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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Serials_crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Serials crisis">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Serials+crisis%22">"Serials crisis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Serials+crisis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Serials+crisis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Serials+crisis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Serials+crisis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Serials+crisis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Problem of cost increases of academic serial publications</div> <p>The term <b>serials crisis</b> describes the problem of rising subscription costs of <a href="/wiki/Serial_publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial publications">serial publications</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholarly journals">scholarly journals</a>, outpacing academic institutions' library budgets and limiting their ability to meet researchers' needs. The prices of these institutional or library subscriptions have been rising much faster than <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> for several decades,<sup id="cite_ref-ala.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ala.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the funds available to the libraries have remained static or have declined in <a href="/wiki/Real_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Real dollar">real</a> terms. As a result, academic and research libraries have regularly canceled serial subscriptions to accommodate price increases of the remaining subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased prices have also led to the increased popularity of <a href="/wiki/Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow libraries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Price_inelasticity">Price inelasticity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Price inelasticity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each journal article reports unique research findings, and as a result, each article is a unique commodity, that cannot be replaced in an academic library collection by another article. The same uniqueness applies to journals, which are collections of articles.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This unique combination of non-replaceable demand and copyright monopoly leads to the type of <a href="/wiki/Price_elasticity_of_demand" title="Price elasticity of demand">price inelasticity</a> not found in other fields, and allows each academic publisher to act as a <a href="/wiki/Monopolist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopolist">monopolist</a>, despite the presence of numerous other publishers on the market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishers">Publishers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publishers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></div> <p>Another possible set of factors in this situation includes the increasing domination of scholarly communication by a small number of commercial <a href="/wiki/Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishers">publishers</a>, whose journals are far more costly than those of most non-profit academic societies.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the institutional subscription prices for journals published by some academic society publishers (see below) have also exhibited inflationary patterns similar to those seen among commercial publishers. </p><p>The earnings of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS), for example, is based in large parts on publications. In 1999, the income of the ACS was $349 million, where $250 million came from information services.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2004 House of Commons report (by the Science and Technology Committee),<sup id="cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ACS is one of the driving forces of the STM (science, technology, medicine) serials crisis. According to the same report the crisis started around 1990 when many universities and libraries complained about the dramatic inflation of STM subscription prices especially for the flagship <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a></i>, which is exclusively sold as a bundle with all other ACS journals. The report further states that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the no–cancellation clauses attached to their multi-year multi-journal deals with Elsevier and the American Chemical Society had led to uneven cancellation of titles to make the budget balance. The result is that the little-used Elsevier and ACS titles must remain in the portfolio while the more popular titles by other publishers are cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Every year the <i><a href="/wiki/Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a></i> publishes a summary of periodical pricing and inflation. According to its 2019 price survey, "The rate of price increase is analyzed for more than 18,000 e-journal packages handled by EBSCO Information Services...For 2019, the average rate of increase over two years was 5.5%, up slightly from 5% in 2018."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Profitability">Profitability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Profitability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2021 study found that the cost of publishing a journal article to publishers varies from $200 (in a large-scale platform with a post-publication review) to $1,000 (in a prestigious journal with an acceptance rate under 10%), with $400 per article being the average cost. Also, when the number of published articles in a journal (such as a <a href="/wiki/Mega-journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega-journal">mega-journal</a>) exceeds 1000, the fixed costs become less than 1% of the direct costs, and the marginal cost of publishing more articles is very small. At the same time, the revenue for most subscription journals is about $4,000 per article. That study estimated the average profit margin of academic journal publishers at ca. 55%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a