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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="رادين صالح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رادين صالح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1d%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1lih" title="Rádín Sálih – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rádín Sálih" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%87" title="Ράντεν Σάλεχ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράντεν Σάλεχ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="رادن صالح – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادن صالح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B4_%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%88" title="라덴 살레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라덴 살레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B0" title="Ռադեն Սալեհ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռադեն Սալեհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh" title="Raden Sarief Bastaman Saleh – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Raden Sarief Bastaman Saleh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%A8n_Sal%C3%A8h" title="Radèn Salèh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Radèn Salèh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh" title="Sarief Bastaman Saleh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sarief Bastaman Saleh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ラデン・サレー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラデン・サレー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Raden Saleh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Раден Салех – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раден Салех" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%A9n_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Radén Saléh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Radén Saléh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Раден Салех – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раден Салех" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="رادن صالح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رادن صالح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the painter. For the crater on Mercury named after him, see <a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh_(crater)" title="Raden Saleh (crater)">Raden Saleh (crater)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Priyayi#Titles" title="Priyayi">Raden</a></div><div class="fn">Saleh Syarif Bustaman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦭꦺꦃꦯ꦳ꦫꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦨꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦩꦤ꧀</span></span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رادين صالح شريف بوستامن</span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Raden_Saleh_c._1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="999" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Raden Saleh in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1872</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Saleh Sjarif Boestaman</div><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1811<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 April 1880<span style="display:none">(1880-04-23)</span> (aged 68–69)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Buitenzorg</a>, Dutch East Indies</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting, drawing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arrest_of_Pangeran_Diponegoro" title="The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro">The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</a></i></li><li><i>Deer Hunt</i></li><li><i>View of Erupting Mount Merapi</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Priyayi#Titles" title="Priyayi">Raden</a> <b>Saleh Sjarif Boestaman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦭꦺꦃꦯ꦳ꦫꦶꦥ꦳꧀ꦨꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦩꦤ꧀</span>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Indonesian_Spelling_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System">EYD</a>: <span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رادين صالح شريف بوستامن</span>, <a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DIN</a>: <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><i>Rādīn Ṣāliḥ Šarīf Būstāman</i></i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1811 – 23 April 1880)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> painter from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesians" title="Arab Indonesians">Arab</a>-<a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> ethnicity. He was considered to be the first "modern" artist from Indonesia (then the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>), and his paintings corresponded with nineteenth-century romanticism which was popular in Europe at the time. He also expressed his cultural roots and inventiveness in his work. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raden Saleh Syarif Bustaman was born in 1811 in the village of Terboyo, near <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). He was born into a noble <a href="/wiki/Hadhrami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadhrami people">Hadhrami</a> family; his father was <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a> Husen bin Alwi bin Awal bin Yahya, whose family had come to Java via Surat in India in the seventeenth century. He was the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a> Abdullah Bustam through his mother, Raden Ayu Sarif Husen bin Alwi bin Awal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his sister, Roqayah, Raden Saleh was uncle by marriage to the famous religious leader <a href="/wiki/Habib_Ali_Kwitang" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Ali Kwitang">Habib Ali Kwitang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_to_Europe">Travel to Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Travel to Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Raden_Saleh.jpg/170px-Raden_Saleh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Raden_Saleh.jpg/255px-Raden_Saleh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Raden_Saleh.jpg/340px-Raden_Saleh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4766" data-file-height="6060" /></a><figcaption><i>Raden Saleh</i>, c. 1840, credited to <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_Albert_Schreuel" title="Friedrich Carl Albert Schreuel">Friedrich Carl Albert Schreuel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Young Raden Saleh was first taught in <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a> by the Belgian artist <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Payen_the_Younger" title="Antoine Payen the Younger">A.J. Payen</a>. Payen acknowledged the youth's talent, and persuaded the colonial government of the Netherlands to send Raden Saleh to the Netherlands to study art. He arrived in Europe in 1829 and began to study under <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Kruseman" title="Cornelis Kruseman">Cornelis Kruseman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Schelfhout" title="Andreas Schelfhout">Andreas Schelfhout</a>. </p><p>It was from Kruseman that Raden Saleh studied his skills in portraiture, and later was accepted at various European courts where he was assigned to do portraits. While in Europe, in 1836 Saleh became the first indigenous Indonesian to be initiated into <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>. From 1839, he spent five years at the court of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_I,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>, who became an important patron.