CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Demethylase - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"66c334be-fec1-4539-ab4f-1034bd48197e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Demethylase","wgTitle":"Demethylase","wgCurRevisionId":1188199430,"wgRevisionId":1188199430,"wgArticleId":9136330,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EC 3.1.1","EC 1.14.11","EC 1.5.8","Signal transduction"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Demethylase","wgRelevantArticleId":9136330,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2531584","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Demethylase - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylase"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylase"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Demethylase rootpage-Demethylase skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Demethylase" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Demethylase" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Demethylase" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Demethylase" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Histone_lysine_demethylation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histone_lysine_demethylation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Histone lysine demethylation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histone_lysine_demethylation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ester_demethylation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ester_demethylation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ester demethylation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ester_demethylation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Demethylase</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetilaza" title="Demetilaza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Demetilaza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%ED%99%94%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="탈메틸화효소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈메틸화효소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetilasi" title="Demetilasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demetilasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demethylase" title="Demethylase – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Demethylase" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetylase" title="Demetylase – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Demetylase" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2531584#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demethylase" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Demethylase" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demethylase"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Demethylase"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Demethylase" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Demethylase" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&oldid=1188199430" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Demethylase&id=1188199430&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDemethylase"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDemethylase"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Demethylase&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2531584" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Enzymes that remove methyl (CH3-) groups from nucleic acids</div> <p><b>Demethylases</b> are <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a> that remove <a href="/wiki/Methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl">methyl</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>) groups from <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">nucleic acids</a>, proteins (particularly <a href="/wiki/Histone" title="Histone">histones</a>), and other molecules. Demethylases are important <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetic</a> proteins, as they are responsible for <a href="/wiki/Transcriptional_regulation" title="Transcriptional regulation">transcriptional regulation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> by controlling the <a href="/wiki/Methylation" title="Methylation">methylation</a> of DNA and histones, and by extension, the <a href="/wiki/Chromatin" title="Chromatin">chromatin</a> state at specific <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> loci. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histone_lysine_demethylation">Histone lysine demethylation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Histone lysine demethylation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysine_demethylation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lysine_demethylation.svg/400px-Lysine_demethylation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lysine_demethylation.svg/600px-Lysine_demethylation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lysine_demethylation.svg/800px-Lysine_demethylation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Lysine demethylatiuon mechanisms of histone lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A) and the JmjC-domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (JHDMs). Both mechanisms involve the oxidation of a methyl group (with <a href="/wiki/FAD" class="mw-redirect" title="FAD">FAD</a> or <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-ketoglutarate" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-ketoglutarate">α-ketoglutarate</a> as cofactors) followed by the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>. The mechanism of KDM1A and KDM1B is dependent on the formation of an iminium intermediate and therefore they may only demethylate mono- and dimethylated lysine substrates. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Histone_methylation" title="Histone methylation">Histone methylation</a> was initially considered an effectively irreversible process as the half-life of the histone methylation was approximately equal to the histone half-life.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Histone lysine demethylase LSD1 (later classified as KDM1A) was first identified in 2004 as a nuclear amine oxidase homolog.<sup id="cite_ref-shi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two main classes of histone lysine demethylases exist, defined by their mechanisms: <a href="/wiki/Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Flavin adenine dinucleotide">flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)</a>-dependent <a href="/wiki/Amine_oxidase" title="Amine oxidase">amine oxidases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent_hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase">α-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases</a>. </p><p>Histone lysine demethylases possess a variety of <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a> that are responsible for histone recognition, DNA binding, methylated <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> substrate binding and catalytic activity. These include: </p> <ul><li>FAD-dependent amine oxidase domains containing the active catalytic site of KDM1</li> <li>Jumonji-C domains containing the active catalytic site of KDM2 through KDM8<sup id="cite_ref-MOS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aprelikova_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aprelikova-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jumonji-N domains responsible for Jumonji-C domain conformation stability</li> <li>SWIRM (SWI3P, RSC8P and Moira) domains proposed as an anchor site for histone substrates and responsible for <a href="/wiki/Chromatin" title="Chromatin">chromatin</a> stability</li> <li>PHD, CXXC and C5HC2 <a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">zinc finger</a> domains responsible for histone recognition and binding</li></ul><p> Histone lysine demethylases are classified according to their domains and unique substrate specificities. The lysine substrates and identified according to their position in the corresponding histone amino acid sequence and methylation state (for example, H3K9me3 refers to trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9.) </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jmjd2a(2UXX)_with_domains_highlighted.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png/220px-Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png/330px-Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png/440px-Jmjd2a%282UXX%29_with_domains_highlighted.png 2x" data-file-width="3550" data-file-height="4220" /></a><figcaption>Structure of JmJDA (coordinates from PDB file:2UXX); Some domains from above are highlighted: JmJ(N-terminus, red; C-terminus, yellow), Zinc finger domain (light purple), Beta-hairpin (light blue), and mixed domain linker (green).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png/220px-Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png/330px-Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png/440px-Lysine_specific_demethylase_1.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Structure of KDM1A (coordinates from PDB file:2Z5U)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><b>KDM1</b></dt> <dd>The KDM1 homologs include <a href="/wiki/KDM1A" title="KDM1A">KDM1A</a> and <a href="/wiki/KDM1B" title="KDM1B">KDM1B</a>. KDM1A demethylates H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, and KDM1B emethylates H3K4me1/2. KDM1 activity is critical to <a href="/wiki/Embryogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryogenesis">embryogenesis</a> and tissue-specific <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">differentiation</a>, as well as oocyte growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deletion of the gene for KDM1A can have effects on the growth and differentiation of <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic stem cells">embryonic stem cells</a> and is universally lethal in <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout mice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KDM1A gene expression is observed to be upregulated in some cancers,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so KDM1A inhibition has therefore been considered a possible epigenetic treatment for cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:KDM1B, however, is mostly involved in <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocyte</a> development. Deletion of this gene leads to <a href="/wiki/Maternal_effect" title="Maternal effect">maternal effect</a> lethality in mice.