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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Genesis 10:2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/genesis/10-2.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/3/01_Gen_10_02.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Genesis 10:2 - The Japhethites" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/genesis/10.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth <i>were</i> Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/genesis/10.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth <i>were</i> Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/genesis/10.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth were Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/genesis/10.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />The sons of Japheth <i>were</i> Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/genesis/10.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />The sons of Japheth <i>were</i> Gomer and Magog and Madai and Javan and Tubal and Meshech and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/genesis/10.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />the sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/genesis/10.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Japheth’s sons: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/genesis/10.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Japheth&#8217s sons: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/genesis/10.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/genesis/10.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/genesis/10.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Japheth's descendants were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/genesis/10.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth--Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras--were the ancestors of the peoples who bear their names. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/genesis/10.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Japheth's descendants included Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/genesis/10.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/genesis/10.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/genesis/10.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/genesis/10.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/genesis/10.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/genesis/10.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />Sons of Japheth [are] Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/genesis/10.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> Sons of Japheth are Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/genesis/10.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth; Gomer and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/genesis/10.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Thubal, and Mosoch, and Thiras. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/genesis/10.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth were Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/genesis/10.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />The descendants of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/genesis/10.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />The descendants of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/genesis/10.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth were Gomer, Mongolia, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/genesis/10.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />The children of Yaphet: Gamar and Magog and Maday and Yavan and Tubyl and Meshek and Tyras.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/genesis/10.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/genesis/10.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth, Gamer, and Magog, and Madoi, and Jovan, and Elisa, and Thobel, and Mosoch, and Thiras.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/genesis/10-2.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7ehevn8iSgc?start=2098" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/genesis/10.htm">The Japhethites</a></span><br><span class="reftext">1</span>This is the account of Noah’s sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, who also had sons after the flood. <span class="reftext">2</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: bə·nê (N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">The sons</a> <a href="/hebrew/3315.htm" title="3315: ye·p̄eṯ (N-proper-ms) -- A son of Noah. From pathah; expansion; Jepheth, a son of Noah; also his posterity.">of Japheth:</a> <a href="/hebrew/1586.htm" title="1586: gō·mer (N-proper-ms) -- From gamar; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess.">Gomer,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4031.htm" title="4031: ū·mā·ḡō·wḡ (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- From Gowg; Magog, a son of Japheth; also a barbarous northern region.">Magog,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4074.htm" title="4074: ū·mā·ḏay (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- A son of Japheth, also his desc. and their land. Of foreign derivation; Madai, a country of central Asia.">Madai,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3120.htm" title="3120: wə·yā·wān (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- A son of Japheth, also his desc. and their land. ">Javan,</a> <a href="/hebrew/8422.htm" title="8422: wə·ṯu·ḇāl (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- Or Tubal; probably of foreign derivation; Tubal, a postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity.">Tubal,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4902.htm" title="4902: ū·me·šeḵ (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- The same in form as meshek, but probably of foreign derivation; Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from him.">Meshech,</a> <a href="/hebrew/8494.htm" title="8494: wə·ṯî·rās (Conj-w:: N-proper-ms) -- A son of Japheth and his desc. Probably of foreign derivation; Tiras, a son of Japheth.">and Tiras.