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From Schelfhout, Raden Saleh furthered his skills as a landscape painter. Raden Saleh visited several European cities, as well as <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>. In <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, a lion tamer allowed Raden Saleh to study his lion, and from that his most famous painting of animal fights was created, which subsequently brought fame to the artist. Many of his paintings were exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a> in Amsterdam. Several of his paintings were destroyed when the Colonial Dutch pavilion <a href="/wiki/Paris_Colonial_Exposition" title="Paris Colonial Exposition">in Paris</a> was burnt in 1931. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_Dutch_East_Indies/Indonesia"><span id="Return_to_the_Dutch_East_Indies.2FIndonesia"></span>Return to the Dutch East Indies/Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to the Dutch East Indies/Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_huis_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh_door_hemzelf_gebouwd._TMnr_60005156.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of <a href="/wiki/Cikini_Hospital" title="Cikini Hospital">Raden Saleh's house</a> in Cikini in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1875–1885</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg/170px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg/255px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg/340px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Portret_van_de_kunstschilder_Raden_Saleh._TMnr_60005151.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Raden Saleh in 1872</figcaption></figure> <p>Raden Saleh returned to Dutch East Indies in 1852,<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> after living in Europe for 20 years. He worked as conservator for the colonial collection of government art, and acted as court painter to the Governors-General. He also painted portraits of members of the colonial elite – European administrators, the Javanese <i><a href="/wiki/Priyayi" title="Priyayi">priyayi</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Peranakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakan">Peranakan</a></i> Chinese '<a href="/wiki/Cabang_Atas" title="Cabang Atas">Cabang Atas</a>' – as well as landscapes. Returning to Java, he expressed his uneasiness of living in the colonies, stating that "here, people only talks about coffee and sugar, then sugar and coffee" in one of his letters.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> </p><p>Upon returning, he married a wealthy <i><a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indo</a></i> heiress of part-German extraction, Constancia von Mansfeld.<sup id="cite_ref-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His new wife financed the construction of Saleh's <i><a href="/wiki/Landhuis" title="Landhuis">landhuis</a></i> or country house on the private domain (<i><a href="/wiki/Particuliere_landerijen" title="Particuliere landerijen">particuliere land</a></i>) that the couple had acquired, <a href="/wiki/Cikini,_Menteng" title="Cikini, Menteng">Cikini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saleh's house was inspired architecturally by <a href="/wiki/Callenberg_Castle" title="Callenberg Castle">Callenberg Castle</a> where he had stayed during his European travels <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1844. Surrounded by vast grounds, most of them were converted into public gardens in 1862, and were closed in the turn of the century. In 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Taman_Ismail_Marzuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Taman Ismail Marzuki">Taman Ismail Marzuki</a> was built in the former gardens. The house itself is still used today as a <a href="/wiki/Cikini_Hospital" title="Cikini Hospital">PGI Cikini Hospital</a> building.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> </p><p>On his first wife's death, Saleh remarried to a young aristocratic woman of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a>, Raden Ayu Danudirdja, in 1867 and subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a>, where he rented a house near the <a href="/wiki/Bogor_Botanical_Gardens" title="Bogor Botanical Gardens">Bogor Botanical Gardens</a> with a view of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Salak" title="Mount Salak">Mount Salak</a>. He later took his wife to travel in Europe, visiting countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Italy. His wife however contracted an illness while in Paris, the exact illness is still not known, and was so severe that they both immediately returned to Bogor.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> She died on 31 July 1880,<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> following her husband's death three months earlier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Friday morning, 23 April 1880, Saleh suddenly fell sick. He claimed that he was poisoned by one of his servants, and subsequently died; however post-mortem examination showed that his circulatory system was disrupted due to a clot near his heart. Saleh was buried two days later in Kampung Empang, Bogor. As reported in Javanese Bode newspaper, 28 April 1880, his funeral was "attended by various <i><a href="/wiki/Landheer" title="Landheer">landheeren</a></i> [landlords] and Dutch officials, and even by curious students from nearby school."<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his stay in Paris, Saleh met <a href="/wiki/Horace_Vernet" title="Horace Vernet">Horace Vernet</a> whose painting frequently took themes of African wildlife. Compared to Vernet, Saleh's painting seems to be more influenced by the romantic painter <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>. This could be seen in one of Saleh's work, <i>Hunting Lion</i>, 1840, which has similar composition to Delacroix's <i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i>. However, Werner Kraus, a researcher in the Southeast-Asian Art Center of <a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a>, Germany, said that Saleh "never mentioned Delacroix. Perhaps he saw Delacroix's, and possibly Vernet's, works during an exhibition."