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orthologs of KDM1 in <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">D. melanogaster</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">C. elegans</a></i> appear to function similarly to KDM1B rather than KDM1A.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b>KDM2</b></dt> <dd>The KDM2 homologs include <a href="/wiki/KDM2A" title="KDM2A">KDM2A</a> and <a href="/wiki/KDM2B" title="KDM2B">KDM2B</a>. KDM2A and KDM2B demethylate H3K4me3 and H3K36me2/3. KDM2A has roles in either promoting or inhibiting tumor function, and KDM2B has roles in <a href="/wiki/Oncogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncogenesis">oncogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KDM2A and KDM2B possess CXXC zinc finger domains responsible for binding to unmethylated CpG islands, and it is believed that they may bind to many gene regulatory elements in the absence of sequence-specific transcription factors.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:Overexpressed KDM2B has been observed in human <a href="/wiki/Lymphomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphomas">lymphoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenocarcinomas">adenocarcinoma</a>, and underexpressed KDM2B has been observed in human prostate cancer and glioblastoma. KDM2B has been additionally shown to prevent <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">senescence</a> in some cells through <a href="/wiki/Ectopic_expression" title="Ectopic expression">ectopic expression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b>KDM3</b></dt> <dd>The KDM3 homologs include <a href="/wiki/KDM3A" title="KDM3A">KDM3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM3B" title="KDM3B">KDM3B</a> and <a href="/wiki/JMJD1C" title="JMJD1C">KDM3C</a>. KDM3A, KDM3B and KDM3C demethylate H3K9me1/2. KDM3A has roles in <a href="/wiki/Spermatogenesis" title="Spermatogenesis">spermatogenesis</a> and metabolic functions, however, the activity of KDM3B and KDM3C are not specifically known.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:Knockdown studies of KDM3A in mice resulted in male infertility and adult onset-obesity. Additional studies have indicated that KDM3A may play a role in regulation of androgen receptor-dependent genes as well as genes involved in <a href="/wiki/Pluripotent" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluripotent">pluripotency</a>, indicating a potential role for KDM3A in tumorigenesis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b>KDM4</b></dt> <dd>The KDM4 homologs include <a href="/wiki/KDM4A" title="KDM4A">KDM4A</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM4B" title="KDM4B">KDM4B</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM4C" title="KDM4C">KDM4C</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM4D" title="KDM4D">KDM4D</a>, KDM4E and KDM4F. KDM4A, KDM4B and KDM4C demethylate H3K9me2/3, H3K9me3 and H3K36me2/3, and KDM4D, KDM4E and KDM4F demethylate H3K9me2/3. KDM4A, KDM4B, KDM4C and KDM4D have roles in <a href="/wiki/Tumorigenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumorigenesis">tumorigenesis</a>, however, the activity of KDM4E and KDM4F are not specifically known..<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KDM4B upregulation has bee observed in medulloblastoma, and KDM4C amplification has been documented in oesophageal squamous carcinoma, medulloblastoma and breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other gene expression data has also suggested KDM4A, KDM4B, and KDM4C are overexpressed in prostate cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b>KDM5</b></dt> <dd>The KDM5 homologs includes <a href="/wiki/KDM5A" title="KDM5A">KDM5A</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM5B" class="mw-redirect" title="KDM5B">KDM5B</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM5C" title="KDM5C">KDM5C</a> and <a href="/wiki/KDM5D" title="KDM5D">KDM5D</a>. KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C and KDM5D demethylate H3K4me2/3.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KDM5 family appears to regulate key developmental functions, including cellular differentiation, <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondrial</a> function and <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a> progression.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KDM5B and KDM5C have also shown to interaction with PcG proteins, which are involved in transcriptional repression. KDM5C mutations on the X-chromosome have also been observed in patients with <a href="/wiki/X-linked" class="mw-redirect" title="X-linked">X-linked</a> intellectual disability.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depletion of KDM5C homologs in <i><a href="/wiki/D._rerio" class="mw-redirect" title="D. rerio">D. rerio</a></i> have shown brain-patterning defects and neuronal cell death.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><b>KDM6</b></dt> <dd>The KDM6 family includes <a href="/wiki/KDM6A" class="mw-redirect" title="KDM6A">KDM6A</a>, <a href="/wiki/KDM6B" title="KDM6B">KDM6B</a> and <a href="/wiki/UTY_(gene)" title="UTY (gene)">KDM6C</a>. KDM6A and KDM6B demethylate H3K27me2/3, and KDM4C demethylates H3K27me3. KDM6A and KDM6B possess tumor-suppressive characteristics. KDM6A knockdowns in <a href="/wiki/Fibroblast" title="Fibroblast">fibroblasts</a> lead to an immediate increase in fibroblast population. KDM6B expressed in fibroblasts induces oncogenes of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Point mutations of KDM6A have been identified as one cause of <a href="/wiki/Kabuki_syndrome" title="Kabuki syndrome">Kabuki syndrome</a>, a congenital disorder resulting in intellectual disability.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deletion of KDM6A in <i><a href="/wiki/D._rerio" class="mw-redirect" title="D. rerio">D. rerio</a></i> results in decreased expression of HOX genes, which play a role in regulating <a href="/wiki/Regional_specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional specification">body patterning</a> during development.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mammalian studies, KDM6A has been shown to regulate HOX genes as well.<sup id="cite_ref-agg_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agg-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutation of KDM5B disrupt gonad development in <i>C.elegans</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-agg_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agg-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies have shown that KDM6B expression is upregulated in activated <a href="/wiki/Macrophages" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophages">macrophages</a> and dynamically expressed during differentiation of <a href="/wiki/Stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cells">stem cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ester_demethylation">Ester demethylation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ester demethylation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1a2o_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1a2o_structure.png/220px-1a2o_structure.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1a2o_structure.png/330px-1a2o_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1a2o_structure.png/440px-1a2o_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Cartoon representation of the molecular structure of protein registered with 1A2O pdb code.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another example of a demethylase is <a href="/wiki/Protein-glutamate_methylesterase" title="Protein-glutamate methylesterase">protein-glutamate methylesterase</a>, also known as CheB protein (EC 3.1.1.61), which demethylates MCPs (<b>m</b>ethyl-accepting <b>c</b>hemotaxis <b>p</b>roteins) through hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds. The association of a <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a> receptor with an agonist leads to the phosphorylation of CheB. Phosphorylation of CheB protein enhances its catalytic MCP demethylating activity resulting in adaption of the cell to environmental stimuli.<sup id="cite_ref-Vla_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vla-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCPs respond to extracellular attractants and repellents in bacteria like <i><a href="/wiki/E._coli" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli">E. coli</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a> regulation. CheB is more specifically termed a <a href="/wiki/Esterase" title="Esterase">methylesterase</a>, as it removes methyl groups from <a href="/wiki/Methylglutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylglutamate">methylglutamate</a> residues located on the MCPs through hydrolysis, producing <a href="/wiki/Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate">glutamate</a> accompanied by the release of <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CheB is of particular interest to researchers as it may be a therapeutic target for mitigating the spread of bacterial infections.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemotaxis_Regulation_within_E._coli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Chemotaxis_Regulation_within_E._coli.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Chemotaxis signalling. Chemoattractants or repellents are sensed by transmembrane receptors. Note the role of CheB (B) in demethylation of MCP receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-Vla_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vla-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">Chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esterase" title="Esterase">Esterase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylase">Methylase</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ped-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ped_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPedersenHelin2010" class="citation journal cs1">Pedersen MT, Helin K (Nov 2010). "Histone demethylases in development and disease". <i>Trends in Cell Biology</i>. <b>20</b> (11): 662–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tcb.2010.08.011">10.1016/j.tcb.2010.08.