indikane Supbarodvipestar</a>. Atunch e akanutni Romani chhib shay te anel dzhanglimata andar o kodo vaxt.</li></ul> <p>But bersha sas phendo so e roma aven andar e bashavne (10.000 vay 12.000 dzhene) dine e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanoy (pagină inexistentă)">Kanoyesko</a> thagarendar Shankal le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farsiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farsiya (pagină inexistentă)">farsikaneske</a> thagareske Behram Gur (po 5-to shelbersh AD). </p><p>Neve rodimata (Masitsa, 1991:221) fal te arakhen ke nay shaypen te avel kadya. e Romani chhib si yekh nevi indo-ariyani chhib. Sostar? Si la duy linga (murshikano tay dzhuvlikano). dzhi pretele o bersh 1000 sa e indo-ariyanikane chhiba (navyarne mashkarutne) sas len trin linga (murshikano, dzhuvlikano tay nevtro). Palal kodya e neutre kerden pen murshikane, ama sira lava kerden pen dzhuvlikane, sar misalake अग्नि (<i>agni</i>) pe purani indo-ariyani, याग् (<i>yag</i>) andi Romani, आग (aag) pe hindi. Kadya si vi pe Romani chhib (ama dikh kado: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://dl.dropbox.com/u/21280621/Pub/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD.%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%20%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC.pdf">[1]</a> – pe rusicko chhib). </p><p>Kana le romenge phure telyarden palal o bersh 1000, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanko_le_Rejosko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanko le Rejosko (pagină inexistentă)">Yanko le Redzhosko</a> (vay o Ian Hankock) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://radoc.net/">[2]</a> ke godisarel von sas andar le radzhputa so marden ando kodo vaxt le <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xoraxano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xoraxano (pagină inexistentă)">xoraxanurensa</a>. Mashkar e bersha 1001 tay 1026 AD, e xoraxaya (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afghano (pagină inexistentă)">afghanurya</a> tay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turk (pagină inexistentă)">turkurya</a>), dzhangle sar Gaznavidurya, avilen kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sind (pagină inexistentă)">Sind</a> tay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjab (pagină inexistentă)">Pandzhab</a> tay marden deshtueftavar le hindustanurensa tay peravden lenge <a href="/wiki/Them" title="Them">thema</a> vi forurya. E <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajput&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajput (pagină inexistentă)">Radzhputa</a> (<i>Rayenge Chave</i>) sas <a href="/wiki/Rekshan" title="Rekshan">Rekshoriya</a> (<i>soldiers</i>) andar verver <i>Dzhati</i> (caste) kidine te maren le xoraxanensa. Von gelen ando maripen le lenge dzhuvlensa tay shavensa vi but aver manusha te lacharen lenge butya, te anen tay keren xaben vi aver Dzhutimata. </p><p>I romani chhib shay te avel andar e chhiba phende katar le Radzhputa. Si la lava so miyazon e lava le chhibenge andar sa o Nordutno Tay Mashkarutno Subbarodvip. Si la but lava po maripen: <i>bust</i> (<i>spear</i> andi anglizikani chhib), <i>patava</i> (<i>gaiters</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Xanro" title="Xanro">Xanro</a></i> (<i>sword</i>), <i>tover</i> (<i>axe</i>). O lav le manushenge so chi si roma, <i>Gadzhe</i> avel andar <i>Gadzha</i> (<i>civilian</i>, <i>domestic</i>, <i>non-military</i>), yekh prakritikano lav. Aver nav, <i>das</i> si vi andar i prakitikani chhib (<i>slave</i>, <i>captive</i>, <i>enemy</i>), vi <i>Goro</i> (<i>parne muyasa</i> vi <i>slave</i>). </p><p>Sar von telyarden? Vi kathe si sira dzhanglimata. Yekh Radzhputikano Dzhati, <a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">e bandzhara</a>, mothoden sar but lendar gelen ko oksidento ando kodo vaxt. Vi si dzhanglo ke but hindustanurya sas phandavde le xorxanendar tay tradine ando akanutno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afganistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afganistan (pagină inexistentă)">Afganistan</a> tay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkarutni_Asiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashkarutni Asiya (pagină inexistentă)">Mashkarutni Asiya</a>. Kodola xoraxaya phenden but chhibya, ama e prindzhardi sas i farsikani. I romani si la but Farsikane lava tay 80% lendar si vi andi urdu chhib. Urdu si i indo-ariaynikani