</a> </span><span class="reftext">3</span>The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">1 Chronicles 1:5-7</a></span><br />The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. / The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. / And the sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, the Kittites, and the Rodanites.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/27-13.htm">Ezekiel 27:13</a></span><br />Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/38-2.htm">Ezekiel 38:2-3</a></span><br />“Son of man, set your face against Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Prophesy against him / and declare that this is what the Lord GOD says: Behold, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/39-6.htm">Ezekiel 39:6</a></span><br />I will send fire on Magog and on those who dwell securely in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the LORD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/66-19.htm">Isaiah 66:19</a></span><br />I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jeremiah/51-27.htm">Jeremiah 51:27</a></span><br />“Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn among the nations! Prepare the nations against her. Summon the kingdoms against her—Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a captain against her; bring up horses like swarming locusts.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/2-9.htm">Acts 2:9-11</a></span><br />Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, / Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome, / both Jews and converts to Judaism; Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/20-8.htm">Revelation 20:8</a></span><br />and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth—Gog and Magog—to assemble them for battle. Their number is like the sand of the seashore.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/60-9.htm">Isaiah 60:9</a></span><br />Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/23-1.htm">Isaiah 23:1</a></span><br />This is the burden against Tyre: Wail, O ships of Tarshish, for Tyre is laid waste, without house or harbor. Word has reached them from the land of Cyprus.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/23-6.htm">Isaiah 23:6</a></span><br />Cross over to Tarshish; wail, O inhabitants of the coastland!<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/23-10.htm">Isaiah 23:10</a></span><br />Cultivate your land like the Nile, O Daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer a harbor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/23-13.htm">Isaiah 23:13</a></span><br />Look at the land of the Chaldeans—a people now of no account. The Assyrians destined it for the desert creatures; they set up their siege towers and stripped its palaces. They brought it to ruin.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/10-22.htm">1 Kings 10:22</a></span><br />For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/jonah/1-3.htm">Jonah 1:3</a></span><br />Jonah, however, got up to flee to Tarshish, away from the presence of the LORD. He went down to Joppa and found a ship bound for Tarshish. So he paid the fare and went aboard to sail for Tarshish, away from the presence of the LORD.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/genesis/10-21.htm">Genesis 10:21</a></b></br> Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were <i>children</i> born.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">1 Chronicles 1:5-7</a></b></br> The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/isaiah/66-19.htm">Isaiah 66:19</a></b></br> And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, <i>to</i> Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, <i>to</i> Tubal, and Javan, <i>to</i> the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/hosea/1-8.htm">Gomer</a> <a href="/genesis/10-1.htm">Japheth</a> <a href="/zechariah/9-13.htm">Javan</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Madai</a> <a href="/revelation/20-8.htm">Magog</a> <a href="/ezekiel/39-1.htm">Meshech</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Tiras</a> <a href="/genesis/4-22.htm">Tubal</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/genesis/10-3.htm">Gomer</a> <a href="/genesis/10-5.htm">Japheth</a> <a href="/genesis/10-4.htm">Javan</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Madai</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Magog</a> <a href="/genesis/10-23.htm">Meshech</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Tiras</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/1-5.htm">Tubal</a><div class="vheading2">Genesis 10</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-1.htm">The generations of Noah.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">2. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-2.htm">Japheth.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">6. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-6.htm">Ham.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-8.htm">Nimrod becomes the first monarch; the descendants of Canaan.