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20863703">20863703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Histone+demethylases+in+development+and+disease&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=662-71&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tcb.2010.08.011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20863703&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=MT&rft.au=Helin%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shi_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiLanMatsonMulligan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Shi Y, Lan F, Matson C, Mulligan P, Whetstine JR, Cole PA, Casero RA, Shi Y (Dec 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2004.12.012">"Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>119</b> (7): 941–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2004.12.012">10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.012</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15620353">15620353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Histone+demethylation+mediated+by+the+nuclear+amine+oxidase+homolog+LSD1&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=941-53&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2004.12.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15620353&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Lan%2C+F&rft.au=Matson%2C+C&rft.au=Mulligan%2C+P&rft.au=Whetstine%2C+JR&rft.au=Cole%2C+PA&rft.au=Casero%2C+RA&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2004.12.012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosammaparastShi2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mosammaparast N, Shi Y (2010). "Reversal of histone methylation: biochemical and molecular mechanisms of histone demethylases". <i>Annual Review of Biochemistry</i>. <b>79</b>: 155–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.78.070907.103946">10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.070907.103946</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20373914">20373914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+histone+methylation%3A+biochemical+and+molecular+mechanisms+of+histone+demethylases&rft.volume=79&rft.pages=155-79&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.78.070907.103946&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20373914&rft.aulast=Mosammaparast&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aprelikova-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aprelikova_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAprelikovaChenEl_TounyBrignatz-Guittard2016" class="citation journal cs1">Aprelikova O, Chen K, El Touny LH, Brignatz-Guittard C, Han J, Qiu T, Yang HH, Lee MP, Zhu M, Green JE (Apr 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831179">"The epigenetic modifier JMJD6 is amplified in mammary tumors and cooperates with c-Myc to enhance cellular transformation, tumor progression, and metastasis"</a>. <i>Clin Epigenetics</i>. <b>8</b> (38): 38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13148-016-0205-6">10.1186/s13148-016-0205-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831179">4831179</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27081402">27081402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Epigenetics&rft.atitle=The+epigenetic+modifier+JMJD6+is+amplified+in+mammary+tumors+and+cooperates+with+c-Myc+to+enhance+cellular+transformation%2C+tumor+progression%2C+and+metastasis&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4831179%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27081402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13148-016-0205-6&rft.aulast=Aprelikova&rft.aufirst=O&rft.au=Chen%2C+K&rft.au=El+Touny%2C+LH&rft.au=Brignatz-Guittard%2C+C&rft.au=Han%2C+J&rft.au=Qiu%2C+T&rft.au=Yang%2C+HH&rft.au=Lee%2C+MP&rft.au=Zhu%2C+M&rft.au=Green%2C+JE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4831179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangHeviKurashLei2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wang J, Hevi S, Kurash JK, Lei H, Gay F, Bajko J, Su H, Sun W, Chang H, Xu G, Gaudet F, Li E, Chen T (Jan 2009). "The lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1) is required for maintenance of global DNA methylation". <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 125–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.268">10.1038/ng.268</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19098913">19098913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2010695">2010695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+lysine+demethylase+LSD1+%28KDM1%29+is+required+for+maintenance+of+global+DNA+methylation&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-9&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2010695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19098913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.268&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Hevi%2C+S&rft.au=Kurash%2C+JK&rft.au=Lei%2C+H&rft.au=Gay%2C+F&rft.au=Bajko%2C+J&rft.au=Su%2C+H&rft.au=Sun%2C+W&rft.au=Chang%2C+H&rft.au=Xu%2C+G&rft.au=Gaudet%2C+F&rft.au=Li%2C+E&rft.au=Chen%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangScullyZhuCai2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wang J, Scully K, Zhu X, Cai L, Zhang J, Prefontaine GG, Krones A, Ohgi KA, Zhu P, Garcia-Bassets I, Liu F, Taylor H, Lozach J, Jayes FL, Korach KS, Glass CK, Fu XD, Rosenfeld MG (Apr 2007). "Opposing LSD1 complexes function in developmental gene activation and repression programmes". <i>Nature</i>. <b>446</b> (7138): 882–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.446..882W">2007Natur.446..882W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05671">10.1038/nature05671</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17392792">17392792</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4387240">4387240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Opposing+LSD1+complexes+function+in+developmental+gene+activation+and+repression+programmes&rft.volume=446&rft.issue=7138&rft.pages=882-7&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05671&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4387240%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17392792&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.446..882W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Scully%2C+K&rft.au=Zhu%2C+X&rft.au=Cai%2C+L&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J&rft.au=Prefontaine%2C+GG&rft.au=Krones%2C+A&rft.au=Ohgi%2C+KA&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P&rft.au=Garcia-Bassets%2C+I&rft.au=Liu%2C+F&rft.au=Taylor%2C+H&rft.au=Lozach%2C+J&rft.au=Jayes%2C+FL&rft.au=Korach%2C+KS&rft.au=Glass%2C+CK&rft.au=Fu%2C+XD&rft.au=Rosenfeld%2C+MG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahlGullottiHeukampWolf2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kahl P, Gullotti L, Heukamp LC, Wolf S, Friedrichs N, Vorreuther R, Solleder G, Bastian PJ, Ellinger J, Metzger E, Schüle R, Buettner R (Dec 2006). "Androgen receptor coactivators lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 and four and a half LIM domain protein 2 predict risk of prostate cancer recurrence". <i>Cancer Research</i>. <b>66</b> (23): 11341–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-06-1570">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1570</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17145880">17145880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Androgen+receptor+coactivators+lysine-specific+histone+demethylase+1+and+four+and+a+half+LIM+domain+protein+2+predict+risk+of+prostate+cancer+recurrence&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=11341-7&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-06-1570&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17145880&rft.aulast=Kahl&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Gullotti%2C+L&rft.au=Heukamp%2C+LC&rft.au=Wolf%2C+S&rft.au=Friedrichs%2C+N&rft.au=Vorreuther%2C+R&rft.au=Solleder%2C+G&rft.au=Bastian%2C+PJ&rft.au=Ellinger%2C+J&rft.au=Metzger%2C+E&rft.au=Sch%C3%BCle%2C+R&rft.au=Buettner%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimJanzerBeckerZimmer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lim S, Janzer A, Becker A, Zimmer A, Schüle R, Buettner R, Kirfel J (Mar 2010). "Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in ER-negative breast cancers and a biomarker predicting aggressive biology". <i>Carcinogenesis</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 512–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgp324">10.1093/carcin/bgp324</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042638">20042638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Lysine-specific+demethylase+1+%28LSD1%29+is+highly+expressed+in+ER-negative+breast+cancers+and+a+biomarker+predicting+aggressive+biology&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=512-20&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgp324&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20042638&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Janzer%2C+A&rft.au=Becker%2C+A&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+A&rft.au=Sch%C3%BCle%2C+R&rft.au=Buettner%2C+R&rft.au=Kirfel%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerWissmannYinMüller2005" class="citation journal cs1">Metzger E, Wissmann M, Yin N, Müller JM, Schneider R, Peters AH, Günther T, Buettner R, Schüle R (Sep 2005). "LSD1 demethylates repressive histone marks to promote androgen-receptor-dependent transcription". <i>Nature</i>. <b>437</b> (7057): 436–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.437..436M">2005Natur.437..436M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04020">10.1038/nature04020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079795">16079795</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4308627">4308627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=LSD1+demethylates+repressive+histone+marks+to+promote+androgen-receptor-dependent+transcription&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=7057&rft.pages=436-9&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature04020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4308627%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16079795&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Natur.437..436M&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Wissmann%2C+M&rft.au=Yin%2C+N&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+JM&rft.au=Schneider%2C+R&rft.au=Peters%2C+AH&rft.au=G%C3%BCnther%2C+T&rft.au=Buettner%2C+R&rft.au=Sch%C3%BCle%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulteLimSchrammFriedrichs2009" class="citation