free market, such a high profit margin should have attracted numerous competing publishers. However, in a traditional publishing market, each research article is unique, and the consumer (reader or subscriber) cannot substitute one article (or journal) for another. Instead, the competition occurs on the authors' side: authors have a choice, of where to publish. In an <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> publishing model, the market forces are appropriately balanced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_in_scholarly_publishing">Growth in scholarly publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Growth in scholarly publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An additional problem is a dramatic increase in the volume of research literature and increasing specialization of that research, i.e. the creation of <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_disciplines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic disciplines">academic subfields</a>. This includes a growth in the number of scholars and an increase in potential demand for these journals. At the same time, funds available to purchase journals are often decreasing in real terms. <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Libraries</a> have seen their collection budgets decline in real terms compared to the United States Periodical Price Index. As a result of the increasing cost of journals, academic libraries have reduced their expenditures on other types of publications such as scholarly <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monographs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currency <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rates</a> can serve to increase the <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(finance)" title="Volatility (finance)">volatility</a> of subscription prices throughout the world. For example, journal publishers in Europe often set their prices in <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> not <a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollar">United States Dollars</a>, so subscribers in the United States will experience varying prices due to exchange rate fluctuations. The converse is true for European institutions who subscribe to journals published in the United States. As the United States and Europe publish the vast majority of scholarly journals, libraries in other regions are subject to ever greater uncertainty. Although exchange rates can go down as well as up, long-term trends in currency values can lead to chronic price inflation experienced by particular libraries or collections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response">Response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is much discussion among case librarians and scholars about the crisis and how to address its consequences. Academic and research libraries are resorting to several tactics to contain costs while maintaining as much access to the latest scholarly research for their users as possible. These include increasingly borrowing journals from one another (see <a href="/wiki/Interlibrary_loan" title="Interlibrary loan">interlibrary loan</a>), purchasing single articles from commercial document suppliers instead of subscribing to whole journals, cancelling subscriptions to the least used or least cost-effective journals, encouraging various methods of obtaining <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">free access</a> to journals, of which black open access provided by <a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a> became the most successful, and converting from printed to electronic copies of journals; however, publishers sometimes charge more for the online edition of a journal, and price increases for online journals have followed the same inflationary pattern as have journals in paper format. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many individual libraries have joined co-operative consortia that negotiate license terms for journal subscriptions on behalf of their member institutions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unbundling_big_deals">Unbundling big deals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unbundling big deals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A subscription to a bundle of several journals at a discounted price is known as a "big deal". In a big deal a library or consortium of libraries typically pays several million dollars per year to subscribe to hundreds or thousands of <a href="/wiki/Toll_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll access">toll access</a> journals.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By offering such discounted bundled subscriptions, the largest journal publishers were able to squeeze out of the market smaller (often, non-profit and less expensive) publishers, who did not have many journal titles and could not offer a discounted bundle subscription.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, efforts increased to "unwrap" or "unbundle" the subscription, if not to cancel them altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Services emerged for libraries to share information and reduce the <a href="/wiki/Information_asymmetry" title="Information asymmetry">information asymmetry</a> in negotiations with the publishers, like the <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition</a> (SPARC) cancellation tracking<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall_Journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall Journals">Unsub</a> data analysis tool.