</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/genesis/10-21.htm">The sons of Shem.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/genesis/10.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/genesis/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/genesis/10.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>The sons of Japheth:</b><br>Japheth is one of the three sons of Noah, and his descendants are traditionally associated with the peoples of Europe and parts of Asia. The name Japheth is often linked to the idea of expansion or enlargement, which aligns with the spread of his descendants across vast territories. This lineage is significant in understanding the dispersion of nations after the flood, as described in <a href="/genesis/9-19.htm">Genesis 9:19</a>.<p><b>Gomer:</b><br>Gomer is often associated with the Cimmerians, an ancient people who lived in what is now southern Russia and Ukraine. They are mentioned in <a href="/ezekiel/38-6.htm">Ezekiel 38:6</a> as part of a coalition against Israel, indicating their historical presence and influence. Gomer's descendants are believed to have migrated into parts of Europe, contributing to the population of regions like Germany and France.<p><b>Magog:</b><br>Magog is frequently linked to the Scythians, a nomadic group known for their skills in warfare and horsemanship. In <a href="/ezekiel/38-2.htm">Ezekiel 38:2</a>, Magog is mentioned as a land from which a future invasion against Israel will come, often interpreted as a prophetic reference to end-times events. This connection highlights the ongoing significance of Magog in biblical prophecy.<p><b>Madai:</b><br>Madai is identified with the Medes, an ancient Iranian people who played a crucial role in the history of the Near East. The Medes are mentioned in the book of Daniel (<a href="/daniel/5-28.htm">Daniel 5:28</a>) as part of the Medo-Persian Empire, which conquered Babylon. This historical context underscores the influence of Madai's descendants in shaping the political landscape of the ancient world.<p><b>Javan:</b><br>Javan is associated with the Ionians, an ancient Greek people. The name Javan is often used in the Bible to refer to Greece (<a href="/isaiah/66-19.htm">Isaiah 66:19</a>). The Greeks' contributions to philosophy, art, and governance have had a lasting impact on Western civilization, reflecting the enduring legacy of Javan's lineage.<p><b>Tubal:</b><br>Tubal is linked to the Tabali, an ancient Anatolian people. They are mentioned in <a href="/ezekiel/27-13.htm">Ezekiel 27:13</a> as traders with Tyre, indicating their involvement in commerce and trade. Tubal's descendants are thought to have settled in regions of modern-day Turkey, contributing to the cultural and economic exchanges of the ancient Near East.<p><b>Meshech:</b><br>Meshech is often associated with the Mushki, another ancient Anatolian group. Like Tubal, Meshech is mentioned in <a href="/ezekiel/27-13.htm">Ezekiel 27:13</a>, highlighting their role in trade. The descendants of Meshech are believed to have migrated into areas of Eastern Europe, influencing the development of various Slavic and Baltic cultures.<p><b>Tiras:</b><br>Tiras is traditionally linked to the Thracians, an ancient people who lived in the Balkans. The Thracians are known for their warrior culture and interactions with the Greeks and Romans. Tiras' descendants are thought to have played a role in the cultural and military history of southeastern Europe, contributing to the region's diverse heritage.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/j/japheth.htm">Japheth</a></b><br>One of Noah's three sons, traditionally considered the ancestor of many Indo-European nations. His descendants are often associated with the spread of peoples into Europe and parts of Asia.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/g/gomer.htm">Gomer</a></b><br>Traditionally linked to the Cimmerians, an ancient people who lived in what is now southern Russia and Ukraine.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/m/magog.htm">Magog</a></b><br>Often associated with the Scythians, a nomadic group from the Eurasian steppes. Magog is also mentioned in prophetic literature as a symbol of future enemies of God's people.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/m/madai.htm">Madai</a></b><br>Identified with the Medes, an ancient Iranian people who lived in the area of modern-day Iran.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/j/javan.htm">Javan</a></b><br>Generally associated with the Ionians, an ancient Greek people. The name is often used in the Bible to refer to Greece.<br><br>6. <b><a href="/topical/t/tubal.htm">Tubal</a></b><br>Linked to a people who lived in the region of modern-day Turkey. Tubal is sometimes mentioned alongside Meshech in prophetic texts.<br><br>7. <b><a href="/topical/m/meshech.htm">Meshech</a></b><br>Often associated with a group that lived in the area of modern-day Turkey or the Caucasus region.<br><br>8. <b><a href="/topical/t/tiras.htm">Tiras</a></b><br>Traditionally linked to the Thracians, an ancient people who lived in the Balkans.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/u/understanding_our_roots.htm">Understanding Our Roots</a></b><br>Recognize the importance of genealogies in the Bible as they connect us to the broader account of humanity and God's plan for the nations.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_over_nations.htm">God's Sovereignty Over Nations</a></b><br>Reflect on how God has orchestrated the rise and fall of nations throughout history, as seen in the descendants of Japheth.