chhib le muslimanurenge ando Subbardodvip (but lendar aven andar le phandavne hindustanurendar). Palal so e aver muslimanurya, e Seldzhikurya, marden le Gaznaviduren ando bersh 1038, von marden vi i Armeniya ando 1071. Atunshi tradine but phandavde le lenge familiyensa andi Oriyentalutni Anatoliya. </p><p>I romani chhib si la but Yelenikani (Greshikani) tay armenikane lava. Yekto le romenge phure beshlen andi Armeniya tay palal kodya ando Bisantino Thagaripen. Andi Armeniya von arakhlen o Kristiyanismo. Lava sar <i>xanamik</i>, <i>Patradzhi</i> aven andar i armenikani chhib. </p><p>O Ian Hankock godisarel so ando Bisantino Thagaripen kerdilyas i romani chhib andar sa e indo-ariyanikane chhibya shirdipenastar. I Yelenikani chhib (le thagaripnaski chhib) si la duyto vastnipen (pashal e indo-ariyanikane chhiba) ando romani chhibyako kerdipen. Si but lava vi gramatikane elementurya (sufiksurya sar: <i>-os</i>, <i>-is</i>, <i>-mos</i>, <i>-mata</i>, <i>-me(n)</i>, <i>–as</i>, <i>-is</i>, <i>-isar-</i>). </p><p>So phenen e romane lava pe romenge phure? Lava sar <i>Kher</i>, <i>Udar</i>, <i>Gav</i>, <i>thagar</i>, <i>Bal</i>, <i>khayini</i>si indo-ariyane tay sikaven e phure shi sas phirutne dzhene po shirdipen. E lava le butenge so dikhen o phiripen si andar i Anatoliya: <i>Grast</i>, <i>Char</i> (te pravaren e grasta) si andar i armenikani, <i>vurdon</i> andar i Kurdikani, <i>drom</i>, <i>petalo</i> andar i Yelenikani. Kadala butya avilen vastne (importanto) andi Anatoliya tay kothar line lava te navyaren len. Vi e metalenge butya sas siklile andi Anatoliya. Le nava le metalenge si Yelenikani (bi <i>o somnekay', </i>o rup<i>, tay </i>o sastri<i> so si indo-ariyane), vi le nava le labnenge te kerel buty le metalensa (sar </i>karfin<i> ...).</i> </p><p>Ando 13-to shelbersh but roma gelen andi Evropa, avilen ande sa e thema la Evropake, palal kodya andi Amerika, Afrika, Avustraliya. Kana e roma sas xulavde but diyalekturya la romani chhibyake inklen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_akanutni_chhib">I akanutni chhib</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editisar o kotor: I akanutni chhib" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: I akanutni chhib"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Chitro:Romany_dialects_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Romany_dialects_Europe.svg/300px-Romany_dialects_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Romany_dialects_Europe.svg/450px-Romany_dialects_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Romany_dialects_Europe.svg/600px-Romany_dialects_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Akana le diyalekturya si len but lava andar le gadzhikane vhibya tay avel nishte gramatikane ververimata. Vi si but roma so chi may phenen i chhib. </p><p>Po akademikano nivo, varekon phenen si yek chhib but diyalekturensa vi varekon phenen si mai but chhibya. Kon phenen si yek chhib sikaven lako ander so si ande sa e dialekturya. Mai sikaven la <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropake</a> chhibya sar i italiyanikani, i germanikani tay but aver si si len diyalekturya. Lenge vakyarne chi xatyaren mishto yek avreste tay trebun te den duma pi standardikani chhib. I diskusia shay si la politikane phandimata. Sar andi <a href="/wiki/Jermaniya" title="Jermaniya">Dzhermaniya</a>, kay, palal o gogipen <i>divide et impera</i> (xulav tay xulayar), o guverno fal les mishto te arakhel duy sela (nasiye), Roma tay Sinti. </p><p>But vaxt e romane diyalekturya sas rigyarde ande <i>vlax</i> tay <i>bivlax</i>. Bernard Gillad Smith kerdyas yekto kadya ando 1915 ando lil <i>The Report on the Gypsy Tribes on North-East Bulgaria</i>. </p><p>E vlax diyalekturya si le romenge so beshen but vaxt po rumunikano phuv tay si len but lava la rumunikane chhibyatar. </p><p>Shirindoy le bershesa 1982, o Marcel Courthiade, lekhlyas nishte artikolurya kay sikavel aver shaytnipen te rigyarel e dialekturya. Vov dikhel ande ververipen le diyalekturenge trin straturya. </p><p>Yekto si o strato le mai purane diyalekturenge: <i>mechkari</i>, <i>kabudzhi</i>, <i>xanduri</i>, <i>drindari</i>, <i>erli</i>, <i>bugurdzhi</i>, <i>mahadzheri</i>, <i>ursari</i> (<i>rićhinari</i>), <i>spoitori</i> (<i>[[Xoraxane Roma]</i>), <i>karpatichi</i>, <i>Polaniya Roma</i>, <i>Kale</i> (Finlandeske Roma), <i>Sinte-Manush</i> diyalekturya. </p><p>Po duyto si e diyalekturya: <i>chergari</i>, <i>gurbeti</i>, <i>dzhambashi</i>, <i>fichiri</i>, yek kotor le diyalekturenge