journal cs1">Schulte JH, Lim S, Schramm A, Friedrichs N, Koster J, Versteeg R, Ora I, Pajtler K, Klein-Hitpass L, Kuhfittig-Kulle S, Metzger E, Schüle R, Eggert A, Buettner R, Kirfel J (Mar 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-08-1735">"Lysine-specific demethylase 1 is strongly expressed in poorly differentiated neuroblastoma: implications for therapy"</a>. <i>Cancer Research</i>. <b>69</b> (5): 2065–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-08-1735">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1735</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223552">19223552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Lysine-specific+demethylase+1+is+strongly+expressed+in+poorly+differentiated+neuroblastoma%3A+implications+for+therapy&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2065-71&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-08-1735&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19223552&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.au=Lim%2C+S&rft.au=Schramm%2C+A&rft.au=Friedrichs%2C+N&rft.au=Koster%2C+J&rft.au=Versteeg%2C+R&rft.au=Ora%2C+I&rft.au=Pajtler%2C+K&rft.au=Klein-Hitpass%2C+L&rft.au=Kuhfittig-Kulle%2C+S&rft.au=Metzger%2C+E&rft.au=Sch%C3%BCle%2C+R&rft.au=Eggert%2C+A&rft.au=Buettner%2C+R&rft.au=Kirfel%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1158%252F0008-5472.CAN-08-1735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangZhangChenSun2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wang Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Sun Y, Yang F, Yu W, Liang J, Sun L, Yang X, Shi L, Li R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Yi X, Shang Y (Aug 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2009.05.050">"LSD1 is a subunit of the NuRD complex and targets the metastasis programs in breast cancer"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>138</b> (4): 660–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2009.05.050">10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.050</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703393">19703393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=LSD1+is+a+subunit+of+the+NuRD+complex+and+targets+the+metastasis+programs+in+breast+cancer&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=660-72&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2009.05.050&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19703393&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Zhang%2C+H&rft.au=Chen%2C+Y&rft.au=Sun%2C+Y&rft.au=Yang%2C+F&rft.au=Yu%2C+W&rft.au=Liang%2C+J&rft.au=Sun%2C+L&rft.au=Yang%2C+X&rft.au=Shi%2C+L&rft.au=Li%2C+R&rft.au=Li%2C+Y&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Y&rft.au=Li%2C+Q&rft.au=Yi%2C+X&rft.au=Shang%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2009.05.050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCicconeSuHeviGay2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ciccone DN, Su H, Hevi S, Gay F, Lei H, Bajko J, Xu G, Li E, Chen T (Sep 2009). "KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal genomic imprints". <i>Nature</i>. <b>461</b> (7262): 415–8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.461..415C">2009Natur.461..415C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08315">10.1038/nature08315</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727073">19727073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1143128">1143128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=KDM1B+is+a+histone+H3K4+demethylase+required+to+establish+maternal+genomic+imprints&rft.volume=461&rft.issue=7262&rft.pages=415-8&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08315&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1143128%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19727073&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009Natur.461..415C&rft.aulast=Ciccone&rft.aufirst=DN&rft.au=Su%2C+H&rft.au=Hevi%2C+S&rft.au=Gay%2C+F&rft.au=Lei%2C+H&rft.au=Bajko%2C+J&rft.au=Xu%2C+G&rft.au=Li%2C+E&rft.au=Chen%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolphYonezawaLeinHeidrich2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rudolph T, Yonezawa M, Lein S, Heidrich K, Kubicek S, Schäfer C, Phalke S, Walther M, Schmidt A, Jenuwein T, Reuter G (Apr 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2007.02.025">"Heterochromatin formation in Drosophila is initiated through active removal of H3K4 methylation by the LSD1 homolog SU(VAR)3-3"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 103–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2007.02.025">10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.025</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17434130">17434130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=Heterochromatin+formation+in+Drosophila+is+initiated+through+active+removal+of+H3K4+methylation+by+the+LSD1+homolog+SU%28VAR%293-3&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-15&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2007.02.025&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17434130&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Yonezawa%2C+M&rft.au=Lein%2C+S&rft.au=Heidrich%2C+K&rft.au=Kubicek%2C+S&rft.au=Sch%C3%A4fer%2C+C&rft.au=Phalke%2C+S&rft.au=Walther%2C+M&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+A&rft.au=Jenuwein%2C+T&rft.au=Reuter%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.molcel.2007.02.025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_StefanoJiMoonHerr2007" class="citation journal cs1">Di Stefano L, Ji JY, Moon NS, Herr A, Dyson N (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1909692">"Mutation of Drosophila Lsd1 disrupts H3-K4 methylation, resulting in tissue-specific defects during development"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (9): 808–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.03.068">10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.068</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1909692">1909692</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17462898">17462898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Mutation+of+Drosophila+Lsd1+disrupts+H3-K4+methylation%2C+resulting+in+tissue-specific+defects+during+development&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=808-12&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1909692%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17462898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.03.068&rft.aulast=Di+Stefano&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Ji%2C+JY&rft.au=Moon%2C+NS&rft.au=Herr%2C+A&rft.au=Dyson%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1909692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackledgeZhouTolstorukovFarcas2010" class="citation journal cs1">Blackledge NP, Zhou JC, Tolstorukov MY, Farcas AM, Park PJ, Klose RJ (Apr 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098377">"CpG islands recruit a histone H3 lysine 36 demethylase"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>38</b> (2): 179–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2010.04.009">10.1016/j.molcel.2010.04.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098377">3098377</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20417597">20417597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=CpG+islands+recruit+a+histone+H3+lysine+36+demethylase&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-90&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3098377%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20417597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2010.04.009&rft.aulast=Blackledge&rft.aufirst=NP&rft.au=Zhou%2C+JC&rft.au=Tolstorukov%2C+MY&rft.au=Farcas%2C+AM&rft.au=Park%2C+PJ&rft.au=Klose%2C+RJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3098377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeKallinTsukadaZhang2008" class="citation journal cs1">He J, Kallin EM, Tsukada Y, Zhang Y (Nov 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612995">"The H3K36 demethylase Jhdm1b/Kdm2b regulates cell proliferation and senescence through p15(Ink4b)"</a>. <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology</i>. <b>15</b> (11): 1169–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnsmb.1499">10.1038/nsmb.1499</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612995">2612995</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836456">18836456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Structural+%26+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+H3K36+demethylase+Jhdm1b%2FKdm2b+regulates+cell+proliferation+and+senescence+through+p15%28Ink4b%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1169-75&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2612995%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18836456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnsmb.1499&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Kallin%2C+EM&rft.au=Tsukada%2C+Y&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2612995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLohZhangChenGeorge2007" class="citation journal cs1">Loh YH, Zhang W, Chen X, George J, Ng HH (Oct 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2000320">"Jmjd1a and Jmjd2c histone H3 Lys 9 demethylases regulate self-renewal in embryonic stem cells"</a>. <i>Genes & Development</i>. <b>21</b> (20): 2545–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.1588207">10.1101/gad.1588207</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2000320">2000320</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17938240">17938240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Jmjd1a+and+Jmjd2c+histone+H3+Lys+9+demethylases+regulate+self-renewal+in+embryonic+stem+cells&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=2545-57&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2000320%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17938240&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.1588207&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=YH&rft.au=Zhang%2C+W&rft.au=Chen%2C+X&rft.au=George%2C+J&rft.au=Ng%2C+HH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2000320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrbrechtMüllerWolterHoischen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ehrbrecht A, Müller U, Wolter M, Hoischen A, Koch A, Radlwimmer B, Actor B, Mincheva A, Pietsch T, Lichter