<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Arrest_of_Pangeran_Diponegoro"><i>The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Arrest_of_Pangeran_Diponegoro" title="The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro">The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg/300px-Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg/450px-Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg/600px-Raden_Saleh_-_Diponegoro_arrest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5255" data-file-height="3307" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arrest_of_Pangeran_Diponegoro" title="The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro">The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</a></i>, 1857, <a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Palace" title="Merdeka Palace">Merdeka Palace Museum</a>, Jakarta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Raden Saleh is particularly remembered for his historical painting, <i>The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> which depicted the betrayal of the rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Prince_Diponegoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Diponegoro">Prince Diponegoro</a> by the colonial government, thus ending the <a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Java War</a> in 1830. The Prince was tricked into entering Dutch custody near <a href="/wiki/Magelang" title="Magelang">Magelang</a>, believing he was there for negotiations of a possible cease-fire. He was captured through treachery and later deported. </p><p>The event had been previously painted by a Dutch painter <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Pieneman" title="Nicolaas Pieneman">Nicolaas Pieneman</a>, commissioned by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Merkus_de_Kock" title="Hendrik Merkus de Kock">Hendrik Merkus de Kock</a>. It is thought that Saleh saw this painting during his stay in Europe. Saleh made significant changes in his version of the painting; Pieneman painted the scene from the right, Saleh from the left. Pieneman depicts Diponegoro with resigned expression, while in Saleh's he appears to be outraged. Pieneman gave his painting the title <i>Submission of Prince Diponegoro</i>, while Saleh gave <i>The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro</i>. It is known that Saleh deliberately painted Diponegoro's Dutch captors with large heads to make them appear monstrous, as opposed to the more proportionally depicted Javanese.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> </p><p>Raden Saleh’s work has been regarded as a sign of incipient nationalism in what was then the Dutch East Indies / Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can also be seen it the depiction of Diponegoro's men. Pieneman had never been to the Indies, and so depicted Diponegoro's men in a more Arabic fashion. Saleh's version has a more accurate depiction of native Javanese clothing, with some figures wearing <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blangkon" title="Blangkon">blangkon</a>. </p><p>Saleh finished this painting in 1857 and presented it to <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_the_Netherlands" title="William III of the Netherlands">Willem III of Netherlands</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. It was returned to Indonesia in 1978 as a realization of a cultural agreement between the two countries in 1969, regarding the return of cultural items which were taken, lent, or exchanged to the Dutch in the previous eras. Even though the painting did not fall under any of those categories, because Saleh presented it to the King of the Netherlands and it was never in the possession of Indonesia, it was nevertheless returned as a gift from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Amsterdam" title="Royal Palace of Amsterdam">Royal Palace of Amsterdam</a>, and is currently displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Palace" title="Merdeka Palace">Merdeka Palace</a> Museum in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works">Works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 229.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 227.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter Scenery (1830)"><img alt="Winter Scenery (1830)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg/341px-Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg/512px-Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg/682px-Raden_Saleh_Bustaman_Winterlandschaft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Winter Scenery</i> (1830)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Jean Chrétien Baud (1835)"><img alt="Portrait of Jean Chrétien Baud (1835)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg/194px-JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg/291px-JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg/388px-JeanChr%C3%A9tienBaud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="3427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_Baud" title="Jean Chrétien Baud">Jean Chrétien Baud</a></i> (1835)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Johannes van den Bosch (1836)"><img alt="Portrait of Johannes van den Bosch (1836)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg/202px-Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg/302px-Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg/403px-Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4899" data-file-height="5831" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" title="Johannes van den Bosch">Johannes van den Bosch</a></i> (1836)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion attacking a horse (1840)"><img alt="Lion attacking a horse (1840)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg/322px-Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg/483px-Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg/644px-Raden_Sarief_Bustaman_Saleh_-_Lion_attacking_a_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lion attacking a horse</i> (1840)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-portrait (1841)"><img alt="Self-portrait (1841)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg/187px-Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg/280px-Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg/374px-Raden_Saleh_-_Self_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Self-portrait (1841)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deer Hunt (1846)"><img alt="Deer Hunt (1846)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg/399px-Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg/598px-Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg/797px-Raden_Saleh_-_hunt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3497" data-file-height="2106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Deer Hunt</i> (1846)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape,_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Javanese Landscape, with Tigers Listening to the Sound of a Travelling Group (1849)"><img alt="Javanese Landscape, with Tigers Listening to the Sound of a Travelling Group (1849)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg/359px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg/538px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg/717px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Landscape%2C_with_Tigers_Listening_to_the_Sound_of_a_Travelling_Group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Javanese Landscape, with Tigers Listening to the Sound of a Travelling Group</i> (1849)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 288.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 286.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer,_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Six Horsemen Chasing Deer (1860)"><img alt="Six Horsemen Chasing Deer (1860)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/430px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="287" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/645px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/860px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7800" data-file-height="4357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Six Horsemen Chasing Deer</i> (1860)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_(1872).