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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British poet and herpetologist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Arthur O'Shaughnessy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg/220px-Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg/330px-Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg/440px-Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy_-_portrait_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="1005" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">O'Shaughnessy c. 1875</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1844<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 January 1881<span style="display:none">(1881-01-30)</span> (aged 36)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eleanor Marston</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1873; died 1879)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy</b> (14 March 1844 – 30 January 1881) was a British poet and <a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beolens2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of Irish descent, he was born in London.<sup id="cite_ref-moulton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moulton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is most remembered for his poem "<a href="/wiki/Ode_(poem)" title="Ode (poem)">Ode</a>", from his 1874 collection <i>Music and Moonlight</i>, which begins with the words "We are the music makers, / And we are the dreamers of dreams", and which has been set to music by several composers including <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a> (as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Makers_(Elgar)" title="The Music Makers (Elgar)">The Music Makers</a>)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Reed" title="Alfred Reed">Alfred Reed</a> and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/808_State" title="808 State">808 State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ex:el" title="Ex:el">ex:el</a>: nephatiti) and <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Selected_Ambient_Works_85-92" class="mw-redirect" title="Selected Ambient Works 85-92">Selected Ambient Works 85-92</a></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_herpetology">Early life and herpetology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and herpetology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_neglected_harp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_neglected_harp.jpg/220px-A_neglected_harp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_neglected_harp.jpg/330px-A_neglected_harp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_neglected_harp.jpg/440px-A_neglected_harp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._T._Nettleship" class="mw-redirect" title="J. T. Nettleship">J. T. Nettleship</a>'s illustration to O'Shaughnessy's poem "A Neglected Harp" in <i>Epic of Women</i> (1870)</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1861, at age 17, Arthur O'Shaughnessy received the post of transcriber in the library of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, reportedly through the influence of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Baron_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton">Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Gosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edmund Gosse">Sir Edmund Gosse</a>, O'Shaughnessy was one of Bulwer Lytton's many children born out of wedlock. Two years later, he became a <a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">herpetologist</a> in the museum's <a href="/wiki/Zoological" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoological">zoological</a> department. From 1874 to his premature death, he described six new species of <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, and after his death, he was honoured in the <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a>, <i>oshaughnessyi</i>, of four new species of <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a> described by <a href="/wiki/Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert Günther">Albert Günther</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Boulenger" title="George Albert Boulenger">George Albert Boulenger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beolens2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, O'Shaughnessy's true passion was for literature. He published his first collection of poetry, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epic_of_Women&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epic of Women (page does not exist)">Epic of Women</a></i>, in 1870, followed two years later by <i>Lays of France</i> in 1872, and then <i>Music and Moonlight</i> in 1874. He is now best remembered for the first poem in his collection <i>Music and Moonlight</i>, entitled "Ode", which begins with the words: "We are the music makers, / And we are the dreamers of dreams".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Shaughnessy's most quoted poem is his ode to the place of art, beginning </p> <div class="poem"> <p>We are the music-makers. <br /> And we are the dreamers of dreams.<br /> Wandering by lone sea-breakers. <br /> And sitting by desolate streams;<br /> World-losers and world-forsakers. <br /> On whom the pale moon gleams<br /> Yet we are the movers and shakers <br /> Of the world for ever, it seems </p> </div> <p>When he was 30, he married and did not produce any more volumes of poetry for the last seven years of his life. His last volume, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Songs_of_a_Worker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songs of a Worker (page does not exist)">Songs of a Worker</a></i>, was published posthumously in 1881. O'Shaughnessy was both formally and aesthetically cutting-edge. For example, he is one of the few <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite</a> poets to have needed a steady income, and his corpus often explores the relationship between art and work. Unlike other Pre-Raphaelites, O'Shaughnessy saw poetry as the result of toil rather than the consequence of a moment's frenetic inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his influential 1957 essay, <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> gives O'Shaughnessy as an example of "poets who have written just one, or only a few good poems," and says that, despite his uneven output, "We Are the Music Makers" belongs in any 19th century verse anthology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The artists <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Brown" title="Ford Madox Brown">Ford Madox Brown</a> were among O'Shaughnessy's circle of friends, and in 1873, he married Eleanor Marston, the daughter of author <a href="/wiki/John_Westland_Marston" title="John Westland Marston">John Westland Marston</a> and the sister of the poet <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bourke_Marston" title="Philip Bourke Marston">Philip Bourke Marston</a>. Together, he and his wife wrote a book of children's stories, <i>Toy-land</i> (1875). They had two children together, both of whom died in infancy. </p><p>Eleanor died in 1879, and O'Shaughnessy himself died in London two years later at the age of 36 from the effects of a "chill" after walking home from the theatre on a rainy night.