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_access">Open access</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Open access"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developed in part as a response to the serials crisis, open access models have included new models of financing scholarly journals that may serve to reduce the monopoly power of scholarly journal publishers which is considered a contributing factor to the creation of the serials crisis. These include <a href="/wiki/Open_access_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access journal">open access journals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_access_repositories" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access repositories">open access repositories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_domain_resources_behind_a_paywall" title="List of public domain resources behind a paywall">List of public domain resources behind a paywall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsevier#Criticism_and_controversies" title="Elsevier">Elsevier § Criticism and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cost_of_Knowledge" title="The Cost of Knowledge">The Cost of Knowledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Swartz" title="United States v. Swartz">United States v. Swartz</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ala.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ala.org_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRomaine" class="citation web cs1">Romaine, Stephen Bosch, Barbara Albee, and Sion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/Are-We-There-Yet-Periodicals-Price-Survey-2022">"Are We There Yet? | Periodicals Price Survey 2022"</a>. <i>Library Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310214145/https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/Are-We-There-Yet-Periodicals-Price-Survey-2022">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The "big deal" bundling of academic journals"</a>. <i>Antitrust Law Journal</i>. <b>72</b> (1): 119–157. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227100154/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nd7v77z">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antitrust+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Exclusion+or+efficient+pricing%3F+The+%22big+deal%22+bundling+of+academic+journals&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-157&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=Aaron+S.&rft.au=Rubinfeld%2C+D.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3nd7v77z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2018" class="citation web cs1">McKenzie, Lindsay (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/05/08/more-institutions-consider-ending-their-big-deals-publishers">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Big Deal' Cancellations Gain Momentum"</a>. <i>Inside Higher Ed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310225237/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/05/08/more-institutions-consider-ending-their-big-deals-publishers">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=%27Big+Deal%27+Cancellations+Gain+Momentum&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F05%2F08%2Fmore-institutions-consider-ending-their-big-deals-publishers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/">"Big Deal Cancellation Tracking – SPARC"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105134/https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big+Deal+Cancellation+Tracking+%E2%80%93+SPARC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fbig-deal-cancellation-tracking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kingsley, Danny (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/44481">"Open access publishing: a solution to the serials crisis?"</a>. <i>Australasian Science (2006), Pp. 34–36</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305050319/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/44481">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Science+%282006%29%2C+Pp.+34%E2%80%9336&rft.atitle=Open+access+publishing%3A+a+solution+to+the+serials+crisis%3F&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F1885%2F44481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2006" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Brian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/fnl/volume/184/evans.html">"A Failure in Communcations: The metamorphosis of academic publishing"</a>. <i>MIT Faculty Newsletter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Faculty+Newsletter&rft.atitle=A+Failure+in+Communcations%3A+The+metamorphosis+of+academic+publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Ffnl%2Fvolume%2F184%2Fevans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoydHerkovic1999" class="citation cs2">Boyd, Stephen; Herkovic, Andrew (May 18, 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991001233828/http://www.stanford.edu/~boyd/schol_pub_crisis.html"><i>Crisis in Scholarly Publishing: Executive Summary</i></a>, Stanford Academic Council Committee on Libraries, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/~boyd/schol_pub_crisis.html">the original</a> on October 1, 1999</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+Scholarly+Publishing%3A+Executive+Summary&rft.pub=Stanford+Academic+Council+Committee+on+Libraries&rft.date=1999-05-18&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Herkovic%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2F~boyd%2Fschol_pub_crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2003" class="citation cs2">Davidson, Cathy N. (October 3, 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051201081352/http://chronicle.com/free/v50/i06/06b00701.htm">"Understanding the Economic Burden of Scholarly Publishing"</a>, <i>The Chronicle Review</i>, vol. 50, no. 6, The Chronicle of Higher Education, pp. B7, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/free/v50/i06/06b00701.htm">the original</a> on December 1, 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+Review&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Economic+Burden+of+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=B7&rft.date=2003-10-03&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Cathy+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Ffree%2Fv50%2Fi06%2F06b00701.