P, Reifenberger G, Weber RG (Mar 2006). "Comprehensive genomic analysis of desmoplastic medulloblastomas: identification of novel amplified genes and separate evaluation of the different histological components". <i>The Journal of Pathology</i>. <b>208</b> (4): 554–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpath.1925">10.1002/path.1925</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400626">16400626</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1463027">1463027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+genomic+analysis+of+desmoplastic+medulloblastomas%3A+identification+of+novel+amplified+genes+and+separate+evaluation+of+the+different+histological+components&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=554-63&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1463027%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16400626&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpath.1925&rft.aulast=Ehrbrecht&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+U&rft.au=Wolter%2C+M&rft.au=Hoischen%2C+A&rft.au=Koch%2C+A&rft.au=Radlwimmer%2C+B&rft.au=Actor%2C+B&rft.au=Mincheva%2C+A&rft.au=Pietsch%2C+T&rft.au=Lichter%2C+P&rft.au=Reifenberger%2C+G&rft.au=Weber%2C+RG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuBollig-FischerKreikevan_de_Vijver2009" class="citation journal cs1">Liu G, Bollig-Fischer A, Kreike B, van de Vijver MJ, Abrams J, Ethier SP, Yang ZQ (Dec 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795798">"Genomic amplification and oncogenic properties of the GASC1 histone demethylase gene in breast cancer"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. <b>28</b> (50): 4491–500. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fonc.2009.297">10.1038/onc.2009.297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795798">2795798</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19784073">19784073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Genomic+amplification+and+oncogenic+properties+of+the+GASC1+histone+demethylase+gene+in+breast+cancer&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=4491-500&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2795798%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19784073&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fonc.2009.297&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Bollig-Fischer%2C+A&rft.au=Kreike%2C+B&rft.au=van+de+Vijver%2C+MJ&rft.au=Abrams%2C+J&rft.au=Ethier%2C+SP&rft.au=Yang%2C+ZQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2795798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthcottNakaharaWuFeuk2009" class="citation journal cs1">Northcott PA, Nakahara Y, Wu X, Feuk L, Ellison DW, Croul S, Mack S, Kongkham PN, Peacock J, Dubuc A, Ra YS, Zilberberg K, McLeod J, Scherer SW, Sunil Rao J, Eberhart CG, Grajkowska W, Gillespie Y, Lach B, Grundy R, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Van Meter T, Carlotti CG, Boop F, Bigner D, Gilbertson RJ, Rutka JT, Taylor MD (Apr 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454371">"Multiple recurrent genetic events converge on control of histone lysine methylation in medulloblastoma"</a>. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 465–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.336">10.1038/ng.336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454371">4454371</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19270706">19270706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Multiple+recurrent+genetic+events+converge+on+control+of+histone+lysine+methylation+in+medulloblastoma&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=465-72&rft.date=2009-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4454371%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19270706&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.336&rft.aulast=Northcott&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.au=Nakahara%2C+Y&rft.au=Wu%2C+X&rft.au=Feuk%2C+L&rft.au=Ellison%2C+DW&rft.au=Croul%2C+S&rft.au=Mack%2C+S&rft.au=Kongkham%2C+PN&rft.au=Peacock%2C+J&rft.au=Dubuc%2C+A&rft.au=Ra%2C+YS&rft.au=Zilberberg%2C+K&rft.au=McLeod%2C+J&rft.au=Scherer%2C+SW&rft.au=Sunil+Rao%2C+J&rft.au=Eberhart%2C+CG&rft.au=Grajkowska%2C+W&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+Y&rft.au=Lach%2C+B&rft.au=Grundy%2C+R&rft.au=Pollack%2C+IF&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+RL&rft.au=Van+Meter%2C+T&rft.au=Carlotti%2C+CG&rft.au=Boop%2C+F&rft.au=Bigner%2C+D&rft.au=Gilbertson%2C+RJ&rft.au=Rutka%2C+JT&rft.au=Taylor%2C+MD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4454371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYangImotoFukudaPimkhaokham2000" class="citation journal cs1">Yang ZQ, Imoto I, Fukuda Y, Pimkhaokham A, Shimada Y, Imamura M, Sugano S, Nakamura Y, Inazawa J (Sep 2000). "Identification of a novel gene, GASC1, within an amplicon at 9p23-24 frequently detected in esophageal cancer cell lines". <i>Cancer Research</i>. <b>60</b> (17): 4735–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10987278">10987278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+novel+gene%2C+GASC1%2C+within+an+amplicon+at+9p23-24+frequently+detected+in+esophageal+cancer+cell+lines&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=4735-9&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10987278&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=ZQ&rft.au=Imoto%2C+I&rft.au=Fukuda%2C+Y&rft.au=Pimkhaokham%2C+A&rft.au=Shimada%2C+Y&rft.au=Imamura%2C+M&rft.au=Sugano%2C+S&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Y&rft.au=Inazawa%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloosChristensenAggerMaiolica2006" class="citation journal cs1">Cloos PA, Christensen J, Agger K, Maiolica A, <a href="/wiki/Juri_Rappsilber" title="Juri Rappsilber">Rappsilber J</a>, Antal T, Hansen KH, Helin K (Jul 2006). "The putative oncogene GASC1 demethylates tri- and dimethylated lysine 9 on histone H3". <i>Nature</i>. <b>442</b> (7100): 307–11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.442..307C">2006Natur.442..307C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04837">10.1038/nature04837</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16732293">16732293</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2874903">2874903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+putative+oncogene+GASC1+demethylates+tri-+and+dimethylated+lysine+9+on+histone+H3&rft.volume=442&rft.issue=7100&rft.pages=307-11&rft.date=2006-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature04837&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2874903%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16732293&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.442..307C&rft.aulast=Cloos&rft.aufirst=PA&rft.au=Christensen%2C+J&rft.au=Agger%2C+K&rft.au=Maiolica%2C+A&rft.au=Rappsilber%2C+J&rft.au=Antal%2C+T&rft.au=Hansen%2C+KH&rft.au=Helin%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeErdjument-BromageTempstJones2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lee N, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Jones RS, Zhang Y (Mar 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648242">"The H3K4 demethylase lid associates with and inhibits histone deacetylase Rpd3"</a>. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biology</i>. <b>29</b> (6): 1401–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.01643-08">10.1128/MCB.01643-08</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2648242">2648242</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19114561">19114561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+H3K4+demethylase+lid+associates+with+and+inhibits+histone+deacetylase+Rpd3&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1401-10&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2648242%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19114561&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FMCB.01643-08&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Erdjument-Bromage%2C+H&rft.au=Tempst%2C+P&rft.au=Jones%2C+RS&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2648242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenevolenskayaMurrayBrantonYoung2005" class="citation journal cs1">Benevolenskaya EV, Murray HL, Branton P, Young RA, Kaelin WG (Jun 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2005.05.012">"Binding of pRB to the PHD protein RBP2 promotes cellular differentiation"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>18</b> (6): 623–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2005.05.012">10.1016/j.molcel.2005.05.012</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15949438">15949438</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=Binding+of+pRB+to+the+PHD+protein+RBP2+promotes+cellular+differentiation&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=623-35&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2005.05.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15949438&rft.aulast=Benevolenskaya&rft.aufirst=EV&rft.au=Murray%2C+HL&rft.au=Branton%2C+P&rft.au=Young%2C+RA&rft.au=Kaelin%2C+WG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.molcel.2005.05.012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez-BigasKisielDewaalHolmes2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lopez-Bigas N, Kisiel TA, Dewaal DC, Holmes KB, Volkert TL, Gupta S, Love J, Murray HL, Young RA, Benevolenskaya EV (Aug 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003864">"Genome-wide analysis of the H3K4 histone demethylase RBP2 reveals a transcriptional program controlling differentiation"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>31</b> (4): 520–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2008.08.004">10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003864">3003864</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18722178">18722178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+analysis+of+the+H3K4+histone+demethylase+RBP2+reveals+a+transcriptional+program+controlling+differentiation&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=520-30&rft.date=2008-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3003864%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18722178&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2008.08.004&rft.aulast=Lopez-Bigas&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Kisiel%2C+TA&rft.au=Dewaal%2C+DC&rft.au=Holmes%2C+KB&rft.au=Volkert%2C+TL&rft.au=Gupta%2C+S&rft.au=Love%2C+J&rft.au=Murray%2C+HL&rft.au=Young%2C+RA&rft.au=Benevolenskaya%2C+EV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3003864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasiniHansenChristensenAgger2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pasini