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anthologist <a href="/wiki/Francis_Turner_Palgrave" title="Francis Turner Palgrave">Francis Turner Palgrave</a>, in his work, <i><a href="/wiki/Palgrave%27s_Golden_Treasury" title="Palgrave's Golden Treasury">The Golden Treasury</a></i> declared that of the modern poets, despite his limited output, O'Shaughnessy had a gift that in some ways was second only to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson,_1st_Baron_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson">Tennyson</a> and "a haunting music all his own". </p><p>O'Shaughnessy's translations of <a href="/wiki/Parnassian" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnassian">Parnassian</a> poetry, and the influence of French <a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">decadence</a> on his own work, were crucial in setting the stage for English-language decadence in the 1890s. Jordan Kistler writes that he was "instrumental in bridging the gap between the Pre-Raphaelitism practised by poets such as D. G. Rossetti and William Morris in the 1870s and the aestheticism of the 1890s".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Shaughnessy is commemorated in the scientific names of four species of lizards: <i><a href="/wiki/O%27Shaughnessy%27s_chameleon" title="O'Shaughnessy's chameleon">Calumma oshaughnessyi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cercosaura_oshaughnessyi" title="Cercosaura oshaughnessyi">Cercosaura oshaughnessyi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Enyalioides_oshaughnessyi" title="Enyalioides oshaughnessyi">Enyalioides oshaughnessyi</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pachydactylus_oshaughnessyi" title="Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi">Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beolens2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>An Epic of Women</i> (1870)</li> <li><i>Lays of France</i> (1872)</li> <li><i>Music and Moonlight: Poems and Songs</i> (1874)</li> <li><i>Toy-land</i> (with Eleanor W. O'Shaughnessy) (1875)</li> <li><i>Songs of a Worker</i> (1881) (published posthumously)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Arthur O'Shaughnessy: Music Maker</i> by Molly Whittington-Egan (2013) Bluecoat Press</li> <li><i>Arthur O'Shaughnessy, a Pre-Raphaelite Poet in the British Museum</i> by Jordan Kistler (2016) Routledge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Beolens2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beolens2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bo_Beolens" class="extiw" title="species:Bo Beolens">Beolens, Bo</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Watkins" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Watkins">Watkins, Michael</a>; Grayson, Michael (2011). <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. (O'Shaughnessy, p. 197).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moulton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moulton_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoulton1894" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Chandler_Moulton" title="Louise Chandler Moulton">Moulton, Louise</a> (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arthuroshaughnes00oshaiala"><i>Arthur O'Shaughnessy: his life and his work, with selections from his poems</i></a>. Cambridge and Chicago: Stone & Kimball. 120 pp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthur+O%27Shaughnessy%3A+his+life+and+his+work%2C+with+selections+from+his+poems&rft.place=Cambridge+and+Chicago&rft.pub=Stone+%26+Kimball.+120+pp.&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Moulton&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farthuroshaughnes00oshaiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+O%27Shaughnessy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKistler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kistler, Jordan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26347266">"A Poem Without an Author"</a>. <i>Victorian Literature and Culture</i>. <b>44</b> (4): 875–886. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-1503">1060-1503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Literature+and+Culture&rft.atitle=A+Poem+Without+an+Author&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=875-886&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1060-1503&rft.aulast=Kistler&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26347266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+O%27Shaughnessy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kistler, Jordan (2016). <i>Arthur O'Shaughnessy, a Pre-Raphaelite Poet in the British Museum</i>. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot, T. S.</a> (1957). "What is Minor Poetry?". <i>On Poetry and Poets</i>. London: Faber. p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Poetry Foundation. www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/arthur-oshaughnessy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kistler, Jordan (2016). <i>Arthur O'Shaughnessy, a Pre-Raphaelite Poet in the British Museum</i>. p. 140.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_O%27Shaughnessy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works by or about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Arthur_William_Edgar_O%27Shaughnessy" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy">Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arthur_William_Edgar_O%27Shaughnessy" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy">Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy</a> at Wikispecies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22O’Shaughnessy%2C%20Arthur%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Arthur%20O’Shaughnessy%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22O’Shaughnessy%2C%20Arthur%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Arthur%20O’Shaughnessy%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Arthur%20O’Shaughnessy%22%20OR%20description%3A%22O’Shaughnessy%2C%20Arthur%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Arthur%20O’Shaughnessy%22%20OR%20%22O’Shaughnessy%2C%20Arthur%22%20OR%20%22Arthur%20O’Shaughnessy%22%29%20OR%20%28%221844-1881%22%20AND%20%28%22O’Shaughnessy%22%20OR%20O’Shaughnessy%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Arthur O'Shaughnessy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/8120">Works by Arthur O'Shaughnessy</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002432/http://www.qub.ac.uk/directorates/InformationServices/TheLibrary/FileStore/Filetoupload%2C312582%2Cen.pdf">List of O'Shaughnessy papers held at Queen's University Belfast</a></li></ul> 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