navne <i>vlax</i> andi Rumuniya tay Bulgariya. </p><p>Vi ando trinto strato si: <i>kalderash</i>, <i>lovari</i>, <i>machvano</i>. </p><p>Yek tabelo le ververimatensa: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Yekto strato</b> </td> <td><b>Duyto strato</b> </td> <td><b>Trinto strato</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>phirdom, phirdyom <p>phirdyum, phirdzhum </p> </td> <td>phirdem </td> <td>phirdem </td></tr> <tr> <td>guglipe(n)/guglipa <p>guglibe(n)/gugliba </p> </td> <td>guglipe(n)/guglipa <p>guglibe(n)/gugliba </p> </td> <td>guglimos </td></tr> <tr> <td>pani <p>khoni </p><p>kuni </p> </td> <td>pay, payi <p>koy, koyi </p><p>kuy, kuyi </p> </td> <td>pay, payi <p>koy, koyi </p><p>kuy, kuyi </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chhib </td> <td>shib </td> <td>shib </td></tr> <tr> <td>dzheno </td> <td>zheno </td> <td>zheno </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Thai ande Marcel Courthiadeske klasifikasiya vi aven e pogadiyalekturya (navyarde kadya palal o diyalekto <i>pogadi</i> andar i <a href="/wiki/Bari_Britaniya" title="Bari Britaniya">Bari Britaniya</a>). Kadala kerdile andar i gadzhikani gramantika tay lava (andar o them kay kodole roma beshen) tay nishte romane lava. Pogadialekturya si vi andi <a href="/wiki/Spaniya" title="Spaniya">Spaniya</a> (<i>kalo</i>), <a href="/wiki/Norvejiya" title="Norvejiya">Norvedzhiya</a> (<i>scandoromani</i>) tay but aver.Dikh vi le <a href="/wiki/Chhiba_le_Romenge" title="Chhiba le Romenge">Chhiba le Romenge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhibyaki_Shtandardisasiya">Chhibyaki Shtandardisasiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editisar o kotor: Chhibyaki Shtandardisasiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Chhibyaki Shtandardisasiya"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dikh vi: <a href="/wiki/Standardizuimi_Romani_chib" title="Standardizuimi Romani chib">Standardizuimi Romani chhib</a> vay <a href="/wiki/Standardizuyimi_Romani_qhib_(Selahetin_Kruezi)" title="Standardizuyimi Romani qhib (Selahetin Kruezi)">Standardizuimi Romani chhib (Selahetin Kruezi)</a> </p><p>Yek shtandardisasiyako zumavipen kerdivel ande shkole Rumuniyake. Kothe, o Gheorghe Sarău kerel pustika (lila) tay lavustika (diksionarya), te Dzhutisaren o siklyaripen la romane chhibyako le <a href="/wiki/Chave" title="Chave">Chavengre</a> so dzhanen vay na e chhib familiyatar. Vov respektisarel le Marsel Courthiadeske rodimatenge (ke si trin straturya la romane chhibyake tay ke nay yek chachi vlax romani chhib/diyalekto) tay lenge zumavimata te kerel yek Shtandarduni Chhib pashal i purani Chhib. </p><p>Te kerel shtandardisasia,te avel yekh "shudzhi" chhib, sas alosarde indo-ariyane gramatikane elementurya vi lava andar verver romane dialekturya. Kana si may but forme ande dialekturya alosardyovel kodoya so si may pasharni la purane formate (<i>byav</i> feder sar <i>abyav</i>, <i>abyau</i>, <i>akana</i> sar <i>akanak</i>, <i>chhib</i> sar <i>shib</i>, <i>shunav</i> sar <i>ashunau</i> vai <i>ashunav</i>, <i>pes</i> tay <i>pen</i> sar <i>pe</i>). Vi e purane gramatikane elementurya si Zutime (<i>bareder</i> feder sar <i>may baro</i>, yekhto te avel i pashnavni thai palal kodya i navni). </p><p>Kana si shayutnipen, andar e purane lava si navne e neve butya: <i>xuryavno</i> (<i>airplane</i> andi englizikani chhib), <i>vortorin</i> (<i>slide rule</i>), <i>palpaledikhipnasko</i> (<i>retrospectively</i>), <i>pashnavni</i> (<i>adjective</i>). But neolodzhismurya si andar i rumunikani chhib sar <i>Vermeya</i> (<i>weather</i>, <i>time</i>), <i>primariya</i> (<i>town hall</i>), <i>frishka</i> (<i>cream</i>), <i>sfinto</i> (<i>saint</i>, <i>holy</i>). Kana shay te avel, yekh romani indo-ariyani forma si labyardi ando than le avere forme (<i>murravno</i> feder sar <i>frizero</i>, <i>chingar</i> sar <i>skandalo</i>, <i>dabarel</i> sar <i>chitisarel</i>). Si andine neolodzhismurya thay andar i hindikani chhib sar <i>bidzhli</i> (<i>bulb</i>, <i>electricity</i>), <i>viram</i> (<i>dot</i>, <i>point</i>), <i>lekhipen</i> (<i>writing</i>) vi andar i englizikani chhib (<i>printisarel</i>, <i>Prezidento</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chhibakire_Atitudura">Chhibakire Atitudura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editisar o kotor: Chhibakire Atitudura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Chhibakire Atitudura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sar o Rromano sundal si zorales