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Dieng Plateau (1872)"><img alt="View of Dieng Plateau (1872)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/399px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/598px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/797px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of <a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a> (1872) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Flood in Java (1865-1875), modelled after Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa"><img alt="A Flood in Java (1865-1875), modelled after Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg/328px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg/492px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg/655px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_overstroming_op_Java_TMnr_3728-464.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Flood in Java</i> (1865-1875), modelled after <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ricault" class="mw-redirect" title="Géricault">Géricault</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Raft_of_the_Medusa" title="The Raft of the Medusa">The Raft of the Medusa</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station,_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Javanese Mail Station (1876)"><img alt="Javanese Mail Station (1876)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg/342px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg/512px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg/683px-Raden_Saleh_-_Javanese_Mail_Station%2C_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="996" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Javanese Mail Station</i> (1876)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watercolor study of a walking tiger"><img alt="Watercolor study of a walking tiger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg/360px-Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg/540px-Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg/719px-Raden_Saleh_-_Study_of_walking_tiger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Watercolor study of a walking tiger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_(1841).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lion Hunt (1841)"><img alt="The Lion Hunt (1841)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg/394px-Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg/590px-Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg/787px-Raden_Saleh_-_The_Lion_hunt_%281841%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lion Hunt (1841) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh,_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A landscape in the Dutch East Indie / Indonesia"><img alt="A landscape in the Dutch East Indie / Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg/310px-Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg/465px-Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg/620px-Raden_Saleh%2C_circle_of_-_A_landscape_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4042" data-file-height="3131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A landscape in the Dutch East Indie / Indonesia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Ali_Kwitang" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Ali Kwitang">Habib Ali Kwitang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKraus,_Werner2012" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Werner (2012). <i>Raden Saleh: Awal Seni Lukis Modern Indonesia</i>. Jakarta: Goethe Institut. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raden+Saleh%3A+Awal+Seni+Lukis+Modern+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Goethe+Institut&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Kraus%2C+Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nusantara.com/heritage/raden.html">Raden Saleh: The Romantic Aristocrat</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127054620/http://www.nusantara.com/heritage/raden.html">Archived</a> 27 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228225252/http://www.raden-saleh.org/english.html">"Prince Raden Saleh: Aristocrat, Artist, Scientist and Patriot"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raden-saleh.org/english.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Raden+Saleh%3A+Aristocrat%2C+Artist%2C+Scientist+and+Patriot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raden-saleh.org%2Fenglish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraus,_Werner2012" class="citation book cs1">Kraus, Werner (2012). <i>Raden Saleh: Awal Seni Lukis Modern Indonesia</i>. Jakarta: Goethe Institut. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raden+Saleh%3A+Awal+Seni+Lukis+Modern+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Goethe+Institut&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Kraus%2C+Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgadri,_Hamid1994" class="citation book cs1">Algadri, Hamid (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGJwAAAAMAAJ&q=raden+saleh+bustaman"><i>Dutch Policy against Islam and Indonesians of Arab Descent in Indonesia</i></a>. Jakarta, Indonesia: LP3ES. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8391-31-4" title="Special:BookSources/979-8391-31-4"><bdi>979-8391-31-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dutch+Policy+against+Islam+and+Indonesians+of+Arab+Descent+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=LP3ES&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=979-8391-31-4&rft.au=Algadri%2C+Hamid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGJwAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Draden%2Bsaleh%2Bbustaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artdaily.com/news/37139/Rare-Work-by-Javanese-Artist-Raden-Saleh-to-be-Offered-at-Christie-s#.VOL5dShFV5gl">"Prince Raden Saleh: Aristocrat, Artist, Scientist and Patriot"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118163654/https://artdaily.cc/news/37139/Rare-Work-by-Javanese-Artist-Raden-Saleh-to-be-Offered-at-Christie-s#.Y8ggNZtumyU">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Raden+Saleh%3A+Aristocrat%2C+Artist%2C+Scientist+and+Patriot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartdaily.com%2Fnews%2F37139%2FRare-Work-by-Javanese-Artist-Raden-Saleh-to-be-Offered-at-Christie-s%23.VOL5dShFV5gl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natgeo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natgeo_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Pioneer Between Worlds", <i>National Geographic Indonesia</i>, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Java_Essay:_The_History_and_Culture_of_a_Southern_Country_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIguchi2015" class="citation book cs1">Iguchi, Masatoshi (28 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ5TBgAAQBAJ&q=raden+saleh+von+mansfeld&pg=PA101"><i>Java Essay: The History and Culture of a Southern Country</i></a>. Troubador Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78462-151-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78462-151-3"><bdi>978-1-78462-151-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Java+Essay%3A+The+History+and+Culture+of+a+Southern+Country&rft.pub=Troubador+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.isbn=978-1-78462-151-3&rft.aulast=Iguchi&rft.aufirst=Masatoshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoQ5TBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Draden%2Bsaleh%2Bvon%2Bmansfeld%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovia_D._Rulistia2013" class="citation web cs1">Novia D. Rulistia (2 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/08/02/raden-saleh-s-masterpieces-undergo-restoration.html">"Raden Saleh's masterpieces to undergo restoration"</a>. The Jakarta Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193203/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/08/02/raden-saleh-s-masterpieces-undergo-restoration.