D, Hansen KH, Christensen J, Agger K, Cloos PA, Helin K (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377189">"Coordinated regulation of transcriptional repression by the RBP2 H3K4 demethylase and Polycomb-Repressive Complex 2"</a>. <i>Genes & Development</i>. <b>22</b> (10): 1345–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.470008">10.1101/gad.470008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377189">2377189</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483221">18483221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Coordinated+regulation+of+transcriptional+repression+by+the+RBP2+H3K4+demethylase+and+Polycomb-Repressive+Complex+2&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1345-55&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2377189%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18483221&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.470008&rft.aulast=Pasini&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Hansen%2C+KH&rft.au=Christensen%2C+J&rft.au=Agger%2C+K&rft.au=Cloos%2C+PA&rft.au=Helin%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2377189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_OevelenWangAspYan2008" class="citation journal cs1">van Oevelen C, Wang J, Asp P, Yan Q, Kaelin WG, Kluger Y, Dynlacht BD (Nov 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100182">"A role for mammalian Sin3 in permanent gene silencing"</a>. <i>Molecular Cell</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 359–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2008.10.015">10.1016/j.molcel.2008.10.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100182">3100182</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18995834">18995834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=A+role+for+mammalian+Sin3+in+permanent+gene+silencing&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=359-70&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3100182%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18995834&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2008.10.015&rft.aulast=van+Oevelen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Wang%2C+J&rft.au=Asp%2C+P&rft.au=Yan%2C+Q&rft.au=Kaelin%2C+WG&rft.au=Kluger%2C+Y&rft.au=Dynlacht%2C+BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3100182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZengGeWangLi2010" class="citation journal cs1">Zeng J, Ge Z, Wang L, Li Q, Wang N, Björkholm M, Jia J, Xu D (Mar 2010). "The histone demethylase RBP2 Is overexpressed in gastric cancer and its inhibition triggers senescence of cancer cells". <i>Gastroenterology</i>. <b>138</b> (3): 981–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2009.10.004">10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19850045">19850045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=The+histone+demethylase+RBP2+Is+overexpressed+in+gastric+cancer+and+its+inhibition+triggers+senescence+of+cancer+cells&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=981-92&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2009.10.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19850045&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Ge%2C+Z&rft.au=Wang%2C+L&rft.au=Li%2C+Q&rft.au=Wang%2C+N&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkholm%2C+M&rft.au=Jia%2C+J&rft.au=Xu%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensenAmendeGurokMoser2005" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen LR, Amende M, Gurok U, Moser B, Gimmel V, Tzschach A, Janecke AR, Tariverdian G, Chelly J, Fryns JP, Van Esch H, Kleefstra T, Hamel B, Moraine C, Gecz J, Turner G, Reinhardt R, Kalscheuer VM, Ropers HH, Lenzner S (Feb 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1196368">"Mutations in the JARID1C gene, which is involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling, cause X-linked mental retardation"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>76</b> (2): 227–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F427563">10.1086/427563</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1196368">1196368</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15586325">15586325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+JARID1C+gene%2C+which+is+involved+in+transcriptional+regulation+and+chromatin+remodeling%2C+cause+X-linked+mental+retardation&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-36&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1196368%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15586325&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F427563&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=LR&rft.au=Amende%2C+M&rft.au=Gurok%2C+U&rft.au=Moser%2C+B&rft.au=Gimmel%2C+V&rft.au=Tzschach%2C+A&rft.au=Janecke%2C+AR&rft.au=Tariverdian%2C+G&rft.au=Chelly%2C+J&rft.au=Fryns%2C+JP&rft.au=Van+Esch%2C+H&rft.au=Kleefstra%2C+T&rft.au=Hamel%2C+B&rft.au=Moraine%2C+C&rft.au=Gecz%2C+J&rft.au=Turner%2C+G&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+R&rft.au=Kalscheuer%2C+VM&rft.au=Ropers%2C+HH&rft.au=Lenzner%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1196368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIwaseLanBaylissde_la_Torre-Ubieta2007" class="citation journal cs1">Iwase S, Lan F, Bayliss P, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Huarte M, Qi HH, Whetstine JR, Bonni A, Roberts TM, Shi Y (Mar 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.02.017">"The X-linked mental retardation gene SMCX/JARID1C defines a family of histone H3 lysine 4 demethylases"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>128</b> (6): 1077–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.02.017">10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.017</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17320160">17320160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+X-linked+mental+retardation+gene+SMCX%2FJARID1C+defines+a+family+of+histone+H3+lysine+4+demethylases&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1077-88&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.02.017&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17320160&rft.aulast=Iwase&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Lan%2C+F&rft.au=Bayliss%2C+P&rft.au=de+la+Torre-Ubieta%2C+L&rft.au=Huarte%2C+M&rft.au=Qi%2C+HH&rft.au=Whetstine%2C+JR&rft.au=Bonni%2C+A&rft.au=Roberts%2C+TM&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2007.02.017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAggerCloosRudkjaerWilliams2009" class="citation journal cs1">Agger K, Cloos PA, Rudkjaer L, Williams K, Andersen G, Christensen J, Helin K (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2685535">"The H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3 contributes to the activation of the INK4A-ARF locus in response to oncogene- and stress-induced senescence"</a>. <i>Genes & Development</i>. <b>23</b> (10): 1171–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.510809">10.1101/gad.510809</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2685535">2685535</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451217">19451217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=The+H3K27me3+demethylase+JMJD3+contributes+to+the+activation+of+the+INK4A-ARF+locus+in+response+to+oncogene-+and+stress-induced+senescence&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1171-6&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2685535%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19451217&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.510809&rft.aulast=Agger&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Cloos%2C+PA&rft.au=Rudkjaer%2C+L&rft.au=Williams%2C+K&rft.au=Andersen%2C+G&rft.au=Christensen%2C+J&rft.au=Helin%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2685535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedererGrisartDigilioBenoit2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lederer D, Grisart B, Digilio MC, Benoit V, Crespin M, Ghariani SC, Maystadt I, Dallapiccola B, Verellen-Dumoulin C (Jan 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257878">"Deletion of KDM6A, a histone demethylase interacting with MLL2, in three patients with Kabuki syndrome"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>90</b> (1): 119–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.11.021">10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257878">3257878</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22197486">22197486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Deletion+of+KDM6A%2C+a+histone+demethylase+interacting+with+MLL2%2C+in+three+patients+with+Kabuki+syndrome&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-24&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3257878%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22197486&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.11.021&rft.aulast=Lederer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Grisart%2C+B&rft.au=Digilio%2C+MC&rft.au=Benoit%2C+V&rft.au=Crespin%2C+M&rft.au=Ghariani%2C+SC&rft.au=Maystadt%2C+I&rft.au=Dallapiccola%2C+B&rft.au=Verellen-Dumoulin%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3257878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyakeMizunoOkamotoOhashi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Miyake N, Mizuno S, Okamoto N, Ohashi H, Shiina M, Ogata K, Tsurusaki Y, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Niikawa N, Matsumoto N (Jan 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.22229">"KDM6A point mutations cause Kabuki syndrome"</a>. <i>Human Mutation</i>. <b>34</b> (1): 108–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.22229">10.1002/humu.22229</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076834">23076834</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1745473">1745473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Mutation&rft.atitle=KDM6A+point+mutations+cause+Kabuki+syndrome&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-10&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1745473%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23076834&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fhumu.22229&rft.aulast=Miyake&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Mizuno%2C+S&rft.au=Okamoto%2C+N&rft.au=Ohashi%2C+H&rft.au=Shiina%2C+M&rft.au=Ogata%2C+K&rft.au=Tsurusaki%2C+Y&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+M&rft.au=Saitsu%2C+H&rft.au=Niikawa%2C+N&rft.au=Matsumoto%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fhumu.22229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanBaylissRinnWhetstine2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lan F, Bayliss PE, Rinn JL, Whetstine JR, Wang JK, Chen S, Iwase S, Alpatov R, Issaeva I, Canaani E, Roberts TM, Chang HY, Shi Y (Oct 2007). "A histone H3 lysine 27 demethylase regulates animal posterior development". <i>Nature</i>. <b>449</b> (7163): 689–94. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.449..689L">2007Natur.449..689L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06192">10.1038/nature06192</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17851529">17851529</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:612144">612144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+histone+H3+lysine+27+demethylase+regulates+animal+posterior+development&rft.volume=449&rft.issue=7163&rft.pages=689-94&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature06192&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A612144%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17851529&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.449..689L&rft.aulast=Lan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Bayliss%2C+PE&rft.au=Rinn%2C+JL&rft.au=Whetstine%2C+JR&rft.au=Wang%2C+JK&rft.au=Chen%2C+S&rft.au=Iwase%2C+S&rft.au=Alpatov%2C+R&rft.au=Issaeva%2C+I&rft.au=Canaani%2C+E&rft.au=Roberts%2C+TM&rft.au=Chang%2C+HY&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agg-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agg_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agg_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAggerCloosChristensenPasini2007" class="citation journal cs1">Agger K, Cloos PA, Christensen J, Pasini D, Rose S, Rappsilber J, Issaeva I, Canaani E, Salcini AE, Helin K (Oct 2007). "UTX and JMJD3 are histone H3K27 demethylases involved in HOX gene regulation and development". <i>Nature</i>. <b>449</b> (7163): 731–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.449..731A">2007Natur.449..731A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature06145">10.1038/nature06145</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17713478">17713478</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4413812">4413812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=UTX+and+JMJD3+are+histone+H3K27+demethylases+involved+in+HOX+gene+regulation+and+development&rft.volume=449&rft.issue=7163&rft.pages=731-4&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature06145&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4413812%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17713478&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.449..731A&rft.aulast=Agger&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Cloos%2C+PA&rft.au=Christensen%2C+J&rft.au=Pasini%2C+D&rft.au=Rose%2C+S&rft.au=Rappsilber%2C+J&rft.au=Issaeva%2C+I&rft.au=Canaani%2C+E&rft.au=Salcini%2C+AE&rft.au=Helin%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangTsaiPoulinAdler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Wang JK, Tsai MC, Poulin G, Adler AS, Chen S, Liu H, Shi Y, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Y._Chang" title="Howard Y. Chang">Chang HY</a> (Feb 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816731">"The histone demethylase UTX enables RB-dependent cell fate control"</a>. <i>Genes & Development</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 327–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.1882610">10.1101/gad.1882610</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816731">2816731</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20123895">20123895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genes+%26+Development&rft.atitle=The+histone+demethylase+UTX+enables+RB-dependent+cell+fate+control&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=327-32&rft.date=2010-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2816731%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20123895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgad.1882610&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=JK&rft.au=Tsai%2C+MC&rft.au=Poulin%2C+G&rft.au=Adler%2C+AS&rft.au=Chen%2C+S&rft.au=Liu%2C+H&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rft.au=Chang%2C+HY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2816731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_SantaTotaroProsperiniNotarbartolo2007" class="citation journal cs1">De Santa F, Totaro MG, Prosperini E, Notarbartolo S, Testa G, Natoli G (Sep 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.08.019">"The histone H3 lysine-27 demethylase Jmjd3 links inflammation to inhibition of polycomb-mediated gene silencing"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>130</b> (6): 1083–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.08.019">10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17825402">17825402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+histone+H3+lysine-27+demethylase+Jmjd3+links+inflammation+to+inhibition+of+polycomb-mediated+gene+silencing&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1083-94&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.08.019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17825402&rft.aulast=De+Santa&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Totaro%2C+MG&rft.au=Prosperini%2C+E&rft.au=Notarbartolo%2C+S&rft.au=Testa%2C+G&rft.au=Natoli%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2007.08.019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgoldSpreaficoDe_SantaTotaro2008" class="citation journal cs1">Burgold T, Spreafico F, De Santa F, Totaro MG, Prosperini E, Natoli G, Testa G (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515638">"The histone H3 lysine 27-specific demethylase Jmjd3 is required for neural commitment"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>3</b> (8): e3034. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PLoSO...3.3034B">2008PLoSO...3.3034B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003034">10.1371/journal.pone.0003034</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515638">2515638</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18716661">18716661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+histone+H3+lysine+27-specific+demethylase+Jmjd3+is+required+for+neural+commitment&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e3034&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2515638%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18716661&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003034&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PLoSO...3.3034B&rft.aulast=Burgold&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Spreafico%2C+F&rft.au=De+Santa%2C+F&rft.au=Totaro%2C+MG&rft.au=Prosperini%2C+E&rft.au=Natoli%2C+G&rft.au=Testa%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2515638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vla-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vla_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vla_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVladimirovLøvdokLebiedzSourjik2008" class="citation journal cs1">Vladimirov N, Løvdok L, Lebiedz D, Sourjik V (Dec 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2588534">"Dependence of bacterial chemotaxis on gradient shape and adaptation rate"</a>. <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>. <b>4</b> (12): e1000242. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PLSCB...4E0242V">2008PLSCB...4E0242V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000242">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000242</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2588534">2588534</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19096502">19096502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Computational+Biology&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+bacterial+chemotaxis+on+gradient+shape+and+adaptation+rate&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=e1000242&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2588534%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19096502&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000242&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PLSCB...4E0242V&rft.aulast=Vladimirov&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=L%C3%B8vdok%2C+L&rft.au=Lebiedz%2C+D&rft.au=Sourjik%2C+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2588534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkBorbatGonzalez-BonetBhatnagar2006" class="citation journal cs1">Park SY, Borbat PP, Gonzalez-Bonet G, Bhatnagar J, Pollard AM, Freed JH, Bilwes AM, Crane BR (May 2006). "Reconstruction of the chemotaxis receptor-kinase assembly". <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology</i>. <b>13</b> (5): 400–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnsmb1085">10.1038/nsmb1085</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16622408">16622408</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:859928">859928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Structural+%26+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+of+the+chemotaxis+receptor-kinase+assembly&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=400-7&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A859928%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16622408&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnsmb1085&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=SY&rft.au=Borbat%2C+PP&rft.au=Gonzalez-Bonet%2C+G&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+J&rft.au=Pollard%2C+AM&rft.au=Freed%2C+JH&rft.au=Bilwes%2C+AM&rft.au=Crane%2C+BR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestMartinez-HackertStock1995" class="citation journal cs1">West AH, Martinez-Hackert E, Stock AM (Jul 1995). "Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the chemotaxis receptor methylesterase, CheB". <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>. <b>250</b> (2): 