buhliardo, si trebalno te dzhanas ame ke si mai but atituduria vai ginduria mashkar el Rromende karing o pushiben el Rromania chhibiako. Vuni Rroma mothovena ke nai lacho te avel i Rromani chhib sikliardi katar el Gadzhe, thay vi ke ci trebal te sikliarel pes nic and-e shkole. Von mangen te avel (vay te achel) i Rromani chhib dzhekh <a href="/wiki/Garavdi_chib" title="Garavdi chib">garavdi chib</a>. Ando aver vast si yekh verver gindo vai atitudo kai phenel ke si lachi buchi te avel i Rromani chhib vakiardi mai but and-e savorre thana, thay te dezvoltisarel pes vi yekh zuravdi Rromani literatura, so mai but Rroma hramosarindoi mai but shukar Rromane gilia, lila, paramiciaqe pustika, videouria thai kadea mai dur. </p><p>El chhibiakire atituduria si zorales phandle kel chhibiakire ideologiuria. Yekh ansamblo el chhibiakire atituduriengo kerel yekh chhibiakiri ideologia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vi_dikh">Vi dikh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editisar o kotor: Vi dikh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vi dikh"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romano_lekhipen" title="Romano lekhipen">Romano lekhipen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiba_le_romenge" title="Chiba le romenge">Chiba le romenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valshenengi_Romani_chhib" title="Valshenengi Romani chhib">Valshenengi Romani chhib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zargai_Romani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zargai Romani (pagină inexistentă)">Zargai Romani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avrutne_phandimata">Avrutne phandimata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editisar o kotor: Avrutne phandimata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Avrutne phandimata"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413091137/http://romaniprojekt.uni-graz.at/">Romani project@Karl-Franzens-University ando Graz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radoc.net/">O Yanko le Redzosko (Ian Hankock) thovdyas kathe nishte lekhimata leske</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111074722/http://modersmal.skolutveckling.se/romska/lovari/pa_tema_daki_sib.htm">I daki chhib</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031013041005/http://www.geocities.com/webromany/">I romani chhib andi Europa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307155727/http://www.freewebs.com/flarenuke/romanikybrd.zip">Ekh Romano keyboard (zip)</a> mar Caps Lock te paruvel pes o lekhavipen (Devnagari thay Latinikano)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630065838/http://www.dundjer.co.rs/recnik/?site=rmy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRomani_chib">web romengo-dasikani alavari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografiya">Bibliografiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editisar o kotor: Bibliografiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editisar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografiya"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hancock, Ian - <i>Ame sam e rromane dzene / We are the Romani People</i>, The Open Society Institute, New York, 2001</li> <li>Masica, Colin, - <i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i>, Cambridge: The University Press, 1991</li> <li>Sarău, Gheorghe - <i>Rromii, India și limba rromani</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bukureshti" title="Bukureshti">Bukureshti</a>, 1997</li> <li>Sarău, Gheorghe - <i>Dicționar rrom-român / Dikcionaro rromano-rumunikano</i>, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 2000</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lino katar "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&oldid=55593">https://rmy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romani_chib&oldid=55593</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Uzalutno:Categorii" title="Uzalutno:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shopni:Romani_chhib" title="Shopni:Romani chhib">Romani chhib</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shopni:Mashkarutne_Indo-Aryane_chhiba" title="Shopni:Mashkarutne Indo-Aryane chhiba">Mashkarutne Indo-Aryane chhiba</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> O palutno paruvipen 17:31, 14 deshtonai 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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