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/p/prophetic_significance.htm">Prophetic Significance</a></b><br>Consider the prophetic implications of these names, especially in light of future events described in the Bible.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/u/unity_in_diversity.htm">Unity in Diversity</a></b><br>Appreciate the diversity of cultures and peoples that have descended from Noah's sons, and how this diversity is part of God's design.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/h/historical_context.htm">Historical Context</a></b><br>Gain a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural context of the Bible by studying the ancient peoples and regions mentioned in genealogies.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_genesis_10.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Genesis 10</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_were_meshech_and_tubal.htm">Who were Meshech and Tubal in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_is_the_philippi_church_important.htm">Who were Meshech and Tubal in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_was_gomer_in_the_bible.htm">Who was Gomer in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/evidence_for_gog_and_magog's_existence.htm">What historical or archaeological evidence supports the existence of “Gog” and “Magog” as described in Ezekiel 38:2? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/genesis/10.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(2) <span class= "bld">The sons of Japheth.</span>--Of these, seven main divisions are enumerated, some of which are subsequently sub-divided; they are--<p><span class= "bld">1. Gomer, </span>whose name reappears in the Cimmerians. Their original settlement was between Magog and Madai, that is, between the Scythians and the Medes. After remaining some time on the Caspian and Black Seas, on which latter they have left their name in the Crimea, a powerful branch of them struck across the centre of Russia, and, skirting the Baltic, became the Cimbri of Denmark (whence the name of the Chersonesus Cimbrica, given to Jutland), the Cymry of Wales, &c. Generally they are the race to which the " name is given of Celts.<p><span class= "bld">2. Magog. </span>The Scythians, who once possessed the country north and south of the Caucasus. The Russians are their modern representatives, being descended from the Sarmatians, a Scythic race, with a small admixture of Median blood.<p><span class= "bld">3. Madai. </span>The Medes, who dwelt to the south and south-west of the Caspian. <span class= "ital">Mada, </span>in the Accadian language, means <span class= "ital">land, </span>and it was in the Median territory that Kharsak-Kurra, "the mountain of the East," was situated, on which the Accadians believed the ark to have rested, whence possibly Media took its name, being "the land" above all others (<span class= "ital">Chald. Gen., </span>p. 196).<p><span class= "bld">4. Javan, </span>that is, Ionia, the land of the Greeks.<p><span class= "bld">5. Tubal. </span>The Tibareni, on the south-east of the Black Sea.<p><span class= "bld">6. Meshech. </span>The Moschi, a people of Colchis and Armenia.<p><span class= "bld">7. Tiras. </span>According to Josephus and the Targum, the Thracians. Other races have been suggested, but this is probably right; and as the Getae, the ancestors of the Goths, were Thracians, this would make the Scandinavian race the modern representatives of Tiras.<p>In this enumeration the race of Japheth is described as occupying Asia Minor, Armenia, the countries to the west as far as the Caspian Sea, and thence northward to the shores of the Black Sea. Subsequently it spread along the northern shores of the Mediterranean and. over all Europe. But though unnoticed by the writer its extension was equally remarkable towards the east. Parthia, Bactria, the Punjab, India, are equally Japhethite with Germany, Greece, and Rome; and in Sanscrit literature the Aryan first showed that genius, which, omitting the greatest of all books, the Semitic Bible, has made this race the foremost writers in the world.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/genesis/10.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 2.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">The sons of Japheth</span> are first mentioned not because Japheth was the eldest of the three brothers, although that was true, but because of the greater distance of the Japhetic tribes from the theocratic center, the Hamites having always been much more nearly situated to and closely connected with the Shemites than they. The immediate descendants of Japheth, whose name, <span class="greek">Ἰάπετος</span>, occurs again in the mythology of a Japhetic race, were fourteen m number, seven sons and seven grandsons, each of which became the progenitor of one of the primitive nations. <span class="cmt_word">Gomer</span>. A people inhabiting "the sides of the north" (<a href="/ezekiel/38-6.htm">Ezekiel 38:6</a>); the Galatae of the Greeks (Josephus, 'Ant.,' 1:06); the Chomarii, a nation in Bactriana on the Oxus (Shulthess, Kalisch); but more generally the Cimmerians of Homer ('Odyss.,' 11:13-19), whose abodes were the shores of the Caspian and Euxine, whence they seem to have spread themselves over Europe as far west as the Atlantic, leaving traces of their presence in the Cimhri of North Germany and the Cymri in Wales (Keil, Lange, Murphy, Wordsworth, 'Speaker's Commentary ). <span class="cmt_word">And Magog</span>. A fierce and warlike people presided over by Gog (an appellative name, like the titles Pharaoh and Caesar, and corresponding with the Turkish Chak, the Tartarian Kak, and the Mongolian Gog: Kalisch), whose complete destruction was predicted by Ezekiel (Ezekiel 38, 39.); generally understood to be the Scythians, whose territory lay upon the borders of the sea of Asoph, and in the Caucasus. In the Apocalypse (Revelation 20:8-10) Gog and Magog appear as two distinct nations combined against the Church of God. <span class="cmt_word">And Madai</span>. The inhabitants of Media (Mada in the cuneiform inscriptions), so called because believed to be situated <span class="greek">περὶ μεσην τὴν Ασίαν</span> (Polyb. 