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raden+Saleh%27s+masterpieces+to+undergo+restoration&rft.pub=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.date=2013-08-02&rft.au=Novia+D.+Rulistia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F08%2F02%2Fraden-saleh-s-masterpieces-undergo-restoration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Karnadi, Koes (editor) 2006) <i> Modern Indonesian art : from Raden Saleh to the present day </i> introduction by Suwarno Wisetrotomo; with contributions by Agung Hujatnikajennong ... [et al.] Denpasar : Koes Artbooks. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8704-02-9" title="Special:BookSources/979-8704-02-9">979-8704-02-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeuken1982" class="citation book cs1">Heuken, Adolf (1982). <i>Historical Sites of Jakarta</i>. Jakarta, Indonesia: Cipta Loka Caraka.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Sites+of+Jakarta&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=Cipta+Loka+Caraka&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Heuken&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYayasan_Untuk_Indonesia2005" class="citation book cs1">Yayasan Untuk Indonesia (2005). <i>Ensiklopedi Jakarta: culture & heritage, Volume 3</i>. Jakarta, Indonesia: merintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Permuseuman, Indonesia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-8682-52-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-8682-52-0"><bdi>978-979-8682-52-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ensiklopedi+Jakarta%3A+culture+%26+heritage%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=merintah+Provinsi+Daerah+Khusus+Ibukota+Jakarta%2C+Dinas+Kebudayaan+dan+Permuseuman%2C+Indonesia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-979-8682-52-0&rft.au=Yayasan+Untuk+Indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaden+Saleh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Saleh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Raden_Saleh" class="extiw" title="commons:Raden Saleh">Raden Saleh</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanticism556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanticism" title="Template talk:Romanticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanticism556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">England (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_literature#Romanticism" title="19th-century French literature">(literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Golden Age of Russian Poetry">Russia (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Spanish_literature" title="Romanticism in Spanish literature">Spain (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Sweden (literature)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppet_group" title="Coppet group">Coppet group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf School of painting">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianism_(arts)" title="Indianism (arts)">Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preromanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preromanticism">Pre</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_school" title="Ukrainian school">Ukrainian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Romanticism" title="Ultra-Romanticism">Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wallenrod" title="Konrad Wallenrod">Wallenrodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_flower" title="Blue flower">Blue flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Art_(Romantic_Era)" title="British Marine Art (Romantic Era)">British Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia#Romanticism" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_romanticism" title="Rhine romanticism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)#Romanticism_and_genius" title="Genius (literature)">Romantic genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_art" title="White Mountain art">White Mountain art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Literature" title="Romanticism">Writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu" title="Casimiro de Abreu">Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida" title="Manuel Antônio de Almeida">Manuel Antônio de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Alves" title="Castro Alves">Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de Azevedo">Azevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Barreto" title="Tobias Barreto">Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Bernardo Guimarães">Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo" title="Joaquim Manuel de Macedo">Macedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_de_Magalh%C3%A3es,_Viscount_of_Araguaia" title="Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia">Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Firmina_dos_Reis" title="Maria Firmina dos Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay,_Viscount_of_Taunay" title="Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay">Taunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela" title="Fagundes Varela">Varela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France#Literature" title="Romanticism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Vigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_G%C3%BCnderrode" title="Karoline von Günderrode">Günderrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Great<br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">C. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">de Quincey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Polidori" title="John William Polidori">Polidori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson_(poet)" title="Mary Robinson (poet)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P. B. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland#Notable_Polish_Romantic_writers_and_poets" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski" title="Józef Ignacy Kraszewski">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Malczewski" title="Antoni Malczewski">Malczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Norwid" title="Cyprian Norwid">Norwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Pol" title="Wincenty Pol">Wincenty Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Feliciano_de_Castilho" title="António Feliciano de Castilho">Castilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_de_Nogueira_Ramos" title="João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos">João de Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Dinis" title="Júlio Dinis">Dinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Augusto_Soares_de_Passos" title="António Augusto Soares de Passos">Soares dos Passos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Baratynsky" title="Yevgeny Baratynsky">Baratynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batyushkov" title="Konstantin Batyushkov">Batyushkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker">Küchelbecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev" title="Fyodor Tyutchev">Tyutchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Vyazemsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadinović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Zmaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Saavedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Abovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Baratashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Botev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Chavchavadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Isaacs" title="Jorge Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Orbeliani" title="Grigol Orbeliani">Orbeliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffi_(novelist)" title="Raffi (novelist)">Raffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Runeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Topelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Erkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Goldmark" title="Karl Goldmark">Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heller" title="Stephen Heller">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Hubay" title="Jenő Hubay">Hubay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Lipi%C5%84ski" title="Karol Lipiński">Lipiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Stolpe" title="Antoni Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Tausig" title="Karl Tausig">Tausig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lyapunov" title="Sergei Lyapunov">Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Hristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Konjović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Mokranjac" title="Stevan Mokranjac">Mokranjac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelije_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Kornelije Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_philosophy" title="Romanticism in philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky" title="Vissarion Belinsky">Belinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Berchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Chaadayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Larra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pivert_de_Senancour" title="Étienne Pivert de Senancour">Senancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Snellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Visual artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Aivazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Bryullov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d'Angers">David d'Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Edelfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Fuseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Gallen-Kallela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nepomucen_G%C5%82owacki" title="Jan Nepomucen Głowacki">Głowacki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Janmot" title="Louis Janmot">Janmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)" title="Thomas Jones (artist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orest_Kiprensky" title="Orest Kiprensky">Kiprensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Lampi" title="Franciszek Ksawery Lampi">Lampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(painter)" title="John Martin (painter)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Micha%C5%82owski" title="Piotr Michałowski">Michałowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_Porto-Alegre,_Baron_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo">Porto-Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault">Préault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R%C3%A9voil" title="Pierre Révoil">Révoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Stattler" title="Wojciech Stattler">Stattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Stroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tropinin" title="Vasily Tropinin">Tropinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Veit" title="Philipp Veit">Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(English_artist)" title="James Ward (English artist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Abraham" title="Gerald Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barzun" title="Jacques Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Beiser" title="Frederick C. Beiser">Beiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Blume" title="Friedrich Blume">Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferber" title="Michael Ferber">Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Janion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Wellek" title="René Wellek">Wellek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantics" title="List of romantics">List of romantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_poets" title="List of Romantic poets">List of Romantic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_and_Romanticism" title="Opium and Romanticism">Opium and Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_medicine" title="Romantic medicine">Romantic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_psychology" title="Romantic psychology">Romantic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_economics" title="Romanticism and economics">Romanticism and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Romanticism and the French Revolution">Romanticism and the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Romanticism in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_Bacon" title="Romanticism and Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_evolution_theory" title="Romanticism in evolution theory">Evolution theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_above_the_Sea_of_Fog" title="Wanderer above the Sea of Fog">Wanderer above the Sea of Fog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism">Modernism</a></b> →</div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375979#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375979#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMmQBhX9yMwjhBcCj3cP">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjFp9B3CCb87GrGyWc4FVd">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124692710">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81144072">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071360484">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812735266305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011600574605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500123362">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/69357">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/1f4915da-993d-4757-a045-7ea652daa78e">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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