276–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjmbi.1995.0376">10.1006/jmbi.1995.0376</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7608974">7608974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Crystal+structure+of+the+catalytic+domain+of+the+chemotaxis+receptor+methylesterase%2C+CheB&rft.volume=250&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=276-90&rft.date=1995-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjmbi.1995.0376&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7608974&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.au=Martinez-Hackert%2C+E&rft.au=Stock%2C+AM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemethylase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oxidoreductases:_dioxygenases,_including_steroid_hydroxylases_(EC_1.14)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dioxygenases" title="Template:Dioxygenases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dioxygenases" title="Template talk:Dioxygenases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dioxygenases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dioxygenases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oxidoreductases:_dioxygenases,_including_steroid_hydroxylases_(EC_1.14)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxygenase" title="Oxygenase">dioxygenases</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Steroid_hydroxylases" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroid hydroxylases">steroid hydroxylases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 1.14)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.11_With_2-oxoglutarate_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_each_of_oxygen_into_both_donors" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.11</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Ketoglutaric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid">2-oxoglutarate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolyl_hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolyl hydroxylase">Prolyl hydroxylase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIF_prolyl-hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="HIF prolyl-hydroxylase">HIF prolyl-hydroxylase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EGLN1" title="EGLN1">EGLN1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGLN2" title="EGLN2">EGLN2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGLN3" title="EGLN3">EGLN3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P4HTM" title="P4HTM">P4HTM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysyl_hydroxylase" title="Lysyl hydroxylase">Lysyl hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlkB" title="AlkB">AlkB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkb_homolog_1,_histone_h2a_dioxygenase" title="Alkb homolog 1, histone h2a dioxygenase">ALKBH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTO_gene" title="FTO gene">FTO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.13_With_NADH_or_NADPH_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.13</a>: <a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a> or <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavin-containing_monooxygenase" title="Flavin-containing monooxygenase">Flavin-containing monooxygenase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FMO1" class="mw-redirect" title="FMO1">FMO1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMO2" title="FMO2">FMO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavin-containing_monooxygenase_3" title="Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3">FMO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMO4" title="FMO4">FMO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMO5" title="FMO5">FMO5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase" title="Nitric oxide synthase">Nitric oxide synthase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NOS1" title="NOS1">NOS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase_2_(inducible)" title="Nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible)">NOS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_NOS" title="Endothelial NOS">NOS3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_7_alpha-hydroxylase" title="Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase">Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methane_monooxygenase" title="Methane monooxygenase">Methane monooxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">3A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14%CE%B1-demethylase" class="mw-redirect" title="14α-demethylase">14α-demethylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hydroxycholesterol_7alpha-hydroxylase" title="24-hydroxycholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase">24-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.14_With_reduced_flavin_or_flavoprotein_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.14</a>: reduced <a href="/wiki/Flavin_group" title="Flavin group">flavin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flavoprotein" title="Flavoprotein">flavoprotein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromatase" title="Aromatase">19A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2D6" title="CYP2D6">2D6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP2E1" title="CYP2E1">2E1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.15_With_reduced_iron–sulfur_protein_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.15</a>: reduced <a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_protein" title="Iron–sulfur protein">iron–sulfur protein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steroid_11-beta-hydroxylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase">11B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone_synthase" title="Aldosterone synthase">11B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_side-chain_cleavage_enzyme" title="Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme">11A1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.16_With_reduced_pteridine_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.16</a>: reduced <a href="/wiki/Pteridine" title="Pteridine">pteridine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin" title="Tetrahydrobiopterin">BH4 dependent</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine_hydroxylase" title="Phenylalanine hydroxylase">Phenylalanine hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase" title="Tyrosine hydroxylase">Tyrosine hydroxylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_hydroxylase" title="Tryptophan hydroxylase">Tryptophan hydroxylase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.17_With_reduced_ascorbate_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.17</a>: reduced <a href="/wiki/Ascorbate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascorbate">ascorbate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_beta-hydroxylase" title="Dopamine beta-hydroxylase">Dopamine beta-hydroxylase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.18_With_another_compound_as_one_donor.2C_and_incorporation_of_one_atom_of_oxygen" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.18</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.19_With_oxidation_of_a_pair_of_donors_resulting_in_the_reduction_of_molecular_oxygen_to_two_molecules_of_water" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">19</a>: other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosinase" title="Tyrosinase">Tyrosinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearoyl-CoA_desaturase-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1">Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.14.99_Miscellaneous" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.14.99</a> - miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">Cyclooxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heme_oxygenase" title="Heme oxygenase">Heme oxygenase</a> (<a href="/wiki/HMOX1" title="HMOX1">HMOX1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squalene_monooxygenase" title="Squalene monooxygenase">Squalene monooxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYP17A1" title="CYP17A1">17A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21-Hydroxylase" title="21-Hydroxylase">21A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysone_20-monooxygenase" title="Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase">Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyhypusine_monooxygenase" title="Deoxyhypusine monooxygenase">Deoxyhypusine monooxygenase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/42px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&oldid=1188199430">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&oldid=1188199430</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EC_3.1.1" title="Category:EC 3.1.1">EC 3.1.1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EC_1.14.11" title="Category:EC 1.14.11">EC 1.14.11</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EC_1.5.8" title="Category:EC 1.5.8">EC 1.5.8</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Signal_transduction" title="Category:Signal transduction">Signal transduction</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 December 2023, at 22:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demethylase&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6s8bw","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.651","walltime":"0.934","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2412,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":147745,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":718,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":193180,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 807.058 1 -total"," 57.90% 467.285 1 Template:Reflist"," 49.07% 396.056 41 Template:Cite_journal"," 18.38% 148.335 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.55% 117.437 1 Template:Dioxygenases"," 13.92% 112.312 2 Template:Navbox"," 10.85% 87.594 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.19% 41.916 1 Template:Portal_bar"," 4.37% 35.240 3 Template:Main_other"," 3.74% 30.205 1 Template:SDcat"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.430","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5033347,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-44ckt","timestamp":"20241122143933","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Demethylase","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demethylase","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2531584","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2531584","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-27T02:08:38Z","dateModified":"2023-12-03T22:52:37Z","headline":"class of enzymes"}</script> </body> </html>