5:44) on the south-west shore of the Caspian <span class="cmt_word">And Javan</span>. Identical with <span class="greek">Ἰάων</span> (Greek), Javana (Sanscrit), Juna (Old Persian), Jounan (Rosetta Stone); allowed to be the father of the Greeks, who in Scripture are styled Javan (vide <a href="/isaiah/66-19.htm">Isaiah 66:19</a>; <a href="/ezekiel/27-13.htm">Ezekiel 27:13</a>; <a href="/daniel/8-21.htm">Daniel 8:21</a>; <a href="/daniel/10-20.htm">Daniel 10:20</a>; <a href="/joel/3-6.htm">Joel 3:6</a>). <span class="cmt_word">And Tubal, and Meshech</span>. Generally associated in Scripture as tributaries of Magog (<a href="/ezekiel/38-2.htm">Ezekiel 38:2, 3</a>; <a href="/ezekiel/39-1.htm">Ezekiel 39:1</a>); recognized as the Iberians and Moschi in the north of Armenia, between the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates, and the Black Sea (Josephus, Knobel, Lange, Kalisch). <span class="cmt_word">And Tiras</span>. The ancestor of the Thraciaus (Josephus), of the Tyrrheni, a branch of the Pelasgians (Tuch), of the Asiatic tribes round the Taurus (Kalisch), in support of which last is a circumstance mentioned by Rawlinson, that on the old Egyptian monuments <span class="accented">Mashuash and Tuirash</span>, and upon the Assyrian <span class="accented">Tubal</span> and <span class="accented">Misek</span>, stand together as here. Tiras occurs nowhere else in Scripture. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/genesis/10-2.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">The sons</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּנֵ֣י</span> <span class="translit">(bə·nê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> </span><span class="str2">A son</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Japheth:</span><br /><span class="heb">יֶ֔פֶת</span> <span class="translit">(ye·p̄eṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3315.htm">Strong's 3315: </a> </span><span class="str2">Japheth -- a son of Noah</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Gomer,</span><br /><span class="heb">גֹּ֣מֶר</span> <span class="translit">(gō·mer)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1586.htm">Strong's 1586: </a> </span><span class="str2">Gomer -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants, also the wife of Hosea</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Magog,</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמָג֔וֹג</span> <span class="translit">(ū·mā·ḡō·wḡ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4031.htm">Strong's 4031: </a> </span><span class="str2">Magog -- perhaps 'land of Gog', a son of Japheth, also his descendants and their land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Madai,</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמָדַ֖י</span> <span class="translit">(ū·mā·ḏay)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4074.htm">Strong's 4074: </a> </span><span class="str2">Media -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants and their land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Javan,</span><br /><span class="heb">וְיָוָ֣ן</span> <span class="translit">(wə·yā·wān)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3120.htm">Strong's 3120: </a> </span><span class="str2">Javan -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants and their land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Tubal,</span><br /><span class="heb">וְתֻבָ֑ל</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ṯu·ḇāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8422.htm">Strong's 8422: </a> </span><span class="str2">Tubal -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants and their land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Meshech,</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ</span> <span class="translit">(ū·me·šeḵ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4902.htm">Strong's 4902: </a> </span><span class="str2">Meshech -- a son of Japheth, also his descendants and their land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and Tiras.</span><br /><span class="heb">וְתִירָֽס׃</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ṯî·rās)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8494.htm">Strong's 8494: </a> </span><span class="str2">Tiras -- a son of Japheth and his desc</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/genesis/10-2.htm">Genesis 10:2 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/genesis/10-2.htm">OT Law: Genesis 10:2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer Magog Madai (Gen. Ge Gn)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/genesis/10-1.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Genesis 10:1"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Genesis 10:1" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/genesis/10-3.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Genesis 10:3"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Genesis 10:3" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>