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmcp.jussieu.fr/icsu/Information/Proc_0296/"><i>Electronic Publishing in Science</i></a>, International Council of Scientific Unions/UNESCO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Publishing+in+Science&rft.pub=International+Council+of+Scientific+Unions%2FUNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lmcp.jussieu.fr%2Ficsu%2FInformation%2FProc_0296%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuédon" class="citation cs2">Guédon, Jean-Claude, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116065504/http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/mmproceedings/138guedon.shtml"><i>In Oldenburg's Long Shadow: Librarians, Research Scientists, Publishers, and the Control of Scientific Publishing</i></a>, ARL, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/mmproceedings/138guedon.shtml">the original</a> on January 16, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Oldenburg%27s+Long+Shadow%3A+Librarians%2C+Research+Scientists%2C+Publishers%2C+and+the+Control+of+Scientific+Publishing&rft.pub=ARL&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9don&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arl.org%2Fresources%2Fpubs%2Fmmproceedings%2F138guedon.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnad1995" class="citation cs2">Harnad, Stevan (May 12, 1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cogprints.org/1689/1/thes.html"><i>The Post-Gutenberg Galaxy: How to Get There from Here</i></a>, COG Prints</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Post-Gutenberg+Galaxy%3A+How+to+Get+There+from+Here&rft.pub=COG+Prints&rft.date=1995-05-12&rft.aulast=Harnad&rft.aufirst=Stevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1689%2F1%2Fthes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarterKim1996" class="citation cs2">Harter, Stephen P; Kim, Hak Joon (August 1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informationr.net/ir/2-1/paper9a.html"><i>Electronic journals and scholarly communication: a citation and reference study</i></a>, Information Research</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+journals+and+scholarly+communication%3A+a+citation+and+reference+study&rft.pub=Information+Research&rft.date=1996-08&rft.aulast=Harter&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hak+Joon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finformationr.net%2Fir%2F2-1%2Fpaper9a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdlyzko1994" class="citation web cs1">Odlyzko, Andrew M. (July 6, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130911050646/http://www.virtualschool.edu:80/mon/Academia/DemiseScholarlyJournals.html">"Tragic loss or good riddance? The impending demise of traditional scholarly journals"</a>. <i>Virtual School</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualschool.edu/mon/Academia/DemiseScholarlyJournals.html">the original</a> on September 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtual+School&rft.atitle=Tragic+loss+or+good+riddance%3F+The+impending+demise+of+traditional+scholarly+journals&rft.date=1994-07-06&rft.aulast=Odlyzko&rft.aufirst=Andrew+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualschool.edu%2Fmon%2FAcademia%2FDemiseScholarlyJournals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkersonStubbs1991" class="citation cs2">Okerson, Ann; Stubbs, Kendon (February 8, 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001060055/http://www.library.yale.edu/~okerson/doomsday.html"><i>The Library "Doomsday Machine"</i></a>, Publishers Weekly, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/~okerson/doomsday.html">the original</a> on October 1, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Library+%22Doomsday+Machine%22&rft.pub=Publishers+Weekly&rft.date=1991-02-08&rft.aulast=Okerson&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.au=Stubbs%2C+Kendon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.yale.edu%2F~okerson%2Fdoomsday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholarly_Societies_Project2004" class="citation cs2">Scholarly Societies Project (August 9, 2004), Parrot, Jim (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/society/crisis.html"><i>The Crisis in Scholarly Publishing</i></a>, University of Waterloo Library</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+in+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.pub=University+of+Waterloo+Library&rft.date=2004-08-09&rft.au=Scholarly+Societies+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.uwaterloo.ca%2Fsociety%2Fcrisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-math.umd.edu/component/content/article/79-math/142-the-crisis-in-scientific-publishing.html">"The Crisis in Scientific Publishing"</a>. <i>University of Maryland Department of Mathematics</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Maryland+Department+of+Mathematics&rft.atitle=The+Crisis+in+Scientific+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-math.umd.edu%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F79-math%2F142-the-crisis-in-scientific-publishing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis1995" class="citation cs2">Willis, Jerry (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060223104740/http://www.coe.uh.edu:80/~brobin/Educom95/EducomJW/"><i>Bridging the Gap Between Traditional and Electronic Scholarly Publishing</i></a>, University of Houston, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.uh.edu/~brobin/Educom95/EducomJW/">the original</a> on February 23, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridging+the+Gap+Between+Traditional+and+Electronic+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.pub=University+of+Houston&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.uh.edu%2F~brobin%2FEducom95%2FEducomJW%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/">"Big Deal Cancellation Tracking"</a>, <i>Sparcopen.org</i>, US: <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sparcopen.org&rft.atitle=Big+Deal+Cancellation+Tracking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fbig-deal-cancellation-tracking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerials+crisis" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of academic publishers by preprint policy">Preprint policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_style_guides#Academic" title="List of style guides">Style/formatting guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_documents" title="Category:Scientific documents">Category:Scientific documents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&oldid=1226677528">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serials_crisis&oldid=1226677528</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing" title="Category:Publishing">Publishing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Library_science" 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